GB501691A - Piezo-electric apparatus for repeating electric impulses - Google Patents
Piezo-electric apparatus for repeating electric impulsesInfo
- Publication number
- GB501691A GB501691A GB4405/38A GB440538A GB501691A GB 501691 A GB501691 A GB 501691A GB 4405/38 A GB4405/38 A GB 4405/38A GB 440538 A GB440538 A GB 440538A GB 501691 A GB501691 A GB 501691A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- emf
- piezo
- plates
- electric
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000145845 chattering Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/104—Treads
- E04F11/112—Treads of metal or with an upper layer of metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Abstract
501,691. Piezo - electric crystals. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. Feb. 11, 1938, No. 4405. Convention date, March 16, 1937. [Class 40 (v)] [Also in Group XXXVII] Apparatus for repeating electrical impulses comprises a plate of piezo-electric material with associated electrodes which, when an EMF is connected across the electrodes moves a contact to operate a switch with a time delay produced by a resistance in series with and a capacity in shunt to the electrodes. Two plates 14 and 15 of piezo-electric material such as Rochelle salt crystal are cut similarly with respect to the crystallographic axes so that an EMF applied across the faces results in a lengthening or shortening of the plates. The plates are both coated on each side with a conducting material such as colloidally fine carbon, are cemented together and waterproofed with shellac with two faces contiguous, and mounted with thickened ends 16 and 17 secured by a bracket 11 to a base 1. When an EMF is applied across the terminals 18 and 19 connected respectively to the contiguous and the outer conducting coatings, one plate lengthens and the other shortens to cause the composite plate to bend and bring contact 20 on its upper end into engagement with a fixed contact 8, while reversal of the EMF reverses the bending to close another circuit. To prevent chattering an oil dashpot 32 is provided, or a resistance is connected across the plates to dissipate the electrical energy transformed by the piezo-electric effect from the mechanical energy of vibration. The operating time of the relay is controlled by a resistance in series and a capacitance in parallel with the crystals, while a series condenser may nullify the temperature variations of the crystal capacity, or the crystals are connected across a Wheatstone bridge arrangement of condensers. The arrangement shown in Fig. 13 includes a thermionic valve 40 to increase the sensitivity to, low voltages. With zero grid volts, the current through the valve and the right-hand circuit is such that the volts drop through inductance L and resistance R3 is equal to the battery volts E2 so that there is no EMF across the relay 41. Application of volts to the grid varies the current and causes a substantially greater EMF to appear across the relay plates.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US131160A US2166763A (en) | 1937-03-16 | 1937-03-16 | Piezoelectric apparatus and circuits |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB501691A true GB501691A (en) | 1939-03-03 |
Family
ID=22448167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4405/38A Expired GB501691A (en) | 1937-03-16 | 1938-02-11 | Piezo-electric apparatus for repeating electric impulses |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2166763A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE426805A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH208062A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR835337A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB501691A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL51407C (en) |
Families Citing this family (36)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2479173A (en) * | 1944-07-26 | 1949-08-16 | Gen Electric | Circuit and starter for electric discharge devices |
| US2714642A (en) * | 1952-07-10 | 1955-08-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High speed relay of electromechanical transducer material |
| US2916578A (en) * | 1955-04-01 | 1959-12-08 | Electric Machinery Mfg Co | Electrostrictive capacitive relay having tension mounted actuator |
| US2967956A (en) * | 1955-04-19 | 1961-01-10 | Gulton Ind Inc | Transducer |
| US3613589A (en) * | 1955-12-23 | 1971-10-19 | Us Army | Bomb fuzing system |
| US3004176A (en) * | 1959-03-30 | 1961-10-10 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electromechanical transducers |
| US3109153A (en) * | 1960-11-18 | 1963-10-29 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Adjustable piezoelectric wave filter having two resonance peaks |
| DE2063799A1 (en) * | 1970-12-24 | 1972-07-06 | Siemens Ag | Electrical timing element for delayed actuation of a switch |
| US3777093A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1973-12-04 | R Sterns | Electromechanical relay |
| JPS5161237U (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-05-14 | ||
| JPS6230773Y2 (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1987-08-07 | ||
| JPS59181585A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-16 | Toshiba Corp | Displacement generator |
| JPS6046636U (en) * | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-02 | オムロン株式会社 | multi-pole relay |
| US4553061A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1985-11-12 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric bimorph driven direct current latching relay |
| US4538087A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1985-08-27 | General Electric Company | Alternating current driven piezoelectric latching relay and method of operation |
| US4620123A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-10-28 | General Electric Company | Synchronously operable electrical current switching apparatus having multiple circuit switching capability and/or reduced contact resistance |
| USRE33618E (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1991-06-25 | General Electric Company | Method for initially polarizing and centering a piezoelectric ceramic switching device |
| US4714847A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-12-22 | General Electric Company | Advanced piezoeceramic power switching devices employing protective gastight enclosure and method of manufacture |
| US4689517A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-08-25 | General Electric Company | Advanced piezoceramic power switching devices employing protective gastight enclosure and method of manufacture |
| US4670682A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-06-02 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric ceramic switching devices and systems and method of making the same |
| USRE33568E (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1991-04-09 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric ceramic switching devices and systems and methods of making the same |
| USRE33577E (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1991-04-23 | General Electric Company | Advanced piezoceramic power switching devices employing protective gastight enclosure and method of manufacture |
| US4669160A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-06-02 | General Electric Company | Method for prepolarizing and centering a piezoelectric ceramic switching device |
| US4626698A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-12-02 | General Electric Company | Zero crossing synchronous AC switching circuits employing piezoceramic bender-type switching devices |
| USRE33691E (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1991-09-17 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric ceramic switching devices and systems and method of making the same |
| US4595855A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-06-17 | General Electric Company | Synchronously operable electrical current switching apparatus |
| USRE33587E (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1991-05-14 | General Electric Company | Method for (prepolarizing and centering) operating a piezoceramic power switching device |
| US4620124A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-10-28 | General Electric Company | Synchronously operable electrical current switching apparatus having increased contact separation in the open position and increased contact closing force in the closed position |
| US4678957A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1987-07-07 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric ceramic switching devices and systems and methods of making the same |
| US4658154A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-04-14 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric relay switching circuit |
| US4697118A (en) * | 1986-08-15 | 1987-09-29 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric switch |
| US4967568A (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1990-11-06 | General Electric Company | Control system, method of operating an atmospheric cooling apparatus and atmospheric cooling apparatus |
| US5628411A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1997-05-13 | Sortex Limited | Valve devices for use in sorting apparatus ejectors |
| US6497660B1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-12-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Ultrasound imaging device |
| US11464494B2 (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2022-10-11 | GE Precision Healthcare LLC | Method and system to revert a depoling effect exhibited by an ultrasound transducer |
| US11435461B2 (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | GE Precision Healthcare LLC | Method and system to prevent depoling of ultrasound transducer |
-
0
- BE BE426805D patent/BE426805A/xx unknown
- NL NL51407D patent/NL51407C/xx active
-
1937
- 1937-03-16 US US131160A patent/US2166763A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1938
- 1938-02-11 GB GB4405/38A patent/GB501691A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-03-15 CH CH208062D patent/CH208062A/en unknown
- 1938-03-16 FR FR835337D patent/FR835337A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL51407C (en) | |
| BE426805A (en) | |
| US2166763A (en) | 1939-07-18 |
| CH208062A (en) | 1939-12-31 |
| FR835337A (en) | 1938-12-19 |
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