FR3062402A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COCKPIT. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing support abutments 6 of a needle 2 on a counter-needle 3, comprising the following steps: - positioning the needle 2 bears against the needle against 3; measuring, for each hole 8 provided for fixing a stop 6, a bearing distance L, between the inner surface of the counter-needle 3 and the inner surface of the needle 2; constructing a bending curve from the bearing distances L and the positions of the holes 8 along the counter-needle 3; and, - calculating for each stop 6, from the bending curve, the angle of a bearing surface of the abutment against the needle 2. Such a method makes it possible to achieve stops with the desired geometric tolerances, without recovery on site.

Description

© Agent (s): CABINET MOUTARD.

FR 3 062 402 - A1 (54) PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A NEEDLE HOLDER.

(57) The invention relates to a method for manufacturing abutments 6 for a needle 2 on a counter-needle 3, comprising the following steps:

- position the needle 2 resting on the counter-needle 3;

- measure, for each hole 8 provided to fix a stop

6, a support distance L, between the inner surface of the counter-needle 3 and the inner surface of the needle 2;

- Construct a bending curve from the support distances L and the positions of the holes 8 along the counter-needle 3; and,

- calculate for each stop 6, from the bending curve, the angle of a bearing surface of the stop against the needle 2.

Such a method makes it possible to produce stops with the desired geometric tolerances, without reworking on site.

The present invention relates to the field of railways, in particular to the field of switches. It relates particularly to the manufacture of stops serving as support for a needle on the counter-needle associated therewith.

The needle of a switch is provided to move between a first position, in which it is in contact with the counter-needle, and a second position, in which it is distant from the counter-needle. In the first position, the needle replaces the counter-needle to deflect a train which crosses the switch, that is to say that the train does not run on the counter-needle and does not follow the defined track by this counter-needle. In the second position, the train runs on the counter needle; it therefore follows the path defined by this counter-needle.

In the first position, the needle undergoes train rolling forces and particularly transverse forces due to the deviation of the trains. However, to play its role as a needle, it has a reduced section which does not allow it to take up these efforts alone. It is therefore expected that the needle will rest on its counter-needle. Stops are attached to the core of the counter-needle. They are distributed there every 550 to 650 millimeters approximately. In the first position, the stops serve to support the needle and maintain its

-2 spacing from the counter-needle. The distance and angle that the needle forms with the needle varies as the needle moves away from the needle. Each stop must therefore have a length and an angle specific to its position along the counter-needle.

To avoid excessive deformation of the needle during the passage of a train, the manufacturing tolerances of the stops are very strict. The tolerances generally accepted on railways in France are:

+ 1 / -0 mm for the position of the needle relative to the counter-needle; and, + 0.5 / -0 mm for the clearance between the stopper and the needle.

The longitudinal dimensions of the stop are measured perpendicular to the counter-needle. The play is measured when empty, that is to say when the needle is not stressed by any rolling force. However, the manufacturing tolerances of the counter needles and needles are ± 0.5 mm, in particular on the thickness of the core. The tolerance on the spacing between needle and counter-needle is therefore at least ± 1 mm, tolerance to which a tolerance must be added for bending the needle and the counter-needle as well as for mounting the referral. Thus, the manufacturing tolerances of the counter-needles and needles are such that it is impossible to be satisfied with theoretical dimensions to manufacture a switch stop.

To solve this problem, the stops are roughed out using a workshop saw. This draft is not sufficiently precise with regard to the desired tolerances. The stops are then finished by hand grinding, on site, to adjust the length and angle. Such work is tedious.

The object of the invention is to propose an improved method for manufacturing switching stops, preferably without manual intervention or recovery.

-3 According to the invention, such a method for manufacturing several stops to serve as support for a needle on a counter-needle with which this needle is associated, comprises the following steps:

- position the needle when empty, pressing on the counter-needle;

- measure, for each hole provided in the counter-needle to fix a respective stop there, a support distance between an inner surface of the core of the counter-needle and an inner surface of the core of the needle;

- construct a bending curve from the support distances and the positions of the holes along the counter-needle; and,

- calculate for each stop, from this bending curve, a support angle for a support surface of the stop against the inner surface of the core of the needle.

The positions of the holes can be theoretical positions of the holes or positions taken on the counter-needle. Each support distance is preferably measured substantially along the axis of the corresponding hole.

Advantageously, to measure a distance, a gross distance is first measured between an outer surface of the core of the counter-needle and the inner surface of the core of the needle, and a thickness of the core of the counter-needle, at the height of the holes, so that the bearing distance is equal to the gross distance from which the thickness of the core is deducted. Preferably, the thickness is measured only once for all the holes at one end of the counter-needle.

The invention also provides a caliper, for measuring the support distance by a method according to the invention, comprising, at one end through which extends a depth gauge:

- a centering device, designed to center the rod in one of the holes; and,

- a base designed to rest near this hole on the outer surface of the core of the needle.

Several embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a half-switch;

- Figure 2 is a schematic view, in partial vertical section, of a switch to the right of a stop;

- Figure 3 is a schematic view of detail III of Figure 1;

- Figure 4 illustrates a caliper according to the invention, usable for dimensional readings of a switch; and,

- Figures 5 and 6 each illustrate a step in a dimensional reading process according to the invention, using the caliper of Figure 4.

Figure 1 illustrates a half-switch 1, seen from above. It comprises two needles 2, each associated with a counter-needle 3. In the example illustrated, eleven stops 6 are fixed to each counter-needle 3 to serve as support and retractor for the associated needle. The closer a stop 6 is to the tip of the needle, the more its longitudinal dimensions, measured perpendicular to the counter-needle, decrease.

In the position of the switch as illustrated in FIG. 1, the left needle is in the first position described in the preamble, that is to say that it is in abutment against its counter-needle , and, the right needle is in the second position previously described, that is to say that it is distant from its counter-needle.

Figure 2 illustrates a vertical sectional view of a needle 2 and the counter-needle 3 associated therewith. The needle 2 is illustrated there pressing against the

-5 needle holder 3. A stopper 6 is fixed to the needle holder 3. The core 7 of the needle holder is pierced, substantially halfway up, with a cylindrical hole 8 around an axis X8, transverse to the core 7 of the counter-needle. The stop 6 is pressed against an inner surface 17 of the core 7; it is kept fixed to the counter-needle by a bolt 9 passing through the hole 8. The illustrated counter-needle is a symmetrical counter-needle with respect to a longitudinal plane P3. In vertical section, the stop 6 has a square shape, the end of one side of which abuts against an inner surface 15 of the core 11 of the needle 2.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the detail III of FIG. 1. It partially shows the needle 2 on the right and its counter-needle 3, as well as two adjacent stops 61, 62 among the stops 6 which equip this counter-needle.

In the example of FIG. 3, the counter-needle 3 is shown to be substantially straight and the needle 2 is shown to be clearly curved. In this figure, the dimensions, in particular the bending, have been exaggerated and distorted for more readability.

As previously explained, each stop 61, 62, due to its position on the counter-needle 3 and the local bending of the needle 2, has specific dimensions. In particular, each stop 61, 62 has a bearing surface 16 forming a respective angle A1, A2 with the plane of symmetry P3 of the counter-needle 3. In addition, each stop 61, 62 has a specific axial length L1, L2, measured between the bearing surface 16 and an opposite surface 18 in contact with the inner surface 17 of the core 7, along an axis of attachment of the stop. The stopper fixing axis is designed to merge with the axis X8 of the respective hole 8 when the stopper is fixed to it.

We can measure a gross distance Dl, D2 between an outer surface 19 of the core 7 of the counter-needle 3 and the inner surface 15 of the core of the needle,

-6 according to the X8 axis of the corresponding hole 8. Knowing the thickness E7 of the core 7 at the location of the hole 8, it is possible to deduce therefrom a respective axial bearing distance between the inner surface 17 of the core 7 of the counter-needle 3 and the inner surface 15 of the core 11 of the needle 2. The support distance is equal to the ideal length L1, L2 respectively of each stop 61, 62, where L1 = D1-E7 and L2 = D2-E7.

It is noted that for the same counter-needle, the latter being manufactured by rolling, the thickness E7 of the core is substantially constant and it is sufficient to measure this thickness only once, for example at a longitudinal end of the counter- needle.

Surprisingly, knowing for each of the stops of the same needle 2, that is to say for each of the eleven stops of the example illustrated in FIG. 1:

- the support length L; and,

a position of the holes, for example a relative distance DR of the holes, it is possible to calculate, for each of the stops, an angle A and a length L which respect the desired tolerances. It is for example possible to manufacture the stops 6 in a single automated operation, for example using a milling machine.

Thus, in a method according to the invention, for a needle 2 and the counter-needle 3 with which it is associated, assuming known the positions DR of the holes 8, the following steps are carried out:

- position the needle 2 when empty in its first position, pressing on the counter-needle 3;

- Measure, for each hole 8, a support distance L between the core 7 of the counter-needle 3 and the core 11 of the needle;

- construct a bending curve from the DR positions and the support distances L;

- calculate, from the bending curve, for the support surface 16 of each stop 6 a support angle A.

The positions DR of the holes 8 can be provided, for example, by a program for drilling the holes 8 or by a reading on the counter-needle. The DR positions can be provided as a distance, for example between each hole and one end of the needle.

The bending curve is preferably constructed by means of computer-aided design (CAD), so that the angles A can be deduced therefrom automatically by the same CAD means.

The support distances L are preferably measured along the axis X8 of the hole 8. To know these distances L, it is possible to use a method illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, using a caliper 20 according to l 'invention. Such a caliper is illustrated in Figure 4.

The caliper 20 comprises in particular two spouts 21 and a depth gauge 22. It further comprises a centering device 23 and a base 24. As illustrated in FIG. 5, such a caliper is particularly suitable for measuring a gross axial distance D between the outer surface 19 of the core 7 of the counter-needle 3 and the inner surface 15 of the core 11 of the needle 2.

The centering device 23 is adapted to position the rod 22 along the axis X8 of the hole. In the example illustrated, the centering device 23 is substantially cylindrical; it has an outer diameter D23 substantially identical to the inner diameter D8 of the holes 8, so as to be able to be introduced into or removed therefrom effortlessly.

The base 24 serves as a reference for the rod 22; it is designed to bear on the outer surface 19 of the core 7 of the counter-needle 3, near the hole 8. In the example illustrated, the base 24 comprises an annular surface 25, designed to go around the hole 8. The spouts 21 are used to measure the thickness E7 of the core 7.

The lengths L and the relative distances DR can be supplied to a computer machine, for example for programming the milling machine. A milling program is given as an example below, for eight 10 stops:

(machining stop part 1: L1-> L8) (Half right turnout) (Connection TgO.13 CàG M61) (VA16311_OOO499) (not tested) (v2-O) (modification on 01/10/2017) (50e6A1 / 50E6A2 ) (X axis position: upper edge support stop side) (Y axis position: outer side edge first stop) (z axis position:..) (Hedgehog STRAWBERRY 025 2213PO25O26W5ROO) (Call of 1 * Tl tool)

N1OO Tl DI (variable for stop measurement dimension)

N11O ~ ~~ '--N12O N13O

N14O

N15O

N16O

N17O

N180

11 = 49.02 (BU5O)

L2 = 6O.049 (BU62)

13 = / 4.805 (BU76)

14 = 97.273 (BU98)

15 = 121.639 (BU122)

L6 = 147.9O4 (BU15O)

17 = 176.068 (BU178)

... 18 = 203.558 (BÜ2O4) (machining)

N19O MO3 S1200 (ROTATION SPEED TO BE DEFINED) _G 52 GO z 60 (clearance Z repereMachine) GOO x-27.5 Y-6O.551

GOO.zO (usiange altitude)

LO = L1 + 13.756-2. 225

GOl’X-27.5 Y-LO F288 (advance to be defined) 10 = 1.J + Ll. 244-2.22 5

GÔ1 ‘XTO7.5 Y-tO 10 = 62413.951-2.225

GOO iXlO7: 5 Y-LO 10 = 12 +11: 049-2.225

GÔ1'X242.5 Y-MJ LO = L 3 4- 14.921-2.22 5

GOO X242.5 YhLO

L0 = 13 + 1.0.079-2.225

GO1 X377.5 ¥ -60 10464 + 15 i'134-2.225

G00 ^; X3 77., 5 ¥ -60 LÔ = l4 + 9.866-2 .'22 5

GÔ1 X512.5 Y-60

L O = L‘5 + 15.348-2.225

GOO X512..5 Y-LO 10 = 65 + 9.652 - 2.> 225

GO1 X647.5 Y-LO

10416 + 15.562-2.225

GOO'X647. ^: 5 Y-LO 10 = 1.6 + 9.438-2.2 2 5 GO1 X782.5 Y-LO

L0412 + 15.776—2.225

GOO X782.5 Y-lO

LO = L7 + 9.2245-2.225

GO1 X917.5 Y-LO

LO = 18 + 15.972-2.225

GOO X917.5 Y-LO

LO = L8 + 1O.108-2.22 5

GO1 X1O31.5 Y-LO

GO ZlOO (Z CLEARANCE)

G52 XO'YO ZO (machine origin)

MOS (PIN OFF)

MO2 (STOP)

N 200 N 210 N22O

N23O

N / 4O N25O

N26O N27O

N280 N29O

N 300 N 310 N 320

N33O N34O N350 N 360

N 370 N 380 N39O n400 n410 n42O n43O N440 N45O n460 N47O N48O N49O N 5 (00 N 510 N5 (2O N93O n54O Nÿso N56O N57O N5Î8O

Of course, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments which have just been described but, on the contrary, the invention is defined by the claims which follow.

It will appear to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described above, in the light of the teaching which has just been disclosed to him.

Thus, the base can be a point support, rather than an annular surface.

You can use a 50E6 Al profile for the needle and a 50E6 A2 profile for the needle. However, a method according to the invention can be used with other profiles.

Claims (7)

Claims 1. Method for manufacturing several stops (6) to serve as support for a needle (2) on a counter-needle (3) with which said needle is associated, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - position said needle (2) when empty, pressing on said needle; - measure, for each hole (8) provided in said counter-needle to fix a respective stop (6) there, a support distance (L), between an inner surface (17) of the core (7) of the counter needle (3) and an inner surface (15) of the core (11) of the needle (2); - construct a bending curve from said support distances (L) and positions (DR) of said holes (8) along the counter-needle (3); and, - calculate for each stop (6), from said bending curve, a bearing angle (A) for a bearing surface (16) of said stop against said inner surface (15) of the core (11 ) of the needle (2). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the positions (DR) are theoretical positions of the holes (8). 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the positions (DR) of the holes (8) are raised on the needle against. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each support distance (L) is measured substantially along the axis (X8) of the corresponding hole (8). 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that to measure a bearing distance (L) a gross distance (D) is measured between an outer surface (19) of the core (7) of the counter-needle (3) and the inner surface (15) of the core (11) of the needle (2) and a thickness (E7) of said core of the counter-needle, at the level of the holes (8) , so that the support distance (L) is equal to the gross distance (D) from which the thickness (E7) of the core is deducted. 5 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the thickness (E7) is measured only once for all of the holes (8) at one end of the counter-needle (3). 7. Caliper (20) for measuring a distance (L) by an io method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises, at one end through which extends a depth gauge (22): - a centering device (23), designed to center said rod in a hole (8); and, - A base (24) designed to bear close to said hole on the outer surface (19) of the core (7) of the counter-needle (3). 1/3