HRP20211833A1 - System of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses - Google Patents

Abstract

The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses consists of structural elements of laminated wooden elements, which has the advantages of solid wood construction, with improved technical properties of reducing deformations and heat and sound conductivity, and is relatively cheap to produce, and includes lamella elements (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) which form profiled laminated glued constructive element assemblies with cavities (6) of ellipse cross-section, main axis parallel to the lamella joint, whereby by stacking they form assembly elements (7), (8), (9), (10) which, by stacking, form the structural elements of the building (13), whereby the cavities (6) of the laminated elements and the percentage of hollowness form a correspondingly larger number of closed small air chambers (6), whereby the direction of the cavity (6) runs perpendicular to contact surfaces, so that air circulation is suppressed and high thermal insulation results; lamella elements (1-5) are glued to form segments (7), (8), (9), (10) which, by stacking, form construction structures (14-26). The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses comprises structural elements of laminated wooden elements, which has the advantages of solid wood construction, with improved technical properties of reducing deformations and heat and sound conductivity, and is relatively cheap to produce, and includes lamella elements (1), (2), (3), ( 4), (5) which form profiled laminated glued structural assemblies of elements with cavities (6) of ellipse cross-section, main axis parallel to the joint of the lamellas, whereby by stacking they form assembly elements (7), (8) , (9), (10) which, by stacking, form the structural elements of the building (13), whereby the cavities (6) of the laminated elements and the percentage of hollowness form a correspondingly larger number of closed small air chambers ( 6), whereby the direction of the cavity (6) runs perpendicular to contact surfaces, so that air circulation is suppressed and high thermal insulation results; lamella elements (1-5) are glued together to form segments (7), (8), (9), (10) which, by stacking, form building structures (14-26).

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a structural wooden laminated-glued element for the construction of wooden houses. The assembly of the element is made of five basic elements, one of which has grooves that, when stacked, form cavities and a teaching part. The elements of the lamellae are glued together into an assembly of elements that modularly build segments, with possible adjustment of the cross-section of the element in terms of the dimensions themselves and the percentage of hollowness. The mentioned segment results in improved thermal, acoustic, fireproof properties and reduced negative properties of the material, such as deformations caused by shrinkage and swelling and a reduction in the mass of the elements.

Only the shaping of the lamella elements that form element assemblies and segments, and their hollowness, which significantly reduces the mass of the elements, enables simple assembly and manipulation.

Technical problem

The construction of wooden houses has a long tradition in the world. Traditional beam construction generally requires additional thermal and sound insulation. Building from prefabricated wooden elements that are available on the market consists of wood materials and insulating material.

With wooden elements, the problem of deformation such as shrinkage and swelling of the elements is common, as a known negative property of wood as a basic building material.

Well-known solutions for the construction of prefabricated houses are made from concrete slabs or similar building materials, up to the application of various solutions made in wooden construction. For many years, wooden frame structural elements have also been used as walls in prefabricated houses, because wood is a cheap and flexible building material that, as a natural building material, also offers good housing quality. Such structural elements of wood material usually consist of two outer panels made of wood material such as wood panel or chipboard, which are separated from each other by various solutions, such as solid beams or honeycomb formations. The space between the panels and beams is filled with insulating material, which requires more operations in the production process.

The mentioned structural solutions are less stable than conventional massive wall elements. This manifests itself as a disadvantage in anchoring the fastening means for connection to adjacent components. Furthermore, poor stability is problematic when heavy objects such as pictures and especially hanging cabinets are attached to the wall. Since the insulating material is very soft, the dowel / screw, for example, has to find support only in a relatively thin plate.

Therefore, wooden construction elements whose properties are close to solid construction elements are preferred. Well-known wood-based panels, such as chipboard, are considerably cheaper, but are not produced in the relevant thickness that would satisfy the mechanical properties of massive wooden construction elements. An element of a wooden structure made entirely of solid wood is relatively expensive compared to its performance in the listed panel materials.

In the case of residential buildings, there is also a requirement for fire protection and resistance, i.e. the flammability of the material, where wood as a building material in itself has poor characteristics.

Also, as a raw material, wood is an extremely valuable material, and in the processing of other wood products, a part of the waste material remains, which is of extremely good quality, but its dimensions are insufficient for further use and it is not utilized in an adequate way.

Ready-made wooden building elements are generally larger in size and mass, and the manipulation and assembly of such elements is difficult.

State of the art

There are numerous solutions for making ready-made elements from wood with improved properties intended for construction. Modularity solutions are mainly solved by the implementation of wooden elements that are assembled with known wooden structural joints and in this sense are generally known and satisfactory.

The problem of sound and thermal insulation is solved in various ways: by leaving a space between two wooden elements or by inserting insulating material between two wooden elements, which increases the dimensions and weight of the elements, or by additional coating with another material.

One of the approaches to the construction solution is a modular system made of "wooden bricks", which consists of plate elements of certain dimensions. The construction is light, which allows easy assembly and manipulation. The internal double layer of panels enables the establishment of diffusion impermeability without the use of foils, and automatic room ventilation is not required. Depending on the requirements, the wooden brick can be filled with different insulating materials to improve sound and thermal insulation properties, natural materials such as cellulose, wood fibers or sheep's wool. The structure is covered with facade cladding as desired.

However, this approach does not solve the problem of the lack of anchoring of fastening means, such as hanging cabinets, shelves and other inventory.

WO 2007/048 149 proposes a new type of wood-based building board or wood-based material. The goal was to produce structural wall, coated, supporting elements with a multi-layered structure of significantly reduced weight and at the same time with improved values of strength, sound and thermal insulation and with favorable physical, structural and biological properties. The first goal was to use natural wood or wood materials of good quality, ecological acceptability, biodegradability and high quality disposal. As a solution, a multi-layer board is proposed in which the inclined core layer of fibers and a large number of them completely penetrate and has positively inclined and/or negatively inclined hollow spaces parallel to the corresponding inclined direction of the fibers, preferably of the same size and preferably evenly distributed.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the thermal insulation is worse compared to a panel made of solid wood, because the inclined cavities extend directly from one side of the panel to the other. Also, the production of such elements is complex, the elements are multi-layered from the outer layer and the core.

However, this approach does not solve the problem of the lack of anchoring of fastening means, such as hanging cabinets, shelves and other inventory.

AT397489B proposes glued laminated timber, which consists of glued lamellas in which a number of relaxation grooves are provided. Glued laminated wood consists of lamellas whose height is greater than the known maximum lamella thickness of 45 mm, and the distance between the grooves or grooves and the boundary surface of the lamella is not greater than 35 mm.

This solution offers the construction of an element with improved properties, but does not define the stacking and assembly of the assembly of elements, nor the connection of segments. In AT397489B, the size, shape and arrangement of the cavities made by the saw cut is not sufficient for the possible insertion of material that would improve the technical characteristics of the material.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the cavities in the element do not allow the insertion of material that significantly improves the characteristics (mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, fire resistance, etc.).

CH 205 265 is a closed wooden panel. It consists of a central layer, which alternately has saw cuts made on both sides and parallel to each other. This middle layer is covered with face veneers on both sides, which close the saw cuts.

The disadvantage of this solution is the creation of a large amount of waste (sawdust) during the processing and execution of saw cuts, which results in a very inefficient use of wood raw materials, a large consumption of resources - tools, machines and equipment, and energy consumption for their operation.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the cavities in the element do not allow the insertion of material that significantly improves the characteristics (mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, fire resistance, etc.).

FR 761 493 invention is a known method in which a wooden mesh with a meandering section is achieved by mutual milling. It is covered on the outside by a wall part, which closes the mills.

The disadvantage of this solution is the creation of a large amount of waste (sawdust) during the processing and execution of saw cuts, which results in a very inefficient use of wood raw materials, a large consumption of resources - tools, machines and equipment, and energy consumption for their operation.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the cavities in the element do not allow the insertion of material that significantly improves the characteristics (mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, fire resistance, etc.).

US1877087A This solution offers the construction of an element with improved properties, defines the stacking and assembly of an assembly of elements and the connection of segments. In US1877087A, the size, shape and arrangement of the cavities made by the saw cut is not sufficient for the possible insertion of material that would improve the technical characteristics of the material.

The disadvantage of this solution is the creation of a large amount of waste (sawdust) during the processing and execution of saw cuts, which results in a very inefficient use of wood raw materials, a large consumption of resources - tools, machines and equipment, and energy consumption for their operation.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the cavities in the element do not allow the insertion of material that significantly improves the characteristics (mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, fire resistance, etc.).

According to US 1877087A, the flammability of the material is reduced by wood coatings, which usually affects the very appearance and structure of the outer surface of the wood, while the proposed solution solves the problem of flammability of the material by inserting non-combustible / fire-resistant material into the intended cavity in the subject assembly.

None of the mentioned known solutions fully respond to the technical problem solved by the proposed invention.

Presentation of the essence of the invention

The goal of the invention is to create a structural assembly that solves all the mentioned technical problems and thus has advantages over competing elements and assemblies made of solid wood, but is relatively cheap to produce.

According to the invention, this goal is achieved by the fact that the assembly is entirely made of laminated glued elements with cavities, which can be additionally filled with additional material depending on the required requirements in order to achieve the requested improvements. Perforations made in the wooden assembly contribute to the reduction of deformations.

The primary goal of the invention is to create prefabricated assemblies from which the object is assembled, without additional needs for thermal insulation and other finishing.

The secondary objective of the invention is to improve the properties of the assembly such as the reduction of deformations and to improve the fire resistance properties of the material.

Further goals of the invention are to use a part of the quality wood material which in the production process has dimensions insufficient for further use, and with the simplicity of the design of the assembly and its mass, to facilitate assembly and manipulation without the use of additional heavy machinery and transport.

According to the invention, this goal is achieved by the fact that the assembly is entirely made of laminated glued elements, of high-quality wood, which in the production process has insufficient dimensions for further use. By stacking the slats, they form cavities with an ellipse-shaped cross-section, which, due to the arrangement and dimensions of the cavities, reduces the weight of the assembly by approx. 30% compared to a solid wood assembly. The assembly retains the characteristics of a beam made of solid wood with improved properties such as reduction of deformations - in-plane and out-of-plane buckling and weathering.

Additional material is inserted into the cavities in order to increase the fire resistance characteristics, additional strengthening and thermal conductivity of the material if there is a demand for this, which means that the assembly achieves significantly higher properties compared to a beam made of solid wood.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will in part be demonstrated in the description that follows, and in part will be learned through practice of the invention.

The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to this invention includes five basic elements of lamellas which are joined by gluing into assemblies of elements, whereby the elements can be of various dimensions and shapes and composed of these five elements; element position (4) with grooves that form cavities by repetition, whereby the percentage of hollowness can be adjusted to the size of the element; end lamellas (1) and (5) profile and counter-profile form a "lock key" assembly, which enables simple stacking and construction without the use of additional assembly elements assemblies. Segments of elements are manufactured pre-made, ready for stacking and building according to the modular principle, which significantly reduces the time of construction of the building without special tools and machines.

According to the request, another material is inserted into the cavities that form the lamella element (3) and (4) by stacking in order to improve the properties of the material.

The purpose of the invention is to obtain, by stacking elements of shaped lamellas, ready-made assemblies of elements that make up segments, which can be assembled into a construction object by simple manipulation and assembly without additional constructive elements.

At the same time, the purpose of the invention is to create a laminated wooden construction element by shaping the lamellas and dimensioning the hollowness, which in its technical characteristics is equivalent or better than other known solutions and structural elements made of solid wood.

The invention is disclosed and indicated in the main patent claim, while the dependent patent claims describe other features of the invention. The invention allows for a large number of particularly advantageous configurations. It refers to dependent requests.

Brief description of the drawing

These and other features of the invention, which are given by way of non-limiting example, will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:

Figure 1 shows a section of the element of the teaching profiled lamella 1 with a profile

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a solid lamella element 2

Figure 3 shows a section of the element from one side of the profiled lamella 3

Figure 4 shows a section of the element of the double-sided profiled lamella 4

Figure 5 shows a section of the element of the teaching profiled lamella 5 with the counter profile of the lamella l shown in Figure 1

Figure 6 shows a detail of the assembly element 7, which has an upper and a lower lamella of a profiled guide

Figure 7 shows a detail of assembly element 8

Figure 8 shows a detail of the assembly element 9

Figure 9 shows a detail of the element of the assembly 10, which has an upper and lower lamella end plane

Figure 10 shows a spatial view detail of the assembly element 7, which has the upper and lower lamella of the profiled teaching

Figure 11 shows a spatial representation of the detail of the assembly element 8

Figure 12 shows a spatial representation of the detail of the assembly element 9

Figure 13 shows a spatial view detail of the assembly element 10, which has an upper and lower lamella screw plane

Figure 14 shows a spatial view of the assembly element

Figure 15 shows a spatial view of the assembly element with additional material inserted into the cavity

Figure 16 shows the building structure made of assemblies (14-29)

Figure 17 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 18 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 19 shows the connection of the construction assembly

Figure 20 shows the connection of the construction assembly

Figure 21 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 22 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 23 shows the connection of the construction assembly of the window opening

Figure 24 shows the connection of the construction assembly of the door opening

Figure 25 shows the connection of the construction assembly of the opening

Figure 26 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 27 shows the connection of the building assembly

Figure 28 shows the connection of the construction assembly

Figure 29 shows the connection of the building assembly

A detailed description of at least one way of realizing the invention

Details of the embodiment of the invention will now be explained, one example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The slats are made of quality wooden material, the dimensions of which are insufficient for further use in the production process and are not used adequately.

Referring to Figures 6 to 9, it can be seen that the element assembly consists of 5 basic positions of lamella elements (1-5).

In accordance with the invention, it is possible to insert additional material into the cavities (6) as shown in Figure 15, which can substantially further improve the technical properties of the assembly.

The additional effort required to create the grooves is small, as they can be made in one operation of machining the raw piece of wood or during planing.

In order to determine the optimal shape of the cross-section, it was concluded that the basic shape is a rectangle with sides of 120/280 mm, while the shorter sides are profiled according to the "key lock" principle with a depth of 15 mm and a width of 15 mm on the upper side, or 20 mm on the lower side. page. There are two types of characteristic cross sections. The first type is characterized by elliptical perforations distributed in a regular grid with distances of 25 mm from the edge of the elements and a mutual grid of 35 mm horizontally and 20 mm vertically (the horizontal axis of the helix falls into the joint of the lamellas).

All lamella profiles are performed on separate lamellas before lamination.

The lamellae are glued together under pressure according to a known method.

Lamella elements (1-5) are assembled into assembly elements (7-10) which form segments with classic carpentry joints shown in Figures 17 to 29 and which are used to build parts of the building object (13) as shown in Figure 16.

Method of application of the invention

In addition to technical improvements in the properties of the element assembly, the invention in the described manner enables practical and simple application with significantly improved properties in the application and exploitation of the invention. it includes significant improvements compared to previously known solutions of this type, and a special value is the economy and simplicity in the production process, the use of wood material, and the ease of manipulation.

The invention enables the concept of construction with the assemblies in question, tending to exclude mechanization, that is, it tends to design elements and load-bearing systems that can be performed without the use of mechanization.

List of positive tags used

(1) lamella element position 1

(2) lamella element position 2

(3) lamella element position 3

(4) lamella element position 4

(5) lamella element position 5

(6) profiled cavity

(7) Assembly of elements 7

(8) Assembly of elements 8

(9) Assembly of elements 9

(10) Assembly of elements 10

(11) Cavity filling with material that improves technical properties

(12) Adhesive

(13) Building structure derived from assemblies (14-29)

(14) connection of the construction assembly

(15) connection of the construction assembly

(16) connection of the construction assembly

(17) connection of the construction assembly

(18) connection of the construction assembly

(19) connection of the construction assembly

(20) connection of the construction assembly of the window opening

(21) connection of the construction assembly of the door opening

(22) connection of the construction assembly of the opening

(23) connection of the construction assembly

(24) connection of the construction assembly

(25) connection of the construction assembly

(26) connection of the construction assembly

(27) connection of the construction assembly

(28) connection of the construction assembly

(29) connection of the construction assembly

Claims (10)

1. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses includes elements of lamellas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) which form profiled laminated laminated structural assemblies of elements with cavities, whereby when they are stacked they form assembly elements ( 7), (8), (9), (10), which are stacked to form the structural elements of the building, whereby the cavities (6) of the laminated elements form a correspondingly larger number of closed small air chambers (6), whereby the direction of the cavity (6) runs vertically on the contact surfaces, so that air circulation is suppressed and results in lower thermal conductivity; lamella elements (1-5) are glued together to form segments (7), (8), (9), (10) which, by stacking, form building structures (17) to (29). 2. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the laminated elements have a lamella width in the range of 120 mm and a thickness of 20 mm and form a laminated assembly 280 mm high and 120 mm wide 3. System of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to claim I and 2, characterized by the fact that the lamellas (3) and (4) form cavities (6) of ellipse cross-section with dimensions of width 21 mm and height 14 mm; the main axis parallel to the line joining the lamellas, while the shorter dimension of the air chambers is oriented in the direction of the main thermal insulation 4. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the fact that it is made as an assembly element (7) from the lamella element (I), (2), (3), (4), (5) 5. System of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the fact that it is made as an assembly element (8) from lamella elements (2), (3), (4), (5) 6. System of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to requirements 1.2 and 3, characterized by the fact that it is made as an element of the assembly (9) from the lamella element (1), (2), (3), (4) 7. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses according to any of the requirements 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the fact that it is made as an assembly element (10) from lamella elements (2), (3), (4), 8. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses, according to any of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, includes elements (1-5) that form segments of laminated laminated structural elements with cavities, indicated by the fact that the elements ( 3) and (4) by stacking, they form cavities which, in their layout, dimensions and shape, form a modular hollow element with significantly reduced mass and weight 9. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses, according to any of the requirements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, reduces the negative properties of the material, such as deformation indicated by the fact that elements (3) and (4) form cavities by stacking which in its layout, dimensions and shape are formed by a modular perforated element that significantly reduces the swelling and blowing of the element assembly (17) to (29) 10. The system of modular and prefabricated construction of wooden houses, according to any of the requirements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, reduces the negative properties of the material such as combustibility and heat conduction, indicated by the fact that elements (3) and (4) by stacking, they form cavities (6) into which another material (11) is inserted, which reduces the flammability of the material.