FR2779905A1 - Cutting head for pruning trees or shrubs - Google Patents

Abstract

The cutting head is constructed on a base (1), which carries a series of rotating cutting blades (5), which have axes of rotation (6), which are parallel to each other and are aligned in the same longitudinal plane. The blades are driven by a motor (8) through a transmission system (9, 10, 11), such that the cutting envelope extends beyond the front edge of the base. Extending from the front edge of the base are a series of fixed teeth (21 and 22), which extend just beyond the edge of the cutting circle.

Description

CUTTER BAR AND TRIMMER AND / OR TRIMMER MACHINE

  FOR THE PRUNING OF TREES OR SHRUBS SUCH AS THE VINE.

  The invention relates to a cutter bar with a rotary knife (s) for pruning trees or shrubs - in particular for pruning vines or other fruit trees -. It also extends to a topping machine and / or

  trimmer equipped with at least one such cutter bar.

  There are three types of cutter bars for known toppers and / or trimmers. Known cutter bars of a first type, called section, comprise two toothed blades mounted and driven in alternative translation relative to each other. These cutter bars similar to mowers or hedge trimmers have the advantage of good cutting quality, but the disadvantage of allowing only low forward speeds

in the vegetation.

  Known cutter bars of a second type comprise a plurality of rotary shears, each shear being formed from a plurality of fixed counter-blades extending radially and from one or more movable rotary blade (s) ( s) coming into contact with fixed counter blades like scissors for cutting branches or stems of vegetation. Here again, if the quality of the slicing is satisfactory, the friction between the blades and the counter blades of the shears prohibits the use of high speeds of rotation (the speed of rotation of the mobile blades being limited to approximately 250 rpm), so that these cutter bars only allow low forward speeds in the vegetation. Furthermore, these first two types of cutter bars with movable blades in contact have the disadvantage of rapid wear and

  require regular maintenance (sharpening and adjusting blades, greasing ...).

  Known cutter bars of a third type, known as rotary knives, or multi-knives, comprise a plurality of rotary knives mounted on a frame with their axes of rotation parallel and at least substantially aligned along the same longitudinal plane, driven in rotation at high speed (conventionally of the order of 2500 rpm) by a high speed hydraulic drive motor (for example of the gear type) associated with suitable motion transmission means (for example with belt (s)) to drive each knife in rotation. Each knife is formed of at least one elongated blade extending at least substantially radially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and having at least one cutting edge. The knives are carried by a frame interrupted on the front side, near the longitudinal plane (containing the axes of rotation) so as to present a leading edge intended to penetrate into the vegetation by allowing

  the entry and passage of vegetation in the space swept by the knives above

  o10 beyond the leading edge forward.

  Cutter bars according to this third type have the advantage of a high cutting speed, and therefore of allowing relatively fast forward speeds in the vegetation, providing good productivity during pruning. However, they have the disadvantage i5 of making a size whose quality deteriorates rapidly from the first wear of the knives, and / or when their sharp edges get dirty and become charged with sap, and which therefore is generally not sharp. In addition, pruning residues are often projected onto the vegetation, on the machine or on the operator, and this phenomenon increases with the wear of the knives and / or when their edges

  sharp edges get dirty and take on sap.

  Furthermore, these known multi-knife cutter bars having a relatively low cutting torque, can only be used to prune relatively fine stems such as young vine shoots (spring pruning). Thus, they cannot be used to perform a pre-cut

  designed to facilitate manual winter pruning operations.

  Finally, these rotary knives rotating at high speed are not visible in operation and are therefore considered dangerous, which

  limits the development of cutter bars according to this third type.

  The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

  The invention thus aims to propose a cutter bar which allows a fast forward speed in the vegetation -notably at

3 2779905

  less like that of known multi-knife cutter bars, while

  having a good quality of slicing of the vegetation.

  The invention also aims to propose a cutter bar which can be used in a more versatile manner than known multi-knife cutter bars, in particular for the size of stems or branches whose diameter can vary within a larger value range, and which can be young shoots (spring pruning) or older (winter pruning or pruning). Throughout the text, the term "size" means, unless otherwise indicated,

  both spring pruning and winter pruning or pruning.

  The invention also aims to propose a cutter bar whose cutting quality remains constant over a significant period whatever the

nature of vegetation.

  The invention also aims to propose a cutter bar which does not

  do not project size residues.

  The invention also aims to provide a cutter bar which

  offers greater operational safety.

  The invention also aims to achieve these goals in a way

extremely simple and economical.

  The invention further aims to provide a topping and / or trimmer machine - especially for pruning or pruning the vine - which

has the above-mentioned advantages.

  To do this, the invention relates to a cutter bar with a rotary knife (s) for pruning trees or shrubs - in particular for pruning vines or other fruit trees -, comprising a frame, at least one rotary knife -in particular a plurality of rotary knives mounted on the frame with their parallel axes of rotation and at least substantially aligned along the same longitudinal plane-, at least one drive motor associated with movement transmission means capable of driving each knife in rotation about its axis of rotation, each knife being formed of at least one elongated blade extending at least substantially radially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and having at least one cutting edge, the frame being interrupted on at least one side, known as the front side, near the axis of rotation - notably near the longitudinal plane -, so as to present a leading edge intended to penetrate into the vegetation by allowing the passage of the vegetation in the space swept by the knife (s), during its (their) rotation, from the front side beyond the leading edge, character in that '' It comprises a plurality of fixed teeth, fixedly mounted on the frame, extending on the front side from the leading edge of the frame opposite the space swept by the knife (s) during its (from their) rotation, and away from the knife (s), from

  so that the knife (s) do not come into contact with the fixed teeth.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, the cutter bar is 1o characterized by one or more of the following characteristics - the fixed teeth extend generally forwards at least substantially perpendicular to the axis (s) of rotation of the (des) knife (x) in particular in the longitudinal plane, that is to say parallel to (x) knife (x) -; - The fixed teeth extend parallel to each other (that is to say that their main directions are at least substantially parallel to each other); the fixed teeth extend generally in the same plane which is at least substantially perpendicular to the axis (s) of rotation of the knife (s) - natively in the longitudinal plane -, that is to say - say parallel to (x) knife (x); - the fixed teeth are spaced laterally from the knife (s) by a non-zero distance of less than 10 cm; - The fixed teeth are arranged laterally with respect to the knife (s) on the side of the frame, that is to say opposite to the vegetation to be cut; each fixed tooth extends with respect to the leading edge of the frame, so as to project forward the point defined by the intersection of the general direction of this fixed tooth with the projection, in the same plane, of the trajectory of the end of each knife which passes opposite this fixed tooth;

'2779905

  - The cutter bar comprises fixed teeth which extend forward from the longitudinal plane over a distance greater than the radial length of each knife from the axis of rotation; - the cutter bar comprises a fixed tooth extending forward from the leading edge of the frame to the right of the axis of rotation of each knife, and / or a fixed tooth extending forward from the leading edge of the frame to the right of each of the points located at a distance of at least one axis of rotation of a knife equal to half the distance separating two axes of rotation of two knives - each fixed tooth is generally elongated pointed at the front, and has a free rounded front end; - the fixed teeth are formed by the same comb fixed on the frame along the leading edge; - the cutter bar comprises a hydraulic drive motor having a speed of rotation greater than 1000 rpm -in particular

of the order of 2500 rpm.

  The invention extends to a topping and / or trimmer machine - in particular for pruning or pruning the vine - adapted to be able to be mounted on a self-propelled agricultural vehicle or constituting a self-propelled agricultural vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one bar

section according to the invention.

  Advantageously, the machine according to the invention comprises at least one trimming cutting bar intended to make the cutting with the longitudinal plane extending at least substantially vertically on the side of the

vegetation.

  It should be noted that the fixed teeth do not interfere with the rotary knife (s), they do not act as counter-blades for slicing in the manner of shears. They nevertheless make it possible to block, in groups, the stems or branches of the vegetation during slicing, which is sufficient in practice to considerably improve the quality of the cut without limiting the speed of the rotary knife (s) or the speed of advance in the vegetation, without friction or additional wear. By retaining the stems or branches during slicing, they

6 2779905

  avoid any lateral projection of the size residues. In addition, the fixed teeth are always visible and clearly delimit the space swept by the knife (s), thus reducing the risk of accident. They are extremely simple to make and

to mount, and a low price.

  The invention also relates to a cutter bar and a machine characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics

  mentioned above or below.

  Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention

  appear from the following description of an embodiment of the invention

  given by way of nonlimiting example which refers to the appended figures in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a trimmer bar with four knives according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a schematic view in perspective i5 illustrating, from another angle, the cutter bar of Figure 1, - Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of detail partially broken away illustrating the transmission means for driving the knives of the cutter bar of the FIG. 1, - FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the cutter bar of FIG. 1, - FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the geometry and the kinematics of a cutter bar with two knives according to the invention, - Figure 6 is a schematic front view illustrating a

  exemplary embodiment of a topping / trimming machine according to the invention.

  The multi-knife cutter bar shown in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 1 intended to be mounted on a carrying structure 2, itself mounted on the chassis 3 of a self-propelled agricultural vehicle 4 such as a tractor

(figure 6).

  The frame 1 carries rotary knives 5, four in number in the example of Figures 1 and 2. The rotary knives 5 are mounted on the frame 1 with their axes of rotation 6 which are all parallel to each other, and at least

  substantially aligned along the same plane, called the longitudinal plane 7.

  The frame I also carries means for driving each knife 5 in rotation about its axis of rotation 6. In the example of FIGS. I and 2, these drive means comprise a hydraulic drive motor 8 directly coupled to a first knife 5 via a pulley 9 which transmits the movement, thanks to a belt 10, to the second knife 5 immediately adjacent. The axis of rotation 6 of this second knife 5 is defined by a bearing carrying a pulley 11 with two grooves, one of which receives the belt 10 associated with the first knife 5 coupled to the motor 8, while the other makes it possible to return the movement to a third knife 5 adjacent 10 through another belt 10. The third knife 5 similarly drives a fourth knife 5. The various knives are thus successively driven in rotation by the motor 8. It should be noted that the number of

  5 knives can be different from four, either lower or higher.

  In a variant not shown, it is also possible to provide several hydraulic motors, in particular a hydraulic motor directly coupled to each of the knives 5, for example when the bar

  cutting includes one or two knives 5.

  Each rotary knife 5 is formed by an elongated blade extending radially and symmetrically on each side of the axis of rotation 6 in a plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation 6. Each knife 5 has, on each side of the axis of rotation 6, a cutting edge 12 located on the upstream side of the blade relative to the direction of rotation of the knife 5. Preferably, this

  cutting edge 12 is slightly convex curve.

  The frame 1 is interrupted over its entire length on one side, called the front side 13, near and along the longitudinal plane 7 defined by the axes of rotation 6 of the knives 5, so as to present a leading edge 14 intended to penetrate into the vegetation during the advancement of the vehicle 4, by allowing the entry and the passage of the vegetation to be cut into the space 15 swept by the knives 5 on the front side beyond the leading edge 14. The front side 13 corresponds to the front of the vehicle 4, that is to say its direction of advance symbolized by the arrow FI in FIGS. 1 and 2. Each knife 5 is thus arranged in a plane which is at less substantially parallel to the direction

8 2779905

  advancement and which can be at least substantially vertical (the cutter bar being a trimmer bar) or at least substantially horizontal (the cutter bar then being a topper bar). The axis of rotation 6 of each knife 5 and the longitudinal plane 7 defined by the axes of rotation 6, are at least substantially perpendicular to the direction of advance, but may have a certain

  inclination or angle of attack in the vegetation.

  In the case of a trimmer cutting bar, the knives 5 are preferably driven so that their cutting edge 12 goes up in

  sweeping the space 15, that is to say by cutting the vegetation (arrow F2).

  The frame 1 is adapted to form a generally elongated casing parallel to the longitudinal plane 7. The frame 1 carries the motor 8 (or each motor) on one of its large faces 16 which is oriented opposite the knives 5, c that is to say on the side of the support structure 2. Each hydraulic drive motor 8 is supplied with pressurized fluid by a flexible hose from a traditional hydraulic control assembly not shown. The frame 1 also comprises a large face 17 parallel and opposite to the large face 16 carrying the motor 8. The axes of rotation 6 of the knives open out from this large face 17, the knives 5 extending opposite this large face 17. Between the two large faces 16 and 17, the frame 1 defines a casing containing the transmission 9, 10, II. This casing is generally elongated parallelepiped and has a longitudinal edge 18 on the front side. The frame 1 also comprises an opposite rear edge 19 and a rear protective plate 20 extending rearward from the axes of rotation 6 opposite the knives 5, and comprising a rear protective wing 30 parallel

  to the axes of rotation 6 coming to the right and to the rear of the knives 5.

  To ensure the size of the vegetation over the entire length of the cutter bar, the different knives 5 have their axes of rotation 6 which are spaced two by two by a distance D less than twice the radius defined by the total length of the edge cutting edge 12, that is to say less than the total length of each knife 5. For example, each knife 5 has a total length of the order of 400 mm, that is to say a radius of cutting edge 12

  of the order of 200 mm, and the axes of rotation 6 are spaced about 300 mm apart.

  The different knives 5 therefore overlap for approximately 100 mm between their respective axes of rotation 6. To do this, the knives 5 are offset laterally (in the direction parallel to their axes 6) two by two (Figure 4)

  to allow them to cross when they are aligned along the longitudinal plane 7 of their axes of rotation 6.

  The leading edge 14 of the frame 1 extends near the axes of rotation 6 and is set back towards the rear with respect to the space 15 swept by the rotary knives 5 during their rotation, so as to allow the entrance to the

  vegetation in this space 15, where it can be cut with a knife 5.

  o0 In other words, the leading edge 14 is disposed at a distance forward with respect to the longitudinal plane 7 which is less than the radius of the cutting edges 12, and preferably less than a quarter of this radius. For example, the distance between the leading edge 14 and the longitudinal plane 7 is of the order of 30 mm to 80 mm, for example 75 mm, for knives 5 with a total length of 400 mm having a

  cutting edge 12 of 200 mm radius.

  The cutter bar according to the invention further comprises a plurality of fixed teeth 21, 22 fixedly mounted on the frame 1, extending on the front side from the leading edge 14 of the frame 1, without interfering with the knives 5 The fixed teeth 21, 22 extend opposite the space 15 swept by the knives 5 at

  during their rotation on the front side beyond the leading edge 14.

  The fixed teeth 21, 22 extend forward, perpendicular to the longitudinal plane 7, that is to say parallel to the knives 5, are generally parallel to each other and are located in the same plane 24 which is perpendicular in the longitudinal plane 7 and in the axes of rotation 6, and is at least substantially parallel to the direction of advance

provided for the cutter bar.

  As can be seen in FIG. 4, the fixed teeth 21, 22 are separated laterally (in a direction parallel to the axes of rotation 6) from the knives 5 by a distance d not zero, the knives 5 not coming into contact with the fixed teeth 21 , 22. This distance d is preferably less than 10 cm and is for example between 5 mm and 3 cm. Advantageously, this distance d greater than the average diameter of the branches or stems of the vegetation to be pruned is chosen. For example, in the case of vine shoots, for spring pruning, we choose d between 10 mm and 15 mm. In this way, we avoid any jamming

  of a branch or rod between a knife 5 and a fixed tooth 21, 22.

  It should be noted that the knives 5 which are laterally offset S farthest from the motor 8 are also laterally separated by a greater distance from the fixed teeth 21, 22 and from the plane 24 of these fixed teeth 21, 22 than

  the knives 5 which are closer to the motor 8.

  The fixed teeth 21, 22 are, in the example shown and according to the invention, arranged laterally relative to the knives 5 on the side of the frame 1, that is to say opposite the vegetation to be pruned. In other words, the

  knives 5 are interposed between the vegetation and the fixed teeth 21, 22.

  Nothing prevents, however, from providing, in combination or as a variant, fixed teeth interposed on the side of the vegetation, that is to say between the vegetation to be cut and the knives 5. Nevertheless, in this case, the fixed teeth s5 must be close to the knives 5 and the vegetation must be flexible enough so that the ends of the branches or stems, after being pruned,

  may pass beyond these fixed teeth.

  As can be seen in FIG. 5, each fixed tooth 21, 22 extends forwards with respect to the leading edge 14 of the frame 1 so as to go forward beyond point 31, 32 defined by the intersection of the general direction of this fixed tooth 21, 22 with the projection, in the same plane 24, of the circular path of the end 25 of each knife 5 which passes opposite this fixed tooth 21, 22. Thus, when the knives 5 rotate, then becoming invisible or almost invisible, the fixed teeth 21, 22 remaining visible and extending beyond the front of the space 15 swept by the knives 5 constitute a visual representation of the extent of the space 15 swept by the knives 5. In addition, the teeth 21, 22 projecting beyond the knives 5, the vegetation to be pruned is sorted in groups between the adjacent fixed teeth 21, 22 before interfering with

the knives 5.

  A long fixed tooth 21 extends forward from the leading edge 14 of the frame 1 to the right of the axis of rotation 6 of each knife 5. The long fixed teeth 21 extend forward to from the longitudinal plane 7 defined l <2779905 by the axes of rotation 6 over a distance which is greater than the overall radial length of each knife 5 from its axis of rotation 6. A short fixed tooth 22 extends towards the from the leading edge 14 of the frame 1 in line with each of the points 26 located in the longitudinal plane 7 at a distance of at least one axis of rotation 6 of the knife equal to half the distance separating two

axes of rotation 6 of the knives 5.

  The length of each short fixed tooth 22 is determined by said point of intersection 32 of this fixed tooth 22 with the circular trajectory

  from the end of the knife (s) 5 which pass (s) opposite.

  Each fixed tooth 21, 22 is in general shape elongated at the point forwards, slightly triangular (at an angle at the top, for example less than 20 - in particular of the order of 10 - for long teeth 21 and less than 30 - in particular of the order of 20 - for short teeth 22), and has a rounded free end 27. Due to the forward-pointing shape of the fixed teeth 21, 22, the housings which they define between themselves are slightly divergent towards the front, that is to say convergent towards the rear, which

  tends to facilitate grouping of vegetation into groups.

  The axes of rotation 6 of two adjacent knives 5 being spaced from each other by a distance D less than the sum of the radial lengths of the blades forming each of these knives 5, the circular trajectories of the ends 25 of the cutting edges 12 of these blades have a point of intersection disposed upstream of the longitudinal plane 7. The projection of this point of intersection in the plane 24 of the fixed teeth 21, 22 is coincident with the point

  intersection 32 of the short fixed tooth 22 which extends to the right of point 26 to mid

  distance from the axes of rotation 6 and from the projection of the trajectory of the ends

  of the two knives 5 in the plane 24.

  The fixed teeth 21, 22 are formed by the same comb 23 which is fixed to the frame 1 along the front longitudinal edge 18. Rigidizing ribs extend along each fixed tooth 21, 22, opposite the knives 5, to prevent them from sagging. The comb 23 comprises an angle which is fixed to the frame 1 by bolts 29, along the front longitudinal edge 18 of the frame 1. The comb 23 is thus rigidly fixed to the frame 1, the fixed teeth 21, 22 extending towards the front perpendicular to the leading edge 14. The comb 23

  defines, between the fixed teeth 21, 22, the leading edge 14 before the frame 1.

  The fixed teeth 21, 22 separate the vegetation to be cut by each knife 5 into two groups, one on each side of the axis of rotation 6 of the knife 5. In fact, facing each knife 5 forwards, the various long fixed teeth 21, and short 22 define two receptacles for receiving the vegetation, one on each side of the axis of rotation 6. The number of branches or stems of the vegetation cut by the knife 5 grouped between two fixed teeth 21, 22 is therefore limited. The fixed teeth 21, 22 indeed have the function i0 in particular of blocking the branches or stems of the vegetation during pruning.

  avoiding their sagging. A high quality of cut is thus obtained.

  The hydraulic drive motor 8 can be of the high rotation speed type, and in particular a gear motor. The speed of

  rotation of the motor 8, and of the knives 5, may be greater than 1000 rpm -

  in particular of the order of 2500 rpm. Such a speed allows fast forward speeds in the vegetation, similar or even higher than

  those of multi-knife cutter bars previously known.

  In addition, the fixed teeth 21, 22 of a cutter bar according to the invention make it possible to prevent the rotary knives 5 from printing a speed on the cut vegetation, so that the pruning residues fall in line with the knives. 5 and are neither projected towards the vegetation, nor towards the vehicle 4, nor towards

his pilot.

  The topping / trimming machine shown in Figure 6 is particularly suitable for pruning or pruning the vine or fruit trees or shrubs, and can be mounted on a self-propelled agricultural vehicle 4 as shown, or even constitute such a self-propelled vehicle agricultural 4, that is to say fitted as standard on this vehicle which is then dedicated specifically to this use. It can also be used for pruning non-fruit trees or shrubs. A cutter bar according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of a trimmer cutter bar intended to make the cut with the longitudinal plane 7 extending at least substantially vertically on the side of the vegetation. Indeed, in this case, the size residues fall back into

  vehicle driveway or in a driveway between two rows of vegetation.

  A topping and / or trimming machine according to the invention may comprise a plurality of cutter bars all fitted or not with fixed teeth 21, 22. The different cutter bars are mounted on the support structure 2, in a manner well known per se, by means of actuating mechanisms and members making it possible to adjust their position in height and / or

  laterally and / or at an angle to the vegetation.

  The machine shown in FIG. 6 is fixed to the front of the 1o chassis 3 of the tractor 4, but it is understood that the invention applies to any

  other arrangement (fixing on the back or on the side).

  The invention may be the subject of other alternative embodiments. In particular, the fixed teeth 21, 22 may not be strictly parallel two by two. They can for example be convergent or divergent. They can also be straight, not triangular. They may also not be strictly perpendicular to the axes of rotation 6 of the knives 5, for example one fixed tooth in two deviating laterally forward towards the vegetation. The fixed teeth 21, 22 can also all have the same length and / or extend the same distance forwards, and protrude more markedly forward the space 15 swept by the knives 5. The number and the shape of the fixed teeth 21, 22 can also vary. The fixed teeth 21, 22 can be made of any rigid material (metal, composite material, etc.). If the cutter bar only comprises a rotary knife 5 (variant not shown), the comb 23 may advantageously comprise a fixed tooth

  long 21 and two short fixed teeth 22.

] 4 2779905

Claims (12)

  1 / - Rotary knife cutter bar (s) for pruning trees or shrubs - in particular for pruning vig-ne or other fruit trees -, comprising a frame (1), at least one knife rotary (5) in particular a plurality of rotary knives (5) mounted on the frame (1) with their axes of rotation (6) parallel and at least substantially aligned along the same longitudinal plane (7) -, at least one motor (8 ) drive associated with means (9, 10, 11) for transmitting movement capable of driving each knife (5) in rotation about its axis of rotation (6), each knife (5) being formed of at least 0 at least one elongated blade extending at least substantially radially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (6) and having at least one sharp cutting edge (12), the frame (1) being interrupted by at least one side , said front side (13), near the axis of rotation (6) -in particular near the longitudinal plane (7) -, so as to present a leading edge (14) intended to penetrate into the vegetation by allowing the vegetation to pass through the space (15)   swept by the knife (s) (5), during its (their) rotation, from the front side to the   beyond the leading edge (14), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fixed teeth (21, 22) fixedly mounted on the frame (1), extending on the front side (13) from the edge d attack (14) of the frame (1) opposite the space (15) swept by the knife (s) (5) during its (their) rotation, and at a distance from the knife (s) (x) (5) so that the knife (s) (5) do not come into contact with the fixed teeth (21, 22).   2 / - Cutter bar according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) extend generally forward at least substantially perpendicular to the axis (s) of rotation (6) of knife (x) (5).   3 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) extend parallel to each other.   4 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) extend generally in a 2779905   same plane at least substantially perpendicular to the axis (s) of rotation (6) knife (s) (5).   / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) are spaced laterally from the knife (s) (5) by a non-zero distance less than 10 cm.   6 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 5,   characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) are arranged laterally with respect to the knife (s) (5) on the side of the frame (1), that is to say opposite to the vegetation to be cut.   7 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 6,   characterized in that each fixed tooth (21, 22) extends relative to the leading edge (14) of the frame (1), so as to project forward the point (31, 32) defined by the intersection of the general direction of this fixed tooth (21, 22) with the projection, in the same plane (24), of the trajectory of the end (25) of each   knife (5) which passes opposite this fixed tooth (21, 22).   8 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized in that it comprises fixed teeth (21) which extend forward from the longitudinal plane (7) over a distance greater than the length   radial of each knife (5) from the axis of rotation (6).   9 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 8,   characterized in that it comprises a fixed tooth (21) extending forward from the leading edge (14) of the frame (1) in line with the axis of rotation (6) of each knife (5).   / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 9,   characterized in that it comprises a fixed tooth (22) extending forward from the leading edge (14) of the frame (1) in line with each of the points (26) located at a distance of at least one axis of rotation (6) of a knife (5) equal to half   the distance separating two axes of rotation (6) from two knives (5).   11 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 10,   characterized in that each fixed tooth (21, 22) is generally elongated in shape   points forward, and has a free front end (27) rounded.   12 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 11,   characterized in that the fixed teeth (21, 22) are formed by the same comb   (23) fixed to the frame (1) along the leading edge (14).   13 / - Cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 12,   characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic drive motor (8) having a rotation speed greater than 1000 rpm, in particular of the order of 2500 rpm.   14 / - Trimming and / or trimming machine - especially for pruning or pruning the vine - adapted to be able to be mounted on a self-propelled agricultural vehicle (4) or constituting a self-propelled agricultural vehicle (4), characterized in that it includes at least one cutter bar according to one of claims 1 to 13.   / - Machine according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises at least one trimming cutting bar intended to make the cutting with the longitudinal plane (7) extending at least substantially   vertically on the side of the vegetation.