FR2605946A1 - THERMAL-ELECTRIC MIXED ENGINE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

A) MIXED THERMAL-ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES. B) CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT CONSISTS OF A MECHANISM, WHOSE MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC ACTION BY THE DRIVER ALLOWS THE OPERATION OF THERMAL MOTOR 2 OR ELECTRIC MOTOR 7 TO BE SELECTED; PROVIDING THAT SUCH A MECHANISM IS PREFERABLY CONSTITUTED BY A COUPLER-DECOUPLER 8 SHAPED BY A COUPLE OF JOINT PINIONS, THE TWO PINIONS FACE AXIALLY TO ALLOW THEIR GEAR BY MEANS OF AN EXTERNAL CROWN WITH THE TWO SPROCKETS, THE VEHICLE OPERATING IN THIS CASE WITH THE THERMAL ENGINE; OR TO DISCONNECT THE SAID SPROCKETS FOR THE VEHICLE TO WORK WITH THE ELECTRIC MOTOR. C) THE INVENTION CONCERNS A MIXED THERMAL-ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE.

Description

THERMAL-ELECTRIC MIXED ENGINE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES

  The present invention relates to a mixed engine system for vehicles whose main purpose is to allow a vehicle to be indistinctly driven by a heat engine or an electric motor, according to the needs and desires of the user.

As a result of the problems and irncon-

  such as noise, contamination, high fuel costs, etc., a few years ago we started to research the electric vehicle that is not logically neither noisy nor polluting and whose energy is more economical than

that derived from oil.

  In this sense, the electrical energy required by a motor vehicle will come from a group of batteries. It is obvious that to obtain greater autonomy of such electric vehicles, it is necessary to increase the number of batteries, which leads to a reduction in the transport capacity and, of course, a reduction in the effective surface area of the vehicle. vehicle. Moreover, there are nowadays electric vehicles but which, because of their limited autonomy, have a small combustion engine

  complementary or accessory to avoid paralysis

  of the vehicle in the event that the batteries are discharged, the small accessory heat engine to move the vehicle to a source of

electric energy.

  The mixed engine system for vehicles recommended according to the present invention has a different approach: the vehicle can also operate at full capacity and capacity as well if it operates with its engine that if it

made with his electric motor.

  It can be said that thermal engines have their disadvantages and their advantages, and that the same applies to electric motors,

  which makes it ideal to design an engine that combines

  the advantages of these two types of motor and overcoming the disadvantages of these, and this is precisely

  what the engine system of the invention seeks and obtains

  and will be discussed in more detail later.

  As is known, the diesel engine or gasoline-fueled vehicle, or butane, etc ..., by its great ease and speed to refuel, can allow the use of powerful engines guaranteeing optimal performance and great autonomy on the road, while in the city its performance is much lower, the cost of transport increasing accordingly, to which we must add the ecological aggression caused by its pollutants and its gases. noises, especially-in the city center thanks to traffic jams and traffic lights. With regard to the electric vehicle, it is precisely the opposite that occurs, in that its autonomy normally oscillates between 60 and 80 km and where its maximum speed is approximately km / hour, which makes it must supply energy with batteries or accumulators very heavy and bulky taking 8 to 10 hours to be recharged. These features mean that the electric vehicle can not be used on the road for long journeys, while it is ideal for driving in the city where the courses intended for the delivery of parcels, bottle holders, the lifting of the mail,

  garbage collection, etc ... never exceed 60-

  kms and o the maximum reasonable speed used does

must not exceed 60 km / h.

  It is also obvious that the electric vehicle does not pollute and makes no noise and, at times of stoppage due to traffic jams, traffic lights or delivery requirements, it does not expend energy as the make vehicles

  thermal. Every braking effort results in a recovery

  energy ration, in that it automatically converts the traction motor into a power generator sending power to the batteries. As a result, unlike in the case of the land vehicle, an electric vehicle consumes less

  in the middle of the road, the cost of

significantly.

  Not to mention that the electric motor does not consume oil and do not use brakes, clutch, etc ..., which are the elements that work

the most in town.

  That is why, when we know the disadvantages and the advantages of the electric and electric vehicles, it comes to mind the need to create a vehicle bringing together in one the advantages of both, and that's how it was. precisely designed the mixed engine system of the invention that can be said that by applying it to a vehicle, the latter becomes

a "hybrid" vehicle.

  The system consists of coupling to a heat engine, without altering its characteristics and performance, all the elements to transform it, by simply turning the ignition key, into an electric vehicle and use it as such to convenient locations and times

of the driver.

  That is to say that the vehicle provided with the recommended mixed engine system can be driven indiscriminately and at will by thermal or electrical energy, thus saving fuel, reducing noise and pollution in places the

  more embarrassing and unhealthy, all without problem of autonomy.

  In addition, the vehicle equipped with the mixed engine system will present all the performance of a thermal vehicle for its preferential use out of the city, and will have all the advantages of the electric vehicle by using it in the city, so that, by the fact that during the urban circuit work the performance of the speed takes second place, the choice of the power of the electric motor depends on the torque or moment of starting because, as the power required to move a vehicle is proportional to the cube of speed, we see that at low values of the latter, this factor, although not negligible,

  is almost canceled, and the value of the couple of start-

  The power of an electric motor is several times greater than that of the equal-power thermal engine. On the other hand, having the high starting torque at the beginning of the displacement causes the calculation of the power of the electric motor to be substantially lower

  to that of the thermal. During the tests carried out, the combination

  The 57 kw heat engine and 13.5 kw electric motor produced satisfactory results, with work at speeds of 40 km / h and an average speed of 20 km / h. hour, values considered ideal for the job

  of a vehicle in cities and indicated by the user.

  Ultimately, the speed of the vehicle is overloaded with the use that we want to make of the energy stored in the batteries, that is to say that the higher the speed, the more autonomy is

reduced and vice versa.

  Basically, the mixed engine system consists of putting a decoupler between the engine and the electric motor, thanks to which the vehicle can operate, both with the engine

  with the electric motor.

  When the vehicle is running on the electric motor, it will be equipped with a

  electronic device constituting an accelerating unit

  ration and associated with the accelerator pedal. Thanks to such an acceleration unit, it is possible to give a voltage variation that is practically linear between 0 and volts, which will be the signal sent to a regulator of

  electronic voltage for motor operation.

  This electronic voltage regulator is able to vary the voltage applied to the motor armature, thus allowing a continuous adjustment of the vehicle speed from 0 to 2000 rpm. The setting above this speed will be achieved gradually by varying the

  voltage applied to the excitation circuit or inductor.

  "Electric" braking will occur as soon as you lift your foot off the accelerator pedal, the engine becoming a generator;

  will intensify if the hydraulic brake pedal is

  via the signal sent to the regulator

  by the auxiliary switch activating this pedal.

  By connecting the regulator, a fan will be turned on to cool the motor. The charger is completed by a battery charger preferably constituted by a static converter of ac current in direct current.

To allow a better understanding

  grasping the features of the invention, an embodiment of the invention will be shown in the drawings and will be explained in more detail below;

- Figure 1 shows a sketchy view

  a vehicle equipped with the mixed engine system of the invention;

- Figure 2 shows a similar view

  to the previous one, according to a specific element mounting mode of the mixed motor system; - Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the decoupler which is part of the engine system and which is provided to allow the vehicle to operate

  with the engine or with the electric motor.

  As can be seen in the figures, the mixed engine system of the invention is applicable to any type of conventional vehicle, generally indicated under the reference 1, comprising the corresponding heat engine 2, the clutch 3, the gearbox 4, transmission 5 and differential

6.

  It is possible to apply to a conventional vehicle, such as that described, the system of the invention so that it can operate indiscriminately as a motor vehicle and as a motor vehicle electric motor. To do this, it is of course necessary to incorporate the corresponding electric motor 7, by interposing between it and the heat engine a coupler - decoupler 8, manually operable by means of an external lever 9, to allow coupling and the uncoupling between the parties and so choose voluntarily that the vehicle runs with the engine

  thermal 2 or with the electric motor 7.

  Naturally, the vehicle 1 will be provided with the corresponding batteries 10 to power the electric motor 7, which will be further adjustable by means of a voltage regulator 14 and a battery charger 11 and the acceleration unit 15

  corresponding, the actuation of which will simultaneously

  its action on the heat engine 2 and / or on the electric motor 7, the control cable 12 being interposed between the acceleration unit 15 and the electric motor 7, with a branch or bypass 13

to the engine 2.

  The way of arranging the electric motor may vary; thus, in Figure 1, the electric motor 7 is mounted following the clutch 3, while in Figure 2 it is mounted before the clutch 3. In any case, the shaft of the electric motor 7 is a element that will turn as well if the operation is done with the own electric motor that when it is done with the engine. Similarly, the electric motor 7 can be mounted offset from the linear axis of the vehicle, or not aligned between the shaft of the heat engine 2 and the transmission shaft

5.

  When the electric motor 7 is mounted before the clutch 3, as shown in FIG. 2, the different gear changes can be made in the normal way-in the same way as

  when the vehicle is running with the engine -

  while when the electric motor is mounted

260S946

  after the clutch 3, the gearshift will be done only with the aid of the regulator 14 when acting on

  this one the pedal cable of the accelerator 15.

  The coupler-decoupler 8, in the case of mechanical actuation, consists only of a gear mechanism allowing, by actuating the lever 9, coupling and uncoupling between the shaft of the engine 2 and the engine shaft. electric motor 7, such a mechanism comprising a pair of pinions 16 and 17, the first integral with the shaft 18 of the heat engine 2 and the other integral with the shaft 19 of the electric motor 7, the two pinions 16 and 17 being arranged in line, as can be seen in Figure 3, so that they can mesh simultaneously with an outer ring 20 which emerges the actuating lever 9. In this way, when the ring 20 is between the two gears 16 and 17, meshing simultaneously with both, the vehicle will then operate with the engine 2, while when the crown 20 moves to the left, as indicated by the arrow on the part

  of the pinion 16, the disengagement then occurs

  between sprockets 16 and 17 and the vehicle

  will operate with the electric motor.

  When the vehicle operates with the engine, its behavior will be normal behavior, the batteries 10 can be recharged in the measure

  the shaft 19 of the electric motor is still rotating.

  In the same way, descending the coast and braking, the batteries will recharge to the extent that we take advantage for this purpose of energy

generated by such braking.

  When the vehicle operates with the electric motor 3, after canceling the engine with a simple switch key (not shown) within the reach of the driver, we will firstly pass one of the gearbox speeds at

  4 to change from O to the recommended speed

  most suitable for the course to be completed.

  Then the accelerator pedal is pressed and the vehicle starts to roll, so that when you stop pressing the accelerator, the vehicle stops and, on a simple foot command, the vehicle obeys to the accelerator. When you stop accelerating, there is self-braking by energy recovery, when the engine becomes generator, which intensifies if you operate the brake pedal. When the vehicle is stationary, it

  there is neither energy consumption nor energy transfer.

  This means that at the traffic lights or during traffic jams there will be no expense whatsoever of any kind, the vehicle consuming only

  when on or off.

  Thus, as already mentioned, a "hybrid" vehicle consisting in coupling to a thermal vehicle, without altering its characteristics or performance, all the elements enabling it to be transformed, by simply turning the ignition key, in an electric vehicle and use it as such

  at the right time and place, at the driver's choice.

Value added to the vehicle

  is more than justified by the environmental benefits

  the practicalities and practices involved, as well as its reduced operating cost when

  in an electric version, which makes it possible to amortize

  transformation after a certain period of time.

  It is not necessary to insist that a vehicle equipped with the described system behaves on the road like a thermal vehicle (with its advantages of autonomy and high speeds), and in cities like an electric vehicle ( with its advantages

  reduced consumption, the absence of noise and contamination

mination).

  Finally, let's say that the system is equipped with a switch, not shown, thanks to which we

  selects the desired job without errors

  is lying; and that the decoupler 8 is a possible means

  for different power take-offs for

  such as skips or similar.

REVTENDICATIONS

  1- A mixed engine system for vehicles, intended to be part of vehicles equipped with a conventional heat engine, so that the vehicle can operate indistinctly with the engine (2) or with an electric motor (7) incorporated in the vehicle and powered with the aid of batteries (14) or corresponding accumulators, characterized in that it consists of a mechanism, the manual or automatic actuation of which

  the driver's share, allows to select the function-

  the heat engine (2) or the electric motor (7); having provided that such a mechanism is preferably constituted by a couplerdécoupleur (8) formed by a pair of integral pinions, one (16) of them attached to the shaft of the engine and the other (17). ) to the shaft of the electric motor, the two gears being axially facing to allow their gearing by means of an outer ring which is associated with a lever (9) for manual actuation with which this ring (20) is capable of to be moved axially and to mesh with the two gears, the vehicle operating in this case with the engine; or to disconnect said sprockets so that the vehicle operates with the electric motor, the shaft of the latter being mounted in such a way that it always turns, both when the engine is running and when

operates the electric motor.

  2- mixed motor system for vehicles, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor (7) is mounted following the clutch (3) and the decoupler (8), the clutch being all from

  following after the heat engine (2).

  3- mixed motor system for vehicles, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor (7) is mnté before the clutch (3) and at the

  following the heat engine (7) and decoupler (8).

4- Mixed engine system for

  vehicles according to any one of claims 1,

  2 and 3, characterized in that the electric motors (7) and the thermal motors (2) are not coaxial and are connected via the decoupler coupler to the control box.

speed (4).

5- Mixed engine system for

  vehicles, according to any of the claims

  1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that between the electric motor (7) and the batteries (10) is interposed an electronic voltage regulator (14) by which 1.5 can adjust the speed of the vehicle, by acting on the regulator by the cable of the acceleration unit,

  this one being provided for both engines.