FR2517802A1 - Leak detector for liquefied gas storage vessel - has gas sampling pipes, at known points in vessel isolating barriers, connected to analyser - Google Patents
Leak detector for liquefied gas storage vessel - has gas sampling pipes, at known points in vessel isolating barriers, connected to analyser Download PDFInfo
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- FR2517802A1 FR2517802A1 FR8122771A FR8122771A FR2517802A1 FR 2517802 A1 FR2517802 A1 FR 2517802A1 FR 8122771 A FR8122771 A FR 8122771A FR 8122771 A FR8122771 A FR 8122771A FR 2517802 A1 FR2517802 A1 FR 2517802A1
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- barrier
- pipes
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/022—Land-based bulk storage containers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
CUVE DESTINEE AU STOCKAGE D'UN GAZ LIQUEFIE COMPORTENT
UNE DETECTION DE FUITE ET PROCEDE DE DETECTION DE FUITE
CORRESPONDANT.TANK FOR STORING LIQUEFIED GAS COMPRISING
LEAK DETECTION AND LEAK DETECTION METHOD
CORRESPONDING.
La présente invention a trait à une cuve étanche et isotherme destinée au stockage d'un gaz liquéfié. Une telle cuve peut etre intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfiés ou constituer une cuve de stockage terrestre. The present invention relates to a sealed and isothermal tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas. Such a tank can be integrated into the carrying structure of a liquefied gas transport vessel or constitute a terrestrial storage tank.
On a déJà décrit des cuves étanches et isothermes destinées au stockage des gaz liquéfiés. Une cuve de stockage terrestre a notamment été décrite dans le brevet français 2 398 961 ; une cuve intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire a,par exemple,été décrite dans le brevet français 2 264 712. Les cuves de ce type sont constituées par deux barrières d'étanchéité successives, l'une primaire au contact avec le gaz liquéfié et l'autre secondaire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la cloison externe de la cuve ; ces deux barrières d'étanchéité sont alternées avec deux barrières thermiquement isolantes ; les barrières d'étanchéité définies dans l'état de la technique susmentionné sont constituées de tôles d'invar soudées à bords relevés ; les barrières d'isolation sont constituées soit au moyen de caisses contenant un isolant thermique particulaire soit au moyen de mousse plastique isolante en panneau ou en couche continue. flans tous les cas, il est nécessaire, pour des questions de sécurité évidentes, d'éviter la présence de fuites à travers les barrières d'étanchéité primaire ou secondaire. Lorsque l'on a constaté qu'il existe une fuite dans l'une des barrières d'étanchéité, il faut obligatoirement intervenir pour réparer.Si la fuite se produit au niveau de la bar ribre primalre, il faut, après vidage de la cuve et dégazage des isolations, localiser la zone de fuite et, pour ce faire, on injecte dans la barrière d'isolation primaire un gaz traceur,dont on détecte a sortie dans la cuve soit avec un analyseur de gaz,que l'on déplace dans la cuve, soit avec un sonomètre ; néanmoins, le repérage de la position de la fuite est toujours extrêmement long et,par conséquent, très onéreux vu le coût des cuves de ce genre surtout s'il s'agit d'une cuve intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire de transport. Si l'on désire rechercher une fuite sur la barrière secondaire, le problème est encore plus difficile car la barrière secondaire n'est pas acoessible de l'intérieur de la cuve.On injecte donc un gaz traceur dans la barrière isolante secondaire et lton fait des trous dans la barrière isolante primaire pour repérer dans quelle zone de la cuve apparatt le plus rapidement le gaz traceur ; on conçoit que cette méthode soit particulièrement difficile et assez peu précise compte tenu des chemins de diffusion assez aléatoires des gaz h travers les barrières d'isolation. Il en résulte que,même lorsqu'on a défini approximativement la zone de fuite sur la barrière secondaire, il est nécessaire de dégarnir une grande surface de barrière primaire pour finalement accéder à la fuite de barrière secondaire,de sorte que la détection de fuite sur la barrière secondaire est généralement encore plus onéreuse que la détection de fuite sur la barrière primaire. We have already described sealed and insulated tanks intended for the storage of liquefied gases. A terrestrial storage tank has in particular been described in French patent 2,398,961; a tank integrated into the carrying structure of a ship has, for example, been described in French patent 2,264,712. The tanks of this type are constituted by two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the gas. liquefied and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank; these two sealing barriers are alternated with two thermally insulating barriers; the sealing barriers defined in the aforementioned state of the art are made of welded invar sheets with raised edges; the insulation barriers are formed either by means of boxes containing a particulate thermal insulator or by means of insulating plastic foam in a panel or in a continuous layer. In all cases, it is necessary, for obvious safety reasons, to avoid the presence of leaks through the primary or secondary sealing barriers. When it has been found that there is a leak in one of the sealing barriers, it is compulsory to intervene to repair it. If the leak occurs at the level of the primary bar, it is necessary, after emptying the tank and degassing the insulation, locate the leakage zone and, to do this, a tracer gas is injected into the primary insulation barrier, which is detected at the outlet in the tank, either with a gas analyzer, which is moved into the tank, either with a sound level meter; nevertheless, locating the position of the leak is always extremely long and, consequently, very expensive given the cost of tanks of this kind, especially if it is a tank integrated into the carrying structure of a transport. If you want to look for a leak on the secondary barrier, the problem is even more difficult because the secondary barrier is not acessible from inside the tank. We therefore inject a tracer gas into the secondary insulating barrier and it is done holes in the primary insulating barrier to identify in which zone of the tank the tracer gas appears most quickly; it is understandable that this method is particularly difficult and rather imprecise taking into account the fairly random diffusion paths of the gases through the insulation barriers. As a result, even when the leakage area on the secondary barrier has been roughly defined, it is necessary to strip a large area of primary barrier in order to finally access the secondary barrier leakage, so that leak detection on the secondary barrier is generally even more expensive than leak detection on the primary barrier.
I1 s'est donc avéré désirable de pouvoir localiser avec précision les fuites sur les barrières d'étan chéité des cuves destinées au stockage d'un gaz liquéfié. It has therefore proven desirable to be able to locate leaks with precision on the sealing barriers of tanks intended for the storage of liquefied gas.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer une cuve de ce type dont la structure permet une détection de fuite sur une barrière d'étanchéité et un positionnement relativement précis de ladite fuite sur la surface de la barrière d'étanchéité concernée. Selon l'invention, on dispose,au moment de la réalisation de la cuve, dans les barrières d'isolation, des canalisations,qui permettent un prélèvement gazeux et dont les orifices d'aspiration sont repérés en position par rapport b la cuve.De la sorte,si l'on veut détecter une fuite, il sufrit de relier les canalisations susmentionnées à un analyseur de gaz,qui détectera soit le gaz initialement placé dans la cuve,soit un gaz traceur que l'on injecte dans la barrière d'isolation où ne se trouvent pas les canalisations que l'on relie à l'analyseur de gaz. Si l'on utilise une injection de gaz traceur, par exemple du gaz carbonique ou du fréon , il faut établir une différence de pression entre les deux faces de la barrière d'étanchéité où lton veut détecter la fuite.Si l'on recherche une fuite dans la barrière d'étanchéité primaire, le gaz stocké dans la cuve est touJours en surpression par rapport à l'atmosphère existant dans la barrière d'isolation primaire et il suffit donc de détecter dans l'atmosphère de la barrière d'isolation primaire la présence du gaz stocké dans la cuve pour localiser la fuite. I1 est clair que la localisation de la fuite est d'autant plus précise que le nombre des canalisations noyées dans les barrières d'isolation est plus grand.The object of the present invention is to propose a tank of this type, the structure of which allows leak detection on a sealing barrier and relatively precise positioning of said leak on the surface of the sealing barrier concerned. According to the invention, there are, at the time of the production of the tank, in the insulation barriers, pipes which allow a gaseous sampling and whose suction orifices are marked in position relative to the tank. so, if you want to detect a leak, it suffices to connect the above-mentioned pipes to a gas analyzer, which will detect either the gas initially placed in the tank, or a tracer gas which is injected into the barrier. insulation where there are no pipes that are connected to the gas analyzer. If a tracer gas injection, for example carbon dioxide or freon, is used, a pressure difference must be established between the two sides of the sealing barrier where the leak is to be detected. leak in the primary sealing barrier, the gas stored in the tank is always under overpressure with respect to the atmosphere existing in the primary insulation barrier and it is therefore sufficient to detect in the atmosphere of the primary insulation barrier the presence of gas stored in the tank to locate the leak. It is clear that the location of the leak is all the more precise the greater the number of pipes embedded in the insulation barriers.
t1 invention est tout particulièrement applicable aux cuves intégrées à la structure porteuse d'un navire de transport de gaz naturel liqueid e
La présente invention a donc pour objet le produit industriel nouveau que constitue une cuve étanche et isotherme, destinée au stockage d'un gaz liquéfié, cons- tituée par deux barrières d'étanchéité successives, l'une primaire au contact avec le gaz liquéfié et l'autre secon daire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la cloison externe de la cuve, ces deux barrières d'étanchéité étant alternées avec deux barrières thermiquement isolantes,carac- térisée par le fait que,dans la barrière isolante secondaire et/ou primaire,sont disposées des canalisations de prélève ment Cazeuxsdont les orifices d'aspiration sont repérés en position par rapport à la cuve, lesdites canalisations étant reliées à un analyseur de gaz placé à l'extérieur de la cuve.t1 invention is particularly applicable to tanks integrated into the carrying structure of a liqueid natural gas transport vessel
The present invention therefore relates to the new industrial product which constitutes a sealed and isothermal tank, intended for the storage of a liquefied gas, constituted by two successive sealing barriers, the primary one in contact with the liquefied gas and the other secondary arranged between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two thermally insulating barriers, characterized by the fact that, in the secondary and / or primary insulating barrier, there are Cazeuxs sampling pipes, the suction orifices of which are marked in position relative to the tank, said pipes being connected to a gas analyzer placed outside the tank.
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, les orifices d'aspiration des canalisations intégrées à la (ou aux) bar ribres(s) isolante(s) sont répartis tout autour de la cuve selon un maillage couvrant plus particulièrement les zones fragiles des barrières d'étanehéité ; les canalisations sont réalisées au moyen de tUbes métalliques ou en matière plastique et comportent chacune un seul orifice d'aspiration C leur extrémité,
Dans le cas où la barrière d'isolation qui contient les canalisations est constituée d'un empilement d'éléments calorifuges indépendants conenablement maintenus en place par rapport à la cloison externe et aux barrières d'4tanchéitds les canalisations peuvent avanta- geusement être disposées dans les espaces libres subsistant entre deux éléments adjacents de l'empilement ; les éléments constitutifs des barrières d'isolation peuvent être des caisses remplies d'isolant particulaire ou des panneaux de mousse plastique isolante.In a preferred embodiment, the suction orifices of the pipes integrated into the insulating bar (s) are distributed all around the tank according to a mesh covering more particularly the fragile zones of the barriers. etaneity; the pipes are made by means of metal or plastic pipes and each have a single suction orifice C at their end,
In the case where the insulation barrier which contains the pipes consists of a stack of independent heat-insulating elements suitably held in place with respect to the external partition and to the sealing barriers, the pipes can advantageously be arranged in the free spaces remaining between two adjacent elements of the stack; the constituent elements of the insulation barriers may be boxes filled with particulate insulation or panels of insulating plastic foam.
Dans le cas où la barrière d'isolation,qui contient les canallsations,est est constituée d'une couche continue de mousse plastique isolante, les canalisations sont, de préférence, noyées dans ladite couche au moment de sa réalisation. In the case where the insulation barrier, which contains the pipes, is made up of a continuous layer of insulating plastic foam, the pipes are preferably embedded in said layer at the time of its production.
Dans le cas où la cuve est intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire; la cloison externe de la cuve est la double coque ou cloison du navire. In the case where the tank is integrated into the carrying structure of a ship; the external partition of the tank is the double hull or partition of the ship.
Les barrières d'étanchéité sont avantageusement consti- typées par des toles d'invar soudes ou des films en matière plas sso que coRds, ou des panneaux de contreplaqué à joints collés. The sealing barriers are advantageously made up of sheets of invar soda or films of plas sso than coRds material, or plywood panels with glued joints.
ta présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de détection de fuite dans une cuve telle que ci-dessus définie ; dans ce procédé, pour contr & er une barrière d'étanchéité, on établit une différence de pression entre les deux zones d'espace que sépare ladite barrière d'étanchéité et, dans la zone d'espace à plus faible pres sion, on aspire le gaz existant par les canalisations de prélèvement gazeux pour ddtecterspar l'analyseur de gaz auquel elles sont relides,les anomalies éventuelles. your present invention also relates to a method for detecting a leak in a tank as defined above; in this process, to counter a sealing barrier, a pressure difference is established between the two areas of space which separates said sealing barrier and, in the area of space at lower pressure, one sucks the gas existing through the gas sampling pipes for detection by the gas analyzer to which they are connected, any anomalies.
Dans un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus défini, pour contrôler la barrière d'étan chéité secondaire, on injecte dans la barrière d'isolation primaire un gaz traceur et l'on détecte l'apparition dudit gaz traceur dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire par aspiration dans les canalisations disposées dans ladite barrière d'isolation secondaire ; avantageusement, on définit l'apparition du gaz traceur dans la barrière dtiso- lation secondaire par un repérage dans le temps à partir de l'inJection du du gaz traceur et/ou par un positionnement dans l'espace à partir de la définition des positions des orifices d'aspiration des canalisations,qui détectent le gaz traceur, ce qui localise la fuite et définit son importance ; de préférence, on établit dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire une pression réduite P2 et dans la barrière d'isolation primaire une pression P1 supérieure à P2, P1 pouvant tre inférieure ou supérieure à la pression atmosphérique. In a preferred embodiment of the process defined above, to control the secondary sealing barrier, a tracer gas is injected into the primary insulation barrier and the appearance of said tracer gas is detected in the secondary insulation barrier by suction in the pipes arranged in said secondary insulation barrier; advantageously, the appearance of the tracer gas in the secondary isolation barrier is defined by a time tracking from the injection of the tracer gas and / or by a positioning in space from the definition of the positions suction ports of the pipes, which detect the tracer gas, which locates the leak and defines its importance; preferably, a reduced pressure P2 is established in the secondary insulation barrier and a pressure P1 greater than P2 in the primary insulation barrier, P1 possibly being less than or greater than atmospheric pressure.
Dans une variante, pour contrôler la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, on injecte un gaz traceur dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire et on détecte l'apparition dudit gaz traceur dans la barrière d'isolation primaire par aspiration dans les canalisations disposées dans ladite barrière d'isolation primaire. Alternatively, to control the secondary sealing barrier, a tracer gas is injected into the secondary insulation barrier and the appearance of said tracer gas is detected in the primary insulation barrier by suction in the pipes arranged in said barrier primary insulation.
Si l'on met en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention pour contrôler la barrière d'étanchéité primaire, on peut aspirer le gaz existant dans la barrière d'isolation primaire par les canalisations disposées dans ladite barrière d'isolation primaire et l'on détecte alors les traces éventuelles du gaz contenu dans la cuve. If the method according to the invention is used to control the primary sealing barrier, the gas existing in the primary insulation barrier can be drawn in through the pipes arranged in said primary insulation barrier and then detects possible traces of the gas contained in the tank.
Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre qui permet une surveillance continue du comportement de la cuve, on peut tester en permanence,au moyen de l'analyseur de gaz et par séquences successives,les prélèvements gazeux issus de toutes les canalisations d'au moins une des barrières d'isolation de la cuve. According to an embodiment which allows continuous monitoring of the behavior of the tank, it is possible to continuously test, by means of the gas analyzer and in successive sequences, the gas samples from all the pipes of at least one tank isolation barriers.
Pour mieux faire comprendre l'objet de l'in- vention, on va en décrire maintenant,8 titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, un mode de réalisation représenté sur le dessin annexé. To better understand the object of the invention, we will now describe, by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting example, an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.
Sur ce dessin
- la figure unique représente schématiquement, en coupe,une cuve selon l'invention intégrée dans la struc- ture porteuse d'un navire. On this drawing
- The single figure shows schematically, in section, a tank according to the invention integrated into the carrying structure of a ship.
En se référant au dessin, on voit que l'on a repré senté un navire de transport de gaz naturel liquéfié en une coupe réalisée perpendiculairement à l'axe du navire 1 selon un plan passant par le centre d'une cuve 2. La cuve 2 a une section octogonale ; sa largeur est d'environ 38 m ; sa hauteur est d'environ 23m ; sa longueur est d'environ36 m.. Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that a liquefied natural gas transport ship has been represented in a section made perpendicular to the axis of the ship 1 in a plane passing through the center of a tank 2. The tank 2 has an octagonal section; its width is about 38 m; its height is around 23m; its length is around 36 m.
La cuve 2 est délimitée par une barrière d'étanchéité primaire 3, qui est soutenue par une barrière d'isolation primaire 4, l'ensemble étant entouré par une barrière d'é étanchéité secondaire 5 elle-même soutenue par une barrière d'isolation secondaire 6 portée par la double coque 7 du navire. Le détail de la réalisation des barrières primaire et secondaire est bien connu dans l'état de la technique ; l'un des modes de réalisation possible est décrit, par exemple, dans le brevet français 2 264 712. Dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire, on a mis en place, au moment de la construction de la cuve, une pluralité de canalisations 8 en matière plastique passant dans les espaces libres, qui existent entre les caisses isolantes eonstitutives de la barrière d'isolation secondaire.Ce type de réalisation est, bien entendu, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple, en se référant à la réalisation décrite dans le brevet français 2 264 712. The tank 2 is delimited by a primary sealing barrier 3, which is supported by a primary insulation barrier 4, the assembly being surrounded by a secondary sealing barrier 5 itself supported by an insulation barrier secondary 6 carried by the double hull 7 of the ship. The detail of the realization of the primary and secondary barriers is well known in the state of the art; one of the possible embodiments is described, for example, in French patent 2,264,712. In the secondary insulation barrier, a plurality of pipes 8 were put in place at the time of construction of the tank. made of plastic passing through the free spaces, which exist between the insulating boxes constituting the secondary insulation barrier. This type of embodiment is, of course, given solely by way of example, with reference to the embodiment described in the French patent 2,264,712.
Les canalisations 8 ainsi mises en place dans la bar rière d'isolation secondaire ont leurs extrémités ouvertes de façon à constituer, pour chaque canalisation 8, un orifice 9 de prélèvement gazeux. Pour la cuve 2 représentée, on a disposé les orifices de prélèvement gazeux de la façon suivante : pour les deux plans d'extrémité de la cwe, qui sont perpendiculaires à l'axe du navireS on a mis en place trente canalisations 8, dont les orifices 9 sont régulièrement répartis le long des lignes de jonction des faces d'extrémité de la cuve avec les faces latérales de la cuve ;; dans chacun des deux plans se trouvant au tiers de la longueur de la cuve par rapport à une face d'extrémité transversale, on a disposé quatorze orifices 9 de canalisation 8, régulièrement répartis sur toute la périphérie de la c'nre. Sur le dessin, on a représenté uniquement l'une des canalisations 8, l'échelle réduite rendant impossible la représentation complète de toutes les canalisations 8
Toutes les canalisations 8 associées à la cuve 2 sont reliées à une boîte de jonction 10 disposée sur le pont supérieur 11 du navire l..La botte de jonction 10 est elle-m & e reliée à un analyseur de gaz 12, qui est susceptible d'analyser en séquences les prélèvements gazeux provenant de toutes les canalisations 8.The pipes 8 thus installed in the secondary insulation barrier have their ends open so as to constitute, for each pipe 8, an orifice 9 for gaseous sampling. For the tank 2 shown, the gas sampling orifices were arranged as follows: for the two end planes of the cwe, which are perpendicular to the axis of the ship, thirty pipes 8 were put in place, the orifices 9 are regularly distributed along the junction lines of the end faces of the tank with the side faces of the tank; in each of the two planes located at a third of the length of the tank relative to a transverse end face, fourteen orifices 9 of pipe 8 have been arranged, regularly distributed over the entire periphery of the center. In the drawing, only one of the pipes 8 has been shown, the reduced scale making it impossible to represent all the pipes 8 completely.
All the pipes 8 associated with the tank 2 are connected to a junction box 10 disposed on the upper deck 11 of the ship l .. The junction boot 10 is itself connected to a gas analyzer 12, which is capable analyze gas samples from all pipelines in sequence 8.
Si l'on désire localiser une fuite de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 5, on établit et on maintient, dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire 6, une pression réduite
P2 de 200 mbars absolus en pompant l'atmosphère comprise entre les barrières d'étanchéité 5 et 7 au moyen de la pompe 14. On injecte alors par la vanne 13, dans l'espace occupé par la barrière d'isolation primaire 5, un gaz traceur constitué par du fréon. Cette injection peut etre réalisée en légère surpression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique ou après avoir place l'espace occupé par la barrière d'isolation primaire 5 sous une légère dépression.If it is desired to locate a leak in the secondary sealing barrier 5, a reduced pressure is established and maintained in the secondary insulation barrier 6
P2 of 200 mbar absolute by pumping the atmosphere between the sealing barriers 5 and 7 by means of the pump 14. A valve 13 is then injected into the space occupied by the primary insulation barrier 5. tracer gas consisting of freon. This injection can be carried out at slight overpressure relative to atmospheric pressure or after placing the space occupied by the primary insulation barrier 5 under a slight depression.
La pression P1 dans la barrière d'isolation primaire 5 pourra donc être comprise entre 900 et 1200 mbars absolus.The pressure P1 in the primary insulation barrier 5 may therefore be between 900 and 1200 mbar absolute.
On aspire alors au moyen de l'analyseur de gaz 12 dans toutes les canalisations 8 de la cuve, pour détecter l'arrivée du fréon dans une ou plusieurs des canalisations 8. Etant donné que les orifices 9 des canalisations 8 sont repérés en position par rapport à la cuve, l'arrivée du fréon dans une ou plusieurs canalisations 8 permet de localiser la fuite dans la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 5 et le temps d'arrivée du fréon par rapport à l'injection permet d'évaluer l'importance de la fuite. On peut alors dégarnir dans la zone ainsi définie la barrière primaire, procéder à la rdparation de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 5, puis reconstruire la barrière primaire dans la zone dégarnie. Then aspirated by means of the gas analyzer 12 in all the pipes 8 of the tank, to detect the arrival of the freon in one or more of the pipes 8. Since the orifices 9 of the pipes 8 are marked in position by compared to the tank, the arrival of the freon in one or more pipes 8 makes it possible to locate the leak in the secondary sealing barrier 5 and the time of arrival of the freon relative to the injection makes it possible to assess the importance of the leak. We can then remove the primary barrier in the area thus defined, repair the secondary sealing barrier 5, then reconstruct the primary barrier in the stripped area.
On constate que le moyen de détection prdeo- nisé par l'invention permet dtintervenlr de façon rapide et précise pour réparer les dommages,qui peuvent se faire jour dans les barrières d'étanchéité d'une cuve de stockage de gaz liquérié. It can be seen that the detection means recommended by the invention makes it possible to intervene quickly and precisely to repair the damage which can occur in the sealing barriers of a liquefied gas storage tank.
I1 est bien entendu que le mode de réalisation ci-dessus décrit n'est aucunement limitatif et pourra donner lieu à toute modification désirable, sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention ; en particulier, on peut également disposer des canalisations 8 dans l'espace occupé par la barrière isolante primaire 4 et relier ces canalisations à un analyseur de gaz : de la sorte, on on peut détecter une fuite de la barrière d'étanchéité primaire 3. De même, au lieu d'injecter un gaz traceur dans la barrière d'isolation primaire pour détecter une fuite dans la barrière d'étançhéité secondaire, on peut injecter le gaz traceur dans la barrière d'isolation secondaire et réaliser la détection au moyen de canalisations noyées dans la barribre d'isolation primaire. I1 is understood that the embodiment described above is in no way limiting and may give rise to any desirable modification, without departing from the scope of the invention; in particular, it is also possible to have pipes 8 in the space occupied by the primary insulating barrier 4 and to connect these pipes to a gas analyzer: in this way, it is possible to detect a leak from the primary sealing barrier 3. Likewise, instead of injecting a tracer gas into the primary insulation barrier to detect a leak in the secondary waterproofing barrier, it is possible to inject the tracer gas into the secondary insulation barrier and carry out the detection by means of pipes buried in the primary insulation barribre.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8122771A FR2517802A1 (en) | 1981-12-04 | 1981-12-04 | Leak detector for liquefied gas storage vessel - has gas sampling pipes, at known points in vessel isolating barriers, connected to analyser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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FR8122771A FR2517802A1 (en) | 1981-12-04 | 1981-12-04 | Leak detector for liquefied gas storage vessel - has gas sampling pipes, at known points in vessel isolating barriers, connected to analyser |
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FR2517802A1 true FR2517802A1 (en) | 1983-06-10 |
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FR8122771A Pending FR2517802A1 (en) | 1981-12-04 | 1981-12-04 | Leak detector for liquefied gas storage vessel - has gas sampling pipes, at known points in vessel isolating barriers, connected to analyser |
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