[go: up one dir, main page]

FR2418539A1 - Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power - Google Patents

Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power

Info

Publication number
FR2418539A1
FR2418539A1 FR7805340A FR7805340A FR2418539A1 FR 2418539 A1 FR2418539 A1 FR 2418539A1 FR 7805340 A FR7805340 A FR 7805340A FR 7805340 A FR7805340 A FR 7805340A FR 2418539 A1 FR2418539 A1 FR 2418539A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
membrane
pref
low power
polyvinylidene fluoride
switches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7805340A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2418539B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Nicolas
Michel Mauroux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orega Circuits & Commutation
Original Assignee
Orega Circuits & Commutation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orega Circuits & Commutation filed Critical Orega Circuits & Commutation
Priority to FR7805340A priority Critical patent/FR2418539A1/en
Publication of FR2418539A1 publication Critical patent/FR2418539A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2418539B1 publication Critical patent/FR2418539B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays

Landscapes

  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)

Abstract

Commutators for switching electrical or optical circuits by movement of conductive or transparent liquids derive their motion from variations in the geometry of a membrane which is a piezo-electric element. Slight variations in the length and hence curvature of the membrane in a reservoir is amplified by causing relatively large shifts of a liquid surface or interface level in a capillary system with lateral branches for the circuit connections. The membrane may be film made of oriented organic polymeric material, pref. polyvinylidene fluoride produced under conditions which enhance the phase content. Alternatively the piezoelectric switch motor may be a quartz or ceramic crystal. Suitable for switches or relays or voltage protection devices of relatively compact size, esp. for use in telephone exchange junctions etc. where the low power requirement of individual switches reduces the heat dissipation problem from large numbers of switches contained in a small volume.
FR7805340A 1978-02-24 1978-02-24 Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power Granted FR2418539A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7805340A FR2418539A1 (en) 1978-02-24 1978-02-24 Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7805340A FR2418539A1 (en) 1978-02-24 1978-02-24 Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2418539A1 true FR2418539A1 (en) 1979-09-21
FR2418539B1 FR2418539B1 (en) 1981-09-11

Family

ID=9205015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7805340A Granted FR2418539A1 (en) 1978-02-24 1978-02-24 Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power

Country Status (1)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2418539A1 (en)

Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2381595A (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-07 Agilent Technologies Inc Piezoelectric actuated optical latching relay with movable liquid
US6730866B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-05-04 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay array
US6741767B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2004-05-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectric optical relay
US6740829B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-05-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay
US6743990B1 (en) 2002-12-12 2004-06-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Volume adjustment apparatus and method for use
US6747222B1 (en) 2003-02-04 2004-06-08 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Feature formation in a nonphotoimagable material and switch incorporating same
US6750594B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2004-06-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6750413B1 (en) 2003-04-25 2004-06-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal micro switches using patterned thick film dielectric as channels and a thin ceramic or glass cover plate
US6756551B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2004-06-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6759610B1 (en) 2003-06-05 2004-07-06 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Multi-layer assembly of stacked LIMMS devices with liquid metal vias
US6759611B1 (en) 2003-06-16 2004-07-06 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switches and methods for producing the same
US6765161B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-07-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug caterpillar piezoelectric latching reflective optical relay
US6768068B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-07-27 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6770827B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-08-03 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Electrical isolation of fluid-based switches
US6774324B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2004-08-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Switch and production thereof
US6774325B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-08-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch
US6777630B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-08-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal micro switches using as channels and heater cavities matching patterned thick film dielectric layers on opposing thin ceramic plates
US6781074B1 (en) 2003-07-30 2004-08-24 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Preventing corrosion degradation in a fluid-based switch
US6787720B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-09-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Gettering agent and method to prevent corrosion in a fluid switch
US6794591B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-09-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switches
US6798937B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-09-28 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Pressure actuated solid slug optical latching relay
US6803842B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-10-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal mode solid slug optical latching relay
US6809277B2 (en) 2003-01-22 2004-10-26 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for registering a deposited material with channel plate channels, and switch produced using same
US6816641B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-11-09 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric optical relay
US6818844B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-11-16 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug assisted pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US6825429B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2004-11-30 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Hermetic seal and controlled impedance RF connections for a liquid metal micro switch
US6831532B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-12-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Push-mode latching relay
US6833520B1 (en) 2003-06-16 2004-12-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Suspended thin-film resistor
US6841746B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-01-11 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bent switching fluid cavity
US6849144B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-02-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for making switch with ultrasonically milled channel plate
US6855898B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-02-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Ceramic channel plate for a switch
US6870111B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-03-22 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bending mode liquid metal switch
US6872904B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-03-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switch
US6876133B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Latching relay with switch bar
US6876131B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay with face contact
US6876132B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric relay
US6876130B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Damped longitudinal mode latching relay
US6877878B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Eric J. Raskas Flashlight and video recorder device
US6879089B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Damped longitudinal mode optical latching relay
US6879088B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay array
US6882088B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bending-mode latching relay
US6885133B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-26 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High frequency bending-mode latching relay
US6888977B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-03 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Polymeric liquid metal optical switch
US6891116B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Substrate with liquid electrode
US6894424B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High frequency push-mode latching relay
US6894237B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Formation of signal paths to increase maximum signal-carrying frequency of a fluid-based switch
US6897387B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2005-05-24 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Photoimaged channel plate for a switch
US6903490B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal mode optical latching relay
US6903492B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Wetting finger latching piezoelectric relay
US6903493B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Inserting-finger liquid metal relay
US6903287B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal optical relay
US6920259B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-07-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal electromagnetic latching optical relay
US6925223B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-08-02 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Pressure actuated optical latching relay
US6924443B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-08-02 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch
US6927529B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2005-08-09 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Solid slug longitudinal piezoelectric latching relay
US6946775B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-09-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug assisted longitudinal piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US6946776B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-09-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for maintaining a liquid metal switch in a ready-to-switch condition
US6956990B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-10-18 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reflecting wedge optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer
US6961487B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-11-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US7012354B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-03-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US7048519B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-05-23 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Closed-loop piezoelectric pump
US7070908B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-07-04 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Feature formation in thick-film inks
EP1376190A4 (en) * 2001-04-06 2007-03-14 Ngk Insulators Ltd Optical switch

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE472235A (en) * 1946-09-06
BE685716A (en) * 1965-08-20 1967-02-20
DE1614600A1 (en) * 1967-09-11 1970-10-29 Siemens Ag Piezoelectric hydraulic relay

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE472235A (en) * 1946-09-06
BE685716A (en) * 1965-08-20 1967-02-20
DE1614600A1 (en) * 1967-09-11 1970-10-29 Siemens Ag Piezoelectric hydraulic relay

Cited By (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1376190A4 (en) * 2001-04-06 2007-03-14 Ngk Insulators Ltd Optical switch
GB2381595A (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-07 Agilent Technologies Inc Piezoelectric actuated optical latching relay with movable liquid
GB2381595B (en) * 2001-10-31 2005-03-16 Agilent Technologies Inc Optical latching relay
US7078849B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2006-07-18 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal piezoelectric optical latching relay
US6741767B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2004-05-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectric optical relay
US6927529B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2005-08-09 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Solid slug longitudinal piezoelectric latching relay
US6750594B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2004-06-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6756551B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2004-06-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6849144B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-02-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for making switch with ultrasonically milled channel plate
US7022926B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2006-04-04 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonically milled channel plate for a switch
US6855898B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-02-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Ceramic channel plate for a switch
US6743990B1 (en) 2002-12-12 2004-06-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Volume adjustment apparatus and method for use
US6924444B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-08-02 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Ceramic channel plate for a fluid-based switch, and method for making same
US6909059B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-06-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid switch production and assembly
US6774324B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2004-08-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Switch and production thereof
US7019235B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2006-03-28 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Photoimaged channel plate for a switch
US6897387B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2005-05-24 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Photoimaged channel plate for a switch
US7098413B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2006-08-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Photoimaged channel plate for a switch, and method for making a switch using same
US6911611B2 (en) 2003-01-22 2005-06-28 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for registering a deposited material with channel plate channels
US6809277B2 (en) 2003-01-22 2004-10-26 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method for registering a deposited material with channel plate channels, and switch produced using same
US6747222B1 (en) 2003-02-04 2004-06-08 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Feature formation in a nonphotoimagable material and switch incorporating same
US6825429B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2004-11-30 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Hermetic seal and controlled impedance RF connections for a liquid metal micro switch
US6876132B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric relay
US6765161B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-07-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug caterpillar piezoelectric latching reflective optical relay
US6818844B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-11-16 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug assisted pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US6803842B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-10-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal mode solid slug optical latching relay
US6831532B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-12-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Push-mode latching relay
US6730866B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-05-04 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay array
US6841746B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-01-11 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bent switching fluid cavity
US6798937B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-09-28 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Pressure actuated solid slug optical latching relay
US6794591B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-09-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switches
US6740829B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-05-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay
US6870111B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-03-22 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bending mode liquid metal switch
US6872904B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-03-29 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switch
US6876133B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Latching relay with switch bar
US6876131B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay with face contact
US7070908B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-07-04 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Feature formation in thick-film inks
US6876130B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Damped longitudinal mode latching relay
US6877878B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Eric J. Raskas Flashlight and video recorder device
US6879089B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Damped longitudinal mode optical latching relay
US6879088B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-12 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay array
US6882088B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Bending-mode latching relay
US6885133B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-04-26 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High frequency bending-mode latching relay
US6888977B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-03 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Polymeric liquid metal optical switch
US6891116B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Substrate with liquid electrode
US6894424B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. High frequency push-mode latching relay
US6894237B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-05-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Formation of signal paths to increase maximum signal-carrying frequency of a fluid-based switch
US7048519B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-05-23 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Closed-loop piezoelectric pump
US6903490B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal mode optical latching relay
US6903492B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Wetting finger latching piezoelectric relay
US6903493B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Inserting-finger liquid metal relay
US6903287B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal optical relay
US6906271B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-06-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switch
US6774325B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-08-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch
US6770827B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-08-03 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Electrical isolation of fluid-based switches
US6920259B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-07-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Longitudinal electromagnetic latching optical relay
US6768068B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-07-27 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6925223B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-08-02 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Pressure actuated optical latching relay
US6924443B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-08-02 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch
US6816641B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-11-09 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric optical relay
US6946775B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-09-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a slug assisted longitudinal piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US6946776B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-09-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for maintaining a liquid metal switch in a ready-to-switch condition
US6956990B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-10-18 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Reflecting wedge optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer
US6961487B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2005-11-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch
US7012354B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-03-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch
US6750413B1 (en) 2003-04-25 2004-06-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal micro switches using patterned thick film dielectric as channels and a thin ceramic or glass cover plate
US6777630B1 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-08-17 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Liquid metal micro switches using as channels and heater cavities matching patterned thick film dielectric layers on opposing thin ceramic plates
US6759610B1 (en) 2003-06-05 2004-07-06 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Multi-layer assembly of stacked LIMMS devices with liquid metal vias
US6759611B1 (en) 2003-06-16 2004-07-06 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Fluid-based switches and methods for producing the same
US6833520B1 (en) 2003-06-16 2004-12-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Suspended thin-film resistor
US6781074B1 (en) 2003-07-30 2004-08-24 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Preventing corrosion degradation in a fluid-based switch
US6787720B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-09-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Gettering agent and method to prevent corrosion in a fluid switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2418539B1 (en) 1981-09-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2418539A1 (en) Liquid contact relays driven by piezoelectric membrane - pref. of polyvinylidene fluoride film for high sensitivity at low power
EP0404545A3 (en) Active matrix substrate for liquid crystal display device
KR880014492A (en) Strong dielectric liquid crystal card memory
MX9207523A (en) SOLAR CELL AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME.
TR21125A (en) LIQUID FUEL INJECTION PUMPING DEVICE
TW362274B (en) Semiconductor apparatus and manufacturing method thereof used for the pixel switches or driving circuit of a kind of active matrix type display apparatus
IT8121777A0 (en) PROCEDURE FOR CREATING THE CONTACT OF GALVANIC CONTACTS OF AN RECOGNITION CARD WITH BUILT-IN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MODULE.
NO873054L (en) CURRENT LIMIT SWITCH.
JPS57208177A (en) Semiconductor negative resistance element
JPS5458378A (en) Semiconductor device and its usage
JPS5543878A (en) Circuit unit
ES460440A1 (en) DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SENSITIVE ELEMENT THAT HAS A PERMANENT ELECTRIC POLARIZATION.
DE3782879D1 (en) OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICE.
DE3786807D1 (en) SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT WITH VARIABLE CAPACITY.
JPS5314748A (en) Micro extrusion devices
JPS54107264A (en) Semiconductor device
JPS5336195A (en) Electronic display device
FR2268431A1 (en) Electronic voltage regulator for motor vehicles - has a thermally and electrically conducting base supporting a similar substrate
FR2807157B1 (en) RESISTIVE ELEMENT FOR PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR
JPS5521175A (en) Semiconductor device
SU572752A1 (en) Electrocontact device
DE3765696D1 (en) CONTACT ELEMENT FOR ELECTRICAL SWITCHING CONTACTS.
SU561281A1 (en) Integral piezoelectric filter
JPS5285489A (en) Semiconductor reactance element
SU775772A1 (en) Squeeze-type switching apparatus

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
CL Concession to grant licences
TP Transmission of property
ST Notification of lapse