ES2581769T3 - Artificial grass for landscape and sports - Google Patents

Abstract

An artificial turf (10) adapted for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising: a mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) made of one or more natural and / or synthetic fibers, and hair yarn (41) introduced through of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20), the hair thread (41) being anchored to the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20), in which the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) has a density that decreases from the bottom to top of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Artificial grass for landscape and sports Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to surfaces that simulate natural grass and, more specifically, to artificial grass that mimics the effect of volume and density of natural grass, and to the manufacture of such grass.

Background of the invention

The artificial grass, also often called synthetic grass, is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass. It is very often used in sports applications. However, currently it is also being used in residential grass areas and landscape design. The artificial grass resists severe use and does not need to be watered or trimmed. Stages with dome, covered and partially covered may require artificial grass due to the difficulty of the grass getting enough sunlight to remain healthy. However, the artificial grass currently available still fails to provide the excellent shock absorbing properties of natural grass surfaces and also disappoints in terms of mimicking the volume effect of natural grass.

The artificial grass of the current generation is typically made from UV-enhanced polypropylene fiber or polyethylene fiber that is tufted into a woven synthetic main reinforcing element, which receives a secondary reinforcing element in the form of a lining or stratified on the opposite side of the front fibers, to give the lawn dimensional stability and to help the fiber bond.

When installed, in general, a layer of sand is provided to the front surface of the lawn (ie "blades" of grass) to increase water drainage and / or a layer of cryogenic rubber granules to help keep the tufts oriented more vertically and to provide shock absorption. The padding typically provides ballast and structure for the artificial grass, helping the fibers to resist and providing a "bolt" effect when walking over the grass. This protects the roots of the tuft fibers.

Currently, the artificial grass without padding refers to artificial grass models with small hair height, narrow gauge (distance between rows) and high sewing regime. The artificial grass that is used without such a filling is typically made from shorter and denser polyethylene fibers, which include even shorter curly fibers to keep the tufts that resemble blades of grass vertical. Some unfilled systems have a base layer, under the grass, to provide cushioning.

Due to an increasing number of residential and commercial applications of the artificial grass, artificial grass with improved properties is sought that is increasingly similar to natural grass, as illustrated in the following examples.

GB 1,154,842 discloses joined fibrous structures of raised tufts. A fibrous band of desired weight and structure is placed on top of another band of this type and the mounted fibrous structure is then punctured in a conventional single-bed needle loom. During the passage through the needle loom, the needles carry fibers from a fibrous band through the other fibrous band, such as the seat layer, and the penetration of the needles is controlled in order to ensure that the aligned fibers pass into through the seat layer and protrude, beyond its surface, like strands of fiber.

WO 2001/37657 A1 discloses a synthetic grass that drains vertically, filled with rubber. The vertically drained synthetic grass comprises a porous geotextile membrane located between an aggregate layer of open class and a layer of sand. The synthetic grass also includes a hair fabric comprising a plurality of hair elements inserted in strands in a woven or non-woven reinforcement element above the aggregate layer of open class. A filler layer consisting of elastic particles, preferably a mixture of high and low density rubber, is intermingled in the hair elements of the hair fabric. The reinforcing layer may be exclusively a nonwoven, in a single layer or in multiple layers. A suitable non-woven dimensionally stable material is a nonwoven, spinning, polyester / nylon blend.

WO 2012/125513 A1 discloses a synthetic ground cover system for erosion control to be placed on top of the terrain, which includes a synthetic grass comprising a material composed of one or more geotextiles tufted with strands synthetic threads. The synthetic ground cover also includes a sand / earth fill ballast applied to the synthetic grass and a binder applied to the sand / earth fill to stabilize the sand / earth fill against high-speed water shear forces. The system includes a synthetic grass that has a reinforcement element and blades of synthetic grass secured to the reinforcement element. The blades of synthetic grass are tufted into the substrate or reinforcing element comprising a synthetic woven or nonwoven fabric. The reinforcing element may be a single layer reinforcing element or it may be a multilayer reinforcing element, as desired. A filter can be secured to the substrate

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to reinforce the latter and better secure the blades of synthetic grass. Preferably, said at least one filter cloth can also comprise synthetic nonwoven fabric.

As more artificial grass and less natural grass are used to cover the ground in an increasing number of applications, it is increasingly important to provide artificial grass that is ecologically convenient.

Summary of the invention

From the above, it can be seen that there is a need for artificial grass that closely resembles natural grass.

The present invention seeks to provide artificial grass for landscape and sports applications that imitates much more the root zone, the effect of volume and the density of natural grass and that has improved wear and drainage properties.

An advantage of the embodiments of the present invention is that it provides the artificial grass with a mechanically bonded layer of fibers that functions as the root zone of the natural grass that helps the hair strand of the strands to resist and protects the points of bending of the tufts so that the application of a filling can be eliminated. The mechanically bonded layer of fibers allows the movement of the fiber so that the surface compaction will be greatly reduced, as well as its hardening.

Another advantage of the embodiments of the present invention is that the artificial grass can be made from materials that are completely recyclable, thereby reducing the amount of waste currently to be disposed of in landfills.

Yet another advantage of the embodiments of the present invention is to allow surface water to drain easily, in all directions, to the ground below the artificial grass installed.

Yet another advantage of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide the artificial grass with a mechanically bonded layer of fibers to compensate for non-uniform / rocky soils.

Yet another advantage of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide the artificial grass with a mechanically bonded layer of fibers that have shock absorbing properties and, thus, contribute to a more natural sensation of the artificial grass.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an artificial grass adapted for use in landscape and sports applications comprises a mechanically bonded layer of fibers made of one or more natural and / or synthetic fibers. Hair yarn is introduced through the mechanically bonded layer of fibers, the hair strand being anchored to the mechanically bonded layer of fibers. The mechanically bonded fiber layer has a density that decreases from the bottom to the top of the mechanically bonded fiber layer.

By providing a mechanically bonded layer of fibers formed as a non-woven mat, surface water can easily drain to the ground below the artificial grass once installed. As a consequence, the artificial grass according to the advantageous embodiments of the present invention dries quickly, provided there is subsoil drainage. Using a mixture of natural fibers and, therefore, moisture absorbers and synthetic fibers, the water retention capacity of the artificial grass can be improved compared to the products known from the prior art.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a decrease in density is presented at a constant rate. As a consequence, the layer provides structural support for the tufts and shock absorption to contribute to a more natural sensation of the artificial grass.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer includes a lower layer and an upper layer, the lower layer being located at the bottom of the mechanically bonded fiber layer and the upper layer being located at the part above the lower layer, and the upper layer having a thickness of fiber greater than the lower layer.

The terms "upper" and "upper part", on the one hand, and "lower" and "lower part", on the other hand, are used herein to designate sides or portions of the artificial grass with reference to their relative positioning when the lawn is deployed for normal use on a ground surface. Thus, "top" and "top" refer to portions on or near the side from which the free ends of the tufts protrude; and "bottom" and "bottom" refer to portions on or near the opposite side.

This embodiment also provides structural support for the tufts and shock absorption to contribute to a natural sensation of the artificial grass, while allowing an efficient manufacturing process to start from two homogenous nonwoven mats having different fiber thickness.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the bottom layer provides structural support for the hair yarn.

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According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the upper layer acts as a shock absorbing layer and contributes to a natural sensation of the artificial grass.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the lower layer is formed of fibers that are more flexible and constitute a denser structure than the fibers that form the upper layer, the fibers of the lower layer having a linear mass density less than fibers that form the upper layer.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fibers of the lower layer have a linear mass density in the range of about 3.3 dtex to about 110 dtex.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fibers of the upper layer have a linear mass density in the range of about 11 dtex to about 600 dtex.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the upper layer is thicker and has a fiber thickness greater than the lower layer.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, weft yarn is created on the upper surface of the upper layer by means of felting type perforation, the weft yarn giving the upper surface of the upper layer an appearance similar to the plush, imitating by this is the root zone of natural grass, providing cushioning and helping the strands of hair to resist. By means of the boring of the plush type of the upper surface of the upper layer, an attached structure is provided that provides cushioning. Since the weft yarn helps the hair yarn to resist, with the artificial grass according to the advantageous embodiments of the present invention no filling is needed, as is often used in the prior art known.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer is manufactured as a single fabric or as two independent fabrics that are bonded together.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded layer of fibers is formed by perforation.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer consists of up to eight different types of fibers.

According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer, the hair thread and a reinforcing element that anchors the hair thread to the mechanically bonded fiber layer are made of ecologically convenient materials that are 100% recyclable, Being mechanically removable. In addition, it is advantageous to choose a homogeneous polymers composition so that all the elements of the inventive artificial grass support the recyclable character.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing artificial grass for use in landscape and sports applications comprises the steps of:

forming a mechanically bonded layer of fibers having a density that decreases from the bottom to the top of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers; create a weft yarn that extends from the upper surface of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers by means of a hole of the felpilla type, thereby giving the upper surface of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers a feline-like appearance; introduce hair yarn through the mechanically bonded fiber layer; and anchor the hair thread on the back side of the mechanically bonded fiber layer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing artificial grass for use in landscape and sports applications comprises the steps of: forming a bottom layer from a plurality of natural and / or synthetic fibers; forming a perforated upper layer from a plurality of natural and / or synthetic fibers having a linear mass density greater than the fibers of the lower layer, the upper layer having a less dense structure than the lower layer; placing the top layer on top of the bottom layer to form a mechanically bonded layer of fibers; create weft yarn on the upper surface of the upper layer by means of a boring of the plush type, thereby giving the upper surface of the upper layer an appearance similar to the plush; introduce hair yarn through the mechanically bonded fiber layer; and anchor the hair thread on the back side of the mechanically bonded fiber layer.

Brief description of the drawings

The foregoing and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. This description is provided as an example only, without limiting the scope of the invention. The reference figures mentioned in the following refer to the attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the artificial grass according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; Y

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Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the artificial grass according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto, but only by the claims. Any reference sign in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope. The drawings described are only schematic and are not limiting. In the drawings, for illustrative purposes, the size of some of the elements may have been exaggerated and not drawn to scale.

In case the term "comprising" is used in the present description and claims, it does not exclude other elements or steps. In case an indefinite or defined article is used when referring to a singular noun, p. ex. "Un" or "one", "el", this includes the plural of that noun unless otherwise specifically indicated.

The reference throughout this specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular property, structure or feature described in relation to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but can do so. In addition, the particular properties, structures or features may be combined in any suitable manner, as is apparent to the person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that, in the description of the embodiments by way of example of the invention, various properties of the invention are grouped, sometimes, in a single embodiment, figure or description thereof in order to rationalize the dissemination and help to understand one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, should not be construed as reflecting the intention that the claimed invention requires more properties than those expressly listed in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the inventive aspects are found in less than in all the properties of a single embodiment disclosed above. Thus, the claims that follow the detailed description are expressly incorporated by this document in this detailed description, each claim being supported on its own as an independent embodiment of this invention.

Furthermore, although some embodiments described herein include some properties, but not others, included in other embodiments, combinations of properties of different embodiments are assumed to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as the experts understand. in the matter. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments in any combination can be used.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that the embodiments of the invention can be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, well-known structures, techniques and methods have not been shown in detail so as not to hinder the understanding of this description.

The following terms or definitions are provided exclusively to help understand the invention.

The expression "back side" is used herein to indicate the side of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers that faces in the opposite direction to which the free edges of the tufts protrude.

As used herein, the term "fiber thickness" is defined as weight per fiber length and is usually expressed in units of mg / m or g / m. The fiber thickness depends on the diameter of the fiber, the wall thickness of the cell, the wall density of the cell and the cross section of the fiber. A high thickness value indicates a thick wall of fiber, making the nipped fibers unable to crush. Thin-walled fibers with low thickness value provide flexible fibers and a denser structure. The thicker the fibers, the stronger they will be.

As used herein, the term "tex" refers to a unit of measurement for the linear mass density of the fibers and is defined as the mass in grams per 1,000 meters. The most commonly used unit is decitex, abbreviated dtex, which is the mass in grams per 10,000 meters. When measuring objects consisting of multiple fibers, the expression "filament tex" is sometimes used, referring to the mass in grams per 1,000 meters of a single filament.

As used herein, the term "tuft insertion" refers to a type of textile process in which a thread is inserted into a support base. The inserted tufted carpets are manufactured by introducing tufts (a short group of elongated strands of thread fixed at the base) through a reinforcement fabric, creating a surface with hairs of cut and / or loop ends.

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As used herein, the term "filament" refers to a single continuous strand of natural or synthetic fiber.

As used herein, the term "thread" refers to a continuous strand of twisted or untwisted threads of natural or synthetic material.

As used herein, the term "hair" refers to the visible surface (wear surface) of the carpet consisting of vertical ends of yarn or strands of yarn in a loop and / or cut configuration. It is sometimes called "face" or "lanilla surface".

As used herein, the expression "reinforcing element" refers to a substrate applied to the back of the carpet to increase dimensional stability and improve the anchoring of the hair thread.

As used herein, the term "nonwoven" refers to technically designed fabric (sheet or web structure) joined together by interlacing fibers mechanically, thermally or chemically.

As used herein, the term "bobbing" refers to a mechanical process that involves thousands of needles that orient and interlock fibers to create nonwoven fabric.

Referring to Figure 1, the schematic cross section of an artificial grass 10 is illustrated in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The artificial grass 10 includes a mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20, a reinforcing element 30 and a plurality of tufts 40.

The mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is formed as a non-woven mat made of one or more natural and / or synthetic fibers or threads. The mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 serves as a support for the tufts 40.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 may be a single layer containing a mixture of fibers. According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the fibers that form the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20 may increase from the bottom to the top of the layer 20. For example, the thickness may gradually increase regimen constant.

Alternatively, as illustrated in Figure 2, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 can visually include two or more layers, such as a structural layer 21 and a volume simulation layer 22. The structural layer 21 is located in the part of below the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20, facing the hairline 41 in the opposite direction. The volume simulation layer 22 is located at the top of the structural layer 21 facing the hairline 41. In case of multiple fiber layers, the mechanically bonded fiber layer is divided into multiple functionalities, such as, for example, structural improvements (layer 21) and volume simulation (layer 22).

The mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 can be manufactured as a single fabric or as two independent fabrics that are bonded together According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is formed by punching. During this method of mechanical bonding, the fibers are transported with felting needles and interlocked in the nonwoven structure. This procedure increases the friction between the fibers, which reinforces the nonwoven fabric. To differentiate the structure of the nonwoven fabric, the band can also be structured using special machines equipped with structuring forks or crown needles. The surface can be structured like a plush or a nerve, or with geometric or linear patterns. Boring is an ecologically convenient technology, since it allows the use of recycled material, including that from bottles of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and regenerated fibers from clothing, as well as natural fibers. It may be possible to use other technologies to form nonwoven fabrics in order to obtain the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20.

The mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 can consist of up to eight different types of fibers. Each of the fibers can have a different color, if desired. The types of fibers may include moisture absorbent fibers, such as coconut, cotton, jute, wool, rayon or other natural or synthetic fibers. The types of fibers may also include synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PES), or a combination thereof. The fibers can be treated, for example, with anti-algae product, with herbicide, with UV stabilizer, or be anti-static. The fibers may be molten fibers. The fibers may also include, among others, mineral-based fibers, animal-based fibers or plant-based fibers.

If the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is formed as a single layer, as shown in Figure 1, a mixture of relatively thin-walled fibers that are flexible and form a relatively dense structure and, thus, with a combination is used relatively low thickness value and relatively thick wall fibers that are nested and form a relatively dispersed structure and, thus, with a relatively low thickness value. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the density of the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 may gradually decrease from the bottom to the top of the layer 20. Consequently, the thickness of the fibers will gradually increase from the bottom part to the top part of the layer 20. Thus designing the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20, structural support is provided for the tufts 40 and protection for

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the bending points 42 of said tufts 40, as well as a shock absorption to contribute to a more natural sensation of the artificial grass 10.

If, according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is formed as a single layer, as shown in Figure 2, the structural layer 21 is formed of relatively thin-walled fibers that are flexible and form a relatively dense structure. Consequently, fibers with relatively low linear mass density (dtex value) are selected for the structural layer 21. The structural layer 21 is used to anchor the locks 40. The structural layer 21 provides dimensional stability to the artificial grass 10 and protection for the bending points 42 of the tufts 40. The fibers of the structural layer 21 preferably have a linear mass density in the range of about 3.3 dtex to about 110 dtex, and more preferably about 11 dtex.

The volume simulation layer 22 is formed of fibers having a linear mass density greater than the fibers of the structural layer 21. The fibers of the volume simulation layer 22 preferably have a linear mass density in the range of approximately 11 dtex to about 600 dtex, and more preferably about 110 dtex. Therefore, the volume simulation layer 22 also has a fiber thickness (weight per fiber length) greater than the structural layer 21. A high value of the thickness indicates a thick fiber wall, making the nibble fibers unable to crush Therefore, the volume simulation layer 22 of the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is thicker and more sufficient than the structural layer 21. The fibers with a higher dtex value are selected for the volume simulation layer 22 of so that the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 can act as a shock absorbing layer and contribute to a natural sensation of the artificial grass 10.

In addition, the fibers of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20 can be given a felting effect by punching to mimic the volume effect of the root zone of the natural grass. Due to the mechanical punching process, the fiber is pushed out of the upper surface of the layer 20. Punch-type nonwoven material can be produced by placing a nonwoven material on a sewing base similar to a brush and piercing the material Non-woven on this sewing base. Since with this method the fibers that the needles grip are punched into the bristles or lamellae of the sewing base of said needles, the non-woven material thus punctured is given an appearance similar to the plush, in which the fibers protrude above the surface.

By felting type of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20, weft yarn 23 is created. The weft yarn 23 is punched out of the nonwoven fibrous mat of the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20, creating a root zone similar to natural grass. The weft yarn 23 gives the upper surface of the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 (facing the hair yarn 41) an attached appearance and provides cushioning. The weft thread 23 also helps the hair thread 41 of the strands 40 to resist. Thus, with the artificial grass 10 according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention no filling is needed, as is often used with the artificial grass of the prior art.

The strands of the hair thread 41 form each strand 40. A strand 40 is a short group of elongated strands of hair strand 41 fixed at the base, at the point of bending 42. The strands 40 are introduced through the bonded layer. mechanically of fibers 20. The insertion of tufts is usually achieved by introducing alternating needles threaded with hair thread 41 into the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20 to form strands 40 of thread. The loop or hook formers, which typically work in synchronized relationship with the needles, are positioned such that said loop formers are located just above the needle eye when the needles are at an extreme point in their stroke through the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20. When the needles reach that point, the hair thread 41 is collected from said needles by means of the loop-makers and held briefly. Loops or strands of yarn 40 result from the passage of needles through the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20. This process is typically repeated as the loops move away from the loop formers due to the advance of the reinforcing element. through the punching apparatus. Subsequently, the loops can be cut to form a cut hair, for example, using a combination of loop and blade formers, in the tuft insertion process, to cut the loops.

The hair thread 41 may consist of up to four different types of threads. Each thread can have a different color, if desired. The hair thread 41 may be a monofilament, a tape or a combination thereof. Hair yarn 41 preferably has a linear mass density of about 400 dtex to about 3,000 dtex and, more preferably, about 1,600 dtex. The number of strands of hair thread 41 in a lock 40 is between 2 and 10, and preferably 6. The size between strands (distance between rows) is between 1/2 "and 1/16", and typically 3/8 " or 3/16 ”or 1/8”. The sewing regime of the tuft insert is between 8/10 cm and 30/10 cm, and preferably 12/10 cm.

According to the preferred embodiments of the invention and as shown in Figure 2, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 can have a height H3 of about 3 mm to about 15 mm, and more preferably about 8 mm. The weft thread 23 can extend from the upper surface of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20 a height H2 of about 1 mm to about 20 mm, and more preferably about 10 mm. The hair strands 41 can be extended from the thread of

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frame 23 of about 1 mm to about 20 mm, and more preferably 10 mm (height H1). The total height H4 of the artificial grass 10 may be from about 10 mm to about 60 mm, and more preferably about 28 mm.

The reinforcing element 30 is applied to the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 as a final finishing step to improve the anchoring of the tufts to the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20. In accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the element Reinforcement 30 may be a coated reinforcing element such as, for example, a polyethylene (PE) reinforcing element which is applied by powder or hot melt coating. The reinforcing element 30 may also be a calendered reinforcing element or a latex reinforcing element.

In the finishing operation, the back side or the sewn surface of the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 is coated with an adhesive, such as a natural or synthetic rubber or resin or emulsion latex or a powder or hot melt adhesive, to improve the blocking or anchoring of the tufts 40 to the mechanically bonded layer of fibers 20. The use thereof improves the dimensional stability of the grass 10 of inserted tufts, resulting in a more durable lawn. Additional stabilization in the finishing operation can be provided by laminating, for example, a thermoplastic film or a woven or non-woven fabric made from polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymers of ethylene-propylene or natural fibers such as jute, to the layer mechanically bonded with 20 fibers of inserted tufts.

The adhesive bonds the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20 to the reinforcing element 30.

To provide an ecologically suitable artificial grass 10 in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mechanically bonded fiber layer 20, the tufts 40 and the reinforcing element 30 may all be made of materials that are recyclable, such as , for example, 100% polyolefin.

Other arrangements for achieving the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that, although preferred embodiments, specific constructions and configurations, as well as materials, have been described herein for the devices according to the present invention, various changes or modifications can be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of this invention.

Claims (15)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. An artificial grass (10) adapted for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising: a mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) made of one or more natural and / or synthetic fibers, and hair thread (41) introduced through the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20), the hair thread (41) being anchored to the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20), wherein the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) has a density that decreases from the bottom to the top of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20). 2. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 1, wherein weft yarn (23) is created, which extends from the upper surface of the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20), by means of felting type punching, giving the weft yarn (23) to the upper surface of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) looks like a plush, thereby providing structural support for the hair yarn (41) by helping said hair yarn (41 ) to resist, mimicking the root zone of natural grass and providing cushioning. 3. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 1, wherein the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) includes a lower layer (21) and an upper layer (22), the lower layer (21) being located in the bottom of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) and the top layer (22) being located at the top of the bottom layer (21), and the top layer (22) having a fiber thickness greater than the lower layer (21). 4. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 3, wherein the bottom layer (21) is a structural layer that is used to anchor the hair thread (41) and that provides dimensional stability. 5. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 3, wherein the upper layer (22) is a volume simulation layer that acts as a shock absorbing layer and contributes to a natural sensation of the artificial grass (10) . The artificial grass (10) according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the lower layer (21) is formed by fibers that are more flexible and constitute a denser structure than the fibers that form the upper layer (22 ), the fibers of the lower layer (21) having a linear mass density lower than the fibers that form the upper layer (22). 7. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 6, wherein the fibers of the lower layer (21) have a Linear mass density in the range of about 3.3 dtex to about 110 dtex. 8. The artificial grass (10) according to claim 6, wherein the fibers of the upper layer (22) have a Linear mass density in the range of about 11 dtex to about 600 dtex. 9. The artificial grass (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) is made as a single fabric or as two independent fabrics that are joined together 10. The artificial grass (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) is formed by perforation. 11. The artificial grass (10) according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the bonded layer Mechanically fiber (20) consists of up to eight different types of fibers. 12. The artificial grass (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the bonded layer mechanically of fibers (20), the hair thread (41) and a reinforcing element (30) that improves the anchoring of the hair thread (41) to the mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20) are made of ecologically convenient materials that They are 100% recyclable, being mechanically removable. 13. The artificial grass (10) according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the bonded layer Mechanically of fibers (20), the hair thread (41) and the reinforcing element (30) are made of 100% polyolefin. 14. A method for manufacturing artificial grass (10) for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising the steps of: forming a mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) having a density that decreases from the bottom to the top of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20); create weft yarn (23) that extends from the upper surface of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) by means of a felting type hole, thereby giving the upper surface of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20) a similar appearance to the plush; introducing hair thread (41) through the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20); Y anchor the hair thread (41) on the back side of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20). 15. A method for manufacturing artificial grass (10) for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising the steps of: forming a bottom layer (21) from a plurality of natural and / or synthetic fibers; 5 forming a perforated upper layer (22) from a plurality of natural and / or synthetic fibers having a linear mass density greater than the fibers of the lower layer (21), the upper layer (22) having a structure less dense than the bottom layer (21); placing the upper layer (22) on top of the lower layer (21) to form a mechanically bonded layer of fibers (20); 10 create weft yarn (23) that extends from the upper surface of the upper layer (22) by means of boring of the plush type, thereby giving the upper surface of the upper layer (22) an appearance similar to the plush; introducing hair thread (41) through the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20); Y anchor the hair thread (41) on the back side of the mechanically bonded fiber layer (20).