FR2947581A1 - Construction element for constructing e.g. basement wall, of building, has connection unit for connecting skins, where one of skins has insulation plate and/or ultra high performance fibrous concrete layer receiving end of connection unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (1) has a connection unit (5) constituted by a connector for connecting skins (2, 3). Each skin comprises an insulation plate (20) inside the element. The plate is provided with an opening crossed by the unit. The skin has an ultra high performance fibrous concrete layer (21) provided outside the element, where the layer covers the insulation plate. An end of the connection unit crossing the plate is drowned inside the layer. Another skin (3) has an insulation plate (30) and/or an ultra high performance fibrous concrete layer (31) receiving another end of the connection unit. The ultra high performance fibrous concrete contains metal fibers, polymers and/or minerals, ultrafines such as silica fumes, microfillers and/or pozzolana.

Description

The present invention relates to a construction element designed, on the one hand, for the realization of a sill or a wall and, secondly, to be transported manually. This invention relates to the field of the building, more particularly that of the manufacture, at the factory, of light construction elements, able to be transported manually by an operator, and used in the context of the realization of a wall of a building . Already known, such building elements adopting, more particularly, the shape of a brick or an agglomerate, on the one hand, designed to be juxtaposed (e) s or superimposed (e) s and, secondly, to be assembled (e) s one to another by walling for the realization of a wall. Such a construction element has at least one recess designed to allow its filling with concrete. It will be observed that such a construction element has a number of disadvantages. In particular, such a building element is of reduced size so that, for the production of a complete wall, it is necessary to use a particularly large number of these building elements. In addition, for the realization of such a wall, it is necessary to build these building elements, one by one, and ensuring the proper positioning of each of these building elements which is reflected, obviously, by a particular time long for the realization of the wall. Another disadvantage is that the recesses of the building elements are separated by partition walls which are vertically offset inside the wall. Such an offset, on the one hand, complicates the filling of the wall with concrete and, on the other hand, can cause an inhomogeneity of the distribution of the filling concrete inside this wall.

Yet another disadvantage is that such a construction element is devoid of insulation means so that, after making the wall with such building elements, it is appropriate to dress, internally, this wall with such means. insulation, which results in a loss of living space.

Finally, the positioning (juxtaposition and superposition) and the masonry of these building elements give the wall of the wall an appearance requiring, imperatively, a covering, in particular by plastering. The present invention is intended to overcome the disadvantages of building elements of the state of the art. To this end, the invention relates to a construction element for producing a sill or a wall and transportable manually, this construction element comprising, firstly, two skins arranged opposite one of the another, substantially parallel and spaced so as to define between them an internal volume to the building element, on the other hand, at least one connecting means of these two skins together.

This construction element is characterized by the fact that. at least one skin comprises, on the one hand and internally to the construction element, a plate made of an insulating material and provided with at least one opening through which connection means and on the other hand and externally with the building element, a layer made of an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC), covering the insulating plate, and inside which is embedded one end of at least one connecting means passing through such an insulating plate ; the other skin comprises such an insulating plate and / or such a layer of fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPCF) receiving the other end of at least one connecting means. Another feature is that ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) contains metal, polymer and / or mineral fibers.

An additional feature relates to the fact that the insulating plate comprises at least one recess, formed on the side of the plate covered by the concrete layer, bordering an opening through which connection means and containing concrete constituting this concrete layer. Yet another feature is that the building element has, on the one hand, a length of between 1.00m and 1.40m, preferably of the order of 1.20m and, on the other hand, a width between 0.50 and 0.70m, preferably of the order of 0.60m. Finally, the invention relates to a wall, in particular of basement, basement, structural, architectural, decorative or other, comprising a plurality of building elements, having the characteristics described above, and assembled in a juxtaposed way or superimposed. A first advantage of such a construction element is that it is particularly lightweight so that it can be transported, handled, handled and implanted by a single operator.

According to another advantage, such a construction element comprises, internally, at least one insulating plate for conferring on a wall, made by assembling a plurality of these building elements, the insulation characteristics required for such a wall avoiding thus, any additional insulation. An additional advantage is that, by selecting the constituents used in the composition of the concrete of the outer layer, a building element according to the invention (and therefore a wall made by assembling such building elements) is given. ) an external appearance and / or shade corresponding to that of the finished wall, which advantageously makes it possible to avoid any additional external covering of this wall. Yet another feature is that the building elements are designed to allow juxtaposition and overlap with another identical building element, so that the aligned / juxtaposed elements lie in the extension of one another. without apparent shift. Moreover and in the case of a gap between two building elements, it is possible to fill such a gap with a filling material consisting of concrete or the like, without this filling being visible. These last features make it possible, advantageously, to give a finished appearance to a wall made by assembling a building element, this avoiding any additional external cladding. Another advantageous feature is that the assembly of the construction elements of such a wall is achieved by gluing the various elements together.

Yet another advantage is that the use of an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPC) for the realization of a wall makes it possible to confer on this wall an excellent resistance to fire, to shocks (physical and / or thermal ), aggression (in particular chemical, climatic, thermal), temperature variations (in particular the freeze-thaw cycle), aging and traction. Finally, the reduced dimensions of a building element according to the invention advantageously allow the realization of a wall in places difficult to access or leaving only a small space for the realization of such a wall ( in particular an elevator shaft or the like). Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description relating to embodiments which are given only by way of indicative and non-limiting examples. The understanding of this description will be facilitated with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic and perspective view of a construction element according to the present invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic view, front and partial section of a skin that comprises a construction element shown in Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a schematic, partial and sectional view along III-III of the skin shown in Figure 2; FIG. 4 is a schematic, partial and front view of a wall made by assembling a plurality of construction elements in accordance with the present invention. The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing, in the factory, lightweight construction elements, able to be transported manually by an operator (more particularly by a single operator), and used in the context of the realization of a wall of a building. As can be seen in FIG. 1, such a construction element 1 comprises two skins (2; 3) arranged opposite one another 2 of the other 3, in substantially parallel manner and spaced apart so as to define between them an internal volume 4 to the building element 1 (this internal volume 4 being, more particularly, designed to receive a filling material, especially in the form of a concrete, usually after the production of a wall M with such building elements 1) . Such a construction element 1 comprises, again, at least 25 connection means 5 of these two skins (2; 3) between them. According to the invention, at least one of these two skins (2; 3) of such a construction element 1 (more particularly the skin 2 intended to be oriented towards the outside of the building) comprises, on the one hand and internally to the construction element 1, a plate 20 made of an insulating material and provided with at least one opening 200 traversed by a connecting means 5 and, on the other hand and externally to the element 1, a layer 21 made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC), covering the insulating plate 20, and inside which is embedded an end 50 of at least one connecting means 5 passing through such an insulating plate 20. The other skin 3 of this building element 1 according to the invention then comprises such an insulating plate 30 and / or such a layer 31 of concrete (ultra-high performance fiber bundle BFUP) receiving the other end 51 of at least one means of r tuning 5. With regard to the insulating plate (20; 30) of a skin (2; 3) of such a construction element 1, the latter (20; 30) is oriented towards the other skin (3; 2) that comprises this building element 1 A preferred embodiment is that such an insulating plate (20; 30) is made of polystyrene, preferably of polystyrene foam and / or extruded. With regard to the opening 200 provided by such an insulating plate (20; 30), the latter 200 has an adjusted section or, preferably, greater than that of the connection means 5 which passes through such an opening 200, this so as to define a gap between such a connecting means 5 and the material of the insulating plate (20; 30). In fact, such an interstice is filled with concrete constituting the concrete layer (21; 31) associated with this insulating plate (20; 30), this for better anchoring of the connection means 5 in the skin (2; 3). . An additional feature is that such an insulating plate (20; 30) further comprises at least one recess 201 formed on the side of this plate (20; 30) covered by the concrete layer (21; 31). . In fact, such a recess 201 borders an opening 200 traversed by connecting means 5 and is preferably made around the periphery of such an opening 200 and / or so that this opening 200 is centered with respect to such a recess. 201. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 3, such a recess 201 has a frustoconical shape and flares out, preferably in the direction of the concrete layer (21; 31).

The presence of such a recess 201 advantageously makes it possible to reinforce the concrete at the level of the anchoring of a connection means 5. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the insulating plate or plates (20; a construction element 1 according to the invention may also comprise at least one groove 202 formed on the side of this plate (20; 30) covered by the concrete layer (21; 31). In fact, such a groove 202 contains concrete constituting such a concrete layer (21; 31) which advantageously allows a good grip of this concrete on the plate (20; 30) as well as a stiffening of the skin (2 3) making it possible to take up the hydrostatic thrust of a fresh concrete poured inside the internal volume 4 of such a construction element 1. Such a groove 202 is made close to and / or at the level of an opening 200, in particular on either side of such an opening 200 and / or so that such a groove 202 opens inside such an opening 200 as illustrated in FIG. 2. A particular embodiment consists of in that such grooves 202 are made so as to define a grid, more particularly around such an opening 200 (Figure 2).

Such a groove 202 has a width and / or a depth of between 0.7 and 15 mm, preferably of the order of 10 mm. Finally, and with regard to the insulating plate or plates (20; 30), these (20; 30) have a thickness of between 20 and 40 mm, preferably of the order of 30 mm. As mentioned above, at least one of the skins (2; 3) comprises a layer (21; 31) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC).

Such an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPCF) then contains metal, polymer and / or mineral fibers. In fact, such fibers have, on the one hand, a length of between 5 and 40 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm and, on the other hand, a section of between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, preferably between between 0.1 and 0.3mm. This ultra high performance fibered concrete (UHPC) contains at least ultrafine, including silica fumes, microfillers (more particularly limestone or siliceous) and / or pozzolans (especially natural or artificial, including metakaolins). This fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPCF) also contains at least one filler, preferably ash, pozzolans or the like.

Additionally, such fiber concrete (UHPC) may also contain a mineral filler (more particularly sand) whose constituents have a size less than 1 mm. However, such fiber concrete (UHPC) is free of mineral fillers whose constituents have a size greater than 1 mm, such as chippings, gravel, pebbles or rock fragments. Finally, such fiber concrete (UHPC) may contain at least one coloring substance. This makes it possible to tint the fiber-reinforced concrete layer (21; 31), more particularly that 21 intended to be oriented towards the exterior of the building. With regard to the thickness of such a fiber-reinforced concrete layer (21; 31), the latter (21; 31) may be between 3 30 and 15 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm. As mentioned above, the skins (2; 3) of the construction element 1 according to the invention are interconnected (2; 3) by means of at least one connecting means 5 which adopts, preferably, the form of a connector made of a composite material.

The number of these connecting means 5 can advantageously be adapted according to the use of the construction element 1. Thus and in the context of a construction element 1 for the realization of a wall M, such a construction element 1 preferably comprises 6 connecting means 5 as illustrated in FIG. 2. An additional characteristic of the construction element 1 according to the invention consists in that the latter 1 comprises, on the one hand, and at the level of at least one side edge, means for assembling this building element 1 with another (identical) construction element juxtaposed or superimposed 1 'and, on the other hand and at the level of at minus another lateral edge, a complementary means for assembling this construction element 1 with another juxtaposed building element 1b or to which it is superimposed, it will be observed that such an assembly means can be defined at two chan successive lateral ts of the construction element 1 while such a complementary assembly means is, then, defined at the level of two other successive lateral edges of this element 1. These assembly means and these complementary assembly means are designed (more particularly dimensioned and / or shaped) to cooperate with a view to such an assembly, preferably so that two construction elements 1 thus assembled are in line with one another, in an aligned manner and without apparent shift. A preferred embodiment consists in that, on the one hand, an assembly means takes the form of a tongue and, on the other hand, a complementary assembly means adopts the shape of a groove. In fact, it is, more particularly, at least one insulating plate (20; 30) of this construction element 1 which comprises such assembly means and such additional assembly means. As mentioned above, at least one skin 2 of the building element 1 according to the invention comprises an insulating plate 21 and a layer 31 of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete BFUP.

In fact and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the two skins (2; 3) of the construction element 1 according to the invention comprise such an insulating plate 21 (having the characteristics described in FIG. above) and such a layer 31 of ultra high performance fibered concrete 10 (having the characteristics described above). As can be seen in FIG. 1, a construction element 1 according to the invention has a shape that is usually parallelepipedal.

Such a construction element 1 has, on the one hand, a length of between 1.00m and 1.40m, preferably of the order of 1.20m and, on the other hand, a width of between 0.50 and 0.70m, preferably of the order of 0.60m. The above-described features of a building element 1 according to the invention advantageously make it possible to limit the weight of such a building element 1 which is then between 25 and 40 kg which allows such a construction element 1 to be handled, handled, transported and implanted by a single operator.

In fact, such a construction element 1 can be used to produce, by assembling a plurality of these building elements 1, a sill, a wall M (in particular of basement, underbody, structural, architectural, decorative or otherwise) or the like.

Such an assembly is then produced by bonding and / or by cooperation between an assembly means that comprises a construction element 1 with a complementary assembly means that comprises another construction element (1a; 1b). Finally, the present invention also relates to a wall M (in particular of basement, basement, structural, architectural, decorative or other) comprising a plurality of building elements (1). 1 ", 1", 1 "), according to the present invention, having the characteristics described above, and assembled juxtaposed or superimposed.

In this regard, it will be observed that such a wall M may comprise openings O, more particularly constituted by a door, a window or the like. Such an opening O can then advantageously be defined by omitting at least one construction element 1 during the production of the wall M by assembling such building elements 1 as illustrated in FIG. 4.

Claims (16)

REVENDICATIONS1. Construction element (1) for the production of a sill or a wall (M) and transportable manually, this construction element (1) comprising, on the one hand, two skins (2; 3) arranged opposite the one (2) of the other (3), substantially parallel and spaced so as to define between them (2; 3) an internal volume (4) to the construction element (1), on the other hand at least one connecting means (5) for these two skins (2; 3) between them, characterized in that: - at least one skin (2; 3) comprises, on the one hand and internally to the element of construction (1), a plate (20) made of an insulating material and provided with at least one opening (200) traversed by a connecting means (5) and, on the other hand and externally to the building element (1), a layer (21) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC), covering the insulating plate (20), and inside which (21) is embedded an end (50) of at least one connecting means (5) passing through such an insulating plate (20); the other skin (3) comprises such an insulating plate (30) and / or such a layer (31) of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPCF) receiving the other end (51) of at least one means of connection (5). 2. Construction element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultra high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) contains metal, polymer and / or mineral fibers. 3. Element of construction (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the fibers have, on the one hand, a length of between 5 and 40mm, preferably between 10 and 20mm and, secondly, a section between 0.05 and 0.5mm, preferably between 0.1 and 0.3mm. 4. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibered concrete (UFUP) contains at least ultrafine, including silica fumes, microfillers and / or pozzolans. 5. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced concrete (BFUP) contains at least one filler, preferably ash, pozzolans or the like. 6. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) also contains a mineral filler whose constituents have a size less than 1 mm. 7. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced concrete (UFUP) contains, still, at least one coloring substance. 8. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating plate (20; 30) comprises at least one recess (201) formed on the side of this plate (20; 30). covered by the layer (21; 31) of fiber concrete, bordering an opening (200) traversed by a connecting means (5), and containing fiber concrete constituting this layer (21; 31) of fiber concrete. 9. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating plate (20; 30) comprises at least one groove formed on the side of this plate (20; 30) covered by the layer (21; 31) of fiber-reinforced concrete, and containing fiber-reinforced concrete constituting this layer (21; 31) of fiber-reinforced concrete. 10. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating plate (20; 30) is made of polystyrene, preferably of polystyrene foam and / or extruded. 11. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening or openings (200) in the insulating plate (20; 30) have a section greater than that of the connecting means ( 5) which passes through such an opening (200), this entails defining a gap filled with fiber concrete constituting the layer (21; 31) of fiber concrete. 12. Element of construction (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means (5) is constituted by a connector made of a composite material. 13. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction element (1), more particularly at least one insulating plate (20; 30) of this construction element (1 ) comprises, on the one hand and at the level of at least one side edge, means for assembling this construction element (1) with another juxtaposed (la) or superimposed construction element (1 ') and on the other hand and at the level of at least one other side edge, a complementary means for assembling this construction element (1) with another juxtaposed building element (Ib) or at which (1 ") it is superimposed. 14. Construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating plate (20; 30) has a thickness of between 20 and 40 mm, preferably of the order of 30 mm, and or the layer (21; 31) of fiber concrete has a thickness of between 3 and 15 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm. Construction element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction element (1) has a length of between 1.00 m and 1.40 m preferably of the order of 1.20m and, secondly, a width between 0.50 and 0.70m, preferably of the order of 0.60m. 16. Wall (M), in particular of basement, basement, structural, architectural, decorative or other, comprising a plurality of building elements (1, 1a, 1b, 1 ', 1 "), in accordance with the any of the preceding claims, and assembled in a juxtaposed or superimposed manner.