DESCRIPTION
[0001] The invention relates to a fixing device for panel-like or profile-like structural elements for production of a facade, in particular a suspended facade ventilated from behind, according to the preamble of claim 1.
[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a facade, in particular a suspended facade ventilated from behind, using such a fixing device. Prior art
[0003] With the aid of a fixing device of the aforementioned type, panel-like or profile-like structural elements can be attached to a structure-side substrate, in particular to a wall. The panel or profile-like structural element can be, for example, a panel-like facade element or a support profile for receiving a panel- like facade element. The wall that forms the structure-side substrate can be solid or a stud wall.
[0004] If the fixing device is used to attach facade elements, the wall is an external wall that is usually insulated.
[0005] In the case of a solid wall, the insulation layer is usually on the outside. As the fixing device cannot be attached to the insulation layer for structural reasons, the fixing device must be guided through the insulation layer to the structure-side substrate. This means that the fixing device must have a certain projection in order to bridge the distance created by the insulation layer between the structure- side substrate and the panel-like facade elements or the support profiles for receiving the panel-like facade elements. If the facade is also a construction ventilated from behind, there is also an air layer to be bridged in addition to the insulation layer.
[0006] If the wall is formed as a stud wall, at least part of the insulation can be arranged in the compartments between the studs. The compartments are usually closed by wall panels that are guided over the studs. As the studs form the load- bearing wall structure, the fixing device must be attached to the studs through the wall panels. The projection of the fixing device therefore corresponds to at least the total thickness of the wall panels. If an insulation layer is also arranged in front of the studs, the projection is increased by the thickness of the insulation layer. In the case of a facade ventilated from behind, the thickness of the air layer is added.
[0007] The projection of the fixing device can therefore vary depending on the application. Furthermore, construction and/or assembly tolerances may reguire at least a slight length adjustment. Fixing devices are therefore already known from the prior art which, depending on the application, can be combined and/or adjusted with spacers of different lengths to enable adaptation or adjustment. As a rule, however, adjustment is desired not only with regard to the distance between the facade elements and the structure-side substrate, but also with regard to the height of the facade elements. The complexity of the fixing devices increases accordingly.
[0008]EPO 718 451 A1 describes a fixing device for fastening thermal insulation panels to a structure-side substrate, which fixing device comprises a threaded bolt which at one end has a mounting plate for fastening the substrate and at the other end has a fixing plate for fixing the thermal insulation panel. Two circular- arc-shaped collar elements, which can be brought into engagement with contact shoulders of a support profile by rotating the fixing plate around the threaded bolt extend on the upper side of the fixing plate.
[0009] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a fixing device for panel-like or profile-like structural elements for production of a facade, which is of a simple structure and can therefore be produced cost-effectively. Furthermore, the fixing device should be easy to assemble and should enable adjustment to compensate for construction and/or assembly tolerances in at least one spatial direction, in particular in a direction perpendicular and/or parallel to the structure-side substrate.
[0010] To solve the problem, the fixing device with the features of claim 1 is given. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. Furthermore, a method for producing a facade using such a device is proposed.
Disclosure of the invention
[0011] The fixing device proposed for production of a facade for panel-like or profile-like structural elements comprises a fixing plate and a threaded bolt by means of which the fixing plate is fastenable at a distance to a structure-side substrate. The fixing plate has an opening, preferably a through-opening, with an internal thread for receiving the threaded bolt and at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or at least one row of circular-arc-shaped holes, wherein the slot and/or the row of holes is/are arranged concentrically or eccentrically in relation to the opening.
[0012] During installation or when producing a facade, the fixing plate of the proposed fixing device is screwed onto the threaded bolt, preferably after the threaded bolt has been fastened to the structure-side substrate or after the threaded bolt has been anchored in the structure-side substrate. The screw connection allows the fixing device to be rotated in relation to the threaded bolt and thus in relation to the structure-side substrate, wherein the distance between the fixing plate and the structure-side substrate changes at the same time. In this way, the distance between the fixing plate and the structure-side substrate can be adjusted and thus construction and/or assembly tolerances can be compensated for in a direction perpendicular to the structure-side substrate. The distance can also be adjusted continuously.
[0013] Depending on the specific design of the fixing plate, the fixing plate can also be aligned in a direction parallel to the structure-side substrate simply by rotating it. This is the case if the at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or the at least one circular-arc-shaped row of holes is or are arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening of the fixing plate in which the threaded bolt is received. This is because, in this case, the height position of the at least one slot and/or the at least one row of holes changes at the same time as the fixing plate rotates relative to the threaded bolt. Since the at least one slot and/or the at least one row of holes serves or serve to receive a fastening means, for example a screw or a rivet, for fastening the panel-like or profile-like structural element, the height position of the panel-like or profile-like structural element can be changed in this way at the same time. In this way, construction and/or assembly tolerances can also be compensated for in a direction parallel to the structure-side substrate.
[0014] The panel-like or profile-like structural element to be fastened can already be equipped with at least one hole to receive a fastening means. In this case, the at least one hole of the panel-like or profile-like structural element specifies the position of the fastening means. In order to bring the at least one slot and/or the atleast one row of holes of the fixing plate into overlap with the at least one hole of the panel-like or profile-like structural element in as many positions of the fixing plate as possible, the slot and/or the row of holes is/are designed in the shape of a circular arc. This means that the slot and/or the row of holes is/are guided along a circular line over a certain angular range. This ensures that, even after adjustment by rotating the fixing plate relative to the threaded bolt, there is still a common overlap region for inserting the fastening means. Since the adjustment of the fixing plate should normally only require a slight rotation of the fixing plate relative to the threaded bolt, the at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or the at least one circular-arc-shaped row of holes can extend over a limited angular range of less than 180°, preferably less than 120°, and more preferably less than
90°. This applies in particular if the fixing plate has a plurality of circular-arc- shaped slots and/or a plurality of circular-arc-shaped rows of holes which extend along a common circular line and/or along a plurality of circular lines, preferably arranged concentrically to one another.
[0015] The fixing device proposed for production of a facade for panel-like or profile-like structural elements is therefore particularly suitable for production of a suspended facade ventilated from behind, as the threaded bolt can also be used to bridge larger distances to the structure-side substrate. In addition, the fixing plate screwed onto the threaded bolt allows the distance to be subsequently adjusted by rotating the fixing plate in relation to the threaded bolt. With at least one eccentrically arranged slot and/or at least one eccentrically arranged row of holes in the fixing plate, height adjustment is also possible.
[0016] The advantages of the fixing device according to the invention are not only limited to outdoor use, but also apply to indoor use. This means that the fixing device can be used in the same way to create a "facade" or wall cladding indoors.
[0017] The fixing plate is preferably made of metal, for example steel or stainless steel. The fixing plate therefore has a high level of strength.
[0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fixing plate has a plurality of circular-arc-shaped slots and/or circular-arc-shaped rows of holes that are arranged concentrically to one another. This means that a plurality of circular-arc-shaped slots and/or a plurality of circular-arc-shaped rows of holes extend along a plurality of concentrically arranged circular lines. It is not only the number of circular-arc-shaped slots or rows of holes that increases, but also the distribution of the slots or rows of holes over a plurality of concentrically arranged circular lines that increases the possibilities of overlapping them with the at least one hole of the panel-like or profile-like structural element. This applies in particular if the slots and/or rows of holes are arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening of the fixing plate used to receive the threaded bolt. In the case of eccentrically arranged circular-arc-shaped slots and/or rows of holes, a common overlap region of a slot or a row of holes with a hole of the panel-like or profile- like structural element to be fastened can jump from a first, more outer circular line to a second, more inner circular line or vice versa by rotating the fixing plate relative to the threaded bolt.
[0019] As the at least one slot passes through the fixing plate, this weakens the fixing plate. The weakening increases with the size of the at least one slot and with the number of slots. The number of slots is therefore preferably limited. For example, two, four, six or eight circular-arc-shaped slots can be provided, of which preferably two each run along a common circular line. Alternatively, arc- shaped rows of holes can be provided instead of the arc-shaped slots, as these weaken the fixing plate less.
[0020] Preferably, the opening of the fixing plate serving to receive the threaded bolt is surrounded by a plurality of slots and/or rows of holes, which are arranged on a circular line, on two circular lines, on three circular lines or on four circular lines around the opening. While the circular lines are preferably arranged concentrically to each other so that they have a common centre, they can be arranged both concentrically and eccentrically in relation to the opening of the fixing plate.
[0021] In the case of the concentric arrangement, the fixing plate has at least two circular-arc-shaped slots and/or rows of holes that are arranged at the same distance from the opening, wherein the distance remains the same over the entire length of the slots or rows of holes. It corresponds to the radius of the circular line on which the circular-arc-shaped slots or rows of holes are arranged.
[0022] In the case of the eccentric arrangement, the fixing plate in plan view has at least two circular-arc-shaped slots and/or rows of holes in a mirrored arrangement, wherein the mirror axis runs centrally through the opening. Here too, the distance between the slots or rows of holes opposite each other at the opening is preferably the same as the opening if the distance is measured perpendicular to the mirror axis in each case. With the eccentric arrangement, however, the distance to the opening varies over the length of the slots or rows of holes, as the radius of the circular line on which the slots or rows of holes are arranged does not end at the centre of the opening, but is offset by the degree of eccentricity on the mirror axis running centrally through the opening.
[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the fixing device according to the invention, the fixing plate has pairs of circular-arc-shaped slots and/or rows of holes arranged on a common circular line, which are arranged opposite each other in a mirrored arrangement at the opening of the fixing plate. The number of pairs of slots and/or rows of holes can be three in particular, since in this case the fixing plate is optimised with regard to the adjustment options and the stability requirements.
[0024] To increase the stability of the fixing plate, it can be made correspondingly thick. Alternatively or additionally, at least one embossing can be provided, which leads to a plastic deformation of the fixing plate in certain regions. For example, embossing can be used to increase the height of the fixing plate on the one hand and to deepen it on the other. This increases the rigidity of the fixing plate. Preferably, at least two embossings are provided, which lie opposite each other at the opening of the fixing plate provided for receiving the threaded bolt and thus stabilise the fixing plate, particularly in the region of the opening, as the bending stress on the fixing plate is particularly high here.
[0025] Alternatively or additionally, it is also proposed that the opening in the fixing plate is formed by a sleeve that is firmly connected to the fixing plate or is moulded by the fixing plate. The sleeve simplifies the production of the internal thread for receiving the threaded bolt, as a larger surface area is available. By contrast, the fixing plate can have a comparatively low thickness, as the sleeve also provides further stiffening of the fixing plate. The sleeve can be open on both sides, so that a through-opening is formed, or closed at one end, so that the maximum screw-in depth of the threaded bolt is predetermined.
[0026] The threaded bolt preferably has a thread-free portion, which preferably has an enlarged outer diameter in relation to a threaded portion for connection to the fixing plate, so that the threaded bolt forms an annular contact shoulder. The contact shoulder limits the screw-in depth and thus the adjustment path in the direction perpendicular to the structure-side substrate, so that a minimum distance between the fixing plate and the structure-side substrate is ensured. If the facade to be constructed is a suspended facade ventilated from behind, this ensures that a minimum layer thickness of an air layer used for rear ventilation is maintained. This is particularly advantageous if the opening of the sleeve for receiving the threaded bolt is formed as a through-opening, as in this case the screw-in depth is unlimited.
[0027] The threaded bolt of the proposed fixing device can be fastened directly or indirectly to the structure-side substrate or anchored in the structure-side substrate. For indirect fastening or anchoring, the fixing device can be extended — with appropriate aids.
[0028] For example, the fixing device can comprise a mounting plate for support on the structure-side substrate. In this case, the mounting plate preferably has an opening, preferably a through-opening, with an internal thread for connection to a threaded portion of the threaded bolt. When constructing a facade, the mounting plate is first fastened to the substrate, for example with the aid of screws, and the threaded bolt is then screwed into the opening in the mounting plate. To prevent the threaded bolt from being unscrewed from the mounting plate later when the fixing plate is screwed onto the threaded bolt, the thread of the threaded portion for connection to the mounting plate preferably runs oppositely to the thread of the threaded portion used to connect the threaded bolt to the fixing plate. This means that the two threaded portions, preferably at the end of the threaded bolt, are in opposite directions.
[0029] To make it easier to fasten the mounting plate to the structure-side substrate, the mounting plate can have at least one further opening to receive a screw in addition to the opening to receive the threaded bolt. The at least one further opening is formed as a through-opening. It can be circular or in the form of a slot. The opening for receiving the threaded bolt can be designed in the same way as the opening in the fixing plate. In particular, the opening of the mounting plate can be formed by a sleeve that is connected to the mounting plate or is moulded by the mounting plate itself. The sleeve simplifies the production of the internal thread to receive the threaded bolt, as a larger surface area is available.
[0030] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one threaded portion of the threaded bolt is a metric thread, for example an M8 thread. With an M8 thread, the adjustment travel is 0.75 mm when the fixing plate is rotated by an angular range of 180° relative to the threaded bolt. This has proven to be particularly advantageous.
[0031] However, the threaded bolt can also be fastened or anchored to or in the — structure-side substrate without a mounting plate. For example, the threaded bolt can be anchored in the structure-side substrate with the aid of an injection technique, in particular glued into the structure-side substrate.
[0032] Alternatively or additionally, the threaded bolt can be anchored in the building substrate with the aid of a dowel. This can be a conventional dowel, for example a frame dowel. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the proposed fixing device therefore comprises a dowel for anchoring the threaded bolt in the structure-side substrate.
[0033] In accordance with the invention, it is proposed that the fixing device has a panel-like or profile-like structural element, for example a support profile, having at least two holes, preferably slots, which can be brought into at least partial overlap with the at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or with the at least one circular-arc-shaped row of holes in the fixing plate. If the panel-like or profile-like structural element is a support profile, a panel-like structural element, for example a facade panel, can be attached to it.
[0034] Preferably, the panel-like or profile-like structural element of the fixing device has a plurality of holes, preferably slots, which form at least one row of holes running parallel to a longitudinal edge of the structural element. The large number of holes increases the fastening options. To enable secure fastening, two rows of holes are preferably provided along two parallel longitudinal edges of the structural element or support profile. If the structural element is a support profile, this can be a hat profile in particular, which has a trapezoidal cross-section with two parallel flange regions for contact with the fixing plate of the fixing device. The rows of holes are then formed in the flange regions.
[0035] To solve the problem mentioned at the outset, a method for producing a facade, preferably a suspended facade ventilated from behind, using a fixing device according to the invention is also proposed. In the method, the threaded bolt is fastened to the structure-side substrate or anchored in the structure-side substrate. The fixing plate is then screwed onto the threaded bolt, wherein the distance between the fixing plate and the structure-side substrate is at least pre-
set. A panel-like or profile-like structural element, for example a support profile, is then placed against the fixing plate, so that holes formed in the panel-like or profile-like structural element and the at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or the at least one circular-arc-shaped row of holes in the fixing plate have a common overlap region for receiving a fastening means, in particular a screw or a rivet. The panel-like or profile-like structural element can then be fixed in position on the fixing plate with the aid of at least one fastening means. In particular, the fastening means can be a self-tapping screw. In the case of a rivet as a fastening means, it can be a blind rivet in particular.
[0036] To precisely adjust the position of the panel-like or profile-like structural element in relation to the structure-side substrate, the fixing plate is rotated in relation to the threaded bolt, preferably before the panel-like or profile-like structural element is finally fixed in position on the fixing plate. As a result, the fixing plate moves closer to or further away from the structure-side substrate, so that the distance between the panel-like or profile-like structural element and the structure-side substrate is adjusted. Depending on the design of the fixing plate, the height position can be adjusted at the same time. This is the case if a fixing plate is used that has at least one circular-arc-shaped slot and/or at least one circular-arc-shaped row of holes, which is or are arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening for receiving the threaded bolt.
[0037] In the proposed method, the distance between the panel-like or profile-like structural element and the structure-side substrate and/or the height position of the panel-like or profile-like structural element is therefore preferably adjusted by rotating the fixing plate screwed onto the threaded bolt.
[0038] When carrying out the method according to the invention, the threaded bolt can be fastened to the structure-side substrate with the aid of a mounting plate. In this case, the mounting plate is preferably first fastened to the structure- side substrate. The threaded bolt is then screwed in. The mounting plate simplifies the installation of the threaded bolt. It also distributes the load so that the load capacity of the fixing device is increased.
[0039] Alternatively, it is suggested that the threaded bolt is anchored in the — structure-side substrate with the aid of an injection technique, in particular that it is glued into the structure-side substrate. However, this assumes that the structure-side substrate is a solid wall construction, as otherwise the anchoring is inadequate.
[0040] As an alternative or in addition to the injection technique, the threaded bolt can be anchored in the structure-side substrate with the aid of a dowel. The dowel optimises the anchoring in the structure-side substrate so that the requirements for the substrate can be reduced.
[0041] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a fixing plate of a fixing device according to the invention,
Fig. 2 is a side view of a threaded bolt of a fixing device according to the invention,
Fig. 3 is a plan view of and various longitudinal sections through a mounting plate of a fixing device according to the invention,
Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section through a fixing device according to the invention fastened to a structure-side substrate,
Fig. 5 shows various views of a fixing profile with mounted support profile in different positions relative to each other,
Fig. 6 is a plan view of a further fixing plate of a fixing device according to the invention,
Fig. 7 is a schematic longitudinal section through a further fixing device according to the invention attached to a structure-side substrate, and
Fig. 8 is a plan view of and various longitudinal sections through a modification of the fixing plate of Fig. 6. Detailed description of the drawings
[0042] A fixing device according to the invention for fastening a panel-like or profile-like structural element 15 to a structure-side substrate 3 comprises at least one fixing plate 1 and a threaded bolt 2. A first preferred embodiment of a fixing plate 1 is described below with reference to Fig. 1.
[0043] The fixing plate 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a rectangular basic shape. An opening 4 in the form of a through-opening is formed in the fixing plate 1. The opening 4 is arranged centrally between the two short side edges and eccentrically between the two long side edges of the fixing plate 1. The opening 4 is formed by a sleeve-like portion 19 of the fixing plate 1, which is provided with an internal thread 5. A web-like embossing 20 is provided on both sides of the opening 4 to increase the rigidity of the fixing plate 1. Three circular-arc-shaped slots 6 are formed above and below the opening 4. The slots 6 are arranged on circular lines concentric to each other, but their common centre is arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening 4 or its centre. The plan view of Fig. 1 clearly shows that the slots 6 are mirrored, with the mirror axis As running through the centre of the opening 4. The fixing plate 1 is designed to be mirror- symmetrical about the mirror axis As.
[0044] Fig. 2 shows a threaded bolt 2 which, together with the fixing plate 1 of
Fig. 1, forms a fixing device according to the invention. The threaded bolt 2 has a threaded portion 8, 13 at each of its two ends, wherein the thread is a metric thread, specifically an M8 thread. The two threaded portions 8, 13 have opposing threads, i.e. a left-hand thread and a right-hand thread. Between the threaded portions 8, 13, the threaded bolt 2 has a thread-free portion 7 with an enlarged diameter D, wherein the diameter D in this case is 10 mm. Due to the enlarged diameter D, the threaded bolt 2 forms a contact shoulder 9, which defines a maximum screw-in depth.
[0045] In addition to a fixing plate 1 and a threaded bolt 2, the fixing device according to the invention can also comprise a mounting plate 10, by means of which the fixing device can be fastened to the structure-side substrate 3. Such a mounting plate 10 can be seen in Fig. 3. The mounting plate 10 has an opening 11 in the form of a through-opening, which is delimited by a sleeve-like portion
21. The sleeve-like portion 21 has an internal thread 12 for receiving a threaded bolt 2, which can be designed in the same way as the threaded bolt 2 in Fig.