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GB2091291A - Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil comprising Ca and Fe salts - Google Patents

Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil comprising Ca and Fe salts Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2091291A
GB2091291A GB8200915A GB8200915A GB2091291A GB 2091291 A GB2091291 A GB 2091291A GB 8200915 A GB8200915 A GB 8200915A GB 8200915 A GB8200915 A GB 8200915A GB 2091291 A GB2091291 A GB 2091291A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
additive
diesel fuel
fuel oil
calcium
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8200915A
Other versions
GB2091291B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Drew Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Drew Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Drew Chemical Corp filed Critical Drew Chemical Corp
Publication of GB2091291A publication Critical patent/GB2091291A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2091291B publication Critical patent/GB2091291B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The combustion of a diesel fuel oil is improved by an additive comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dispersible iron compound. Such improved combustion is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved smoke suppression and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved engine efficiency.

Description

SPECIFICATION Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil This invention relates to improving the combustion of a fuel oil in engines.
Diesel fuel oils are currently employed for the propulsion of vehicles; in particular, automotive vehicles (cars and trucks) railroad engines, and ships. As a result of the current energy problems, there is a need to improve the combustion efficiency of such fuels.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion improving additive for a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles and ships which is comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dispersible iron compound in an amount effective to improve the combustion of a diesel fuel oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved fuel which is a diesel fuel oil for the propulsion of vehicles or ships having calcium and iron dissolved or dispersed therein in an amount effective to improve the combustion efficiency of such diesel fuel oil.
The fuel oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil. As representative examples of suitable organic and inorganic calcium compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be mentioned: Calcium Sulfonate Calcium Naphthenate Calcium Carboxylate Calcium Carbonate Calcium Hydroxide The fuel oil soluble or dispersible iron compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil.As representative examples of suitable organic and inorganic iron compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be mentioned: Iron Naphthenate Ferrocene Iron Oxide The selection of a combination of oil soluble or dispersible calcium and iron compounds for a particular diesel fuel oil is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein. The preferred combination is represented by calcium sulfonate and iron naphthenate.
Applicant has found that the use of a combination of the iron and calcium compound provides an unexpected improvement in combustion efficiency of a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles, or ships which could not be achieved by using one of the compounds in the absence of the other. Such improved combustion efficiency is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved smoke suppression and/or improved engine efficiency.
The fuel additive includes the iron and calcium compounds in effective combustion improving amounts. In general, the ratio of calcium to iron is from 0.01:1 to 100:1, and preferably 1:1 to 10:1 (weight basis). The selection of an optimum ratio for any particular application is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The fuel additive is preferably employed as a liquid additive comprised of the iron and calcium compound dissolved in an oil which is soluble in the diesel fuel oil. Any one of a wide variety of oils may be employed, and as representative examples of such oils there may be mentioned: light diesel oil, process oils, naphthenic oils.
Applicant has found that the use of such additives improves the combustion efficiency of the diesel fuel oil as evidenced by reduced smoke emission and/or increased fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness (reduced engine deposits) and/or improved engine efficiency. In addition, the iron and calcium combustion product (iron and calcium oxide) are relatively innocuous in the engine exhaust. As a result, improved combustion is obtained with the use of an additive which will not adversely affect the environment.
The additive is added to the diesel fuel oil to provide a combustion improvement amount of iron and calcium dissolved or dispersed in the diesel fuel oil. In general, improved combustion efficiency is obtained by employing at least 5 ppm of the iron and at least 5 ppm of the calcium in the diesel fuel oil (weight basis). In most cases, the calcium and iron are employed in amounts of at least 50 ppm and at least 5 ppm, respectively. The calcium and iron are generally not added in an amount in excess of 100 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively, in that no added beneficial effect is obtained by increasing the amount of additive. The selection of optimum amounts of the additive is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The additive may also include other components which may be normally added to a diesel fuel oil.
As representative examples of such materials, there may be mentioned: dispersants and emulsifiers.
Although the additive may be employed for any one of a wide variety of diesel fuel oils, the additive is particularly suited for a light diesel fuel oil for high speed engines (operating at over 550 rpm), such as in an automotive or railroad engine.
The present invention will be further described with respect to the following examples; however, the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby: EXAMPLE 1 A mixture was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound (calcium sulfonate) and an oil soluble iron compound (iron naphthenate) at a weight ratio of 8 :1 respectively. The mixture was diluted with diesel oil to produce an additive containing 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron. The additive was submitted to an independent research laboratory for smoke suppression testing. The format of the evaluation follows: 1. The testing was performed with a Caterpillar 1 Y73 test engine. The base fuel was Howell hydrocarbons Cat 1-G2. A Bosch FAW-68A Smoke Meter was used to measure smoke density.
2. Two hour run on base fuel (Cat 1-G2) - All engine operating conditions were maintained with continuous monitoring of engine exhaust smoke to establish a base line smoke level.
3. Two hour run on base fuel + additive blended at 600:1 - (1 part of additive to 600 parts of base fuel by volume). With all engine operating conditions maintained constant as with the base fuel run, the fuel was switched to a 600:1 blend. Engine exhaust smoke continuously monitored.
4. Two hourrun on base fuel + additive blended at 400:1 - (1 part of additive to 400 parts of base fuel by volume). With all engine operating conditions maintained constant as with the base fuel run, the fuel was switched to a 400:1 blend. Engine exhaust smoke was continuously monitored.
Measured Exhaust Smoke Levels Run No. 2 Run No. 3 Run No. 1 Base + Additive Measurement Base Fuel 600:1 400 :1 1 2.4 1.6 2 2.4 1.7 1.7 3 2.4 1.6 1.7 4 2.3 1.4 1.5 5 2.4 1.6 1.5 6 2.4 1.6 1.7 7 2.3 1.9 8 2.6 1.6 9 2.4 1.5 1.5 10 2.5 1.5 1.6 x=2.41 x = 1.60 x = 1.60 = 0.088 = 0.141 = 0.141 = 0.093 The data indicate a 34% reduction in the smoke level using the additive.
EXAMPLE 2 An additive was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron compound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive contained 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron by weight.
The additive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1000 parts fuel by volume. The additive was evaluated for a total of 15 consecutive months. The truck engines were Cummins 270 and Cummins 290. Mileage per gallon of fuel consumed data were recorded on a daily basis. An average of 4.3% improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Additionally, after 12 months of additive use, one truck was taken out-of-service and the engine overhauled and inspected. There were not any deposits on the internals of the engine.
EXAMPLE 3 An additive was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron compound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive contained 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron by weight.
The additive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1 000 parts fuel by volume. The additive was evaluated for 10 consecutive months. Mileage per gallon of fuel consumed data were recorded for each trip. The truck engines were Caterpillar 325. An average of 1 1.0% improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and, therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as particularly described.

Claims (8)

1. A combustion improving additive for a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles, and ships comprising: (a) an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound; and (b) an oil soluble or dispersible iron compound, said (a) and (b) being present in an amount effective to improve the combustion of a diesel fuel oil.
2. The additive of Claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of calcium compound to iron compound is from 0.01:1 to 100:1.
3. The additive of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said weight ratio is from 1:1 to 10:1.
4. The additive of any one of the preceding claims wherein the calcium compound is calcium sulfonate.
5. The additive of any one of the preceding claims wherein the iron compound is iron naphthenate.
6. The additive of any one of the preceding claims wherein the additive is a liquid additive and said calcium and iron compounds are dissolved in an oil which is soluble in the diesel fuel oil.
7. A process for improving the combustion of a diesel fuel oil which comprises adding a combustion improving additive of any one of the preceding claims to the diesel fuel oil.
8. A diesel fuel oil containing an additive according to any one of Claims 1 through 6.
GB8200915A 1981-01-15 1982-01-13 Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil comprising ca and fe salts Expired GB2091291B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22538881A 1981-01-15 1981-01-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2091291A true GB2091291A (en) 1982-07-28
GB2091291B GB2091291B (en) 1985-07-17

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GB8200915A Expired GB2091291B (en) 1981-01-15 1982-01-13 Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil comprising ca and fe salts

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JP (1) JPS57164190A (en)
BE (1) BE891782A (en)
CA (1) CA1180185A (en)
CH (1) CH648057A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3200588A1 (en)
DK (1) DK10182A (en)
FR (1) FR2497820B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2091291B (en)
IT (1) IT1149555B (en)
NL (1) NL8200067A (en)
NO (1) NO820107L (en)
SE (1) SE8200145L (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288296A1 (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-10-26 Bp Chemicals (Additives) Limited Fuel composition containing an additive for reducing valve seat recession
FR2632966A1 (en) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-22 Bycosin Kemi Ab Iron hydroxide dispersions usable as additives which improve combustion
FR2751662A1 (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-01-30 Total Raffinage Distribution MIXED ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOSITION, COMPRISING AT LEAST THREE METALS, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS AS ADDITIVES FOR FUELS OR FUELS
WO1999036488A1 (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-07-22 The Associated Octel Company Limited Fuel additives
WO2000058422A1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-05 Infineum International Limited Fuel oil compositions
WO2002012417A1 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Cesare Pedrazzini Additive for reducing particulate in emissions deriving from the combustion of diesel oil
US6652609B1 (en) 1997-07-15 2003-11-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil compositions
EP1506993A1 (en) 2003-08-14 2005-02-16 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Method and fuel additive including iron naphthenate
US6866010B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2005-03-15 Sfa International, Inc. Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from compression-ignited reciprocating engines operating on liquid petroleum fuels
US7229482B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2007-06-12 Sfa International, Inc. Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from steam boilers and heaters operating on solid fossil fuels
WO2008073017A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Geomar Ab Fuel or crude oil additive and fuel or crude oil composition comprising said additive
US7494959B2 (en) * 2005-08-10 2009-02-24 Advanced Lubrication Technology Inc. Multi-phase lubricant compositions containing emulsified boric acid
WO2010092401A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Innospec Limited Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal
US7972393B2 (en) 2005-08-10 2011-07-05 Advanced Lubrication Technology, Inc. Compositions comprising boric acid
US8211190B2 (en) 1999-03-26 2012-07-03 Infineum International Limited Fuel oil compositions

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010163529A (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-29 Taihokohzai:Kk Fuel additive

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH430014A (en) * 1964-04-09 1967-02-15 Autol Ag Additive for industrial heating oil
FR2172797A1 (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-10-05 Gamlen Naintre Sa Oil-sol ferric salts of org acids - for use as paint and varnish siccatives and fuel additives
US3883320A (en) * 1972-12-07 1975-05-13 Standard Oil Co Reducing deposits and smoke from jet fuels with additives incorporating an ammonium salt
DK130016B (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-12-09 N Ringsted Use of oil-soluble alkaline earth metal salts as an additive to fuel oil.

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288296A1 (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-10-26 Bp Chemicals (Additives) Limited Fuel composition containing an additive for reducing valve seat recession
FR2632966A1 (en) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-22 Bycosin Kemi Ab Iron hydroxide dispersions usable as additives which improve combustion
FR2751662A1 (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-01-30 Total Raffinage Distribution MIXED ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOSITION, COMPRISING AT LEAST THREE METALS, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS AS ADDITIVES FOR FUELS OR FUELS
WO1998004655A1 (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-05 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Mixed organometallic compositions including at least three metals, and uses thereof as fuel additives
US6096104A (en) * 1996-07-29 2000-08-01 Total Raffinage Distribution S.A. Mixed organometallic compositions including at least three metals, and uses thereof as fuel additives
CN1086730C (en) * 1996-07-29 2002-06-26 多塔乐精制销售有限公司 Mixed organometallic compositions including at least three metals, and use thereof as fuel additives
US6652609B1 (en) 1997-07-15 2003-11-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil compositions
WO1999036488A1 (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-07-22 The Associated Octel Company Limited Fuel additives
AU752708B2 (en) * 1998-01-15 2002-09-26 Innospec Limited Fuel additives
US6488725B1 (en) 1998-01-15 2002-12-03 The Associated Octel Company Limited Fuel additives
WO2000058422A1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-05 Infineum International Limited Fuel oil compositions
US8211190B2 (en) 1999-03-26 2012-07-03 Infineum International Limited Fuel oil compositions
US7524338B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2009-04-28 Cesare Pedrazzini Additive for reducing particulate in emissions deriving from the combustion of diesel oil or fuel oil having a metallic oxidation catalyst, at least one organic nitrate, and a dispersing agent
WO2002012417A1 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Cesare Pedrazzini Additive for reducing particulate in emissions deriving from the combustion of diesel oil
US6866010B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2005-03-15 Sfa International, Inc. Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from compression-ignited reciprocating engines operating on liquid petroleum fuels
US7229482B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2007-06-12 Sfa International, Inc. Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from steam boilers and heaters operating on solid fossil fuels
US7300477B2 (en) 2003-08-14 2007-11-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Method and fuel additive including iron naphthenate
EP1506993A1 (en) 2003-08-14 2005-02-16 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Method and fuel additive including iron naphthenate
US7494959B2 (en) * 2005-08-10 2009-02-24 Advanced Lubrication Technology Inc. Multi-phase lubricant compositions containing emulsified boric acid
US7972393B2 (en) 2005-08-10 2011-07-05 Advanced Lubrication Technology, Inc. Compositions comprising boric acid
WO2008073017A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Geomar Ab Fuel or crude oil additive and fuel or crude oil composition comprising said additive
WO2010092401A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Innospec Limited Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal
CN102348787A (en) * 2009-02-16 2012-02-08 英诺斯派有限公司 Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal
US8845767B2 (en) 2009-02-16 2014-09-30 Innospec Limited Methods of treating coal to improve combustion and reduce carbon content of fly ash

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK10182A (en) 1982-07-16
GB2091291B (en) 1985-07-17
NO820107L (en) 1982-07-16
SE8200145L (en) 1982-07-16
CA1180185A (en) 1985-01-02
FR2497820B1 (en) 1986-09-26
IT1149555B (en) 1986-12-03
CH648057A5 (en) 1985-02-28
IT8219107A0 (en) 1982-01-14
NL8200067A (en) 1982-08-02
JPS57164190A (en) 1982-10-08
BE891782A (en) 1982-04-30
FR2497820A1 (en) 1982-07-16
DE3200588A1 (en) 1982-08-26

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