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FR2546285A1 - Repairing damaged refractory linings, e.g. in coke oven - Google Patents

Repairing damaged refractory linings, e.g. in coke oven Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2546285A1
FR2546285A1 FR8403488A FR8403488A FR2546285A1 FR 2546285 A1 FR2546285 A1 FR 2546285A1 FR 8403488 A FR8403488 A FR 8403488A FR 8403488 A FR8403488 A FR 8403488A FR 2546285 A1 FR2546285 A1 FR 2546285A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
lining
plasma burner
refractory material
refractory
hot
Prior art date
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Application number
FR8403488A
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French (fr)
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FR2546285B1 (en
Inventor
Theophile Martens
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Sidmar SA
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Sidmar SA
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1642Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
    • F27D1/1647Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen
    • F27D1/1668Plasma guniting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

Damaged refractory linings in the hot state are repaired by projecting onto the damaged areas a refractory material which has been heated to a high temp. in a plasma burner. Pref. the powdered refractory material is suspended in a gas and heated to the required temp. by passing the gas/powder suspension through a plasma burner; or the powdered refractory material is introduced into the hot gas stream emanating from a plasma burner, after which the heated refractory material is projected onto the damaged area of the refractory lining. Pref. the powdered refractory material is heated to above its m.pt. By using the plasma burner, powdered refractory materials with a very high m.pt. can be processes, such as oxides of Si, Al and/or Zr, or carbides such as silicon carbide.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réparation de garnissages réfractaires chauds, tels que ceux que l'on utilise notamment dans les fours de métallurgie ou de verrerie. The present invention relates to a method of repairing hot refractory linings, such as those which are used in particular in metallurgy or glass furnaces.

Elle concerne également les garnissages ainsi réparés. It also relates to the linings thus repaired.

La description qui va suivre est, b ' titre d'exemple, axée sur la réparation du garnisage de fours à coke, mais il est évident que l'invention n'est nullement limitée à cette application. The description which follows is, by way of example, focused on the repair of the lining of coke ovens, but it is obvious that the invention is in no way limited to this application.

On sait que le garnissage d'un four tel qu'un four à coke est soumis en service à des sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques qui entraînent sa dégradation, notamment par fissuration ou écaillage. It is known that the lining of an oven such as a coke oven is subjected in service to thermal and mechanical stresses which cause its degradation, in particular by cracking or chipping.

Différentes méthodes ont déjà été proposées pour tenter de réparer à chaud les garnissages réfractaires dégradés. On évite ainsi les dégradations d'origine thermique dues au refroidissement et au réchauffage des fours. Various methods have already been proposed in an attempt to repair hot degraded refractory linings. This avoids thermal damage due to the cooling and heating of the ovens.

Un premier procédé connu consiste à projeter sur la partie endommagée du garnissage un mélange pulvérulent, contenant notamment au moins un métal capable de former un oxyde réfractaire, entraîné par un courant d'oxygène. A first known method consists in spraying the damaged part of the lining with a pulverulent mixture, containing in particular at least one metal capable of forming a refractory oxide, entrained by a stream of oxygen.

En pratique, ce procédé est limité au dépôt des oxydes de métaux combustibles, tels que le magnésium, l'aluminium, le calcium, le silicium. In practice, this process is limited to the deposition of oxides of combustible metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, calcium, silicon.

Fn outre, étant basé sur la combustion d'un métal combustible avec de l'oxygène, il entraîne une consommation importante de ces substances. Le coût de ces métaux combustibles (Al, Si, Mg) d'une part, et de l'oxygène d'autre part, constitue un autre inconvénient pour ce procédé.  In addition, being based on the combustion of a combustible metal with oxygen, it results in a significant consumption of these substances. Another disadvantage for this process is the cost of these combustible metals (Al, Si, Mg) on the one hand, and oxygen on the other.

Enfin, il ne permet guère de réaliser des dépits avec des débits très élevés ; dans le cas de réparations importantes, la durée des travaux peut donc être longue. Finally, it hardly makes it possible to produce outlets with very high throughputs; in the case of major repairs, the duration of the work may therefore be long.

On connaît une autre méthode consistaht à fondre un matériau réfractaire en poudre dans une flamme à haute température et à la projeter, à ltétat fondu, sur la surface à réparer. Another method is known which consists in melting a powdered refractory material in a flame at high temperature and in projecting it, in the molten state, onto the surface to be repaired.

Cette méthode comporte la formation d'une flamme pouvant atteindre une température suffisante pour assurer la fusion du matériau réfractaire à projeter. A cet effet, elle implique la consommation d'un combustible, par exemple d'un hydrocarbure gazeux à haut pouvoir calorifique, et d'un comburant, notamment d'oxygène. Son coût d'utilisation est donc élevé. This method involves the formation of a flame that can reach a temperature sufficient to ensure the melting of the refractory material to be sprayed. To this end, it involves the consumption of a fuel, for example a gaseous hydrocarbon with high calorific value, and of an oxidizer, in particular of oxygen. Its cost of use is therefore high.

Par ailleurs, l'obtention d'un bon résultat, c'est-à-dire d'un garnissage correctement réparé, suppose que le débit de poudre soit soigneusement adapté à la capacité de fusion du brûleur. Ce réglage peut s'avérer délicat et compromettre la qualité de la réparation effectuée. Furthermore, obtaining a good result, that is to say a properly repaired lining, assumes that the powder flow rate is carefully adapted to the melting capacity of the burner. This adjustment can be delicate and compromise the quality of the repair carried out.

Enfin, l'espace disponible dans certains fours, en particulier dans les fours à coke, peut ne pas être suffisant pour permettre l'introduction d'appareils de projection de forte puissance. I1 en résulte que les réparations peuvent également être très longues. Finally, the space available in certain ovens, in particular in coke ovens, may not be sufficient to allow the introduction of high-powered projection devices. As a result, repairs can also be very long.

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé qui permet de réparer les garnissages réfractaires endommagés. The subject of the present invention is a method which makes it possible to repair damaged refractory linings.

lin autre objet de l'invention est de révéler un procédé qui permet d'effectuer la éparation des garnissages réfractaires par projection, sans utiliser de flamme résultant de la combustion d'un mélange gazeux.  Another object of the invention is to reveal a process which makes it possible to separate refractory linings by projection, without using a flame resulting from the combustion of a gaseous mixture.

Le procédé de réparation de garnissages réfractaires qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, dans lequel on projette sur la surface endommagée un matériau réfractaire pulvérulent porté à haute température est caractérisé en ce que l'on échauffe ledit matériau au moyen d'un brûleur à plasma, et en ce qu'on le projette ensuite sur la surface endommagde.  The method of repairing refractory linings which is the subject of the present invention, in which a pulverulent refractory material brought to high temperature is projected onto the damaged surface is characterized in that said material is heated by means of a burner plasma, and in that it is then projected onto the damaged surface.

Selon une variante du procédé de l'invention, on met le matériau réfractaire pulvérulent en suspension dans un gaz, on fait passer ledit gaz contenant le matériau en suspension dans un brûleur à plasma, afin de le porter à la température désirée, et on projette ledit matériau chaud sur la surface à réparer. According to a variant of the process of the invention, the powdery refractory material is suspended in a gas, said gas containing the material in suspension is passed through a plasma burner, in order to bring it to the desired temperature, and it is projected said hot material on the surface to be repaired.

Selon une autre variante du procédé de l'invention, on introduit le matériau réfractaire pulvérulent dans un courant de gaz chaud sortant d'un brûleur à plasma et dirigé vers la surface à réparer. According to another variant of the process of the invention, the pulverulent refractory material is introduced into a stream of hot gas leaving a plasma burner and directed towards the surface to be repaired.

Le procédé de zip l'invention présente 11avantage de permettre l'utilisation de différents types de gaz plasmagènes, oxydants, neutres ou réducteurs, selon la nature du matériau à déposer
Parmi les matériaux que le procédé de l'invention vermet de déposer, on peut citer les oxydes tels que la silice ou l'alumine, ainsi que des carbures, tels que le carbure de silicium.
The zip method of the invention has the advantage of allowing the use of different types of plasma gas, oxidizing, neutral or reducing, depending on the nature of the material to be deposited.
Among the materials which the process of the invention allows to deposit, there may be mentioned oxides such as silica or alumina, as well as carbides, such as silicon carbide.

Selon l'invention, il est également possible de déposer par projection des matériaux dont la température de fusion est particulièrement élevée, tel que l'oxyde de zirconium. According to the invention, it is also possible to deposit by projection materials whose melting temperature is particularly high, such as zirconium oxide.

Dans le cadre particulier des fours è coke , le brûleur à plasma est avantageusement manoeuvré par un bras s'étendant e' l'intérieur de la cellule du four. La mise en oeuvre de cette opération est facilitée par le procédé de l'invention, en raison du poids et de l'encombrement réduits du brûleur à plasma par rapport eux brûleurs à gaz. In the particular context of coke ovens, the plasma burner is advantageously operated by an arm extending inside the furnace cell. The implementation of this operation is facilitated by the method of the invention, due to the reduced weight and size of the plasma burner compared to them gas burners.

Selon une modalité intéressante de mise en oeuvre, on manoeuvre le brûleur à plasma à l'aide d'au moins un bras art ioulé.  According to an advantageous mode of implementation, the plasma burner is operated using at least one coated art arm.

Toujours selon l'invention, on équipe une batterie de fours à coke d'au moins un bras articulé, monté sur un chariot mobile le 1 g de la batterie de fours et pouvant desservir les différentes cellules de ladite batterie. Still according to the invention, a battery of coke ovens is equipped with at least one articulated arm, mounted on a mobile carriage, 1 g of the battery of ovens and capable of serving the various cells of said battery.

Le procédé de l'invention s'est avéré particulièrement intéressant pour la réparation du garnissage réfractaire des cellules de fours à coke, dans lesquelles l'espace -disponible est limité et ne permet pas l'utilisation d'appareils de projection de grandes dimensions. The process of the invention has proved to be particularly advantageous for the repair of the refractory lining of the cells of coke ovens, in which the space available is limited and does not allow the use of large projection devices.

A cet égard, le procédé de l'invention présente de nombreux avantages par rapport aux procédés antérieurs. In this regard, the method of the invention has many advantages over the prior methods.

Fn particulier, il permet d'atteindre des puissances élevées, grâce auxquelles on peut pratiquer de très importants débits de matériau; ce qui réduit sensiblement la d'irée des réparations. In particular, it allows high powers to be achieved, thanks to which very large material flows can be practiced; which significantly reduces the repair area.

En outre, la puissance du brûleur à plasma peut être aisément réglée ou modulée en fontion de la quantité ou du débit de matériau à déposer. In addition, the power of the plasma burner can be easily adjusted or modulated according to the quantity or flow of material to be deposited.

I1 offre également une grande souplesse de réglage de la température atteinte par le plasma,. ainsi que la possibilité de régler cette température avec précision. It also offers great flexibility in adjusting the temperature reached by the plasma. as well as the possibility of adjusting this temperature with precision.

I1 permet enfin d'atteindre les températures désirées dans des zones très localisées. Il assure donc une réparation plus précise des régions endommagées des garnissages, tout en réduisant les risques de dégradation par surchauffe des parties voisines, non endommagées.  It finally makes it possible to reach the desired temperatures in very localized areas. It therefore provides more precise repair of damaged regions of the linings, while reducing the risk of degradation by overheating of the neighboring, undamaged parts.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATI0NS 1. Procédé de réparation à chaud d'un garnissage réfractaire endommagé, dans lequel on projette sur la zone endommagée dudit garnissage un matériau réfractaire pulvérulent porté à haute température. c a r a c t é r i s é en ce que l'on porte ledit matériau à la température désirée au moyen d'un brûleur à plasma et en ce qu'on le projette ensuite sur ladite zone endommagée du garnissage. 1. A method of hot repairing a damaged refractory lining, in which a pulverulent refractory material brought to high temperature is sprayed onto the damaged area of said lining. it is in that said material is brought to the desired temperature by means of a plasma burner and in that it is then projected onto said damaged area of the lining. 2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, c a r a c t é r i s é en ce que l'on met ledit matériau réfractaire pulvérulent en suspension dans un gaz, en ce que l'on fait passer ledit gaz contenant ledit matériau en suspension dans un brûleur à plasma, afin de le porter à la température désirée et en ce que l'on projette ledit matériau chaud sur ladite zone endommagée du garnissage. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said powdery refractory material is suspended in a gas, in that said gas containing said material is passed in suspension in a plasma burner, in order to bring it to the desired temperature and in that said hot material is projected onto said damaged area of the lining. 3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, c a r a c t é r i s é en ce que l'on introduit ledit matériau réfractaire pulvérulent dans le courant de gaz chaud sortant du brûleur à plasma, afin de le porter à la température désirée et en ce que l'on projette ledit matériau chaud sur ladite zone endommagée du garnissage. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said powdery refractory material is introduced into the stream of hot gas leaving the plasma burner, in order to bring it to the desired temperature and in that one projects said hot material onto said damaged area of the lining. 4. Procédé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 3, c a r a c t é r i s é en ce que l'on porte ledit matériau réfractaire pulvérulent à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion. 4. Method according to either of claims 1 to 3, c a r a c t é r i sé in that said powdery refractory material is brought to a temperature above its melting temperature. 5. Procédé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 4, c a r a c t é r i s é en ce que l'on dépose, au moyen dudit brûleur à plasma, des matériaux présentant une température de fusion particulièrement élevée, notamment des oxydes, par exemple des oxydes de silicium, d'aluminium et/ou de Lirconium, ou des carbures, par exemple du carbure de silicium. 5. Method according to either of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, by means of said plasma burner, materials having a particularly high melting point, in particular oxides, are deposited, for example oxides of silicon, aluminum and / or lirconium, or carbides, for example silicon carbide. 6. Garnissage réfractaire réparé, plus particulièrement mais non exclussivement pour cellule de four à coke, c a r a c t é r i s é en ce qu'il a été obtenu selon le procédé objet de l'une ou l'autre des revendications.  6. Repaired refractory lining, more particularly but not exclusively for a coke oven cell, c a r a c t e r ized in that it was obtained according to the process which is the subject of either of the claims.
FR8403488A 1983-03-15 1984-02-29 IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS OF REPAIRING REFRACTORY LININGS AND LINES THUS REPAIRED Expired FR2546285B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU84697A LU84697A1 (en) 1983-03-15 1983-03-15 IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES FOR REPAIRING REFRACTORY LININGS

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FR2546285A1 true FR2546285A1 (en) 1984-11-23
FR2546285B1 FR2546285B1 (en) 1988-02-12

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FR8403488A Expired FR2546285B1 (en) 1983-03-15 1984-02-29 IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS OF REPAIRING REFRACTORY LININGS AND LINES THUS REPAIRED

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BE (1) BE899039A (en)
DE (1) DE3407490A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2546285B1 (en)
LU (1) LU84697A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635791B1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1992-01-10 Truffaut Edmond METHOD FOR REPAIRING INDUSTRIAL OVENS IN SERVICE OR SHUTDOWN USING A PLASMA-INJECTION LANCE

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1437713A (en) * 1965-03-31 1966-05-06 Union Carbide Corp Furnace coating process
FR2480421A1 (en) * 1980-04-09 1981-10-16 Do Nii Chernoj Metallurgii Torch gunning metallurgical furnace linings - by supplying jet of refractory material and annular jets of oxygen and fuel at specific rates

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1437713A (en) * 1965-03-31 1966-05-06 Union Carbide Corp Furnace coating process
FR2480421A1 (en) * 1980-04-09 1981-10-16 Do Nii Chernoj Metallurgii Torch gunning metallurgical furnace linings - by supplying jet of refractory material and annular jets of oxygen and fuel at specific rates

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MECANIQUE MATERIEUX ELECTRICITE, no. 53, août/septembre 1971, pages 4-11; *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU84697A1 (en) 1984-11-14
DE3407490A1 (en) 1984-09-20
BE899039A (en) 1984-08-29
FR2546285B1 (en) 1988-02-12

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