FR2543791A1

FR2543791A1 - Improvements to dressing devices for bushes such as vines and dressing devices comprising these improvements

Info

Publication number: FR2543791A1
Application number: FR8305975A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-04-06
Filing date: 1983-04-06
Publication date: 1984-10-12
Also published as: FR2543791B1

Abstract

Improvements to dressing devices intended for automatically and summarily dressing vines. The invention comprises a horizontal rotor 1, the blades 20 of which are straight, parallel to its shaft 15 and have their front contusive part curved so as to form, in section, a nose, the extrados of which is tangent over its entirety to the fictitious circle which it runs through in its rotation about the shaft 15, and the horizontal shaft of each of the vertical rotors 14 of which forms with the vertical plane an angle of 1 DEG to 2 DEG towards the rear of the apparatus, being completed by a horizontal transverse square bar 22 which is integral with the chassis 2 and the upper internal angle of which is level with the cutter 20 during their rotation, said bar interacting with a rear panel to retain the cut vine shoots and have them chopped up by the cutters 20. The invention can be used to improve the efficiency of the dressing devices used in viticulture.

Description

PERFECTIONNEMENTS AUX PRETAILLEUSES POUR
ARBUSTES TELS QUE LA VIGNE ET PRETAILLEUSES
COMPORTANT CES PERFECTIONNEMENTS
La présente invention a pour objet des perfectionnements aux prétailleuses destinées à tailler automatiquement et sommairement les arbustes tels que la vigne en vue de faciliter les travaux avant que la taille définitive soit effectuée.PRE-PUNCHING IMPROVEMENTS FOR
Shrubs such as vines and pre-pruning machines
INCLUDING THESE IMPROVEMENTS
The subject of the present invention is improvements to pre-pruners intended for automatically and roughly pruning shrubs such as vines in order to facilitate work before the final pruning is carried out.

De tels engins sont connus qui comportent un chassis métallique porté par un tracteur et animé par sa prise de force, celle-ci transmettant son mouvement à un rotor principal horizontal qui porte plusieurs jeux de lames qui se développent selon une portion d'hélice sur le cylindre fictif parcouru par elles au cours de leur rotation et au moins un jeu de lames verticales, situées de part et d'autre du rotor principal et en dessous de lui, dans le but de produire le même effet de cisaillement dans le plan vertical latéral, les plans de rotation de ces rotors secondaires étant parallèles entre eux et orthogonaux par rapport à l'axe du rotor principal,
A l'usage, il a été constaté que la coupe des rameaux ainsi obtenue n'était pas parfaitement franche, la rotation des couteaux ainsi organisé s produisant une surface de coupe partiellement éclatée, ce qui pouvait nuire au développernent de la végétation future.Such devices are known which include a metal chassis carried by a tractor and driven by its power take-off, the latter transmitting its movement to a horizontal main rotor which carries several sets of blades which develop along a portion of the propeller on the fictitious cylinder traversed by them during their rotation and at least one set of vertical blades, located on either side of the main rotor and below it, in order to produce the same shearing effect in the lateral vertical plane , the planes of rotation of these secondary rotors being mutually parallel and orthogonal to the axis of the main rotor,
In use, it was found that the cutting of the branches thus obtained was not perfectly straight, the rotation of the knives thus organized producing a partially exploded cutting surface, which could harm the development of future vegetation.

il a été constaté que eet éclatement partiel du bois au niveau de la surface de coupe était dl, en ce qui concerne les couteaux horizontaux, à ce que iarAete tranchante desdits couteaux n'était pas oritltée dans le plan de coupe Et etc ce qui concerne les couteaux verticaux, cela provenait du fait que dans leur rotation dans un plan parallèle à l'avancement de l'engins le même rameau était battu plusieurs fois par les lames du même rotor après avoir été cisaillé. it was found that this partial splitting of the wood at the level of the cutting surface was due, as regards the horizontal knives, to the fact that the sharp edge of said knives was not oritlted in the cutting plane and etc. vertical knives, this came from the fact that in their rotation in a plane parallel to the advancement of the machine the same branch was beaten several times by the blades of the same rotor after being sheared.

Le dispositif objet de la présente invention a pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients. Dans celui-ci en effet, les couteaux horizontaux sont organisés de manière que le tranchant attaque le sarment à couper dans le plan exact de la coupe et que les sarments coupés par les couteaux verticaux ne soient plus battus par ces mêmes couteaux aplats s avoir été coupés. The object of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks. In this one in fact, the horizontal knives are organized so that the cutting edge attacks the branch to be cut in the exact plane of the cut and that the branches cut by the vertical knives are no longer beaten by these same flat knives having been cut.

On obtient ainsi une coupe parfaitement franche qui cicatrise rapidement et ne nuit pas à l'évolution future de la plante. This gives a perfectly clean cut that heals quickly and does not harm the future development of the plant.

par ailleurs, à ces perfectionnements, s'ajoute celui qui permet aux sarments coupés par les couteaux horizontaux d'être aussi broyés par eux, afin d'être rejetés sur le sol à l'état de copeaux ou tout au moins de débris. in addition, to these improvements, is added that which allows the branches cut by the horizontal knives to be also ground by them, in order to be rejected on the ground in the state of chips or at least debris.

Les dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples seulement, montrent un mode de réalisation du dispositif objet de la présente invention. The accompanying drawings, given by way of example only, show an embodiment of the device which is the subject of the present invention.

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation de face d'une prétailleuse munie des perfectionnements objets de la présente invention. Figure 1 is a schematic front elevational view of a pre-pruner with the improvements object of the present invention.

La figure 2 est une vue schématique en élévation de profil du même objet. Figure 2 is a schematic side elevational view of the same object.

La figure 3 est une vue schématique en plan des organes contondants de la machine. Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the blunt members of the machine.

La figure 4 est une vue schématique en bout d'arbre du rotor horizontal conforme à l'invention. Figure 4 is a schematic view at the end of the shaft of the horizontal rotor according to the invention.

Les figures 5a et 5b sont des vues schématiques du mode de coupe au niveau des couteaux horizontaux avant et après le perfectionnement. Figures 5a and 5b are schematic views of the cutting mode at the level of the horizontal knives before and after the improvement.

Les figures 6a et 6b sont des vues schématiques du mode de coupe au niveau des couteaux verticaux, avant et après le perfectionnement. Figures 6a and 6b are schematic views of the cutting mode at the vertical knives, before and after improvement.

Tel qu'il est représenté, le dispositif comporte le rotor horizontal 1 monté sur le chassis 2, et animé en rotation par l'inter^ médiaire du réducteur 3 relié à la prise de force du tracteur par le bras à rotule 4, le chassis 2 étant porté par le tracteur au moyen des chappes 5, 6 et 7 qui sont attelées à son relevage "Trois points" , et soutenu par les éléments 8 et 9 qui peuvent être des roues ou des patins par exemple, comme figuré. As shown, the device comprises the horizontal rotor 1 mounted on the chassis 2, and driven in rotation by the intermediary of the reduction gear 3 connected to the power take-off of the tractor by the ball joint arm 4, the chassis 2 being carried by the tractor by means of the chaps 5, 6 and 7 which are coupled to its lifting "Three points", and supported by the elements 8 and 9 which may be wheels or pads for example, as illustrated.

Chacun de ces derniers est solidaire de la plaque 10, qui peut coulisser dans les bras verticaux du chassis 2, et qui porte le palier 11 traversé par le fourreau rotatif 12 dans lequel peut coulisser librement l'arbre 13 du rotor vertical 14, muni des couteaux radiaux 16. Le coulissement de la plaque 10 permet de régler la distance entre les axes 1 et 13 du rotor horizontal et des rotors verticaux De même, le coulissement des arbres 13 des rotors verticaux 14 dans leur fourreau 12, permet de régler la distance entre eux, donc la largeur du front de coupe. plusieurs rotors verticaux 14, de diamètres différents, sont ainsi adaptables pour satisfaire aux différentes hauteurs de coupe. Each of these is integral with the plate 10, which can slide in the vertical arms of the chassis 2, and which carries the bearing 11 crossed by the rotary sheath 12 in which the shaft 13 of the vertical rotor 14 can freely slide, provided with radial knives 16. The sliding of the plate 10 makes it possible to adjust the distance between the axes 1 and 13 of the horizontal rotor and the vertical rotors Similarly, the sliding of the shafts 13 of the vertical rotors 14 in their sheath 12, makes it possible to adjust the distance between them, so the width of the cutting front. several vertical rotors 14, of different diameters, are thus adaptable to meet the different cutting heights.

Le mouvement de rotation est transmis aux différents rotors par l'intermédiaire de tout moyen connu, tel que des courroies, comme représenté. The rotational movement is transmitted to the various rotors by any known means, such as belts, as shown.

Le rotor horizontal 1 est formé d'au moins deux cadres orthogonaux, en forme de parallélogrammes plans, tels que 17, formés de deux bras parallèles 18 et 19 portés en leur centre de syme- trie par l'arbre 15 et à chacune des extrémités desquels sont fixées, parallèlement à l'arbre 15, les lames 20 et 21, dont le talon, solidaire des bras 18 et 19, fait avec le rayon ( r ) du rotor un angle inférieur à 900 (figures 2 et 4) et dont la partie avant qui porte l'arête tranchante est recourbée pour tangenter de façon exacte, au niveau de son extrados, le cercle fictif parcouru par lesdites lames du rotor l. The horizontal rotor 1 is formed by at least two orthogonal frames, in the form of plane parallelograms, such as 17, formed by two parallel arms 18 and 19 carried in their center of synchronization by the shaft 15 and at each of the ends. which are fixed, parallel to the shaft 15, the blades 20 and 21, including the heel, integral with the arms 18 and 19, made with the radius (r) of the rotor an angle less than 900 (Figures 2 and 4) and whose the front part which carries the cutting edge is curved to tangent exactly, at the level of its upper surface, the fictitious circle traversed by said blades of the rotor l.

Selon la figure (5a) on constate que, si l'on utilise, de manière connue, des lames qui, en coupe, présentent une forme plane, le tranchant de celles-ci parcourt le plan de coupe du rameau taillé à la manière d'un racloir, incliné par rapport à ce même plan de coupe, ce qui provoque des arrachements de matière ou des éclatements du tronçon du sarment solidaire de la souche
Tandis que, selon la figure (5b), on constate que le bec contondant de la lame 20, qui se présente en coupe transversale selon une forme recourbée de façon que son extrados tangente sur toute sa longueur le cercle fictif parcouru par le rotor, parcourt dans ce cas le plan de coupe du rameau taillé à la manière d'une lame de rabot qui pratiquement tangente ce plan de coupe, à l'angle près de la courbure du rotor, ce qui provoque une taille parfaitement franche sans aucun arrachement, ni éclatement.According to Figure (5a) we see that, if we use, in a known manner, blades which, in section, have a planar shape, the cutting edge thereof traverses the cutting plane of the branch cut in the manner d '' a scraper, inclined with respect to this same cutting plane, which causes material tearing or bursting of the section of the branch secured to the stump
Whereas, according to FIG. (5b), it can be seen that the blunt beak of the blade 20, which is in cross section in a curved shape so that its upper surface tangent over its entire length the fictitious circle traversed by the rotor, travels in this case the cutting plane of the branch cut in the manner of a plane blade which practically tangents this cutting plane, at the angle close to the curvature of the rotor, which causes a perfectly frank cut without any tearing, nor bursting.

Il est à remarquer (figure 5b) que le sarment ainsi taillé n'est pas rebattu par le couteau suivant porté par ce même rotor, l'avancement constant du tracteur ayant amené ce sarment de la position (x) à la position relative (y) qui se trouve hors du cercle parcouru par les lames du rotor 1. It should be noted (Figure 5b) that the pruned branch is not beaten down by the following knife carried by this same rotor, the constant advancement of the tractor having brought this branch from position (x) to the relative position (y ) which is outside the circle traversed by the blades of rotor 1.

De même, pour éviter la détérioration du sarment taillé par les rotors verticaux 14 situés de part et d'autre de l'axe de symétrie de la zone de travail de l'appareil, l'arbre 13 de chacun de ceux-ci, situé dans un plan horizontal est incliné vers l'arrière de l'appareil selon un angle (oye) de 1 à 2 environ, accru sur le dessin
Si en effet, selon la figure (6a), les rotors verticaux 14 sont organisés de façon parfaitement parallèle à la direction d'avancement de l'appareil, on constate que le sarment qui vient d'être taillé au niveau de l'avant du rotor 14 se trouve aussitôt après battu par chacun des couteaux du même rotor sur toute la longueur du diamètre de celui-ci, provoquant ainsi des détériorations du sarment taillé qui est resté sur la souche.Likewise, to avoid deterioration of the branch cut by the vertical rotors 14 located on either side of the axis of symmetry of the working area of the apparatus, the shaft 13 of each of these, located in a horizontal plane is inclined towards the rear of the device at an angle (oye) of about 1 to 2, increased in the drawing
If indeed, according to Figure (6a), the vertical rotors 14 are organized perfectly parallel to the direction of advancement of the device, we see that the branch which has just been cut at the front of the rotor 14 is immediately after being beaten by each of the knives of the same rotor over the entire length of the diameter thereof, thereby causing damage to the pruned branch which has remained on the stump.

Tandis que, grâce à l'inclinaison de 1" à 2vers l'arrière donnée au plan de chacun des rotors 14 par rapport à la direction d'avancement de l'appareil, on constate que le sarment taillé alors qu'il était en position (v) ne peut plus être atteint par les autres éléments du rotor 14, étant passé de cette position (v) à la position relative (w) qui se trouve aussitôt hors du plan du rotor 14. While, thanks to the inclination of 1 "to 2 backwards given to the plane of each of the rotors 14 relative to the direction of advancement of the device, it can be seen that the pruned branch while it was in position (v) can no longer be reached by the other elements of the rotor 14, having passed from this position (v) to the relative position (w) which is immediately out of the plane of the rotor 14.

Enfin, le chassis 2 est équipé de la barre carrée transversale 22 horizontale, parallèle à l'axe 15 du rotor horizontal, dont les lames 20 passent au cours de leur rotation à proximité de l'angle supérieur intérieur de ladite barre carrée 22 qui coopere alors avec lesdites lames 20 pour broyer en menus morceaux les sarments taillés par le rotor et arrêtés par ladite barre 22 à l'intérieur du panneau métallique concave 23 dans lequel le rotor entraine les sarments nui viennent d'être taillés, et qui sont ainsi rejetés au sol sous forme de débris,
Lorsque la vigne présente peu de végétation, le panneau arrière concave 23 peut être remplacé par un panneau plan qui ferme l'espace du chassis entre son longeron supérieur transversal et la barre 22.Finally, the chassis 2 is equipped with the horizontal transverse square bar 22, parallel to the axis 15 of the horizontal rotor, the blades 20 of which pass during their rotation near the upper internal corner of said square bar 22 which cooperates then with said blades 20 for grinding into small pieces the branches cut by the rotor and stopped by said bar 22 inside the concave metal panel 23 in which the rotor drives the harmed branches just cut, and which are thus rejected on the ground as debris,
When the vine has little vegetation, the concave rear panel 23 can be replaced by a flat panel which closes the space of the chassis between its upper transverse spar and the bar 22.

Il est bien entendu que l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple ou aux exemples qui en ont été décrits, toute variante considérée comme équivalence ne pouvant en modifier la portée. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the example or examples which have been described therein, any variant considered to be equivalent cannot modify its scope.

Les perfectionnements objets de la présente invention peuvent être utilisés pour améliorer le rendement des prétailleuses utilisées dans la culture de la vigne, ou autres arbustes. The improvements which are the subject of the present invention can be used to improve the yield of pre-pruners used in the cultivation of the vine, or other shrubs.

Claims

REVE NDICATION S 1) - Device constituting improvements to pre-pruners for shrubs, such as the vine, comprising a horizontal rotary shaft of which at least two metal frames are juxtaposed and offset relative to each other by 900, placed on said shaft in a balanced manner and carrying at each of the ends of the arms which constitute them, a sharp blade whose sharp edge is oriented towards the front in the direction of rotation of said frame, characterized by the fact that each of the sharp blades 20 and 21, for example, located on each of the outer sides of the orthogonal frames between them, formed by arms such as 18 and 19, integral with the horizontal rotary shaft 15, is bent in such a way that, seen in section, its blunt part forms a beak whose extrados tangent perfectly over its entire length the imaginary circle traversed by it in the rotation of the shaft 15 which drives it, the heel of each of said blades being fixed on the corresponding frame in such a way that it forms with the -rayon (r) of the arms 18 and 19 which carry them an angle less than 900 26) - Device according to claim. 1, characterized by the fact that each of the files of the rotor 1, such as 20 and 21 for example, is straight and placed parallel to the horizontal shaft 15 which drives the frames in the form of parallelograms s planes on which they are mounted 3, ) - Device according to claim 1, and comprising vertical rotors provided with radial knives and centered on rotary shafts placed in a horizontal plane below the preceding horizontal rotor, and located on either side of the median axis of l apparatus which carries them, at an adjustable distance from said axis, characterized by the fact that each of the shafts 13, situated in a horizontal plane and each supporting a vertical rotor 14, is oriented towards the rear of the apparatus, making with the transverse vertical plane of said apparatus an angle of bone from 1 to 20 approximately. 49) - Device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a square, horizontal bar 22, integral with the frame 2, at each of its ends, parallel to the rotary shaft 15 of the horizontal rotor and located in such a way that the internal angle of its upper face is touched by each of the knives 20 years during their rotation, so as to cooperate with each of these knives to reduce the debris cut and driven by the horizontal rotor 1 to the level of this debris bar 22 which stops them. 5) - Device according to claim 4, characterized in that a panel 23 is placed at the rear of the frame closing the latter from its rear top to the bar 22, so as to retain the pruned branches and allow their sectioning in small pieces, cooperating for this with the upper internal corner of the bar 22. 60) - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rear panel 23 is concave to retain and allow to cut the branches cut in a vine with a large vegetation.

70) - Device according to claim 5,

Characterized by the fact that the rear panel 23 is flat to retain and allow to cut the cut branches in a vine with small vegetation.

80) - pre-pruner according to all of the preceding claims,

Characterized by the fact that it comprises a horizontal rotor formed by several frames in the form of plane parallelograms integral with the same horizontal shaft 15, offset between them by 90 ", and carrying on each of the end sides of their parallelogram a straight line, the heel is located so as to form with the radius (r) of the arm which carries it an angle less than 909, and the blunt part of which forms, in curve, a curved beak which tangents over the entire length of its upper surface the circle fictitious that it travels around the rotation of said rotor; and by the fact that the vertical rotors 14 located on either side of the median axis of the device below the horizontal axis, have their shaft 13 in the horizontal plane oriented towards the rear of the device at an angle (oc) of about 1 "to 2" relative to the vertical transverse plane of the device; and furthermore that it comprises a horizontal square bar 22, integral with the chassis 2, parallel to the shaft 15 of the horizontal rotor 1, and situated in such a way that in their rotation, the blades 2Q of the horizontal rotor touch the upper internal angle of said bar 22 which thus cooperates with said blades to cut into small pieces the branches previously cut and removed by the rotor 1; a concave or flat rear panel along the length of the cut branches cooperating with said bar 22 to retain the branches to be cut.