FR2673702A1 - Biomass incineration furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass incineration furnace intended for the incineration of products deriving from biomass whether combustible or not. It comprises a circular chamber (1) which is vertical or otherwise, into which the products deriving from the biomass to be incinerated (6), the combustion air (7) and the dilution air (9) are admitted. The air quantities necessary for operation are led in via a set of ducts (7) and (9), in which the flows are regulated and balanced by flow calibration flaps (12). These ducts (7) and (9) serve for conveying into the open air by natural draught with addition, if appropriate, of a single duct (11) at the time of stoppage of the biomass incineration furnace, deliberate or otherwise.

Description

 The present invention relates to a biomass incinerator hearth.

 This biomass incinerator hearth has a circular incineration chamber provided with a refractory lining and internal insulation.

 This chamber can be positioned vertically or horizontally and operate under pressure or vacuum.

 The upper part of this chamber has a protected vault receiving the ignition burners and supplying products from combustible or non-combustible biomass to be incinerated.

 The fumes from incineration can be used for drying or heating for example.

 We know of various fireplaces or generators using biomass products as fuel.

 However, in these known materials which operate under vacuum, the combustion and / or dilution air is heated by the thermal energy released by the refractories which thus cool, reducing the radiation effect of the latter making it possible to obtain good incineration.

 The present invention aims to create a biomass incinerator hearth to obtain an ideal high temperature compatible with the incineration of products from combustible or non-combustible biomass.

 To this end, the present invention relates to a biomass incinerator hearth making it possible to obtain the temperatures necessary for incineration and characterized in that the circular incineration chamber is provided with a refractory lining and internal insulation whose accumulated thermal energy is completely restored by radiation allowing perfect incineration of products from combustible or non-combustible biomass.

 This radiation is controlled by adjusting and balancing the flow rates of the combustion and dilution air in ducts fitted with flow adjustment flaps.

 The adjustment of the combustion air makes it possible to obtain an ideal incineration temperature, the adjustment and balancing of the dilution air guaranteeing the good resistance of the refractories.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, all of these air ducts allow venting by natural draft of the biomass foyer'incinerator during its shutdown, whether caused or not.

 This set of sheaths can optionally be connected to a single outdoor vent duct by natural draft.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the fumes extracted from the biomass incinerator hearth can be cooled if necessary by a supply of regulated outside air.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to a non-limiting example of embodiment of the biomass incinerator hearth shown in the accompanying drawings in which - FIGURE I represents in vertical section, by way of example not
limiting, an implementation of the biomass incinerator hearth making
the object of the present invention.

- FIGURE II represents a section along the horizontal plane
of FIGURE I.

 The biomass incinerator hearth according to the invention comprises a circular incineration chamber (1) provided with a refractory lining and internal insulation (2).

 This circular chamber includes a vault (3) protected from refractories receiving the refractory flue (4) of the ignition burner (5) and the air intake flue for supplying the airs from products from combustible or non-combustible biomass to incinerate (6) and combustion brought by the sheath (7).

 The dilution air is conveyed by the sheaths (9) and introduced into the biomass incinerator hearth through the openings (8).

 The possible cooling air of the fumes from the biomass incinerator hearth is conveyed by the sheath (10) and regulated by the flow setting flap (12).

 The ducts (9) and (10) are optionally connected in a single duct (11) for admitting outside air.

 The adjustment and balancing of the air flows in these ducts are ensured by the flow setting flaps (12).

 The ashes from incineration in the biomass incinerator hearth are collected in the ashtray (13) whose slopes (14) form a hopper and allow their centralized extraction by any means known through the openings (15).

 The incineration fumes are extracted from the biomass incinerator hearth by the sheath (16) provided with a refractory and insulating coating (17), sheath positioned at any location on its periphery according to the desired incineration time.

 The cooled or uncooled fumes exit at the end of the duct (18).

 The thermometric probes (19) allow the temperature regulators (21) to obtain ideal incineration temperatures by acting on the flow setting flaps (12).

 The good aeraulics of the system being controlled by the vacuum meters (20).

 When the biomass incinerator hearth is brought about, whether or not caused, the sheaths (9) and (10) allow the air to be vented by natural draft from the hearth and the natural cooling of the refractories.

 The possible installation of the single sheath (11) makes it possible to centralize this outdoor venting by natural draft.

 The biomass incinerator hearth that is the subject of the present invention is capable of incinerating products obtained from biomass such as sawdust and wood shavings, cellulosic flakes or not, sludge, liquids and all other combustible or non-combustible products.

Claims (3)

 1. Biomass incinerator hearth for products from biomass comprising a circular incineration chamber (1) provided with a refractory lining and internal insulation (2) and a protected vault (3) receiving the ignition burners (5) with its feeder (4) and supplying products from biomass, whether combustible or not, to be incinerated (6), the combustion and dilution air being brought respectively into the biomass incinerator hearth by the sheaths (7) and (9) emerging therein through the openings (8), the flows of these airs being regulated and balanced by the flow setting flaps (12).  2. Biomass incinerator hearth according to claim 1. characterized in that it optionally comprises a single external air inlet duct (11) to which the ducts conveying the combustion air (7), dilution (9) are connected ) and possible cooling (10).  3. Biomass incinerator hearth according to claims 1. and 2. characterized in that the sheaths conveying the air of combustion (7), of dilution (8) and possible cooling (9) serve for venting by draft natural when the biomass incinerator hearth is brought about, whether or not caused by the possible single sheath (11).