ES2595117B1 - HEATING-ISSUING SYSTEM THAT SAVES ENERGY AND IMPROVES THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE OCCUPANTS OF BUILDINGS AND VEHICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

Heating-emitting system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and vehicles. # The patent proposes a new integrated heating-insulation system operating mainly based on direct radiating elements or absorber-emitters. The invention consists of a heating-emission-thermal insulation system formed by surfaces totally or partially covered with absorbent material and / or emitter of infrared radiation whose emission frequency corresponds to the body temperature of people or occupants of the rooms, buildings or enclosures

Description

HEATING-ISSUING SYSTEM THAT SAVES ENERGY AND IMPROVES THE THERMAL COMFORT OF OCCUPANTS OF BUILDINGS AND VEHICLES

SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE

The present invention is in the field of art corresponding to:

•

Thermal isolation. Thermal comfort

•

Edification. Building heating

•

Heating in transport vehicles: cars, boats, trains, airplanes.

•

Materials. Transparency of materials: refractive indexes.

•

Infrared radiation.

STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

1.-Heating systems

The heating systems used suffer from several problems: Very low yields, high pollution, high insulation losses, high installation costs, high gas or oil costs, electricity costs, etc.

Examples

1.-In the heating of water heated by combustion, the combustion process performance is very low, the losses on the road are very high and the radiators are located. If the radiators are located in spotlights, heat is distributed in the room while generating strong convective currents inside

2.-5i heat is distributed by radiant floors is intended to transmit heat by conduction. However, this method usually generates circulatory problems in the elderly or with circulatory problems apart from the loss problems mentioned in the previous paragraphs.

very high powers to compensate for insulation losses but

that powers of 1000 watts and even more are needed to achieve pleasant temperatures in relatively small rooms. This is due to the

high temperatures necessary for radiation to be effective with efficacy criteria. That is, you try to imitate Nature very inefficiently and

not very precise and with a very high energy expenditure.

Today the objectives of the sector focus on energy efficiency for

reduce energy consumption, however no problem is addressed more than

bottom: the heating system itself.

2. -Energy efficiency

The "energy efficiency"; It runs the fairs dedicated to the subject of air conditioning because technological advances appear that allow adapting the equipment and solutions to the current regulatory and market requirements in sustainability and that faithfully reflect the development lines of the sector. A set of products that present novelties in the control systems, in the use of new refrigerants linked to heating systems, the use of renewable energies or the design of global solutions,

among others, and represent the avant-garde line of sector R&D.

Examples:

1.-A communication platform between dynamic electricity rates and air conditioning control systems. It allows, therefore, to optimize the electricity consumption generated by the air conditioning equipment thanks to the integration of three key factors: the preferences of the user, the operation of the air conditioning system and the electricity rate that exists at that time.

2. -A two-way electronic control valve for application in hydraulic circuits, which independent of pressure, incorporates both ultrasonic and inductive magnetic principle measurement, as well as the flow and return temperature of the terminal unit a The one that controls. TO

From these measurements, it calculates the instantaneous power, the thermal jump and the 3.-An equipment for dehumidification and treatment (heating or cooling) of the air of an enclosure. It is a dehumidifying heat pump by means of a refrigeration circuit, with total recovery of condensation heat, specially designed for conventional indoor swimming pools and other dehumidification applications. It manages the introduction of renewal outside air and the recovery of the energy of the extraction air with a novel way of solving the recovery of the extraction air by means of a refrigeration circuit.

4.-A compact hybrid unit that combines the advantages of two very high efficiency thermal generation systems: a reversible heat pump and a condensing boiler fueled by natural gas. The system incorporates all the hydraulic and refrigeration elements necessary for its operation and a control system that guarantees the safety and optimum performance of the entire system in the different operating modes.

5. -A residential air conditioning system that uses the R32 ecological refrigerant, which improves the performance of current ones. It also combines design, comfort, efficiency, ecology and innovation. Its new fin design directs the air and manages to avoid direct currents to the user. The cold air is thrown upwards getting a better distribution of the air in the room. In case of heat operation, an additional fin is used that directs the air towards the ground to achieve a uniform heating of the room and avoid stratification of the air. In addition, the possibility of using the motion sensor is added, if activated it detects people and diverts the air flow to another area of the room. Finally, it is able to humidify in winter without the need to provide water.

6. -A new range of rooftops based on the use of aluminum profiles and panels in the air treatment section. All the elements are mounted on a common support that provides rigidity and compactness of the unit. It offers 5 flexibility, increases corrosion resistance and reduces total weight. The panels have a thermal resistance superior to the current ranges and guarantee a high quality of the indoor air, avoiding the contamination of the supply air with particles coming from the insulation. On the other hand, the refrigeration section is designed according to the EcoDesing 2017 standards, 10 to guarantee energy efficiency and classification. The Energy range is intended for applications that require precise regulation, high indoor air quality and a high level of comfort. It can cover the traditional applications of the rooftop (rooftop) market, such as large stores, restaurants, cinemas, etc. almost as for applications

15 industrial., Warehouses and assembly plants.

7.-Simultaneous hot water and air conditioning in a single system. This is the proposal of a hybrid system that combines hot water production by aerothermal and direct expansion air conditioning with recovery of

20 heat, which is reused for the free production of domestic hot water. Thus, the ambient heat can be used and with the hybrid system the recovery of heat in the internal circuit of the system is considered.

B.-New outdoor heat recovery units based on a system

25 with only two tubes, capable of recovering the excess heat of the units operating in cold mode and sending it to the units that demand heat, making possible greater energy efficiency

In summary: The acclimatization method is maintained within the same lines of work that it has had so far: maintaining the average temperature 30 to increase the comfort of the occupants of the buildings. Every day

OBJECTIVE OF THE PATENT

Propose a new integrated heating-insulation system, operating primarily based on direct radiating elements or absorber-emitters.

Description

1.-Heating-insulation system

1.1.-The invention consists of a heating-emission-thermal insulation system formed by surfaces totally or partially covered with absorbent material and / or emitter of infrared radiation whose emission frequency corresponds to the body temperature of people or beings occupying the rooms , buildings or enclosures.

1.2.-The heating-emission-insulation system includes absorbent and radiation-emitting surfaces and may be formed by sheets covering walls, floors or ceilings or other enclosures or facades of the building. You can also incorporate infrared reflective materials in the specified frequency range on certain occasions.

1.3.-The constituent materials of the heating and insulation system can be integrated into partitions, walls or other elements of the structure because they are incorporated into building materials such as mortars, plasters

or prefabricated building parts.

1.4.-The surfaces that collect and / or re-emit the radiation received from inside the room act in two non-exclusive ways

1.4.1.-as a thermal insulator when braking and preventing heat loss through the walls and / or enclosures to the outside

2.-System operation

2.1.-All or some of the emitting surfaces inside the building are heated by any means: electric, hot water, hot air, etc. until reaching a temperature approximately equal to the body temperature of the occupants of the room or vehicle.

2.2.-Said surfaces, heated to approximately 37 ° C, emit radiation to the environment that is absorbed by resonance by the occupants of the building and other absorbent surfaces of the enclosure or vehicle.

2.3.-The radiation received is partially re-emitted or reflected by the occupants and materials selected from other surfaces of the room or enclosure.

2.4.-The

radiation issued corresponds to long itudes from wave from 9.3-9.5

micrometers of the approximate 37 'C

calculated entity through the Law of

wien shift.

3.-New details added to the operation of the system

3.1.-The radiant surfaces can be thick but given their double collector-emitter paper they increase their efficiency by being placed in the form of superimposed layers and immersed in another thermal insulating material with the aim of curbing the heat losses to the outside and favoring its replacement. Ision inside the room where its occupants are located.

3.2.-Despite being very thermoconductive, in some cases metal surfaces (aluminum, tin) with high infrared reflective capacity may be useful.

4.-Selection criteria for the materials used

The materials from which the interior surfaces of the rooms or enclosures are made have been selected to absorb and / or emit the radiation of the emitting surfaces in resonance with the frequency corresponding to the body temperature of the people or beings occupying the room or building .

4.1.-The heating-emission-insulating system is applicable to buildings and air, marine or land vehicles.

4.2.-The heating-emission-insulating system is applicable in places occupied by people or pets or other animals in which case

the wavelength value may be corrected according to the temperature

of the occupants

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

1.-General advantages of the design:

1.1.-The wavelength resonance 9.3 -9.5 ~ m is used for people to the extent that the material used emits radiation at the frequency of absorption of their body. The same we say for animals correcting the value of body temperature.

1.2.-The thermal equilibrium within the room and the building is improved

1.3.-58 saves energy by needing less thermal energy to compensate for building losses and to enjoy a good thermal sensation even though the temperatures are lower than those currently used.

1.4.-Contributes to the reduction of currents within the room if

the emitted radiation is absorbed directly by people and heats up little

the air or furniture being its absorption peaks away from the body temperature of the occupants of the buildings.

1.5.-The new heating design is associated with the use of transparent clothing to infrared radiation of many textile materials typical of the costumes of much of the world's population

1.6.-Examples: The absorption peaks of different fibers (nylon 6.6, palia mida, silk, acrylic fiber, etc.) show that these fibers have a high transparency to infrared radiation corresponding to 37 ° C. See figures 1,2,3,4.

2.1.-Balance To the extent that within the room or building it is achieved that the

occupants receive by resonance the energy necessary to compensate for thermal losses, the occupants of the building will be relaxed and can reduce their metabolism to values closer to basal metabolism. In other words, less energy is needed to develop the vital process. This would be one of the objectives that the proposed invention can

achieve: energy saving and improvement of the occupant balance of the

enclosure.

2.2.-Energy It is intended that the radiation received from the environment not only

contribute to the balance of the person or animal but that its action is the most

effective possible to be directly assimilable by the organism. To do this, the

The most efficient way to achieve this is that the frequency of such radiation is in resonance with the frequency of body temperature (between 33 ° C for the person dressed in clothes partially opaque to the radiation of such frequencies up to 37 ° C for the person naked or with very transparent clothing at these frequencies). Therefore, instead of replenishing all the

dissipated power in the metabolism based on providing abundant heat in the form of average thermal radiation of about 20-25'C, you directly access the

organism via resonance. Again we insist on energy saving.

2.3.-Homogeneous distribution of energy based on a geometric location

suitable radiation emitting panels

Usually the distribution of temperatures inside the rooms is quite heterogeneous because the windows are usually cold and the same walls do not usually have the same temperature. In addition, radiators tend to function as very specific sources even when it is important that the energy arises from different and dispersed sources. For this reason the invention is completed if

energy dispersing surfaces are placed inside the enclosures of

so that they absorb and re-emit or simply reflect the radiation received or generated on the surface to the rest of the room but in resonance with the homogeneous one.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE INVENTION

1.-Limitations of the classic concept of comfort

The thermal comfort of the occupants of a building depends on various

variables Usually we talk about the sensation temperature that depends

from:

1.2.1.-heating and / or external energy collection systems

1.2.2.-thermal insulation of the walls

1.2.3. -windows 1.2.4.-humidity inside the enclosures

1.2.5.-convective currents inside the rooms

The classic solution proposes to achieve the state of comfort maintaining the thermal variables based on a lot of energy and a good thermal insulation.

2. -Theoretical basis: extension of the concept of comfort

You may feel hot or cold regardless of the ambient temperature.

Therefore, to the extent that this principle is applied efficiently,

They get great results. Data evaluation

1.1.-The frequency corresponding to body temperature is calculated

by the Stefan-Bollzmann Law of black body radiation or the Wien Displacement Law. According to the Wien Amagt Displacement Law; lt; . T = 2897, 6¡'17n. J (7 If the temperature is 3 JOC then T = 273.16 + 37 Y when replacing in the

previous expression you get the result A_max = 9.3IJm. that is, T = 273.16 + 32 the result is obtained ,, _ max = 9.5IJm. approximately.

Therefore the wavelength of the radiation referred to has values between 9.3 and 9.5 ~ m (number of waves 1075 cm-1 and 1053 cm-1).

In the case of warm-blooded animals housed on farms, we adhere to the temperature values mentioned in the introduction. For example, if it is stables that need winter heating we would take as data

starting the horse's body temperature T = 38 + 273.16 = 311 .16 from which the value of the wavelength A_max = 9.30 ~ m is deduced slightly below

human being that more accurately would be of the order of A_max = 9.34jJm. Without

However, in practice it is difficult to operate with the degree of precision of

theoretical calculations because even these values oscillate throughout the day.

Example: The cells of warm-blooded animals reach their maximum functional efficacy within a narrow temperature range. Body temperature is maintained in a range between a maximum and a minimum, which varies by species. For example, in the human species, the temperature is 37 oC, although the normal range is considered

is between 36, 4 and 37.2 'C. If the body temperature is excessive (fever) and goes

beyond the maximum indicated, cellular activity suffers, and the cells themselves may be injured; when it is too low (hypothermia) and if it goes beyond the minimum indicated, the metabolism rate of food decreases.

Warm-blooded animals have a body temperature that is usually higher than the temperature of the human being. For example, birds have

temperatures above 40'C and hens in particular reach 42 ° C. The normal temperature is 38.5 -39 'c for dogs and 38 -39.5

oC for cats. As in the case of the human being, the potency is evaluated taking into account its body surface and the temperature of that species.

Practical conclusion: The efficiency of the heating-insulation system

improves if the radiation emitted in the different rooms of the building is absorbed by the occupants in optimal conditions, that is, by resonance between the frequency of the radiation emitted by the emitting surfaces and the frequency

5 corresponding to their body temperature.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1.-Nylon IR spectrum 6,6 Figure 2.-IR spectrum of the polyamide Figure 3.-IR spectrum of silk

10 Figure 4.-IR spectrum of acrylic fiber

Figure 5.-Spectrum of emission and absorption of silica glass (molten quartz)

Figure 6.-Optical constants of silica glass from the extreme ultraviolet

to the infrared near room temperature (Reí Kitamura, Lauren

Pilon and Miroslaw Jonas; pilon@seas.ucla.edu (ID 85883), published November 15, 2007)

Figure 7.-Sodium phosphate glass absorption peaks in the infrared range

Figure B.-Sodium phosphate absorption spectrum in the infrared band.

The spectra of the figure have been placed from greater to lesser proportion of

20 sodium oxide to compare values by varying the proportion of sodium oxide.

In general, a peak in the range 850-1060 cm is observed that is of interest here for a proportion of the order of x = 0.30 and x = 0.40 of oxide of

sodium Figure 9.-Raman and infrared spectrum of phosphate glasses with iron oxide

25 (60P, Os -40Fe, 03) Figure 10.-Raman and infrared spectrum of borosilicate glasses Figure 11.-Infrared absorption spectrum of glass layers of

borosilicate that was heated to 1000 ° C Figure 13.-Absorption spectrum of metal and non-metal oxides in the form of normal-sized powder

Figure 14.-The figure shows an example of the IR spectrum of aluminum oxide nanoparticles

Figure 15.-The figure shows the absorption peaks of various metal oxides

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

SELECTION OF THE RIGHT MATERIALS

Experimental 1.-0at05: transparency and glass emissivity

1.1.-Absorption-emission spectrum of silica glass. See Figures 5 and 6.

-

7 Medium infrared frequencies up to approximately 8 11m.

Silica glass is transparent for wavelengths of 7 11m although for longer wavelengths it begins to lose transparency. That is, silica facilitates the entry of external radiation in the range of mid-infrared frequencies.

~ Transparency for mid-infrared frequencies from 8 ~ m to 10 ~ m approx.

Silica glass absorbs radiation in this frequency range. The maximum absorption is about 9¡tm -9.5¡.tm. In other words, it becomes a strong absorber of the radiation of the body temperature (approximately 37 ° C) or nearby, both that emitted by the people or animals of the room or enclosure and that emitted by the walls or coming from outside.

-

7Reflectance and emission at the absorption peak of silica (37 ° C) of the near infrared

For medium infrared frequencies from 8 l1m to approximately 10 l1m, the silica glass has a high reflectance, but its emission is also very high.

1.2.1.-Absorption-emission spectrum of phosphate glasses

Some types of phosphate glasses have the problem of being hygroscopic, so depending on the method of preparation and their composition, they can fit into the objectives of this report or be excluded. Review: The structure of simple phosphate glasses (Journal of Non-Crystalline

Solids 263 & 264 (2000) 1 ± 28). Examples 7 Infrared spectrum of sodium phosphate glasses In Figure 7 we can observe the absorption peaks of sodium phosphate glasses in the infrared band (Infrared spectra of sodium phosphate glases, YM Moustafa and K. EI-Egili, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 240 (1908) 144-153)

The spectra of the figure have been placed from higher to lower proportion of sodium oxide to compare values by varying the proportion of sodium oxide. In general, a peak in the range 850-1060 cm is observed that has an interest in

this memory for a proportion of the order of x = 0.30 and x = 0.40 oxide of

sodium. 7 Infrared spectrum of phosphate glasses contaminated with ferric oxide according to the attached graphics. (Structural properties of iron-phosphate

glasses: spectroscopic studies am dab initio simulations). Figure 9. 7 (Patent expired US 4847219 A, Novellead-iron phosphate glass):

The invention described and claimed relates to the addition of ferric oxide to lead phosphates that results in glasses of great durability and physical stability and consists essentially of glasses obtained by melting 40-66% PbO, 30-55 % P205 and an effective concentration of up to 12% ferric oxide.

Conclusion: Phosphate glasses with ferric oxide (60P, Os -40Fe, 0 3) with or

no additives are stable and their maximum absorption peak corresponds to the values required in the physical foundations of memory.

1.2.2.-Absorption-emission spectrum of borosilicate glasses. Figures 10 and

11 and 12.

The absorption peaks in the infrared band take values of the order of

1100 cm-1, however their values may be lower depending on the

treatments and method of preparation. They fit inside the materials

selected in memory.

s

2. Experimental data: transparency and emissivity of oxides of

metals and nonmetals in normal powder form

(Infrared spectra of various metal oxides in the region of 2 to 26 microns, Dean

W. Sheibley and Maurice H. Fowler, Lewis Res. Center) Figure 13

10

Peak absorption of metal oxides and semiconductors: oxide

arsenic, germanium oxide, iron oxides, molybdenum trioxide, oxide

magnesium, vanadium pentoxide, tungsten oxide, tellurium oxide, oxide

Silicon, selenium oxide, germanium dioxide and beryllium oxide have

fifteen

values that adapt to the demands of our memory. It is obvious that

some are very toxic but are not omitted because dissolved in others

materials may be appropriate to the objectives of this report and lose their

toxicity.

twenty

Added advantages of some of the iron oxides:

Be good dyes and acquire magnetic properties after being subjected to

adequate chemical-physical treatments. However, we must not forget that

there are sixteen varieties of iron oxides (wustite, magnetite, oxide

classical ferric, hematite, alpha phase hematite, beta phase hematite, phase hematite

2S

gamma, hematite epsilon phase, Fe (OH) 2 hydroxide, bernalite hydroxide, others

hydroxides: goethita, akaganeita, lepidocrocite, ferroxyhita, ferrihydrite, etc) which

we cite all of them as possible candidates to the extent that their peaks of

absorption adapt to the conditions required in this report.

3.-Experimental data on absorption spectra of nanoparticles of

30

metal oxides

3.1.Transparency and emissivity of metal oxides in the form of

nanoparticles. Large number of nano-particles of metal oxides

they have absorption peaks in the range of 250-1100 cm-1.

MgO, CoO, MnO, Nio, ZnO and Ti02 the spectrum is obtained

a spectrum of

infrared

that corresponds to the values required in is memory.

See figure 14.

3.2.-0etalle5 of the nanoparticle absorption spectra of some oxides Iron oxides, Zirconium, Ytrium, Europium, Magnesium, etc. (Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Oplical Properties and Interaction with Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants. Author: Wesley Odell Gordon).

Iron oxides appear repeatedly in the selected absorption spectra. Both these and magnesium oxides have the advantage of having a low price. In addition all these data are included as some oxides can be used as dopants to increase the intensity of the signals in Raman spectrometry. Figure 15

1,4-Experimental data: absorption spectra of normal-sized ceramic metal oxide powders

(Spectral Emissivity Measurement Using FTIR Spectrophotometry § S .... 'MADZU) Al. . d · l · d base

hlt; quot; IMeeinSlt; ienlt; e ceramlcos a e tltanatos and umlnatos can fit within the values selected here. However, there are such an amount of ceramics synthesized from different oxides and all their additives that would require a huge memory. For this reason we must adhere to a general rule: to the extent that the reactive oxides have absorption peaks of values appropriate to the requirements of the memory, the ceramic powder obtained is very likely to also adapt to the conditions required in the memory . Other types are found in pure calcium silicate and doped with other elements (Structure 01 Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH): Near-, Mid-, and FarInfrared Spectroscopy), The infrared spectrum confirms the similarity of the multi-phase structure. Main bands in the infrared are observed at 950-1100, 810-830, 660-670, and 440-450 cm-1.

1.5.-Experimental data: absorption spectra of ceramic metal oxide powders in the form of hand-held particles

Since the nanoparticles of ceramic materials are nanoparticles of

oxides that have reacted with each other to form the ceramic, its physical properties do not undergo major changes with respect to the normal ceramic powder, except in the case that its preparation method includes chemical treatments that

5 sharply alter their properties. For this reason, the selection criteria would be included in some of the values selected in the previous paragraphs.

Claims (16)

1.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves comfort thermal of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles characterized in that the interior surfaces of the rooms or enclosures are covered with materials suitable for emitting thermal radiation between 9.3 and 9.5 micrometers in resonance with the body temperature of the occupants of the enclosure or vehicle. 2. Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1 characterized in that the surfaces are heated by electrical means or any other means until reaching a temperature approximately equal to body temperature and emit radiation to the environment which in turn is absorbed and re-emitted by selected materials from surfaces. 3.-Heating-emitter-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claims 1 and 2, "characterized in that"; the materials that cover or form the radiating surfaces are selected according to resonance criteria between their own absorption frequencies in the infrared range and the resonance frequency corresponding to the body temperature of the beings that occupy the enclosures, rooms of the buildings or vehicles. 4.-Heating-emitter-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that; the absorption peaks in the infrared range of the materials that cover or form the radiating surfaces and selected according to resonance criteria between their own absorption frequencies with the resonance frequency corresponding to the body temperature of the human beings occupying the enclosures, has the approximate value of 9.3-9.5 micrometers. 5.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles Coating or forming radiant surfaces is formed by silica glasses, silica crystals, borosilicate glasses or crystals, glasses or crystals of borosilicates with iron oxides, glass or phosphate crystals. 6.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that quot; the materials that cover or form the radiant surfaces are formed by oxides of metals such as iron oxide, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide and  beryllium oxide 7.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that" the materials that cover or form The radiant surfaces are preferably formed by iron oxides. 8.-Heating-emitter-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that" the materials that they cover or form the radiant surfaces formed by silicon oxides, selenium oxide, germanium dioxide. 9.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves comfort thermal of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 "characterized in that"; The materials that cover or form the radiant surfaces are formed by nanoparticles of iron oxides, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, ytrium oxide, hafnium oxide, gadolinium oxide, zirconium oxide, europium oxide, oxide ytterbium. 10.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that" the materials that 11.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that" the materials that cover or form The radiant surfaces are formed by oxides in the form of ceramics. 12.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that" the materials that cover or form Radiant surfaces are formed by oxides in the form of ceramic materials such as metal titanates-aluminates or calcium silicates. 13.-Heating-emitter-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 ", characterized in that quot; The materials that cover or form the radiant surfaces are formed by oxides in the form of nanoparticles of ceramic materials based on metal titanates-aluminates. 14.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2, characterized in that the materials that cover the surfaces are formed by reflective metal surfaces of Infrared radiation in the range of 9.3-9.5 micro meters. 15.-Heating-emitting-insulating system that saves energy and improves the thermal comfort of the occupants of buildings and air, marine and land vehicles according to claim 1, 2 and 14 "characterized in that; The materials of the reflective metal surfaces are aluminum and tin and their alloys.