CA1180185A - Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil - Google Patents
Combustion additive for diesel fuel oilInfo
- Publication number
- CA1180185A CA1180185A CA000394195A CA394195A CA1180185A CA 1180185 A CA1180185 A CA 1180185A CA 000394195 A CA000394195 A CA 000394195A CA 394195 A CA394195 A CA 394195A CA 1180185 A CA1180185 A CA 1180185A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- diesel fuel
- additive
- fuel oil
- oil
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035115 Testin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710070533 Testin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBYOLNPZXLHVQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HBYOLNPZXLHVQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
EMO:sa COMBUSTION ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUEL OIL
Abstract of the Disclosure The combustion of a diesel fuel oil of a type employed for propulsion of vehicles and ships is improved by the use of an additive comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dis-persible iron compound. Such improved combustion is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved smoke suppression and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved engine efficiency.
Abstract of the Disclosure The combustion of a diesel fuel oil of a type employed for propulsion of vehicles and ships is improved by the use of an additive comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dis-persible iron compound. Such improved combustion is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved smoke suppression and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved engine efficiency.
Description
This invention relates to improving the combustion of a fuel oil in engines.
Diesel fuel cils are currently employed for the propulsion of vehicles; in particular, automotive vehicles (cars and trucks) railroad engines, and ships. As a result of the current energy problems, there is a need to improve the combustion efficiency of such fuels.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion improving addi-tive for a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion ofvehicles and ships which is comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dispers-ible iron compound in an amount effective to improve the combustion of a diesel fuel oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved fuel which is a die-sel fuel oil for the propulsion of vehicles or ships having calcium and iron dissolved or dispersed therein in an amount effective to improve the combustion efficiency of such diesel fuel oil.
The fuel oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil. As represen-tative examples of suitable organic and inor~anic calcium compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be men-tioned:
Calcium Sulfonate Calcium Naphthenate Calcium Carboxylate Calcium Carbonate Calcium ~Iydroxide The fuel oil soluble or dlspersible iron compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil. As repre-sentative examples of suitable organic and inorganic iron compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be mentioned:
Iron ~lapthenate Ferrocene Iron Oxide The selection of a combination of oil soluble or dispersible calcium and iron compounds for a particular diesel fuel oil is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein. The pre-ferred combination is represented by calcium sulfonate and iron naphthenate.
Applicant has found that the use of a combination of the iron and calcium compound provides an unexpected improvement in combustion efficiency of a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles, or ships which could not be achieved by using one of the compounds in the absence of the other. Such improved combustion effi-ciency is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved smoke supp-ression ar.d/or improved engine efficiency.
The fuèl additive includes the iron and calcium compounds in effective combustion improving amounts. In general, the ratio of calcium to iron is fromO.01:1 to 100:1, and preferably 1:1 to 10:1 (weight basis). The selection of an optimum ratio for any particular application is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The fuel additive is preferably employed as a S liquid additive comprised of the iron and calcium com-pound dissolved in an oil which is soluble in the diesel fuel oil. Any one of a wide variety of oils may be em-ployed, and as representative examples of such oils there may be mentioned: light diesel oil, process oils, naphthenic oils.
Applicant has found that the use of such additives improves the combustion efficiency of the diesel fuel oil as evidenced by reduced smoke emission and/or increased fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness (reduced engine desposits) and/or improved engine efficiency. In addition, the iron and calcium combustion product (iron and calcium oxide) are relatively innocuous in the engine exhaust. As a resutl, improved combustion is obtained with the use of an addltive which will not adversely affect the environment.
The additive is added to the diesel fuel oil to pro-vide a combustion improvement amount of iron and calcium dissolved or dispersed in the diesel fuel oil. In general, improved combustion efficiency is obtained by e~ploying at least 5 ppm of the iron and at least 5 ppm of the calcium in the diesel fuel oil (weight basis). In most cases, the calcium and iron are employed in amounts of at least 50 ppm ~8~
and at least 5 ppm, respectively. The calciur~ and iron are generally not added in an amount in exccss of 100 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively, in that no added beneficial effect is obtained by increasing the amount of addi-tive.
The selection of optimum amounts of the additlve is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The additive may also include other components which may be normally added to a diesel fuel oil. As represen-tative examples of such materials, there may be mentioned:dispersants and emulsifiers.
Although the additive may be employed for any one of a wide variety of diesel fuel oils, the additive is particularly suited for a light diesel ~uel oil for high speed engines (operating at over 550 rpm), such as in an automotive or railroad engine.
The present invention will be further described with respect to the following examples; however, the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby:
A mixture was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound (calcium sulfonate) and an oil soluhle iron compound (iron napthenate) at a weig~t ratio of 8:1 respectively. The mixture was diluted with diesel oil to produce an additive containing 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron. The additive was submitted to an independent s research laboratory ~or smoke suppression testing. The format of the evaluation follows:
1. The testin~ was performed with a Caterpillar lY73 test engine. The base fuel was Howell hydrocarbons Cat l-G2. A Bosch ~FAI~J-68A
Smoke Meter was used to measure smoke density.
Diesel fuel cils are currently employed for the propulsion of vehicles; in particular, automotive vehicles (cars and trucks) railroad engines, and ships. As a result of the current energy problems, there is a need to improve the combustion efficiency of such fuels.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion improving addi-tive for a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion ofvehicles and ships which is comprised of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound and an oil soluble or dispers-ible iron compound in an amount effective to improve the combustion of a diesel fuel oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved fuel which is a die-sel fuel oil for the propulsion of vehicles or ships having calcium and iron dissolved or dispersed therein in an amount effective to improve the combustion efficiency of such diesel fuel oil.
The fuel oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil. As represen-tative examples of suitable organic and inor~anic calcium compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be men-tioned:
Calcium Sulfonate Calcium Naphthenate Calcium Carboxylate Calcium Carbonate Calcium ~Iydroxide The fuel oil soluble or dlspersible iron compound may be any one of a wide variety of compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil. As repre-sentative examples of suitable organic and inorganic iron compounds which are soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel oil, there may be mentioned:
Iron ~lapthenate Ferrocene Iron Oxide The selection of a combination of oil soluble or dispersible calcium and iron compounds for a particular diesel fuel oil is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein. The pre-ferred combination is represented by calcium sulfonate and iron naphthenate.
Applicant has found that the use of a combination of the iron and calcium compound provides an unexpected improvement in combustion efficiency of a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles, or ships which could not be achieved by using one of the compounds in the absence of the other. Such improved combustion effi-ciency is evidenced by improved fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness and/or improved smoke supp-ression ar.d/or improved engine efficiency.
The fuèl additive includes the iron and calcium compounds in effective combustion improving amounts. In general, the ratio of calcium to iron is fromO.01:1 to 100:1, and preferably 1:1 to 10:1 (weight basis). The selection of an optimum ratio for any particular application is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The fuel additive is preferably employed as a S liquid additive comprised of the iron and calcium com-pound dissolved in an oil which is soluble in the diesel fuel oil. Any one of a wide variety of oils may be em-ployed, and as representative examples of such oils there may be mentioned: light diesel oil, process oils, naphthenic oils.
Applicant has found that the use of such additives improves the combustion efficiency of the diesel fuel oil as evidenced by reduced smoke emission and/or increased fuel mileage and/or improved engine cleanliness (reduced engine desposits) and/or improved engine efficiency. In addition, the iron and calcium combustion product (iron and calcium oxide) are relatively innocuous in the engine exhaust. As a resutl, improved combustion is obtained with the use of an addltive which will not adversely affect the environment.
The additive is added to the diesel fuel oil to pro-vide a combustion improvement amount of iron and calcium dissolved or dispersed in the diesel fuel oil. In general, improved combustion efficiency is obtained by e~ploying at least 5 ppm of the iron and at least 5 ppm of the calcium in the diesel fuel oil (weight basis). In most cases, the calcium and iron are employed in amounts of at least 50 ppm ~8~
and at least 5 ppm, respectively. The calciur~ and iron are generally not added in an amount in exccss of 100 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively, in that no added beneficial effect is obtained by increasing the amount of addi-tive.
The selection of optimum amounts of the additlve is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
The additive may also include other components which may be normally added to a diesel fuel oil. As represen-tative examples of such materials, there may be mentioned:dispersants and emulsifiers.
Although the additive may be employed for any one of a wide variety of diesel fuel oils, the additive is particularly suited for a light diesel ~uel oil for high speed engines (operating at over 550 rpm), such as in an automotive or railroad engine.
The present invention will be further described with respect to the following examples; however, the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby:
A mixture was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound (calcium sulfonate) and an oil soluhle iron compound (iron napthenate) at a weig~t ratio of 8:1 respectively. The mixture was diluted with diesel oil to produce an additive containing 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron. The additive was submitted to an independent s research laboratory ~or smoke suppression testing. The format of the evaluation follows:
1. The testin~ was performed with a Caterpillar lY73 test engine. The base fuel was Howell hydrocarbons Cat l-G2. A Bosch ~FAI~J-68A
Smoke Meter was used to measure smoke density.
2. Two hour run on base fuel (Cat l-G2) - All engine operating conditions were maintained with continuous monitoring of engine exhaust smoke to establish a base line smoke level.
3. Two hour run on base fuel + additive blended at 600:1 - (1 part of additive to 600 parts of base fuel by volume) With all engine operating conditions maintained constant as with the base fuel run, the fuel was switched to a 600:1 blend.
Engine exhaust smoke continuously monitored.
Engine exhaust smoke continuously monitored.
4. Two hour run on base fuel ~ additive blended at 400:1 - (1 part of additive to 400 parts of base fuel by volume) With all engine operating conditions maintained constant as with the base fuel run, the fuel was switched to a 400:1 blend. Engine exhaust smoke was continuously monitored.
* Trade~arks ~i .
ME~SU~ED E~IIAUST SMOKE l,EVELS
Run No.2 Run No.3 Run No. 1 Base ~ Additive Measurement Base Fuel 600:1 400:1 1 2.4 1.6 2 2.4 1.7 1.7 3 2.4 1.6 1.7 4 2.3 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.5 6 2.4 1.6 1.7 7 2.3 1.9 8 2.6 1.6 g 2.4 1.5 1,5 2.5 1.5 1.6 15 x = 2.41 x = 1.60 x = 1.60 ~ = 0.083 ~ = 0.141 ~= 0.093 The data indicate a 34% reduction in the smoke level using the additive.
EX~MPLE 2 An additive was prepared by blending an oi]
soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron com-pound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive con-tained 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron by weight. The addi-' tive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1000 parts fuel by volume. The additive was evaluated for a total of 15 consecutive months. The truck engines were Cummins 270 and Cummins 290. Mileage per gallon of fuel consumcd data were recorded on a daily basis. An average of 4.3, improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Additionally, after 12 months of additive use, one truck was taken out-of-service and the engine over-hauled and inspected. There were not an~ deposits on the S internals of the engine.
E~A~.PLE 3 An additive was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron com-pound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive con-tained 4.8~ calcium and 0.6~ iron by weight. The addi-tive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1000 parts fuel by volume.
The additive was evaluated for 10 consecutive months.
Mileage per gallon of fuel consumed data were recorded for each trip. The truck engines were Caterpillar 325. An average of 11.0~ improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and, therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as particularly described.
* Trade~arks ~i .
ME~SU~ED E~IIAUST SMOKE l,EVELS
Run No.2 Run No.3 Run No. 1 Base ~ Additive Measurement Base Fuel 600:1 400:1 1 2.4 1.6 2 2.4 1.7 1.7 3 2.4 1.6 1.7 4 2.3 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.5 6 2.4 1.6 1.7 7 2.3 1.9 8 2.6 1.6 g 2.4 1.5 1,5 2.5 1.5 1.6 15 x = 2.41 x = 1.60 x = 1.60 ~ = 0.083 ~ = 0.141 ~= 0.093 The data indicate a 34% reduction in the smoke level using the additive.
EX~MPLE 2 An additive was prepared by blending an oi]
soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron com-pound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive con-tained 4.8% calcium and 0.6% iron by weight. The addi-' tive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1000 parts fuel by volume. The additive was evaluated for a total of 15 consecutive months. The truck engines were Cummins 270 and Cummins 290. Mileage per gallon of fuel consumcd data were recorded on a daily basis. An average of 4.3, improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Additionally, after 12 months of additive use, one truck was taken out-of-service and the engine over-hauled and inspected. There were not an~ deposits on the S internals of the engine.
E~A~.PLE 3 An additive was prepared by blending an oil soluble calcium compound and an oil soluble iron com-pound in diesel oil as in Example 1. The additive con-tained 4.8~ calcium and 0.6~ iron by weight. The addi-tive was evaluated on a fleet of trucks at a dosage rate of 1 part additive to 1000 parts fuel by volume.
The additive was evaluated for 10 consecutive months.
Mileage per gallon of fuel consumed data were recorded for each trip. The truck engines were Caterpillar 325. An average of 11.0~ improvement in mileage per gallon of fuel consumed was recorded.
Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and, therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as particularly described.
Claims (7)
1. A process for improving the combustion of a diesel fuel oil employed for the propulsion of vehicles, and ships comprising:
(a) adding to the diesel fuel oil a combustion improving additive of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound; and (b) an oil soluble or dispersible iron compound, said (a) and (b) being present in an amount effective to im-prove the combustion of a diesel fuel oil, said components (a) and (b) each being present in an amount of at least 5 ppm.
and no greater than 100 p.p.m.
(a) adding to the diesel fuel oil a combustion improving additive of an oil soluble or dispersible calcium compound; and (b) an oil soluble or dispersible iron compound, said (a) and (b) being present in an amount effective to im-prove the combustion of a diesel fuel oil, said components (a) and (b) each being present in an amount of at least 5 ppm.
and no greater than 100 p.p.m.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the iron compound is iron naphthenate.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the calcium compound is calcium sulfonate.
4. The process of claims 1,2 or 3 wherein the weight ratio of calcium compound to iron compound is from 0.01:1 to 100:1.
5. The process of claims 1,2 or 3 wherein said ratio is from 1:1 to 10:1.
6. The process of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the additive is a liquid additive and said calcium and iron compounds are dissolved in an oil which is soluble in the diesel fuel oil.
7. A diesel fuel oil having improved combustion pro-perties prepared by the process of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22538881A | 1981-01-15 | 1981-01-15 | |
| US225,388 | 1981-01-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1180185A true CA1180185A (en) | 1985-01-02 |
Family
ID=22844672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000394195A Expired CA1180185A (en) | 1981-01-15 | 1982-01-14 | Combustion additive for diesel fuel oil |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57164190A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE891782A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180185A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH648057A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3200588A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK10182A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2497820B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2091291B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1149555B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8200067A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO820107L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8200145L (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0288296B2 (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1999-03-31 | Lubrizol Adibis Holdings (Uk) Limited | Fuel composition containing an additive for reducing valve seat recession |
| FR2632966B1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-11-16 | Bycosin Kemi Ab | IRON HYDROXIDE DISPERSIONS USEFUL AS COMBUSTION ADDITIVES |
| FR2751662B1 (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-10-23 | Total Raffinage Distribution | MIXED ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING AT LEAST THREE METALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS AS ADDITIVES FOR FUELS OR FUELS |
| GB9714828D0 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-09-17 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Improved fuel oil compositions |
| DE69907138T2 (en) | 1998-01-15 | 2004-02-19 | The Associated Octel Co. Ltd. | FUEL ADDITIVES |
| GB9907058D0 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 1999-05-19 | Infineum Uk Ltd | Fuel oil compositions |
| US8211190B2 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2012-07-03 | Infineum International Limited | Fuel oil compositions |
| IT1318868B1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2003-09-10 | Cesare Pedrazzini | ADDITIVE TO REDUCE THE PARTICULATE IN THE EMISSIONS RESULTING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF DIESEL AND FUEL OIL AND FUEL COMPOSITION |
| CN100354395C (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2007-12-12 | Sfa国际公司 | Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions for compression-ignited reciprocating engines |
| US7229482B2 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2007-06-12 | Sfa International, Inc. | Method of reducing smoke and particulate emissions from steam boilers and heaters operating on solid fossil fuels |
| US7300477B2 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2007-11-27 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method and fuel additive including iron naphthenate |
| US7972393B2 (en) | 2005-08-10 | 2011-07-05 | Advanced Lubrication Technology, Inc. | Compositions comprising boric acid |
| US7494959B2 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2009-02-24 | Advanced Lubrication Technology Inc. | Multi-phase lubricant compositions containing emulsified boric acid |
| SE530604C2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-07-15 | Geomar Ab | Fuel or crude oil additive and fuel or crude oil composition including said additive |
| JP2010163529A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-29 | Taihokohzai:Kk | Fuel additive |
| GB0902517D0 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2009-04-01 | Innospec Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH430014A (en) * | 1964-04-09 | 1967-02-15 | Autol Ag | Additive for industrial heating oil |
| FR2172797A1 (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-10-05 | Gamlen Naintre Sa | Oil-sol ferric salts of org acids - for use as paint and varnish siccatives and fuel additives |
| US3883320A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1975-05-13 | Standard Oil Co | Reducing deposits and smoke from jet fuels with additives incorporating an ammonium salt |
| DK130016B (en) * | 1973-03-15 | 1974-12-09 | N Ringsted | Use of oil-soluble alkaline earth metal salts as an additive to fuel oil. |
-
1982
- 1982-01-08 NL NL8200067A patent/NL8200067A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-12 DE DE19823200588 patent/DE3200588A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-01-12 DK DK10182A patent/DK10182A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-13 BE BE0/207057A patent/BE891782A/en unknown
- 1982-01-13 SE SE8200145A patent/SE8200145L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-13 GB GB8200915A patent/GB2091291B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-14 IT IT19107/82A patent/IT1149555B/en active
- 1982-01-14 CH CH204/82A patent/CH648057A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-14 FR FR8200540A patent/FR2497820B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-14 NO NO820107A patent/NO820107L/en unknown
- 1982-01-14 CA CA000394195A patent/CA1180185A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-14 JP JP57003550A patent/JPS57164190A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK10182A (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| GB2091291B (en) | 1985-07-17 |
| NO820107L (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| SE8200145L (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| FR2497820B1 (en) | 1986-09-26 |
| IT1149555B (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| GB2091291A (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| CH648057A5 (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| IT8219107A0 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
| NL8200067A (en) | 1982-08-02 |
| JPS57164190A (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| BE891782A (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| FR2497820A1 (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| DE3200588A1 (en) | 1982-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |