FI20235356A1 - Pressurized projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressurized projectile (1) comprising a casing (2), a core (3) and a stabilizing part (6), the stabilizing part (6) consisting of a shaft (8) and a wing part (7) attached to the shaft (8) at the first end (20) of the stabilizing part (6), wherein the core (3) of the projectile (1) has a cylindrical cavity (5) which is at least partially closed by a closure part (25), wherein the closure part (25) has an opening (26) for the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6), wherein a piston (9) is attached to the second end (30) of the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6), which is placed in the cavity (5) to form a space (11) in front of the piston (9) and through the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6) a channel (12) passes into the space (11) and wherein the channel (12) has a valve structure (40) which allows the pressure of the powder gas to enter the cavity of the projectile (1) (5) and prevents the escape of powder gas from inside the projectile (1) through the channel (12).

Description

PRESSURIZED AMMUNITION

The invention relates to a pressurized projectile according to the independent claim.

The ammunition is particularly suitable for use in, but not only, heavy weapons, offering improved accuracy compared to traditional ammunition.

Cartridges suitable for weapons typically consist of a projectile, which is a general term that includes all projectiles that can be fired. The main types of ammunition are bullets, grenades and special ammunition. Ammunition can include, among others, sharp arrows, blunt-headed flints, slingstones, cannonballs, shrapnel and stones fired from catapults. A cartridge, on the other hand, refers to an ammunition combination in which the projectile, with any fuzes, the case, the powder charge and the primer are combined into one whole.

A cartridge contains all the elements needed to propel a projectile as a single unit. Almost all small-caliber firearms are cartridge-fired weapons.

In cartridge firing, the projectile and propellant are loaded into the weapon separately. This type of firing is used especially in large-caliber (over 100 mm) cannons, where the use of cartridge firing does not make sense for technical reasons: the physical size and weight of the cartridge would increase too much. In this case, the projectile is loaded into the chamber first, and then the cartridge containing the propellant, which can be in a brass case containing a primer, or in a textile or cardboard package, in which case the separate primer is inserted last before closing the breech.

Textile-packed powder pouches are popular, especially for very large-caliber naval guns, 2 which allows the amount of propellant charge to be easily adjusted in relation to the firing distance.

Oh, oh

S 25 —Bullet generally refers to the non-explosive projectile of a small-caliber weapon, usually less than 20 mm.

The bullet, or part of a cartridge, that is fired at the target. Hunting gun bullets consist of

E: usually made of a brass alloy jacket and a lead core. The jacket can also be made of soft 3 steel and the core of a metal other than lead. Bullets can also be made entirely of lead

O or other metal. Today, big game hunting also uses

S 30 — all-copper bullets due to the material's appropriate softness (does not damage the gun barrel) and toughness (changes shape upon impact but does not fragment).

In everyday language, a rifling (groove, scratch) most commonly refers to a gently curving groove running along the inside surface of a firearm barrel, a rifling groove, the function of which is to cause a bullet or other projectile to rotate around its longitudinal axis during its flight to improve accuracy. Rifled barrels are now used in almost all rifles, pistols and cannons. Unrifled or smooth barrels are now used in shotguns, grenade launchers, rocket launchers, tank guns and some cannons.

The number of riflings in the barrel of a handgun is usually four to eight, but other solutions are also used. The number of riflings in rifle caliber weapons is usually four to six, and they are made for the entire length of the barrel. The exception is a separate, — rifled reduction sleeve made for a shotgun. The distance during which one rifling makes a full turn in the barrel is called the rifling pitch. The depth of the rifling in a handgun is usually between 0.1-0.3 mm and the pitch is about one revolution over a distance of 20-30 cm. A long bullet usually needs a short rifling pitch to stabilize. Too frequent rifling pitch can cause a phenomenon called overstabilization, in which the bullet does not change its axial angle according to the angle of the trajectory. In this case, it — finds itself in an oblique position on its trajectory relative to its direction of travel, which is disastrous for both accuracy and power. The pressure level and the weapon's susceptibility to wear may also increase, the barrel may become copper-plated faster than normal, and accuracy may therefore suffer.

Although rifle-caliber weapons have improved significantly in accuracy since the introduction of rifling, the opposite development has also occurred. Tanks, for example, use smoothbore guns that fire tail-stabilized projectiles. Accuracy and penetration are good, and the first shot at an enemy tank, for example, can be fired from about 3,000 meters or even further. A smoothbore barrel can achieve higher muzzle velocities than a rifled barrel, which in this context means a 25 — longer sweep and better armor penetration, especially with subcaliber and arrow shells and armor-piercing grenades.

N a A bullet can also have a groove called a rifling. This is the case, for example, in some shotgun 3 full-bore bullets. In this case, we speak of air rifling, and their purpose is the same as the rifling in the barrel 2 30 — : to cause the bullet to rotate, in this case by means of air resistance. &

Flechette, or arrow projectile or cartridge, is based on arrow-shaped “bullets.” They resemble nails with arrow-shaped fins on the ends to stabilize the flight.

They do not fragment on target. Arrow projectiles are used in military operations against human targets. They are designed for various weapons: cannons, rifles, pistols and shotguns. Arrow projectiles are particularly effective against various protective equipment such as body armor, flak vests and helmets. For this reason, the use of arrow projectiles is often limited to official use only.

Sub-caliber arrow projectiles are mainly used against other tanks. The arrow projectile used in a smooth-bore tank gun (100-125 mm) reaches an initial velocity of over 1,500 m/s. The arrow itself is a 2-3 cm diameter and over half a meter long sharp-tipped “dart” (dimensions depend on the caliber of the gun), with small fins at the end to stabilize the flight. The arrow is made of a hard and very heavy metal: “tungsten” or “DU” (depleted uranium). The penetration of the arrow projectile is based on a very high impact velocity, high kinetic energy and a small impact surface. The tip of the arrow is already inside the tank while the tail is still outside. The high weight to cross-sectional area of the arrow maintains flight speed and allows for earlier firing of other A-type ammunition, and the short flight time forgives errors in range and advance judgment. The high penetration velocity releases hot fragments from the armor, which cause fires and explosions inside the vehicle, destroying the vehicle's structures and crew. Oxidation of depleted uranium (DU) during penetration reduces penetration friction and causes an explosion inside the vehicle.

The main gun caliber of the main battle tank (MBT) is 100-125 mm and larger for firing fragmentation and hollow-point grenades and missiles. Therefore, the thin arrow is a 25 — tied to its barrel with a sealing and centering sabot, which is for example an aluminum = sealing sleeve consisting of sectors. The sabot guides the arrow through the barrel and opens

N due to air resistance, separated from the arrow as sectors scatter into the foreground. The arrow may penetrate

E several meters of armor steel. Today, a sub-caliber arrow projectile is the main pst- 3 projectile against heavily armored targets, such as battle tanks. 3 30

N The solution according to the invention can be classified as a projectile belonging to the group of arrow projectiles. It eliminates or reduces the problems encountered in the use of traditional arrow projectiles, such as making sealing sleeves unnecessary. The projectile structure allows for a non-rifled barrel, which enables shooting with heavy loads. The speed of projectiles fired with larger loads is higher, which results in a stable trajectory and a high impact velocity on the target.

At the same time, the effect of rifling on accuracy is eliminated, which becomes significant when shooting at long distances. With a pressurized arrow projectile — the tail of the projectile is stabilized in its open position and when the projectile hits the target, the internal pressure of the projectile effectively fragments the projectile, causing greater damage to the target.

The solution according to the invention comprises a precision weapon manufactured by fine mechanics — a projectile that is fired with a smooth barrel. When the projectile is in the barrel of the weapon, the powder gas generated during firing pushes the tail out from the back of the projectile, which stabilizes the trajectory of the projectile after it leaves the barrel. The projectile has a valve structure that keeps the pressure created by the powder gas generated in the barrel inside the projectile. The pressure remaining inside the projectile locks the projectile's opening tail effectively and — motionlessly in place, making the trajectory extremely stable. At the same time, the pressure remaining inside the projectile enhances the destructive effect of the projectile on the target. The use of a smooth barrel enables the use of higher initial velocities than before and thus — extending the shooting distance and increasing accuracy = especially — at long shooting distances. The projectile can be set in a rotating motion similar to the movement achieved with rifling by shaping the tail. The solution according to the invention eliminates the production of rifling from the manufacture of the gun barrel, thereby making the manufacturing process simpler. The solution according to the invention is particularly suitable, but not only, for large-caliber weapons. Typically, the solution according to the invention is advantageous for projectiles with a diameter of % inch & and larger. 0 = The invention is described in more detail below with the help of application examples

N with reference to the accompanying simplified drawings, in which = 3 figure 1 shows a simplified schematic drawing of a preferred 2 30 — projectile according to the invention before the projectile is fired, & figure 2 shows a simplified schematic drawing of a preferred projectile according to the invention after the projectile is fired,

Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the projectile valve structure, and Figure 4 shows another preferred embodiment of the projectile valve structure. 5 The terms forward, front and the like hereinafter refer to a direction or surface corresponding to the direction of flight of the projectile, and the terms rearward, rear and the like refer to a direction or surface opposite to the direction of flight of the projectile.

Longitudinal direction refers to the direction of the gun barrel.

Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred projectile 1 according to the invention before the projectile is fired. The projectile comprises a jacket 2 and a core 3.

The jacket 2 and the core 3 are typically made of the same material and the solution according to the invention is suitable for use in all prior art projectiles. The projectile 1 is attached to a cartridge 4, whereby the cartridge contains the primer and gunpowder necessary for firing the projectile, — which are not shown in Figure 1. When the weapon is fired, the primer ignites the gunpowder and as the gunpowder burns, gunpowder gas is formed that sets the projectile in motion. The pressure of the gunpowder gas formed in the cartridge and later in the barrel sets the projectile in motion through the barrel that gives the projectile direction. — The core 3 of the projectile 1 has a cylindrical cavity 5, in which the projectile's stabilizing part 6, i.e. the tail part, is at least partially placed. The cavity 5 is closed at least partially at its rear by a closing part 25. The stabilizing part 6 consists of a wing part 7 and a shaft 8, to the first end 20 of which the wing part is attached, and a piston 9 enabling the longitudinal movement of the stabilizing part and stopping the movement, which is attached to the second end 30 of the stabilizing part 25. The piston 9 of the stabilizing part 6 is located in the cavity 5 of the core 3 and is able to move longitudinally within the cavity. The closing part 25 of the cavity 5 has an opening 26

N for the arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6. The arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 can move in the longitudinal direction

E inside the opening 26 of the closure part 25. Before the projectile 1 is fired, the stabilizing part 6 is positioned 3 in its first extreme position according to Figure 1, whereby the piston 9 at the other end 2 30 — of the stabilizing part is in its forward extreme position. The piston 9 of the stabilizing part 6 forms

N together with the cavity 5 formed in the core 3, space 11 for the powder gases of the projectile 1, which are released when the projectile is fired. The powder gases enter the space 11 along the channel 12 formed inside the shaft of the stabilizing part 6. The channel 12 has a valve structure 40, which allows the powder gas to enter the cavity 5, but prevents the powder gas from leaving the cavity. The operation of a preferred embodiment of the valve structure 40 is described in more detail in connection with Figure 3. The valve structure 40 can alternatively also be placed in the rear part of the shaft 8 of the stabilizing part 6, at the beginning of the channel 12. In this case, the valve structure is preferably, for example, like that of Figure 4.

The wing part 7 of the stabilizing part 6 is positioned closed, or nearly closed, to the rear part 13 of the projectile 1 before the projectile is fired. The rear part 13 of the projectile 1 is formed by a closing part 25 that at least partially closes the cavity 5 formed in the core 3 of the projectile. The closing part 25 is attached to the inner surface of the rear part of the cavity 5 of the projectile by threads 27. When pushed out of the cavity 5 of the projectile 1 into the open space 11 due to the pressure created by the powder gas, the wing part 7 of the stabilizing part 6 stabilizes the trajectory of the projectile 1 after the projectile has left the barrel of the weapon. The wing part 7 includes two or more wings. When the pressure created by the powder gases is kept inside the projectile 1 in the open space 11 and is not allowed to escape through the channel 12 after the projectile has left the barrel, the stabilizing part 6 is maintained in an extremely rigid position without the stabilizing part 6 being able to move at all during the flight of the projectile. The clearances between the closing part 25 and the stem 8 of the stabilizing part 6, or the piston 9, can be made such that a separate seal is not required between the said parts. On the other hand, the solution according to the invention can also include a seal between the said parts. The seal can be implemented — for example, in the form of an O-seal between the rear surface 16 of the piston 9 and the closing part 25.

The sealing can also be achieved by making the arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 slightly conical so that it narrows slightly towards the wing part 7. In this case, the arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 automatically seals against the wall of the opening 26 of the closing part 25 when the stabilizing part & protrudes from the projectile 1. 09 = It is also possible to make at least one other channel 41 in the projectile 1, through which

N the pressure of the powder gas can at least partially escape from the cavity of the projectile 5. Into the channel 41

It is advantageous to place a valve structure 42 which enables the desired pressure 3 to be maintained inside the projectile 1. The valve structure 40 in the channel 12 thus allows the powder gas 2 to enter the projectile 1 at a pressure of 30 — and prevents it from escaping through the channel 12, and the valve structure

N 42 in channel 41 allows part of the pressure inside the projectile to escape through channel 41. This solution brings the internal pressure of the projectile 1 to the desired level.

However, the channel 41 with its valve structures 42 is an option and is not necessarily included in the structure of the projectile 1. The channel 41 with its valve structures 42 can be located, as shown in Figure 1, on the central axis of the projectile 1 from the cavity 5 towards the tip of the projectile. It is also possible to manufacture one or more channels 41 with its valve structures 42 through the side of the projectile 1 or even through the rear surface of the projectile. The valve structure 42 located in the channel 41 is, for example, similar to the valve structure 40 of the channel 12, which is described in more detail in Figure 3.

The valve structure 42 may alternatively be located at the end of the channel 41 facing the chamber 5. In this case, the valve structure is preferably, for example, similar to that in Figure 4.

The sleeve 4 is in this example attached only to the closure part 25, but it should be understood that the sleeve can also extend into the area of the shell 2 of the projectile 1, in which case the sleeve is attached to both the shell and the closure part. Similarly, the closure part 25 can have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the shell 2 of the projectile 1 at the end facing the sleeve 4, in which case the sleeve is attached only to the shell.

The outer surface of the shell 3 of the projectile 1 has sealing rings 14, which seal the gap between the projectile and the barrel of the weapon. There may be one or more sealing rings 14 around the projectile. These sealing rings 14 prevent the escape of powder gas to the front of the projectile 1 in the barrel of the weapon after the projectile is fired and allow the projectile to have maximum acceleration and firing speed. The sealing rings are typically — made of copper, a copper-bronze alloy or a similar material suitable for sealing.

Figure 2 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred projectile 1 according to the invention & after the projectile has been fired. The powder gases released when the weapon is fired can enter the space 11 formed inside the core 3 of the projectile 1 = a channel 12 passing through the shaft 8 of the projectile stabilization part 6 and the

N through the valve structure 40. The pressure of the powder gas causes the expansion of the space 11, whereby

The powder gases press the piston 9 at the end of the rod 8 of the stabilizing part 6 from its first 3 extreme position to its second extreme position and maximize the space 11 in the core 3 2 30 — cavity 5 of the projectile 1. In its second extreme position, the rear surface 16 of the piston 9 is pressed against

N closing parts 25. When in this position, there may be, for example, an O-ring seal between the rear surface 16 of the piston 9 and the closing part 25. The arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 and the opening 26 of the closing part 25 are dimensioned such that when the stabilizing part moves from its first extreme position to its second extreme position, the arm of the stabilizing part is locked in its second extreme position due to the pressure of the powder gases. The locking is achieved, for example, by making the arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 slightly thicker at least in the vicinity of the piston 9, whereby it can be locked in the opening 26 of the closing part 25 when the stabilizing part moves to its second extreme position. When — the arm 8 of the stabilizing part 6 is firmly attached to the opening 26 of the closing part 25, a rise can be made in the wing 7 of the stabilizing part, which enables the projectile 1 to rotate around its own longitudinal axis. The elevation of the wings 7 produces a similar effect on the projectile 1 as the rifling of the gun barrel. In the solution according to the invention, the gun barrel is therefore unrifled. The wings may also be shaped in other ways, — so that the projectile is made to rotate around its longitudinal axis.

The solution according to the invention can also consist of more than one arm 8 for the stabilizing part 6, whereby the arm parts open telescopically and lock in their opened extreme position due to friction. The locking is achieved by — making the arm parts 8 slightly conical at least at the ends of the arm parts so that in the opened position of the arm the outer diameter of the end of the inner arm part is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the outer arm part. In the closed position the arm parts 8 are nested and only open due to the pressure of the powder gases and wedge into the locked position. The wing part 7 can be attached to any part of the arm 8, whereby — one or more arm parts can still extend behind the wing part. The wing part 7 can also be attached to one or more parts of the arm 8. Thanks to the telescopic structure, the length of the projectile 1 can be increased and, if desired, the wing part 7 can be placed further away from the projectile casing 2. Such a solution can further stabilize the trajectory of the projectile 1. When the valve structure 40 is placed & in the rearmost part of the telescopic arm 8, the pressure remaining inside the projectile 1 causes the tail to stiffen into a stable structure. This further improves the projectile's = accuracy of hit. Thanks to the valve structure 42 in the channel 41 of the projectile 1,

N is set inside the projectile at a desired pressure, which is lower than the maximum pressure created by the powder gas &. © 2 cd 30 — Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment in the channel 12 of the shaft 8 of the stabilizing part

N of the valve structure 40. A similar valve structure is also suitable for use with the valve structure 42 in the channel 41. The valve structures 40 and 42 may be as described, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the valve structure may also be a valve structure according to other known technology.

The valve structure 40 consists of a ball 50, a spring 51 and a support member 53 attached to the channel 12 by threads 52. The channel 12 expands slightly at the valve structure 40, whereby the ball 50 is pressed against the walls of the channel 12 by the spring 51.

When the pressure of the powder gas enters the projectile channel 12 in accordance with arrow 54, the powder gas pushes the ball 50 towards the inside of the projectile and compresses the spring 51, allowing the powder gas to be pushed inside the projectile. The spring force is dimensioned such that the pressure of the powder gas — causes the ball 50 to move towards the support part 53. When the pressure outside the projectile is lower than the pressure inside the projectile, the valve structure remains closed and the ball 50 is pressed against the walls of the channel 12 by the spring 51. The support part 53 is attached to the channel 12 by threads 52, whereby the support part holds the other end of the spring 51 in place. A hole extends through the support part 53, whereby the channel 12 continues through the spring 51 and the support part 53 into the inside of the projectile.

The corresponding valve structure is in the channel 41 according to Figures 1 and 2. The spring force of the spring 51 of the valve structure 42 in the channel 41 adjusts the magnitude of the pressure remaining inside the projectile 1.

Figure 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the valve structure 40, where the valve structure 40 is located at the rear of the arm 8 of the stabilizing member 6 shown in Figures 1 and 2 at the beginning of the channel 12. The embodiment of the valve structure 40 shown in Figure 4 may be similar to the valve structure 42, where it is located at the end of the channel 41 facing the chamber 5 &. The channel 12 is made wider at its beginning so that the bullet 50 a 25 — can move in the channel and a gap remains between the bullet and the edges of the channel, through which the powder gases = can pass into the projectile. The dimensions shown in Figure 4 do not correspond to

In the most preferred embodiment, for example, the gap between the ball 50 and the walls of the channel 12

E is shown larger in Figure 4 for clarity. © 2 cd 30 — The ball 50 remains in place against the support member 53 due to the spring force of the spring 51 when

The pressure outside N is less than the pressure inside the projectile combined with the pressure required to counteract the spring force. The spring 51 is preferably conical in shape, so that it remains well in place in the channel 12. The support member 53 is attached to the shaft 8 of the stabilizing member 6 by threads 52. The valve structure 40 allows the pressure of the powder gas to enter the projectile and prevents it from escaping through the channel 12. The valve structure 40 in the channel 12 and the valve structure 42 in the channel 41 may be the same or different.

The charge of the projectile according to the invention is greater than that of a corresponding projectile according to the prior art, thereby providing a higher initial velocity for the projectile. A higher initial velocity provides a more stable trajectory and a higher impact velocity on the target.

At the same time, the projectile's — accuracy — improves = compared to a traditional projectile. — Accuracy is further improved when the internal pressure of the projectile causes the tail structure to remain very rigid. This is especially noticeable at long shooting distances.

The tail protruding from the projectile eliminates the effects of rifling on the projectile's trajectory and accuracy. The rifling affects the stability of the weapon and tends to turn the barrel/tube of the weapon while the projectile is in the — barrel/tube. The effects of rifling on accuracy become apparent especially when firing shots requiring accuracy at distant targets. Similarly, part of the pressure of the powder gas can be released through the rifling, whereby a rifling-free solution such as the invention uses the resulting pressure more efficiently. — The projectile according to the invention also produces a three-part impact on the target, which is particularly effective against armored targets. When the projectile hits the target, the first impact comes from the impact of the projectile's jacket and core. The second impact comes from the fragmentation of the projectile caused by the release of the internal pressure of the projectile & when the projectile hits the target, this fragmentation enhances the destructive effect of the projectile.

At the moment of impact, when the projectile fragments, the stabilizer, with its pistons and wings, = moves forward. When the stabilizer hits the target, it slightly deflects the shell and

N hearts later, the stabilization unit delivers a third strike to the target, which enhances

E the penetration ability of the projectile. In the case of an embodiment with a telescopic 3 structure arm 8, more blows will occur as the telescopic structure collapses after the hit 2 30 —. &

It is clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples presented above, but may vary within the scope of the claims presented below.

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A pressurized projectile (1) comprising a casing (2), a core (3) and a stabilizing part (6), the stabilizing part (6) consisting of a shaft (8) and a wing part (7) attached to the shaft (8) at the first end (20) of the stabilizing part (6), characterized in that the core (3) of the projectile (1) has a cylindrical cavity (5) which is at least partially closed by a closure part (25), wherein the closure part (25) has an opening (26) for the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6), wherein a piston (9) is attached to the second end (30) of the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6), which is placed in the cavity (5) to form a space (11) in front of the piston (9) and through the shaft (8) of the stabilizing part (6) a channel (12) passes into the space (11) and that the channel (12) has a valve structure (40) which allows the pressure of the powder gas to enter the cavity of the projectile (1) (5) and prevents the escape of powder gas from inside the projectile (1) through the channel (12). 2. A projectile (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile (1) has one or more channels (41) equipped with a valve structure (42), through which the pressure of the powder gas can escape from the inside of the projectile (1). 3. A projectile (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is a seal between the rear surface (16) of the piston (9) of the stabilizing part (6) and the closing part (25). 4. A projectile (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the stem (8) of the stabilizing part (6) widens as it moves towards the piston (9) and has a larger diameter at the base of the piston (9) than the opening (26) of the closing part (25) for frictionally attaching the stabilizing part (6) to the closing part (25). 5. A projectile (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the arm (8) of the stabilizing part (6) consists of more than one part, which parts can be opened and closed telescopically and are attached to each other in their opened position by means of friction. = 6. A projectile (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the wing part (7) is N attached to any one of the parts of the telescopic arm (8). E 7. A projectile (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that there are two or more wing parts (7), wherein the wing parts (7) are attached to two or more parts of a telescopic arm (8). N 8. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wing portion (7) of the stabilizing part (6) is shaped to cause the projectile (1) to rotate about its own longitudinal axis. 9. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure part (25) is attached to the inner surface of the cavity (5) by threads (27). 10. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (2) of the projectile (1) has at least one sealing ring (14) which seals the projectile (1) against the inner surface of the barrel. 11. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-10, characterized in that the cartridge case (4) is attached to the closure part (25). 12. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-10, characterized in that the sleeve (4) is attached to the closure part (25) and to the jacket (2) of the projectile (1). 13. A projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-10, characterised in that the casing (4) is attached to the jacket (2) of the projectile (1). ™ N O N O <Q o N I = © LO ™ LO 0 N O N