RU2750105C1 - Bullet shell for shooting from smoothbore barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, namely to bullet shells for smoothbore barrels. A bullet shell for shooting from smoothbore weapons is comprised of a case, an igniting primer, a propellant charge. A bullet is placed in the case, with a cylindrical part of the bullet body, fixed by an annular fastener, comprising a piston consisting of a round part and a square part, wherein the square part of the piston is configured to enter the square hole of the cylindrical part of the bullet body to prevent rotation of the piston configured to be fixed in the bullet body with a ball lock before the bullet exits the bore. Slanted holes are located in the circular part of the piston from the end side along the outer perimeter at an angle to the bullet axis to rotate the bullet, wherein plugs are installed to prevent liquid from entering the cavity of the gunpowder sleeve. The liquid cavity of the bullet is formed by the side wall of the bullet body, the front part of the piston and a protective film fixed on the bullet body and covering the slanted holes of the bullet body. The liquid cavity of the piston is formed by the end part of the bullet body, the piston, a protective film fixed on the bullet body and the round part of the piston. The liquid cavities of the bullet and piston contain liquid, the liquid is retained in the liquid cavity of the piston and the liquid cavity of the bullet body by the protective film of the piston fixed to the bullet body, the piston and the plugs on the end side of the circular part of the piston. Slanted holes are made in the side wall of the cylindrical part of the bullet body allowing liquid to pass from the liquid cavity of the bullet into the gap between the bullet body and the barrel of the weapon. Grooves are made on the outer side of the cylindrical part of the bullet body, allowing liquid to pass through the grooves from the liquid cavity of the bullet.EFFECT: increased speed of the bullet fired from a smoothbore weapon and reduced heating of the barrel upon firing.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to small arms cartridges in the field of military weapons: pistols, rifles, machine guns, machine guns, hunting and sporting weapons.

The objective of this invention is to create a cartridge for firing a smooth-bore weapon, increase the speed of the bullet and its rotation, the accuracy of hitting the target, reduce the heating of the barrel and recoil when fired, and increase the life of the weapon.

There are various designs of cartridges containing a primer-igniter, a sleeve, a powder charge, a bullet with a stabilizer in a container. The closest technical solutions are reflected in patents: utility models No. 9713, No. 98066, No. 111275 and inventions No. 2309369, No. 2611044. The magazine “KALASHNIKOV. WEAPON. AMMUNITION, EQUIPMENT ", No. 2000" Known bullet cartridge containing a sleeve, a primer-igniter, a propellant charge, and a sub-caliber swept projectile with a composite container that separates when firing a projectile from the barrel and performs the functions of a wad-obturator with plastic plumage, which protrudes from the composite container and immersed in the propellant charge.

The disadvantage of a bullet cartridge is a low initial speed of a bullet projectile (500-580 m / s) and a complex design, the presence of a stabilizer-tail, which increases the resistance of the bullet during flight and, as a result, a decrease in the aiming range, there is no bullet rotation, which affects the accuracy of hitting purpose, not the use of a cartridge in the field of military weapons.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a cartridge for firing smooth-bore weapons, achieving high flight speed and bullet rotation, exceeding these parameters when fired from a rifled weapon, increasing the accuracy of hitting the target, reducing barrel heating, increasing the service life of the weapon.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the bullet contains a piston consisting of a round and square section. The square part of the piston prevents the piston from rotating in the bullet body, the square part of the piston enters the square part of the barrel of the bullet body when fired. Before the bullet leaves the bore, the piston is fixed in the bullet body, with a ball lock, to prevent a decrease in the weight and inertia of the bullet. In the circular part of the piston, along the outer perimeter, there are oblique holes at an angle to the bullet axis, in which plugs are installed, to prevent liquid from entering the cavity of the cartridge case for finding the powder. In the body of the bullet there are two planes for liquid placement. The liquid in the cavities is retained by a protective film of the piston and plugs, a protective film of the bullet body. The fluid is selected experimentally to achieve maximum flight speed and bullet rotation. There are oblique holes in the bullet body. The rotation of a bullet in a smooth-bore barrel is carried out by squeezing out a liquid under high pressure through oblique holes in the piston and oblique holes in the body of the bullet when fired. The role of the obturator is performed by the liquid squeezed out into the cavity between the bullet body and the inner bore of the barrel, at the beginning of the bullet movement, then in the liquid-gas mixture, the obturation is also improved due to the high rotation speed when centrifugal force occurs in the liquid. The rotation of a bullet in a liquid and a liquid-gas mixture can significantly increase the rotation speed in the barrel bore, flight speed due to improved obturation, from a liquid under high pressure. Not touching the body of the bullet on the inner bore of the barrel is provided by ducts and grooves in the body of the bullet, which rotates at high speed. The absence of friction between the bullet body on the inner surface of the barrel bore significantly reduces barrel heating during firing and recoil. The high flight speed and bullet rotation speed improve the accuracy of hitting the target.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

FIG. 1 Scheme of a cartridge for firing a smooth-bore barrel:

1. Capsule igniter;

2. Barrel;

3. Sleeve;

4. Powder charge;

5. Plug;

6. Emphasis;

7. Piston holes;

8. Protective film of the piston;

9. Piston;

10. Ball lock;

11. Channel in the bullet body;

12. Protective film of the bullet body;

13. Bullet body;

14. Ring retainer;

15. Grooves in the bullet body;

16. The gap between the body of the bullet and the inner surface of the barrel;

17. Lead filler;

18. Steel core;

19. Oblique hole in the bullet body;

20. Liquid cavity of the bullet body;

21. Liquid cavity of the piston;

F1. The force arising from the combustion of gunpowder;

F2. The force arising from the mass of the bullet when fired;

FIG. 2 Fragment of a cartridge:

2. Barrel;

3. Sleeve;

4. Powder charge;

5. Plug;

6. Emphasis;

7. Piston holes;

8. Protective film of the piston;

9. Piston;

10. Ball lock;

11. Channel in the bullet body;

12. Protective film of the bullet body;

13. Bullet body;

14. Ring retainer;

15. Grooves in the bullet body;

16. The gap between the body of the bullet and the inner surface of the barrel;

17. Lead filler;

18. Steel core;

19. Oblique hole in the bullet body;

20. Liquid cavity of the bullet body;

21. Liquid cavity of the piston;

F1. The force arising from the combustion of gunpowder;

F2. The force arising from the mass of the bullet when fired;

FIG. 3 Section of the sleeve, the holes of the round body of the bullet piston:

3. Sleeve;

5. Plug;

7. Piston bore;

9. Piston;

22. Square piston body;

23. Round piston body;

24. Direction of rotation of the piston;

F piston 1. The movement of fluid when fired;

F piston 2. Component force when fired in the piston;

F piston 3 The force of rotation of the piston when fired;

FIG. 4 Section of the sleeve, the body of the square body of the bullet, the square body of the piston:

3. Sleeve;

11. Channel in the bullet body;

13. Bullet body;

22. Square piston body;

FIG. 5 Section of the sleeve, the protective film of the bullet body, the oblique hole in the bullet body, the liquid cavity of the bullet body;

3. Sleeve;

12. Protective film of the bullet body;

13. Bullet body;

19. Oblique hole in the bullet body;

20. Liquid cavity of the bullet body;

25. Direction of rotation of the bullet;

F bullets 1. The movement of liquid when fired in the oblique hole of the bullet;

F bullet 2. Component rotational force when fired in an oblique hole in the bullet body;

F bullet 3. The force of rotation of the bullet body when fired;

FIG. 6 Cross-section along the barrel, ports in the bullet body, lead filler, steel rod:

2. Barrel;

13. Bullet body;

15. Groove in the bullet body;

16. The gap between the body of the bullet and the inner surface of the barrel;

17. Lead filler;

18. Steel bar;

The work of a bullet cartridge for shooting from a smooth-bore barrel is as follows. Before installing the bullet into the sleeve 3, the liquid cavity of the piston 21 and the liquid cavity of the bullet body 20 is filled with liquid, which is held by the plug 5, the protective film of the piston 8 and the protective film of the bullet body 12. The liquid filling the piston cavity 21 and the liquid cavity of the bullet body 20 is carried out through the piston holes 7 through the channels in the bullet body 11 and is locked with a plug 5. The installed bullet in the sleeve 3 is fixed with an annular retainer 14, the piston 9, the round piston body 23 rests against the stop 6. After installing the bullet in the sleeve 3 and fixing it after a certain time, the protective film of the piston 8 and the protective film of the bullet body 12 dissolves in the liquid.

When igniting the primer-igniter 1 and the ignition of the powder charge 4, a force arises during the combustion of the powder F1 and the force from the mass of the bullet F2 directed towards the meeting. The resulting pressure in the liquid cavity 21 pushes the plugs 5 into the powder charge and burns. The liquid under high pressure passing through the holes of the piston 7, which are located at an angle to the bullet axis, create a rotational force of the piston F of the piston 3, the square part of the piston 22 enters the square part of the cylinder the body of the bullet 13 prevents the piston from rotating in the body of the bullet and gives rotation to the bullet. When the bullet leaves the sleeve 3, liquid under high pressure is pushed into the gap between the bullet body and the inner surface of the barrel 19 and acts as an obturator. The liquid is under pressure in the liquid cavity of the piston 21 in the channels of the bullet body 11, serves as an obturator.

The liquid squeezed out from the liquid cavity of the piston 21 and the liquid in the channels in the body of the bullet 11 under pressure and during the rotation of the bullet in the bore of the barrel 2 does not touch its inner wall. Further movement of the body of the bullet 13 along the bore of the barrel 2 is carried out in a liquid-gas mixture, at a high speed of rotation of the bullet, also without touching its walls due to centrifugal forces from the liquid-gas mixture. Before the bullet leaves the bore, the piston 9 is fixed in the bullet body 13 with a ball lock 10 to prevent a decrease in the weight and inertia of the bullet.

The liquid from the liquid cavity of the body of the bullet 20 by the piston 9 by its square piston body 22 is pressed under pressure along the oblique holes in the body of the bullet 19, squeezed out into the gap between the body of the bullet and the inner surface of the barrel and into the grooves of the body of the bullet 15 acts as an obturator. When the liquid moves along the oblique holes in the body of the bullet 19, the force F of the bullet 3 arises, which rotates the bullet in the bore.

As a result of the simultaneous squeezing of liquid from the cavity of the piston 21 and the cavity of the body 20, by the piston 9, into the gap between the body of the bullet and the inner surface of the barrel 16, a high speed of rotation of the bullet is carried out, the obturation resulting from this will not allow the propellant combustion gases to overtake the bullet in the barrel bore when fired , which will provide a high speed of the bullet. When the bullet moves in the barrel bore during the initial movement in the liquid and later in the liquid-gas mixture, friction, heating of the barrel during shots and recoil are significantly reduced.

Claims (1)

A bullet cartridge for shooting from a smooth-bore weapon, containing a sleeve, a primer-igniter, a propellant charge, characterized in that a bullet is placed in the sleeve, which has a cylindrical part of the bullet body, fixed with an annular retainer, which contains a piston consisting of a round part and a square part, where the square part of the piston is configured to enter the square hole of the cylindrical part of the bullet body to prevent rotation of the piston, which is configured to be fixed in the bullet body with a ball lock before the bullet exits the barrel bore, while in the circular part of the piston from the end side along the outer perimeter there are oblique holes at an angle to the bullet axis to give the bullet rotation, in which plugs are installed to prevent liquid from entering the cavity of the cartridge case, where the gunpowder is located, with the side wall of the bullet body, the front part of the piston and a protective film fixed on the bullet body and covering the oblique holes of the bullet body,the liquid cavity of the bullet is formed, and the liquid cavity of the piston is formed by the end part of the bullet body, the piston, a protective film fixed on the bullet body and the circular part of the piston, while the liquid cavities of the bullet and piston contain liquid, the liquid is retained in the liquid cavity of the piston and the liquid cavity of the bullet body a protective film of the piston fixed on the bullet body, the piston and plugs on the end side of the circular part of the piston, while oblique holes are made in the side wall of the cylindrical part of the bullet body, which have the ability to pass liquid from the liquid cavity of the bullet into the gap between the bullet body and the weapon barrel, when at the same time, grooves are made on the outer side of the cylindrical part of the bullet body with the possibility of passage through them of liquid from the liquid cavity of the bullet.

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