FR2955349A1 - Frame for opening e.g. window, in wall of e.g. building, has framework provided with four side elements that are formed in respective sections including anchoring units, where anchoring units permit to immobilize frame in opening - Google Patents

Abstract

The frame (10) has a framework provided with four side elements including a high cross-piece (12), two side posts (13) and a support (11), where the side elements are formed in respective sections (111) including anchoring units. The anchoring units permit to immobilize the frame in an opening. A longitudinal groove is provided in the sections. Another longitudinal groove is provided in the sections to retain a sealing tab. The sections are made from PVC plastic. A fixing unit fixes a stopper (40) on a side of the framework.

Description

The field of the invention is that of building and construction. More specifically, the invention relates to a frame for an opening 5 (bay) in a building, including, but not limited to, a wood frame construction or concrete insulating formwork (IPC). 2. Solutions of the Prior Art In the building industry, it is known that in order to make a wall comprising an exterior joinery (such as a door, window or French window for example), the construction of the masonry of the building is first wall leaving there a gaping opening, in which one comes then seal a frame on which is set up the carpentry. These frames, which are used to link the carpentry to the shell, are generally called "precadres" by the skilled person, because they are prefabricated frames, directly adaptable on site. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a frame, metal (aluminum for example) or wood, of the type used most frequently to date. Such a frame is a rigid frame having a rectangular contour and comprising two parallel vertical uprights 3, 4 and two horizontal crosspieces 1 and 2 high parallel parallel. The amounts and crosspieces 1, 2, 3, 4 consist, in this embodiment, of metal profiles assembled together by any suitable means such as welding, screws, bolts, removable tongues. As pointed out above, a frame of this type is intended to be inserted into the thickness of an opening in a high wall, for example from blocks. 3. Disadvantages of the Prior Art The installation of such frames requires multiple interventions. Thus, after installation or installation of the frame in the opening of the wall by means of screws or attachment points, for example, it is necessary to then install the joinery, then the cladding. In addition, the installation of a carpentry, such as a window, in the building envelope, requires continuity between the elements of the window and the wall, in order to guarantee protection against the weather (limit penetration of rainwater for example) and airtightness. To date, there is no specific "framing" adapted to the particular case of walls erected in concrete formwork (IPC). In known manner, a block in concrete insulating formwork consists of two faces of rigid insulation (conventionally expanded polystyrene) maintained at constant spacing by plastic or metal rods. Fastened to each other, the blocks adjust to form a formwork which then receives the reinforced concrete. The solution used for this type of wall is, in general, a "pre-frame" basic wood (made on site) or metal, these materials having, in known manner, multiple disadvantages.

The metal "precancers" thus have a poor thermal performance, while the "precadres" in wood require maintenance operations (cleaning), their waterproofness is also unreliable. Furthermore, the use of a "pre-frame" wood requires finishing operations on the site, which entail a high labor cost.

In addition, the joining of such "framings" with the wall is problematic and the adjustment of the joinery with these "precadres" can also pose a problem, which has the consequence that the insulation and the seal between the "pre-framing" and the wall (vis-à-vis facade flows for example) are not always satisfactory.

In other words, these solutions are not entirely satisfactory, in particular because they are costly in time and product, they pose sealing problems and they also require the implementation of operations. delicate to achieve. 4. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is notably to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art. More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated frame that is easy and quick to install, which simplifies the implementation of joinery and which, overall, reduces the number of operations to be performed during the installation of a carpentry. Another object of the invention is to provide a frame that is robust, waterproof and has good thermal performance (reduction of air infiltration and thermal bridges, in particular). The invention also aims to provide a frame that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, requires little or no maintenance, and has an improved aesthetics. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a frame that can be integrated in particular, but not exclusively, in a wood frame construction or in concrete insulating formwork (IPC). 5. Essential Features of the Invention These and other objects which will appear later are achieved by means of a frame intended to be inserted into the thickness of an opening in a wall and for fixing a frame, said frame comprising a frame having four side elements, namely a high crossbar, two lateral uprights and a support, According to the invention, said side elements are formed in a profile comprising means anchoring device for immobilizing the frame in said opening. The invention thus proposes a prefabricated frame intended to be put in place in an opening (such as a window, French window, door) of a wall, which not only makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the devices of the prior art but brings other benefits. The sealing of such a frame in the wall is improved due to the implementation of anchoring means on the profile of the four side elements of the frame.

Such a frame is thus particularly easy and quick to install Preferably, the frame according to the invention is plastic, PVC for example, the same profile being used for the four sides of this frame.

Such a frame is therefore simple and economical to manufacture. In addition, particularly because of the geometric possibilities of the PVC profiles, the implementation of a frame according to the invention allows optimized adaptations. The anchoring means may thus have a groove formed on the profile of the four sides of the frame, and may take a rectangular shape, simple dovetail, double dovetail or other suitable form. Alternatively or in addition, depending on the case, sealing tabs can be secured to the profiles of the four sides of the frame.

The frame according to the invention can be implemented in new buildings or residential and commercial renovations. Such a "subframe" is particularly suitable for low-consumption buildings (BBC) or passive buildings, particularly in wood-frame or concrete-insulated concrete (IPC) buildings.

The implementation of a frame according to the invention facilitates the installation of joinery, external and internal finishes and the pouring of concrete in the case of an IPC wall, and reduces the costs of achieving an opening (of an exterior carpentry) in a building. Its implementation saves time for all the bodies of state associated with the structural work of the building intervening around the opening insofar as its implementation reduces the number of operations to be performed. According to the embodiments, for the mason: - he replaces the wooden dummy; - its positioning in the housing of an IPC wall is facilitated; - a rabbet allows the maintenance of the "pre-framing" by easel; - It does not require a chart recovery or straightening band (strips of coatings or cement applied on the inner periphery of the openings); it does not require a masonry support piece.

For the coater or burner, the frame of the invention allows, according to the embodiments: - an integrated fastening of the coating mesh by clipping on the "pre-frame"; - a coating stop of 5 to 22 mm directly at the level of the "precadre" without visible return; - an integration of a clip for external cladding of everyday use (wood, clapboard, ...). For the plaquiste, it can in particular allow: - the taking into account of interior finishes, in particular the covering of the plasterboard (such plates with thinned edges, called "placo BA13" (registered trademark), for example). The "placo BA13" can thus be inserted behind the covering of the frame. Finally, for the carpenter: 20 - the frame of the invention to facilitate the installation of the carpentry, respecting the unified technical document (DTU 36.5). The implementation of the frame of the invention also allows, according to the embodiments, to obtain an improved thermal performance. In particular, for the types of buildings listed above, the heat gain 25 may be of the order of 7 to 10% compared to a "pre-fram" wood for the window / edge pair. It thus ensures an improved watertightness at the wall / window junction and an excellent acoustic performance (substantially identical to that of the window). It can also make it possible to integrate all the windows (windows, blocks 30 bays, etc.) existing on the market (PVC, aluminum, wood, ...) and authorizes, according to 15 embodiments, an opening of the leaves. at 180 ° and ventilation in tilt-and-turn mode (OB) maximum (installation of the window to the naked interior). The frame of the invention can be manufactured in one dimension and can be implemented with all thicknesses of IPC walls, generally between 290 and 450 mm. This is made possible by adjusting the thickness variations of the frame. Its implementation conceals the connection between the frame and the outer plaster, and between the frame and the "placo" inside.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said anchoring means comprise a first longitudinal groove formed in said profile. Depending on the case, said groove may have a rectangular section, single dovetail, double dovetail or other suitable form.

Advantageously, the anchoring means comprise a second longitudinal groove formed in said profile, intended to retain at least one sealing tab. According to another particular embodiment of the invention, at least one through-eye is formed in said support.

Such a look is able to be closed by a plug. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the cap comprises, on a first face, fastening means for fixing said cap on one side of said frame and, on a second face, means for receiving an end. a stay.

Advantageously, said support comprises means for securing water evacuation means. Preferably, said support comprises means for receiving and / or securing a rejingot. In one embodiment of the invention, the frame comprises means for securing an outer covering, such as a coating mat or a cladding, on at least one of said frame side members.

Preferably, said profile is made of plastic. 6. List of Figures Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, given as a simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the accompanying drawings, among others. which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a frame according to the prior art; - Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the frame according to one embodiment of the invention placed in an opening of a wall; - Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of Figure 2 at the support of the frame; FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views of a pouring plug for concrete pouring and protection; FIG. 6A is a detail view of FIG. 2 at the support of the frame showing the fixing of a sealing tab to the profile of the support of a frame according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 6B is a perspective view of a sealing tab; - Figures 7A and 7B illustrate the clipping of a coating mesh on a frame according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figures 8A and 8B illustrate the clipping of a cladding on a frame according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 9 illustrates the joining of a rejingot with spoiler to the profile of the support of a frame according to one embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an adaptation of an integrated roller shutter to a frame according to one embodiment of the invention; Figure 11 is a horizontal sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating a frame according to one embodiment of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery; Figure 12 is a detail view of Figure 11 illustrating the fastening of the frame and the opening of the joinery with the frame of the invention, and the fastening of a frame according to one embodiment with the wall; Figure 13 is a vertical sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating a frame according to one embodiment of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery; Figure 14 is a horizontal sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating a frame according to one embodiment of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery and a shutter (bay block); Figure 15 is a detail view of Figure 14 illustrating the fastening of the frame and the opening of the joinery with the frame of the invention, and the fastening of a frame according to an embodiment with the wall; Figure 16 is a vertical sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating a frame according to one embodiment of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery and a shutter (bay block). DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The invention is described below for a frame (or "window") for windows, but it is obvious that the invention also applies the case of frames for doors, windows or windows. FIG. 2 shows a prefabricated frame 10 according to one embodiment of the invention, when it is placed in an opening 30 in a wall 20 of a new building or being renovated. - - - - - - 7.

In this example, wall 20 is erected from concrete insulating shuttering blocks (IPCs) assembled (or nested) with each other. It is recalled that an IPC block consists of two faces 31, 32 of rigid insulation (conventionally expanded polystyrene) maintained at constant spacing by plastic or metal rods (not shown for ease of reading), the space 33 located between these two faces 31, 32 being intended to be filled with concrete. The one-piece frame 10 is made of plastic, for example PVC, by an extrusion process, its width or thickness E1 being less than the thickness E2 of the finished wall 20 (see Figure 11). The frame 10 comprises four sides, namely a lower element 11 forming a bearing surface (or threshold in the case of a door), an upper element 12 forming a lintel or high cross member, and two lateral elements 13, 14 forming vertical tables or uprights (only one of these lateral elements 13 is shown in FIG. 2, being a view in vertical section), the outer surface of these elements being able to be coated with a protective film 15 which will be conventionally, once removed the outer coatings 21, 22 and inner 23 of the wall 20 completed. The elements 11, 12, 13, 14 are constituted by a profile 111, 121, 131, 141 respectively, of identical sections. This profile is shaped to allow the support and fixing of the frame 93 of a frame, a window in this example, whose leaves or opening 94 are shown in the examples of Figures 11 to 16. When the frame 10 is put in place (sealed) in the opening of the wall 20, concrete is poured / poured by means of an injection machine into the space 33 (or inner gap) situated between the two rigid insulating faces 31, 32 of the blocks 30 of the wall 20, thus forming a concrete core (concrete reinforcing steel rods may be previously inserted in these blocks). This injection of the concrete can be carried out by the upper face of the wall 20. In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, there is a removable cap 40 which closes a cylindrical orifice (or sight) 50, formed in the thickness of the support 11 of the frame 10, and which allows, when removed, to view the level of concrete poured into the blocks 30 of the wall through the support 11 and secure the casting of concrete. This look 50 may optionally be used to introduce a vibrator into the poured concrete. Figure 3 is a detail view of Figure 2, showing the eye 50 formed in the thickness of the support 11 of the frame 10, and the closure cap 40 of the eye 50. As shown in Figure 5B, the closure plug 40 comprises, on its outer face 43, a double-sided adhesive 41 which allows the temporary laying of the plug 40 on one of the vertical uprights 13, 14 of the frame 10. As illustrated in FIG. such a plug 40 ', 40 "can thus be used to protect the outer surface of the lateral elements 13, 14 when struts 51, 52 are arranged between the outer surface of these lateral elements 13, 14. The end of a strut 51, 52 thus bears on the inner surface 42 of the closure plug 40 (FIG. 5A), without degrading the outer surface of the lateral elements 13, 14. The use of such struts makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of the frame 10 in the opening of the wall 20 during It is noted that in this example, the passage 48 of the strut on the inner surface 42 of the plug 40 (Figure 5A) is approximately 55 mm wide.

According to one aspect of this embodiment of the invention, the frame 10 comprises anchoring means which make it possible to improve the mechanical strength of the frame 10 in the opening of the wall 20 once the concrete has been poured into the wall. In this embodiment, these anchoring means comprise a groove 60 formed in the surfaces of the profiles 111, 121, 131, 141 which are in contact with the wall and sealing tabs 70 secured to each other. removably to these same surfaces. In FIGS. 3 and 6A, the groove 60 is in the form of a double dovetail and extends over the entire length of the support 11. The groove 60 is situated opposite the space 33 situated between the two 31, 32 faces of the IPC wall 30. It is therefore understood that the concrete poured into the space 33 fills the groove 60 and thus ensures the immobilization of the frame 10 in the housing of the wall 20 (see Figure 12 for example). Other forms of groove may be envisaged, such as a rectangular shape or a simple dovetail shape, without departing from the scope of the invention. The sealing tabs 70 extend into the space 33 formed between the faces 31, 32 of the IPC blocks 30 and are embedded in the concrete when it is cast therein, thus further improving the connection between the frame 10 and the wall 20. FIG. 6B illustrates, by way of example, the shape of a sealing tab 70 which is provided with two hooks 71, 72 intended to allow clipping of the tab 70 on the sections 111, 121, 131, 141 of the elements 11, 12, 13, 14. More specifically, these hooks 71,72 are retained in a groove 61 formed in the sections 111, 121, 131, 141 which is parallel to the groove 60. According to another aspect of this embodiment of the invention, illustrated in particular in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 6A, means for discharging water (rain for example), called water jet 80 is removably attached to the front end (the side of the outer wall) of the support 11 of the frame 10. Such water jet 80 thus extends the support 11 which f therefore protrudes beyond the plane of the outer wall 20 and thereby promotes the flow of water, thus avoiding that rainwater flows along the outer surface 21, 22 of the wall portion 20 located under the opening. According to yet another aspect of this embodiment of the invention, illustrated in particular in Figures 2, 3 and 9, a rejingot 90 is attached to the rear of the support 11 of the frame 10 and thus avoids the provision of masonry support piece, while ensuring improved sealing and mechanical strength of the window (respect of the DTU 36.5 in particular), once it is put in place on the frame. This rejingot 90 is fixed to the profile 111 by screwing or any other suitable means, and is covered by the frame 93 of the frame once it has been put in place.

When the concrete has been poured and the immobilization of the frame 10 in the housing of the wall 20 has been carried out, the frame 10 is ready to receive on the inside the frame of the frame (or carpentry), which is fixed to the frame by fastening means known to those skilled in the art (Figures 11 to 16). Then, the outer coating 21, 22 and the inner liner 23 may be applied to the outer and inner faces respectively of the wall 20. It should be noted that the outer coating 21, 22 may also be applied before the installation of the window. According to a particular aspect of an embodiment of the invention, illustrated in particular in FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B, the laying of the outer coating on the frame 10 is facilitated by the implementation of means for securing the coating on the profiles of the frame. This outer coating 21 may be a 218 coating mesh on which is applied a topcoat layer (Figures 7A and 7B). The coating mesh 21A comprises a connecting piece 24 which is clipped on the profile 131 (Figure 7B). The outer skin 21 may be an exterior cladding 22 (Figures 8A and 8B). In this case, two profiles can be removably attached to the frame, namely a profile clipper periphery on three sides of the frame for the adaptation to the thickness of the current cladding and a profile 22A having a function drip-beam, at the top crossing (Figure 8B).

According to another aspect of the invention, the frame of the invention takes into account the interior finishes including covering plasterboard such as plates called "BA13" (registered trademark). As illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the window frame 93 when mounted on the frame 10 comprises a cover element 99. The gypsum board 23 can be inserted into the space between this cover element 99 and the profile 121 of the lintel 12, which reduces the finishing operations. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the frame 10 allows the installation of "berry blocks" for which the rolling shutter box 97 (FIG. 10A) is not visible from the outside, such a box 97 not degrading the thermal performance and aesthetics of the window. The trunk 97 includes an interior inspection hatch 92 (ideal for vertical constructions). Figure 11 is a horizontal sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating the frame of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery comprising a frame 93 and an opening 94 referenced in Figure 12 (which is a detail view of Figure 11 at the vertical upright 14 of the frame 10). Figure 13 is a vertical sectional view at the same opening on which are illustrated the profiles 111, 121 of the support 11 and the cross member 12 respectively, the frame 93 and the opening 94 of the joinery, and the rejingot 90.

Figure 14 is a horizontal sectional view at the opening of a wall illustrating the frame of the invention on which is mounted an exterior joinery and a roller shutter. Figure 15 which is a detail view of Figure 14 illustrates the slide 95 of the roller shutter. Figure 16 is a vertical sectional view at the same opening of a wall illustrating the trunk block 97 (not visible from the outside) of the shutter 98. In summary, the implementation of a frame according to the invention simplifies the sealing operations of the frame (or "pre-framing") in an opening in a wall and setting up the joinery on the frame and sealed.

In fact, according to the embodiments, the adaptation of the precadre block / window to the wall is carried out: in thickness: the PVC precadres can be manufactured with a fixed thickness and be associated with dormant windows of thickness varying from 20 mm in 20 mm. Standard window frames, irrespective of their manufacturing material, such as those used in particular for renovation or new builds (with interior insulation for example), are suitable. By playing on the thickness of the frame, we answer the problematic of the different thicknesses of walls (erected in blocks IPC for example) while ensuring a pose of the windows to the naked interior (the opening with 180 ° of the leaves of window to strike is possible). A fur of 10 mm can be added in addition for intermediate dimensions. - vis-à-vis external siding: in the case of an outer coating consisting of a coating, two profiles can be fixed removably on the frame, namely a profile clipper periphery of the frame for fix the plaster mesh (Figures 7A and 7B) and a section called "drop of water" to clip on the support for the protection against runoff (Figure 4). In the case of an external cladding consisting of cladding, two profiles can be removably attached to the frame, namely a profile to be clipped at the periphery on three sides of the frame for adaptation to the thickness. common cladding and an identical profile, having a drip-beam function, at the top crossing (FIGS. 8A and 8B). - vis-à-vis the inner facing (which may be a plasterboard for example): the adaptation is provided by a covering element of the profile of the frame of the window (10A and 10B). The adaptation of the frame to the IPC wall can also be carried out, depending on the case: - during the pouring of the concrete: by the use of PVC angle profiles for the positioning in depth or by the realization of a pierced look in support to visualize and possibly to complete the concrete filling in lighter and by the use of a plug making it possible to close this piercing after the casting. It is also possible to support the dimensions of the "subframe" using conventional props, the cap of the eyes equipped with a double-sided adhesive serving as protection of the "pre-frame" end forestay. - by mechanical connection after setting concrete: creation of a double dovetail shape on the "pre-framing" profile on the contact side with the concrete to ensure the attachment. If a complementary insulator is used between the concrete and the "subframe", grooves can be created in the vicinity of the dovetails for fastening tabs to be sealed. At implementation, the leg is embedded in the concrete, permanently sealing the "pre-framing". The adaptation of the frame to the window is also ensured, according to the embodiments, by: - the creation of a PVC profile serving rejingot clipped bottom cross (Figure 9); - The creation of a rabbet allowing a simple implementation and in compliance with the standards in force (acceptance of tolerances, sealing and fixing); the possibility of adapting an integrated roller shutter masked by the outer insulation of the wall CIB with external and internal inspection hatches, the creation of an aluminum profile ensuring the mechanical strength at the bottom of the insulation (FIGS. 10A, 10B and 16). Such a "precadre" in PVC can offer better thermal performance than a "precadre" wood. Comparative calculations have found, on an example of a single-leaf window, that the thermal transmittance of the "precadre" PVC of the invention was 1.367 W / m2.K and 1.511 W / m2.K for a "precadre" wood (a gain of the order of 10%). For an example of a window with two leaves, the thermal transmittance coefficient of the "precadre" PVC of the invention was 1.337 W / m2.K and 1.477 W / m2.K for a "precadre" wood (a gain of 9%). Finally, for a French window with two leaves, the thermal transmittance coefficient of the "precadre" PVC of the invention was 1.326 W / m2.K and 1.423 W / m2.K for a "precadre" wood (ie one 7% gain).

In the case of a wall of a timber frame construction, the anchoring means of the frame obviously include only the sealing tabs which are solid with the wood frame. The frame of the invention allows the installation of various types of carpentry, any material. Thus, it is possible to implement aluminum threshold doors that meet the standards for people with reduced mobility (PRM). The frame of the invention may be white when it is manufactured. However, an aluminum cowling can be fixed on the visible parts of the frame, which allows a wide choice of colors and a matching of the colors of the frame with the frame.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Frame (10) intended to be inserted into the thickness of an opening in a wall (20) and for fixing a door frame, said frame (10) comprising a frame having four side elements, namely a cross-member high (12), two lateral uprights (13, 14) and a support (11), characterized in that said side members (11, 12, 13, 14) are formed in a profile (111, 121, 131, 141 ) comprising anchoring means for immobilizing the frame (10) in said opening. 2. Framing (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that said anchoring means comprise a first groove (60) longitudinal formed in said profile. 3. Framing (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that said groove (60) has a rectangular section, single dovetail or double dovetail. 4. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said anchoring means comprise a second longitudinal groove (61) formed in said profile, for retaining at least one sealing tab (70). 5. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one through view (50) is formed in said support (11). 6. Framing (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that said sight (50) is adapted to be closed by a plug (40). 7. Framing (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that said cap (40) comprises, on a first face (43), fixing means (41) for fixing said cap (40) on one side of said frame and, on a second face (42), means for receiving an end of a strut (51, 52). 8. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support (11) comprises means for securing water evacuation means (80). 9. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support (11) comprises means for receiving and / or securing a rejingot (90). 10. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for securing an outer coating (21, 22), such as a mesh of plaster or cladding, on at least one of said frame side members. 11. Framing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said section (111, 121, 131, 141) is made of plastic material.