GB2198216A - Control devices for digital video effects units - Google Patents
Control devices for digital video effects units Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2198216A GB2198216A GB8628145A GB8628145A GB2198216A GB 2198216 A GB2198216 A GB 2198216A GB 8628145 A GB8628145 A GB 8628145A GB 8628145 A GB8628145 A GB 8628145A GB 2198216 A GB2198216 A GB 2198216A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- control knob
- control device
- arm
- control
- output signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0346—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a 3D space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Abstract
In a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal, a control device comprises a control knob (1), a mounting arm arrangement (2, 3; 6) for the control knob (1), whereby the control knob (1) can be moved in three dimensions and preferably also rotated, sensors for sensing movement of the control knob (1) in three dimensions and preferably also rotation thereof, and a circuit to derive from the sensors separate output signals, three corresponding to movement of the control knob (1) in three dimensions respectively and preferably one corresponding to rotation of the control knob (1), the output signals being used to control the extent of three or four special effects respectively applied by the digital video effects unit to the image signal. If additionally the control knob (1) is provided with a tracker ball (5), two further output signals can be derived to control the extent of two further special effects. <IMAGE>
Description
CONTROL DEVICES FOR DIGITAL VIDEO EFFECTS UNITS
This invention relates to control devices for digital video effects units.
Digital video effects units are known and are used to apply special effects to a video signal. Such special effects enable an image on a cathode ray tube to be, for example, off-set, that is moved in any direction; scaled, that is expanded or compressed in size; and rolled, that is rotated in two or three dimensions.
These movement effects together require at least four separate controls, because off-setting requires two controls, that is corresponding to movement in one or the other or both of two dimensions.
Various control devices are known for digital video effects units. For example, tracker balls have been used, but these only give two output control signals corresponding respectively to the rotary position of the tracker ball in two dimensions. Joy-sticks with twist action have also been used, and these give three control outputs corresponding respectively to movement of the joy-stick in two dimensions and rotation of the joy-stick.
According to the present invention there is provided in a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal. a control device comprising: a control knob; a mounting for said control knob whereby said control knob can be moved in three dimensions; sensing means for sensing movement of said control knob in three dimensions; means to derive from said sensing means three separate output signals corresponding to movement of said control knob in three dimensions respectively, said three output signals being used to control the extent of three special effects respectively applied by said digital video effects unit to said image signal.
In a first embodiment of the present invention the control knob is rotatably mounted on an arm arrangement comprising first and second arms.
The first arm is hingedly and rotatably mounted on a base. The second arm is hinged at one end to the outer end of the first arm, and the other end of the second arm rotatably carries the control knob. Respective sensors are provided to derive four said output signals in dependence on the rotary angle of the control knob relative to the second arm, the hinge angle of the second arm relative to the first arm, the hinge angle of the first arm relative to the base, and the rotary angle of the first arm relative to the base.
This first embodiment can be modified to provide fifth and sixth output signals if required, by further arranging that the control knob carries a tracker ball, fifth and sixth sensors then being provided to derive the fifth and sixth output signals in dependence on the rotary position of the tracker ball in two dimensions respectively.
In a second embodiment of the present invention the control knob is rotatably mounted on one end of a flexible arm. the other end of which is secured to a base. Respective sensors are provided to derive four said output signals in dependence on the rotary angle of the control knob relative to the flexible arm, and the position of the control knob in three dimensions respectively relative to the Dase.
This second embodiment can be modified in a similar manner to the first embodiment to provide fifth and sixth output signais from a tracKer ball if required.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, throughout which like parts are referred to by like references, and in which:
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically part of a first embodiment of control device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 shows diagrammatically part of a second embodiment of ccntrol device according to the present invention;
Figure 3 shows in block form a circuit arrangement forming part of the second embodiment;
Figure 4 shows diagrammatically part of a third embodiment of control device according to the present invention; and
Figure 5 shows in block form the arrangement of two digital video effects units forming part of the third embodiment.
A digital video effects unit generally operates by converting an input video signal into digitized sample values each having a pixel address, modifying the resulting individual pixel addresses to achieve the required special effect, storing the sample values at the modified pixel addresses in a field store, and reading from the field store to derive the sample values for re-conversion into the required output signal. Digital video effects units are known, and the form of such a unit will not therefore be described in detail in the present specification.
As mentioned above, the special effects which are available enable an image on a cathode ray tube to be off-set, that is moved in any direction; scaled, that is expanded or compressed in size; and rolled, that is rotated in two or three dimensions. Off-setting may be considered as movement in one or the other of two dimensions corresponding respectively to the horizontal and vertical directions of the image on the cathode ray tube, or, for simplicity, the x and y directions. Scaling can be considered as movement in the third dimension normal to the plane of the image on the cathode ray tube, or for simplicity, the z direction. This is because expanding or compressing the image gives the illusion of movement in this third dimension. Rolling can take place about the x, y or z axis.Rotation of an image about the z axis, that is wholly within the xy plane is one effect and will be referred to simply as rotation. Rolling about the x or y axis, which involves the third dimension or z direction, will be referred to as tumbling.
A digital video effects unit which provides for movement of the image in three dimensions therefore requires three command signals, while a digital video effects unit which provides for movement in three dimensions and rotation require four command signals, while a digital effects unit which provides for movement in three dimensions, rotation and tumbling, requires six command signals. For the purpose of the present description it will simply be assumed that the digital video effects units require three to six command signals which indicate the required extents of the respective effects.
Referring to Figure 1, the first embodiment provides four command signals and comprises a control knob 1 mounted on an arm arrangement formed by first and second arms 2 and 3. The first arm 2 is hingedly and rotatably mounted on a base 4 forming part of a control desk of a digital video effects unit. The second arm 3 is hinged at one end to the outer end of the first arm 2, and the other end of the second arm 3 rotatably carries the control knob 1.Respective sensors (not shown) are provided to derive four output signals in dependence on the rotary angle of the control knob 1 relative to the second arm 3, this angle corresponding to rotation # ; the hinge angle of the second arm 3 relative to the first arm 2, this angle corresponding to movement in the y direction; the hinge angle of the first arm 2 relative to the base 4, this angle corresponding to movement in the x direction; and the rotary angle of the first arm 2 relative to the base 4, this angle corresponding to movement in the z direction.
The four sensors used may be of any suitable known form for deriving respective output signals indicating changes in the values of & , x, y and z.
For example, the sensors may be rotary potentiometer transducers providing analogue output signals corresponding to angles, or toothed or sectored optical disc transducers providing digital output signals corresponding to angles. These output signals, after analogue-to-digital conversion if necessary, are supplied to a microprocessor (not shown) which supplies the respective four command signals to the digital video effects unit.
In operation of the first embodiment, the operator grasps the control knob 1 whilst viewing the output image on a monitor screen, and by moving the control knob 1 in three dimensions to cause rotation and hinging of the first arm 2 relative to the base 4 and hinging of the second arm 3 relative to the first arm 2. and by rotation of the control knob 1. four special effects can be controlled as required. The movements of the control knob 1 may.
for example. be related to four special effects as follows. Change of x may correspond to movement of the image in the left and right directions. that is the horizontal direction; change of y may correspond to movement of the image in the top and bottom directions, that is the vertical direction; change of z may correspond to movement of the image in the cepth or z direction: and change of w may correspond to rotation of the image in the xy plane.
This first embodiment can be modified to provide fifth and sixth output signals by arranging that the control knob 1 is additionally provided with a tracker ball 5 mounted in the end of the control knob 1 so as to be rotatable by the thumb. Fifth and sixth sensors are provided to derive output signals corresponding to the rotary position of the tracker ball 5 in two dimensions. These fifth and sixth output signals may be used to provide fifth and sixth command signals for the digital video effects unit to control tumbling.
Alternatively if three or five output signals are required, rotation of the control knob 1 can be omitted without or with provision of the tracker ball 5 respectively.
Referring to Figure 2, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment (or from the modified forms of the first embodiment providing three, five or six output signals) in that the control knob 1 is rotationally mounted on a flexible arm 6, and three of the required output signals are derived by respective phase comparison of signals received at three spaced points from a radio signal transmitter 7 mounted in or at the control knob 1.
The fourth output signal is derived by sensing the rotary angle of the control knob 1 relative to the flexible arm 6, using a sensor as described in connection with the first embodiment. If required, fifth and sixth output signals can be derived, again as described in connection with the first embodiment, by additionally providing a tracker ball 5 mounted in the control knob 1. The structure of the flexible arm 6 is preferably of 'stayput' or restrained form, that is such that when the control knob 1 is moved by the operator to a given position in space relative to the base 4 and then released, the control knob 1 stays at that position. Alternatively, however, the flexible arm 6 may be unrestrainedly flexible, so that on releasing the control knob 1 it returns to a neutral rest position.Clearly this is less convenient, as it means that the control knob 1 cannot be released during a sequence of special effects.
As indicated in Figure 2, the radio signal transmitter 7 is mounted in the inner end of the control knob 1, and radio signal receivers 8, 9 and 10 are positioned at spaced points on the base 4, the spaced points preferably defining a triangle which encloses the point where the flexible arm 6 is secured to the base 4. When the control knob 1 is moved in space, the distances a, b and c from the transmitter 6 to the receivers 8, 9 and 10 respectively change, and by determining these distances a, b and c and deriving signals corresponding respectively to their magnitudes, the other three of the required four, five or six output signals can be derived. The transmitter 6 may, for example, transmit a low power signal at 300 MHz.
Figure 3 shows the necessary circuit arrangement, comprising an oscillator 11 operating at 300 MHz, and the receivers 8, 9 and 10 which are shown as receiving antennae. The antennae 8, 9 and 10 are connected to respective phase comparators 12, 13 and 14 to each of which is also supplied the output signal from the oscillator 11, this signal also being supplied to the transmitter 7 which is shown as a transmitting antenna. Comparison of the phases of the transmitted and received signals by the phase comparators 12, 13 and 14 enable signals corresponding to the distances a, b and c respectively to be derived, and these signals are supplied to a microprocessor 15.The microprocessor 15 derives trigonometrically from the distances a, b and c output signals for controlling three special effects, for example movement in the x, y and z directions, and these signals are supplied to a further microprocessor 16 together with a signal or signals from the sensor or sensors associated with rotation of the control knob 1 and the rotary position of the tracker ball 5 if these facilities are provided. The microprocessor 16 supplies the required command signals to the digital video effects unit.
In operation of the second embodiment, the operator grasps the control knob 1 while viewing the output image on the monitor screen, and by molding the control Knob 1 in three dimensions and by rotating the control knob relative to the flexible arm 6, four special effects can be controlled as required. If the tracker ball 5 is provided, the operator is further able to rotate the tracker ball 5 to provide fifth and sixth control signals so that six special effects can be controlled.
In the case of both the first and second embodiments, it may be considered that movement of the control knob 1 in space causes the viewed picture image to track the movement of the control knob 1 with the operator's physical position as reference.
The third embodiment, shown in Figure 4, duplicates the first embodiment to provide two control knobs la and lb each with the associated arm arrangement, both of which are mounted on the same base 4.
Movement of the control knob la or lb causes a respective set of command signals to be developed as described with reference to the first embodiment.
Tnese sets of command signals can be used in one of two different ways. In the first way, the first set of command signals controls the viewed image, and the other set of command signals controls the observer reference. Thus the observer can, by movement of the control knobs la and lb with his left and right hands respectively, create the illusion in the image of moving around an object which is itself moving. This effect can be achieved by a single digital video effects unit, although it will be understood that duplication of the processing of the pixel addresses is required corresponding respectively to movement of the object and movement of the observer.
Referring also to Figure 5, in the second way, movement of the control knobs la and lb can be used respectively to control two digital video effects units 17 and 18 arranged in tandem, so that more complex special effects can be achieved.
In a modification of the third embodiment, duplication of the second embodiment is used instead of duplication of the first embodiment. In this case, time-division multiplex can be used with the oscillator 11 applying signals to the transmitting antenna 7 associated with the control knob la and a further transmitting antenna 19 associated with the control knob lb.
A multiplex control 20 controls a switch 21 between the oscillator 11 and the antennae 7 and 19, and also controls the microprocessors 15 and 16 to process the received signals and supply the required output command signals in time-division multiplex. It is not necessary to duplicate the receiving antennae 8, 9 and 10.
It will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, other special effects can be substituted for those specifically mentioned above, and other suitable frequencies. sensors and methods of signal processing can be substituted.
Claims (15)
1. In a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal, a control device comprising: a control knob; a mounting for said control knob whereby said control knob can be moved in three dimensions; sensing means for sensing movement of said control knob in three dimensions; means to derive from said sensing means three separate output signals corresponding to movement of said control knob in three dimensions respectively, said three output signals being used to control the extent of three special effects respectively applied by said digital video effects unit to said image signal.
2. A control device according to claim 1 wherein said control knob is mounted on an arm arrangement comprising first and second arms. said first arm is hingedly and rotatably mounted on a base, said second arm is hinged at one end to the other end of said first arm, and the other end of said second arm carries said control knob.
3. control device according to claim 2 wherein respective sensors are provided to derive said three output signals in dependence on the the hinge angle of said second arm relative to said first arm, the hinge angle of said first arm relative to said base, and the rotary angle of said first arm relative to said base, respectively.
4. A control device according to claim 1 wherein said mounting is such that said control knob can be rotated, and further comprising a further said sensor for deriving a further said output signal corresponding to rotation of said control knob.
5. A control device according to claim 3 or claim 4 further comprising a tracker ball mounted in said control knob, and two further said sensors for deriving two further said output signals respectively in dependence on the rotary position of said tracker ball in two dimensions respectively.
6. A control device according to claim 3, claim 4 or claim 5 wherein each of said sensors comprises a rotary potentiometer transducer.
7. A control device according to claim 3, claim 4 or claim 5 wherein each of said sensors comprises an optical rotary disc transducer.
8. A control device according to claim 1 wherein said control knob is mounted on one end of a flexible arm, the other end of which is secured to a base.
9. A control device according to claim 8 wherein respective sensors are provided to derive said three output signals in dependence on the position of said control knob in three dimensions respectively relative to said base.
10. A control device according to claim 9 wherein said mounting is such that said control knob can be rotated, and further comprising a further said sensor for deriving a further said output signal corresponding to rotation of said control knob.
11. A control device according to claim 9 or claim 10 further comprising a tracker ball mounted in said control knob, and two further said sensors for deriving two further said output signals respectively in dependence on the rotary position of said tracker ball in two dimensions respectively.
12. A control device according to claim 9, claim 10 or claim 11 wherein said sensors to derive the three output signals in dependence on the position of said control knob in three dimensions respectively relative to said base comprise a radio signal transmitter mounted at said control knob, three spaced signal receivers associated with said base, and means to derive said three output signals in dependence on the phase differences between a transmitted signal and signals received at said three signal receivers respectively.
13. In a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal, a control device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
14. In a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal, a control device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
15. In a digital video effects unit for applying special effects to an image signal, a control device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8628145A GB2198216B (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1986-11-25 | Digital video effects units. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8628145A GB2198216B (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1986-11-25 | Digital video effects units. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8628145D0 GB8628145D0 (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| GB2198216A true GB2198216A (en) | 1988-06-08 |
| GB2198216B GB2198216B (en) | 1991-01-23 |
Family
ID=10607894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8628145A Expired GB2198216B (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1986-11-25 | Digital video effects units. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2198216B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210145A (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-06-01 | Cheetah Marketing Ltd | Improvements in joysticks for computer games |
| WO1991001935A1 (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-02-21 | Macmillan Bloedel Limited | Cable machine control |
| GB2291166A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1996-01-17 | Virtuality | Thumb-controllable haptic computer input device eg for virtual reality |
| US5652603A (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1997-07-29 | Abrams; Daniel Lawrence | 3-D computer input device |
| GB2450103A (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-17 | Dublin Inst Of Technology | A dual analogue controller games in the form of an action figure, robot or animal |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3707093A (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1972-12-26 | Marotta Scientific Controls | Multi-power control system with single control stick |
| GB1473063A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-05-11 | Niigata Engineering Co Ltd | Control apparatus for manoueuvring a ship |
| GB1560824A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1980-02-13 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Video game apparatus |
| US4216467A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-08-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Hand controller |
| US4281561A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-08-04 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Three axes controller |
| GB2122731A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1984-01-18 | Marconi Avionics | Angular position sensor |
-
1986
- 1986-11-25 GB GB8628145A patent/GB2198216B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3707093A (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1972-12-26 | Marotta Scientific Controls | Multi-power control system with single control stick |
| GB1473063A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-05-11 | Niigata Engineering Co Ltd | Control apparatus for manoueuvring a ship |
| GB1560824A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1980-02-13 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Video game apparatus |
| US4216467A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-08-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Hand controller |
| US4281561A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-08-04 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Three axes controller |
| GB2122731A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1984-01-18 | Marconi Avionics | Angular position sensor |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210145A (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-06-01 | Cheetah Marketing Ltd | Improvements in joysticks for computer games |
| WO1991001935A1 (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-02-21 | Macmillan Bloedel Limited | Cable machine control |
| US5652603A (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1997-07-29 | Abrams; Daniel Lawrence | 3-D computer input device |
| GB2291166A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1996-01-17 | Virtuality | Thumb-controllable haptic computer input device eg for virtual reality |
| GB2450103A (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-17 | Dublin Inst Of Technology | A dual analogue controller games in the form of an action figure, robot or animal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2198216B (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| GB8628145D0 (en) | 1986-12-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20061124 |