ES2745575A1 - ISOSTATIC PUNCH (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
ISOSTATIC PUNCH (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2745575A1 ES2745575A1 ES201830855A ES201830855A ES2745575A1 ES 2745575 A1 ES2745575 A1 ES 2745575A1 ES 201830855 A ES201830855 A ES 201830855A ES 201830855 A ES201830855 A ES 201830855A ES 2745575 A1 ES2745575 A1 ES 2745575A1
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- Prior art keywords
- punch
- rubber
- powder
- metal body
- presses
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCI NDESCRIPTION
PUNZÓN ISOSTÁTICOISOSTAT PUNCH
La presente invención describe un punzón superior para prensas de fabricación de piezas cerámicas, particularmente un punzón isostático cuya configuración permite obtener piezas sin los defectos que habitualmente presentan las piezas obtenidas mediante el prensado con punzones convencionales.The present invention describes an upper punch for presses for manufacturing ceramic pieces, particularly an isostatic punch whose configuration enables pieces to be obtained without the defects that pieces obtained by pressing with conventional punches usually have.
Estado de la técnicaState of the art
La fabricación de piezas cerámicas, particularmente de baldosas cerámicas, es habitual utilizar prensas, en las que se instala un molde. Dichos moldes están formados, entre otros elementos, por un marco o matriz que presenta un conjunto de cavidades o alveolos en los que se vierte el polvo a compactar, una parte superior que comprende, en concordancia geométrica con los alvéolos, un conjunto de punzones que penetran en los alveolos de la matriz y compactan el polvo dispuesto en ellos y una base que comprende un conjunto de punzones inferiores para la extracción de las piezas terminadas.The manufacture of ceramic pieces, particularly ceramic tiles, is usual to use presses, in which a mold is installed. Said molds are formed, among other elements, by a frame or matrix that has a set of cavities or alveoli in which the powder to be compacted is poured, an upper part that comprises, in geometric agreement with the alveoli, a set of punches that They penetrate the alveoli of the matrix and compact the powder disposed in them and a base that includes a set of lower punches for the extraction of the finished pieces.
Los punzones están firmemente unidos a un cuerpo móvil de la prensa en una de sus caras, o cara de anclaje, normalmente por medios magnéticos, y presentan en la cara opuesta a la de anclaje una cara de trabajo o punzonado. Normalmente se sitúan en la parte móvil superior de la prensa, pero la presente invención no está limitada a dicha opción.The punches are firmly attached to a mobile body of the press on one of its faces, or anchor face, usually by magnetic means, and have a working or punching face on the opposite side to the anchor face. They are normally located in the upper movable part of the press, but the present invention is not limited to this option.
Durante el prensado los punzones superiores penetran en los alveolos correspondientes de la matriz fijada rígidamente en la parte inferior del molde para compactar el material cerámico presente en la cavidad formada por el marco y el alveolo inferior.During pressing, the upper punches penetrate into the corresponding cavities of the die rigidly fixed in the lower part of the mold to compact the ceramic material present in the cavity formed by the frame and the lower cavity.
En muchas ocasiones, la distribución del polvo cerámico en los alveolos de la matriz no es homogénea, por lo que al compactar con un punzón superior rígido la presión producida por el punzón superior no será repartida por igual en todos los puntos del material cerámico presente en el alveolo, lo que produce diferentes densidades aparentes en la pieza, lo que provoca que las piezas obtenidas tras la cocción presenten defectos o imperfecciones de forma y superficiales que estropean el producto final. In many occasions, the distribution of the ceramic powder in the alveoli of the matrix is not homogeneous, so when compacting with a rigid upper punch, the pressure produced by the upper punch will not be distributed equally at all points of the ceramic material present in the alveolus, which produces different apparent densities in the piece, which causes the pieces obtained after firing to present defects or imperfections in shape and surface that spoil the final product.
Para evitar los problemas mencionados, existen los punzones isostáticos que permiten compensar la diferencia de presión entre las zonas con mayor o menor densidad de polvo, homogeneizar compactaciones, evitando así la aparición de defectos geométricos en la pieza.To avoid the aforementioned problems, there are isostatic punches that allow to compensate the pressure difference between the areas with greater or lesser powder density, homogenize compactions, thus avoiding the appearance of geometric defects in the piece.
Dichos punzones están formados una pieza metálica que tiene la forma del alvéolo, y que comprende un rebaje en la cara de trabajo o punzonado, de modo que forma una cámara cuando se superpone sobre ella una goma, estando dicha cámara rellena de aceite, de forma que la presión que realiza el punzón sobre la pieza se transmite y distribuye en todos los puntos por igual, ya que el aceite se desplaza dentro de la cámara formada en el punzón compensando la falta de homogeneidad en el polvo cerámico vertido en el alveolo.Said punches are formed of a metal part that has the shape of the socket, and that includes a recess on the working or punching face, so that it forms a chamber when a rubber is superimposed on it, said chamber being filled with oil, so that the pressure carried out by the punch on the piece is transmitted and distributed equally at all points, since the oil moves inside the chamber formed in the punch, compensating for the lack of homogeneity in the ceramic powder poured into the socket.
El problema que surge al utilizar este tipo de punzones es que la presión del aceite sobre la goma que se utiliza para recubrir el punzón genera en dicha goma pequeñas deformaciones temporales y también deformaciones permanentes que luego repercuten a su vez sobre la calidad de acabado de la pieza. Dichas irregularidades, más difíciles de observar a simple vista son totalmente visibles cuando la luz refleja en las piezas cerámicas, dando la impresión de que el acabado de estas no es liso ya que presenta imperfecciones, tales como huecos y ondulaciones.The problem that arises when using this type of punches is that the pressure of the oil on the rubber that is used to cover the punch generates in this rubber small temporary deformations and also permanent deformations that later have an impact on the quality of the finish of the piece. Said irregularities, more difficult to observe with the naked eye, are fully visible when the light reflects on the ceramic pieces, giving the impression that the finish of these is not smooth since it presents imperfections, such as hollows and undulations.
Para solucionar estos problemas, la presente invención proporciona un punzón isostático que soluciona el problema mencionado, mediante el cual se obtienen piezas cerámicas que no presentan los defectos de forma o superficiales de los punzones isostáticos convencionales.To solve these problems, the present invention provides an isostatic punch that solves the aforementioned problem, by means of which ceramic pieces are obtained that do not have the shape or surface defects of conventional isostatic punches.
Explicación de la invenciónExplanation of the invention
Usualmente, el material cerámico se distribuye sobre los alveolos mediante parrillas cuya funcion es distribuir el material cerámico de la forma más homogénea posible. Se han desarrollado parrillas con rascadores mediante las que se ha solucionado el problema de las irregularidades en la distribución de la tierra en el alvéolo. Las parrillas tienen la función de enrasar el polvo en el alvéolo. Sin embargo, con los punzones isostáticos descritos anteriormente, durante la fase de prensado se producen irregularidades de compactación, especialmente en las zonas periféricas del alvéolo, lo que resulta en irregularidades geométricas o deformaciones superficiales. Usually, the ceramic material is distributed over the alveoli through grills whose function is to distribute the ceramic material in the most homogeneous way possible. Grills with scrapers have been developed through which the problem of irregularities in the distribution of the earth in the alveolus has been solved. The grills have the function of flushing the powder into the socket. However, with the isostatic punches described above, compaction irregularities occur during the pressing phase, especially in the peripheral areas of the alveolus, resulting in geometric irregularities or surface deformations.
Por lo tanto, a la vista de los problemas mencionados anteriormente, la presente invención proporciona un punzón isostático para prensas de conformado de piezas cerámicas que soluciona los problemas de forma y superficiales mencionados.Therefore, in view of the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides an isostatic punch for ceramic part shaping presses that solves the mentioned shape and surface problems.
Así, el punzón isostático de la presente invención está formado por un cuerpo del punzón, usualmente metálico, con forma y tamaño coincidente con la pieza cerámica que se vaya a fabricar en cada caso, normalmente rectangular. Dicho cuerpo del punzón es macizo, y presenta en su cara de trabajo o punzonado una ranura circundante, situada a escasa distancia del perímetro de la cara del cuerpo del punzón, siendo normalmente dicha distancia no más de 20 mm, y preferentemente menos de 3 mm. En dicha ranura se dispone aceite o cualquier otro material adecuado, como un líquido incompresible o una goma blanda, por ejemplo, poliuretano Shore A 30 y se recubre la cara en la que se encuentra la ranura con un recubrimiento normalmente de goma, (cuando nos referimos a goma nos referimos a cualquier material con propiedades similares que pueda ser adecuado para este fin). Dicho recubrimiento de goma es de un espesor menor que el recubrimiento de goma de los punzones convencionales, por lo que las deformaciones en la goma son menores o no se producen. Dicho recubrimiento de goma se fija al punzón mediante un medio de fijación adecuado, como, por ejemplo, un adhesivo.Thus, the isostatic punch of the present invention is formed by a body of the punch, usually metallic, with a shape and size coincident with the ceramic piece to be manufactured in each case, normally rectangular. Said body of the punch is solid, and has on its working or punching face a surrounding groove, located a short distance from the perimeter of the face of the body of the punch, said distance normally being not more than 20 mm, and preferably less than 3 mm . Oil or any other suitable material, such as an incompressible liquid or a soft rubber, for example, Shore A 30 polyurethane, is placed in said slot and the face on which the slot is found is covered with a normally rubber coating, (when we refer to rubber we mean any material with similar properties that may be suitable for this purpose). Said rubber coating is of a smaller thickness than the rubber coating of conventional punches, so that deformations in the rubber are less or do not occur. Said rubber covering is fixed to the punch by a suitable fixing means, such as, for example, an adhesive.
Como en la parte central de la cara de trabajo del punzón la goma de recubrimiento está en contacto directo con el cuerpo metálico del punzón, no se producirán deformaciones en la goma que produzcan defectos superficiales en la pieza. Asimismo, como se ha explicado anteriormente, en el perímetro si que se produce una compensación de la presión ejercida por el punzón sobre el polvo, por lo que mediante la redistribución del material en la ranura perimetral se homogeneiza la densidad del polvo presente en dicho perímetro, evitando defectos en dicho perímetro que afectan a la forma de la pieza.As the coating rubber is in direct contact with the metal body of the punch in the central part of the work face of the punch, no deformation will occur in the rubber that will cause surface defects in the part. Also, as explained above, in the perimeter there is a compensation for the pressure exerted by the punch on the powder, so that by redistributing the material in the perimeter groove, the density of the powder present in said perimeter is homogenized. , avoiding defects in said perimeter that affect the shape of the piece.
Por lo tanto, con el punzón isostático de la presente invención se obtienen piezas que no presentan defectos de forma, y que además evitan las deformaciones superficiales provocadas por los punzones convencionales.Therefore, with the isostatic punch of the present invention, pieces are obtained that do not have defects in shape, and that also avoid surface deformations caused by conventional punches.
Como se ha comentado anteriormente, la goma puede sufrir deformaciones debido a la presión del aceite, y provocar que la pieza obtenida presente defectos superficiales como consecuencia de dichas deformaciones. No obstante, al tener la cámara de aceite que forma la ranura perimetral con el recubrimiento de goma una superficie y un volumen menor que en los punzones convencionales, estos efectos serán mas leves y, además, se producirán en la parte periférica de la pieza lo que hace que sean menos visibles o prácticamente inapreciables.As previously mentioned, the rubber can undergo deformations due to oil pressure, and cause the obtained part to have surface defects as a consequence of said deformations. However, since the oil chamber that forms the perimeter groove with the rubber coating has a smaller surface and volume than the punches Conventional, these effects will be milder and, in addition, they will occur in the peripheral part of the piece, which makes them less visible or practically negligible.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Con objeto de ilustrar la explicación que va a seguir, adjuntamos a la presente memoria descriptiva dos hojas de dibujos en las que en cuatro figuras se representa a título de ejemplo y sin carácter limitativo, la esencia de la presente invención conforme a una realización particular, y en las que:In order to illustrate the explanation that will follow, we attach to the present specification two sheets of drawings in which in four figures the essence of the present invention according to a particular embodiment is represented by way of example and without limitation, and in which:
La figura 1 muestra la base del punzón de material metálicoFigure 1 shows the base of the metal material punch
La figura 2 muestra el punzón conformado por el cuerpo metálico y el recubrimiento de goma del punzón.Figure 2 shows the punch formed by the metal body and the rubber coating of the punch.
La figura 3 muestra una sección transversal del punzónFigure 3 shows a cross section of the punch
En dichas figuras podemos ver los siguientes signos de referencia:In these figures we can see the following reference signs:
1 Cuerpo del punzón1 Punch body
2 Ranura perimetral2 Perimeter groove
3 Recubrimiento de goma3 Rubber coating
Descripción de los modos de realización preferentes de la invenciónDescription of the preferred embodiments of the invention
A la vista de las mencionadas figuras, y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, se puede observar en ellas un ejemplo de realización preferente de la invención, la cual comprende las partes y elementos que se indican y describen en detalle a continuación.In view of the aforementioned figures, and according to the numbering adopted, a preferred embodiment of the invention can be seen in them, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.
Así, tal y como se observa en las figuras 1 a 3, una posible realización preferente del punzón isostático que comprende esencialmente un cuerpo del punzón (1) metálico con forma de prisma cuadrangular, que presenta en una de sus caras laterales una ranura perimetral (2) en la que se introduce una cantidad de aceite; un recubrimiento de goma (3), siendo dicho recubrimiento menor de 10 mm de espesor, normalmente menor de 5 mm de espesor, y particularmente igual o menor de 1 mm de espesor. Este recubrimiento se fija a la cara del cuerpo del punzón (1) en la que se encuentra la ranura perimetral (2) mediante un adhesivo o cualquier otro medio adecuado para dicho fin; donde la ranura perimetral (2) y el recubrimiento de goma (3) forman una cámara de aceite que permite distribuir la presión sobre el material cerámico a compactar, especialmente en las zonas próximas a la periferia de la pieza.Thus, as seen in Figures 1 to 3, a possible preferred embodiment of the isostatic punch essentially comprising a body of the metal punch (1) in the shape of a prism quadrangular, which presents on one of its lateral faces a perimeter groove (2) in which a quantity of oil is introduced; a rubber coating (3), said coating being less than 10 mm thick, usually less than 5 mm thick, and particularly equal to or less than 1 mm thick. This coating is fixed to the face of the body of the punch (1) in which the perimeter groove (2) is located by means of an adhesive or any other suitable means for said purpose; where the perimeter groove (2) and the rubber coating (3) form an oil chamber that allows the pressure to be distributed on the ceramic material to be compacted, especially in the areas close to the periphery of the piece.
De acuerdo con el tamaño y forma de la pieza cerámica a fabricar, el grosor de dicha pieza, la presión de prensado, y el grosor del recubrimiento de goma, la ranura perimetral que determina la cámara de aceite podrá variar en su anchura y/o profundidad.Depending on the size and shape of the ceramic part to be manufactured, the thickness of said part, the pressing pressure, and the thickness of the rubber coating, the perimeter groove that determines the oil chamber may vary in width and / or depth.
De manera no preferente, conforme a la invención, el punzón puede estar provisto de dos o más ranuras concéntricas paralelas o no paralelas, y conectadas entre sí formando una cámara de aceite única, o no conectadas entre sí constituyendo cámaras de aceite independientes.Not preferably, according to the invention, the punch can be provided with two or more parallel or non-parallel concentric grooves, and connected to each other forming a single oil chamber, or not connected to each other constituting independent oil chambers.
Debe entenderse como "aceite" cualquier fluido adecuado capaz de distribuir la presión a lo largo de la cámara correspondiente. "Oil" should be understood as any suitable fluid capable of distributing the pressure along the corresponding chamber.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201830855A ES2745575A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | ISOSTATIC PUNCH (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201830855A ES2745575A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | ISOSTATIC PUNCH (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2745575A1 true ES2745575A1 (en) | 2020-03-02 |
Family
ID=69631283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201830855A Withdrawn ES2745575A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | ISOSTATIC PUNCH (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2745575A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES1025526U (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1994-01-01 | Marti Selma | Awl perfected compaction of clay, for coating parts and ceramic pavements (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| ES1027008U (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1994-07-01 | Selma Ana Maria Marti | Awl improved compaction of clay, for the manufacture of trim pieces and ceramic floors. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0759346A1 (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-26 | Carlo Antonio Camorani | Isostatic pressing means and relative manufacturing method |
| ES2097607T3 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1997-04-01 | Maris Algeri | ISOSTATIC MOLD, PARTICULARLY FOR CERAMIC TILES AND CORRESPONDING METHOD. |
| JP2000218605A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-08 | Inax Corp | Tile blank molding die |
| ES2371769T3 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2012-01-09 | Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa | APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR CONTROLLING COMPACTION THROUGH ISostatic MOLDS. |
| ES1193285U (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-10-13 | Moldes Especiales Plaza, S.L. | Hydraulic punzon for pressing ceramic pieces (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
-
2018
- 2018-08-30 ES ES201830855A patent/ES2745575A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2097607T3 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1997-04-01 | Maris Algeri | ISOSTATIC MOLD, PARTICULARLY FOR CERAMIC TILES AND CORRESPONDING METHOD. |
| ES1025526U (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1994-01-01 | Marti Selma | Awl perfected compaction of clay, for coating parts and ceramic pavements (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| ES1027008U (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1994-07-01 | Selma Ana Maria Marti | Awl improved compaction of clay, for the manufacture of trim pieces and ceramic floors. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0759346A1 (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-26 | Carlo Antonio Camorani | Isostatic pressing means and relative manufacturing method |
| JP2000218605A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-08 | Inax Corp | Tile blank molding die |
| ES2371769T3 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2012-01-09 | Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa | APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR CONTROLLING COMPACTION THROUGH ISostatic MOLDS. |
| ES1193285U (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-10-13 | Moldes Especiales Plaza, S.L. | Hydraulic punzon for pressing ceramic pieces (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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