ES2377496T3 - Aparato quirúrgico de grapado con un mecanismo de bloqueo - Google Patents
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Abstract
Aparato quirúrgico (10) que comprende: un conjunto de mango (12); un cuerpo alargado (14) que presenta unos extremos proximal y distal y que se extiende distalmente a partir del conjunto de mango (12) para definir un eje longitudinal, presentando el cuerpo alargado (14) un elemento de accionamiento (52) que se extiende a su través; y una unidad de carga (16) soportada de manera liberable adyacente a un extremo distal del cuerpo alargado, incluyendo la unidad de carga: un conjunto de cartucho de grapas (18) que presenta unas grapas quirúrgicas; un conjunto de accionamiento (212) dispuesto para el movimiento longitudinal con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas (18) para facilitar la eyección de las grapas quirúrgicas del mismo; y caracterizado porque la unidad de carga comprende además: un mecanismo de bloqueo (300) configurado y dimensionado para el desengranaje selectivo del conjunto de accionamiento para permitir su movimiento, pudiendo el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) reposicionarse entre una primera posición, en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) se encuentra engranado con el conjunto de accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16) para inhibir su movimiento, y una segunda posición, en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) permite el movimiento del conjunto de accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16), incluyendo el mecanismo de bloqueo una palanca (302) con unos primer (306) y segundo (304) extremos y un punto de pivote (308) entre los primer y segundo extremos (306, 304) .
Description
Aparato quirúrgico de grapado con mecanismo de bloqueo.
Antecedentes
- 1.
- Campo técnico
La presente descripción se refiere a un aparato quirúrgico, por ejemplo, a un aparato quirúrgico de grapado. Más particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a un aparato quirúrgico de grapado endoscópico que incluye un mecanismo de bloqueo que incluye un elemento de bloqueo para retener el conjunto de accionamiento de una unidad de carga, por ejemplo una unidad de carga de un solo uso (“SULU”) o una unidad de carga desechable (“DLU”), en una posición axial sustancialmente fija hasta que la SULU o la DLU se ha cargado con un aparato quirúrgico de grapado o asegurado al mismo, para asegurar un acoplamiento apropiado o completo de la SULU o la DLU, especialmente de su conjunto de accionamiento, al aparato quirúrgico de grapado. Por motivos de simplicidad, en adelante SULU o DLU se designarán como “DLU”, pero deberá entenderse que este término incluye una u otra de ellas o tanto una DLU como una SULU.
- 2.
- Antecedentes de la técnica relacionada
Los dispositivos quirúrgicos en los que primero se agarra o se sujeta tejido entre una estructura de mordazas opuestas y, a continuación, se une dicho tejido con sujetadores quirúrgicos son bien conocidos en la técnica. En algunos instrumentos, se proporciona un bisturí para cortar el tejido que se ha unido por los sujetadores. Los sujetadores tienen típicamente la forma de grapas quirúrgicas, pero pueden utilizarse también sujetadores poliméricos de dos partes.
Los instrumentos para esta finalidad pueden incluir dos elementos de mordaza alargados que se utilizan respectivamente para capturar o sujetar tejido. Típicamente, uno de los elementos de mordaza lleva un cartucho de grapas que aloja una pluralidad de grapas dispuestas en al menos dos filas laterales, mientras que el otro elemento de mordaza tiene un yunque que define una superficie para conformar las patillas de las grapas cuando estas grapas son expulsadas del cartucho de grapas. Generalmente, la operación de grapado es efectuada por elementos de leva que se desplazan longitudinalmente a través del cartucho de grapas, actuando los elementos de leva sobre empujadores de grapas para eyectar secuencialmente las grapas desde el cartucho de grapas. Un bisturí puede desplazarse entre las filas de grapas para cortar y/o abrir longitudinalmente el tejido grapado entre las filas de grapas. Dichos instrumentos se describen, por ejemplo, en las patentes US nº 3.079.606 y US nº 3.490.675.
Una grapadora posterior descrita en la patente US nº 3.499.591 aplica también una doble fila de grapas en cada lado de la incisión. Esta patente describe una grapadora quirúrgica que tiene una unidad de carga desechable en la que un elemento de leva se mueve a través de una trayectoria de guía alargada entre dos conjuntos de surcos portagrapas escalonados. Unos elementos de accionamiento de grapas están localizados dentro de los surcos y están posicionados de tal manera que sean contactados por el elemento de leva que se mueve longitudinalmente para efectuar la eyección de las grapas desde el cartucho de grapas de la unidad de carga desechable. Otros ejemplos de dichas grapadoras se describen en las patentes US nº 4.429.695 y nº 5.065.929.
Cada uno de los instrumentos descritos anteriormente está diseñado para uso en intervenciones quirúrgicas convencionales en las que los cirujanos tienen acceso manual directo al sitio operatorio. Sin embargo, en intervenciones endoscópicas o laparoscópicas la cirugía se realiza a través de una pequeña incisión o a través de una estrecha cánula insertada a través de pequeñas heridas de entrada en la piel. Con el fin de abordar las necesidades específicas de las intervenciones quirúrgicas endoscópicas y/o laparoscópicas, se han desarrollado dispositivos de grapado quirúrgicos endoscópicos y estos se describen en, por ejemplo, la patente US nº 5.040.715 (Green et al.); la patente US nº 5.307.976 (Olson et al.); la patente US nº 5.312.023 (Green et al.); la patente US nº
5.318.221 (Green et al.); la patente US nº 5.326.013 (Green et al.); la patente US nº 5.332.142 (Robinson et al.); y la patente US nº 6.241.139 (Milliman et al.).
La patente US nº 6.241.139 da a conocer un aparato de grapado quirúrgico que puede ser utilizado articulando y no articulando unidades. Los dispositivos quirúrgicos dados a conocer en la patente US nº 6.241.139 comprenden un alojamiento, un mango móvil soportado por el alojamiento, un cuerpo alargado que se extiende distalmente a partir del alojamiento, un árbol de impulsión, una unidad de carga soportada en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado y un mecanismo de articulación.
Tyco Healthcare Group, LP, cesionaria de la presente solicitud, ha fabricado y comercializado instrumentos de grapado endoscópicos, tales como los instrumentos Multifire ENDO GIA™ 30 y Multifire ENDO GIA™ 60 durante una serie de años. Estos instrumentos incluyen un aparato quirúrgico de grapado y una DLU. Típicamente, la DLU se sujeta al aparato inmediatamente antes de la cirugía. Después del uso, la DLU puede retirarse del aparato y una nueva DLU puede sujetarse al aparato para realizar operaciones de grapado y/o corte adicionales. Estos instrumentos han proporcionado beneficios clínicos significativos. No obstante, son posibles todavía mejoras en
estos instrumentos.
Sería deseable proporcionar una DLU mejorada para un aparato quirúrgico de grapado y un aparato quirúrgico de grapado mejorado que tenga la DLU cargada en el mismo.
Sería deseable también proporcionar un mecanismo de bloqueo para una DLU para asegurar la carga apropiada de la DLU al vástago de un aparato quirúrgico de grapado.
En consecuencia, un objetivo de esta descripción es proporcionar una DLU mejorada que bloquee o retenga su conjunto de accionamiento en posición apropiada para cargarse sobre el vástago de un aparato quirúrgico de grapado (denominada en lo que sigue la o una “posición preparada para carga”) hasta que se cargue la DLU sobre un aparato quirúrgico de grapado, para asegurar que, cuando se cargue la DLU en el mismo, el conjunto de accionamiento se enganche, acople o conecte apropiadamente con un elemento de accionamiento del vástago, ayudando así a asegurar el funcionamiento apropiado de la DLU y del aparato quirúrgico de grapado. Por ejemplo, con la DLU cargada sobre el aparato quirúrgico de grapado se tiene que, después de disparar el aparato quirúrgico de grapado, la retracción de la barra de control aproximará o abrirá y/o soltará los conjuntos de yunque y cartucho.
Un objetivo de la descripción es proporcionar una DLU mejorada que incluya un mecanismo de bloqueo que retenga el conjunto de accionamiento en tal posición preparada para carga hasta que la DLU se cargue sobre el aparato quirúrgico de grapado.
Otro objetivo de la presente descripción es proporcionar un mecanismo de bloqueo para una DLU y una DLU que tenga un mecanismo de bloqueo, de tal manera que se impide el disparo del aparato quirúrgico de grapado a menos y hasta que la DLU se cargue sobre el vástago del aparato quirúrgico de grapado.
Todavía otro objetivo de la descripción es proporcionar una DLU que, después del disparo, pueda desconectarse del aparato quirúrgico de grapado.
Todavía otro objetivo de la descripción es proporcionar una DLU que tenga sólo dos condiciones, una en la que no está cargada y su conjunto de accionamiento está bloqueado o retenido en la posición preparada para carga, y otra en la que la DLU está cargada sobre el vástago de un aparato quirúrgico de grapado y en el que el conjunto de accionamiento está desbloqueado y es libre de ser accionado.
Todavía otro objetivo de la presente descripción es proporcionar los objetivos anteriores en una DLU roticulante, es decir, roticulable.
Sumario
La presente invención se define por la reivindicación independiente 1, cuyo preámbulo se basa en la patente US nº
6.241.139. Las reivindicaciones dependientes se dirigen a formas de realización preferidas de la invención.
De acuerdo con la presente descripción, se proporciona un aparato quirúrgico, por ejemplo un aparato quirúrgico de grapado, que incluye un mecanismo de bloqueo para asegurar un acoplamiento apropiado de una unidad de carga desechable a un extremo del aparato quirúrgico, preferiblemente el extremo distal del aparato quirúrgico. En un aspecto, está previsto un aparato quirúrgico que comprende:
un conjunto de mango;
un cuerpo alargado que presenta unos extremos proximal y distal y que se extiende distalmente a partir del conjunto de mango para definir un eje longitudinal, presentando el cuerpo alargado un elemento de accionamiento que se extiende a su través; y
una unidad de carga soportada de manera liberable adyacente a un extremo distal del cuerpo alargado, incluyendo la unidad de carga:
un conjunto de cartucho de grapas que presenta unas grapas quirúrgicas;
un conjunto de accionamiento dispuesto para el movimiento longitudinal con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas para facilitar la eyección de las grapas quirúrgicas del mismo; y
caracterizado porque la unidad de carga comprende además:
un mecanismo de bloqueo configurado y dimensionado para el desengranaje selectivo del conjunto de accionamiento para permitir su movimiento, pudiendo el mecanismo de bloqueo reposicionarse entre una primera posición, en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo se encuentra engranado con el conjunto de accionamiento de la unidad de carga para inhibir su movimiento, y una segunda posición, en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo permite el movimiento del conjunto de accionamiento de la unidad de carga, incluyendo el mecanismo de bloqueo una palanca con unos primer y segundo extremos y un punto de pivote entre los primer y segundo extremos.
Se contempla que el mecanismo de bloqueo incluya una palanca conectada pivotadamente a la parte de alojamiento
5 y que define un punto de pivote. La palanca incluye un extremo distal que se extiende distalmente respecto del punto de pivote y un extremo proximal que se extiende proximalmente respecto del punto de pivote. El extremo distal de la palanca incluye preferiblemente un elemento, de preferencia un gancho, para acoplarse selectivamente a la parte del conjunto de accionamiento de tal manera que, cuando el mecanismo de bloqueo está en la primera posición, el gancho se acopla a una parte del conjunto de accionamiento y, cuando el mecanismo de bloqueo está en la
10 segunda posición, el gancho se desacopla de la parte del conjunto de accionamiento.
Se contempla que, cuando el mecanismo de bloqueo se mueve desde la primera posición hasta la segunda posición, el extremo proximal de la palanca se mueva radialmente hacia dentro y el extremo distal de la palanca se mueva radialmente hacia fuera. El mecanismo de bloqueo se mueve desde la primera posición hasta la segunda
15 posición tras el acoplamiento de la unidad de carga al extremo distal del cuerpo alargado. Preferiblemente, el mecanismo de bloqueo es movido desde la primera posición hasta la segunda posición por una acción de torsión de la unidad de carga con relación al cuerpo alargado cuando la punta de inserción de la unidad de carga se inserta en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado.
20 El mecanismo de bloqueo puede incluir además un elemento de solicitación asociado operativamente con él. Preferiblemente, el elemento de solicitación solicita la palanca hacia la primera posición.
Se contempla que, cuando el mecanismo de bloqueo está en la primera posición, el extremo proximal de la palanca se extienda radialmente más allá de una superficie exterior de la parte de alojamiento. Deseablemente, el extremo
25 proximal de la palanca del mecanismo de bloqueo puede definir una superficie angulada para facilitar la conexión con el cuerpo alargado.
Preferiblemente, el aparato quirúrgico es un aplicador de sujetadores o una grapadora, preferiblemente una grapadora laparoscópica o endoscópica.
30 Esta descripción concierne también a una DLU, preferiblemente una DLU roticuladora para un aplicador de sujetadores quirúrgico o una grapadora quirúrgica.
Deseablemente, el extremo proximal de la parte de alojamiento de la unidad de carga define una punta de inserción.
35 Se contempla que el aparato quirúrgico pueda incluir un cuerpo alargado que se extienda distalmente desde el alojamiento.
La presente descripción proporciona además una unidad de carga para uso con un extremo distal de un aparato
40 quirúrgico de grapado y/o soportable sobre el mismo. La unidad de carga incluye una parte de alojamiento que incluye un extremo distal y un extremo proximal, un conjunto de accionamiento soportado deslizablemente dentro de la parte de alojamiento de la unidad de carga y un mecanismo de bloqueo soportado en la parte de alojamiento de la unidad de carga, teniendo el mecanismo de bloqueo una primera posición en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo se acopla a una parte del conjunto de accionamiento y mantiene la posición, preferiblemente la posición axial, del
45 conjunto de accionamiento con relación a la parte de alojamiento de la unidad de carga, y teniendo el mecanismo de bloqueo una segunda posición en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo se desacopla del conjunto de accionamiento y permite que el conjunto de accionamiento se mueva con relación a la parte de alojamiento.
Las ventajas adicionales se pondrán de manifiesto a partir de la siguiente descripción, considerada junto con los 50 dibujos adjuntos.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
La presente descripción se expondrá adicionalmente haciendo referencia a los dibujos que se acompañan, en los 55 que números de referencia iguales se refiere a partes iguales en las diversas vistas y en los que:
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba de una forma de realización preferida del aparato quirúrgico de grapado actualmente descrito;
60 La figura 2 es una vista en planta desde arriba del aparato quirúrgico de grapado mostrado en la figura 1;
La figura 3 es una vista lateral del aparato quirúrgico de grapado mostrado en las figuras 1 y 2;
La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba del aparato quirúrgico de grapado de las figuras 1-3 con la DLU 65 desacoplada del cuerpo alargado del aparato quirúrgico de grapado;
La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva desde abajo de una DLU no articulada para uso con el aparato quirúrgico de grapado de las figuras 1-4;
La figura 6 es una vista en perspectiva desde abajo de la DLU articulada preferida del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 5 de las figuras 1-4;
La figura 7 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba de la DLU de la figura 6;
La figura 8 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba de la DLU de las figuras 6 y 7;
10 La figura 9 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba ampliada con partes separadas, de la parte de alojamiento proximal y el conjunto de montaje de la DLU de las figuras 6-8;
La figura 9a es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba ampliada de la parte proximal de la mitad superior del 15 alojamiento de la DLU de las figuras 6-9;
La figura 10 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba de la parte de alojamiento proximal y el conjunto de montaje de la DLU de las figuras 6-9 con la mitad superior del alojamiento retirada;
20 La figura 11 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba, con partes separadas, del conjunto de accionamiento axial de la DLU de las figuras 6-9;
La figura 12 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba del conjunto de accionamiento axial de la figura 11 de la DLU de las figuras 6-9;
25 La figura 13 es una vista en perspectiva desde arriba ampliada de una mitad inferior del alojamiento de la parte de alojamiento proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9;
La figura 14 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada del extremo distal del cuerpo alargado del aparato de grapado 30 mostrado en la figura 4;
La figura 15 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, que ilustra un mecanismo de bloqueo según la presente descripción;
35 La figura 16 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada de un extremo distal del cuerpo alargado del aparato de grapado de acuerdo con la presente descripción;
La figura 17 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada, con parte arrancada, del extremo proximal de la DLU de la figura 15, que ilustra el mecanismo de bloqueo en una primera posición;
40 La figura 18 es una vista en sección longitudinal del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, tomada a través de 18-18 de la figura 15, con el mecanismo de bloqueo en una primera posición;
La figura 19 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada, con parte arrancada, del extremo proximal de la DLU de la figura 45 15, que ilustra el mecanismo de bloqueo en una segunda posición;
La figura 20 es una vista en sección longitudinal del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, tomada a través de 18-18 de la figura 15, con el mecanismo de bloqueo en una segundan posición;
50 La figura 21 es una vista en sección transversal del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, tomada a través de 21-21 de la figura 18;
La figura 22 es una vista en sección transversal ampliada del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, tomada a través de 22-22 de la figura 20, que ilustra la posición del mecanismo de bloqueo antes de la rotación de la DLU 55 con relación al cuerpo alargado; y
La figura 23 es una vista en sección transversal ampliada del extremo proximal de la DLU de las figuras 6-9, tal como se tomaría a través de 22-22 de la figura 20, que ilustra la posición del mecanismo de bloqueo después de la rotación de la DLU con relación al cuerpo alargado.
Descripción detallada de las formas de realización preferidas
A continuación, se describirán en detalle formas de realización preferidas del aparato quirúrgico, la DLU y el elemento o mecanismo de bloqueo actualmente revelados con referencia a los dibujos, en los que números de 65 referencia iguales designan elementos idénticos o correspondientes en cada una de las diversas vistas.
En los dibujos y en la siguiente descripción, el término “proximal”, como es tradicional, se referirá al extremo del aparato de grapado que está más próximo al operador, mientras que el término “distal” se referirá al extremo del aparato que está más lejos del operador.
Las figuras 1-4 muestran un aparato quirúrgico, por ejemplo un aparato quirúrgico de grapado, generalmente designado con 10. En interés de la brevedad, esta descripción se enfocará principalmente en sistemas y estructuras para cargar, enganchar, acoplar o conectar una unidad de carga desechable (“DLU”) 16 al aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10. En la patente US nº 6.241.139 se ofrece una discusión detallada de los componentes restantes y del método de uso del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10.
El aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10 es un aparato endoscópico e incluye un conjunto de mango 12 y un cuerpo alargado 14 que se extiende desde el conjunto de mango 12. Una DLU 16 está asegurada de forma soltable al extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14. Aunque esta descripción se refiere al uso de una DLU con el aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10, se entiende y queda dentro del alcance de la presente descripción que puede utilizarse igualmente una unidad de carga de uno solo uso (SULU) u otro efector extremo y/o conjunto de herramienta en cooperación con el aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10.
La DLU 16 incluye una herramienta 17 que tiene un conjunto de cartucho 18 que aloja una pluralidad de grapas quirúrgicas (no mostradas) y un conjunto de yunque 20 asegurado de forma móvil en relación con el conjunto de cartucho 18. Como se muestra en la presente memoria, la DLU 16 está configurada para aplicar seis (6) filas lineales de grapas, midiendo la DLU desde alrededor de 30 mm a alrededor de 60 mm de longitud. Se contemplan también DLU para aplicar cualquier número de filas de grapas, que tienen receptáculos de grapas dispuestos en diversos patrones, y DLU y efectores extremos que tienen otras longitudes, por ejemplo 45 mm. El conjunto de mango 12 incluye un elemento de mango estacionarios 22, un elemento de mango móvil 24 y una parte de cañón 26.
Un elemento giratorio 28 está montado preferiblemente en el extremo delantero de la parte de cañón 26 para facilitar la rotación del cuerpo alargado 14 y la DLU aneja 16 con respecto al conjunto de mango 12. Una palanca de articulación 30 está montada también preferiblemente en el extremo delantero de la parte de cañón 26 de manera adyacente al elemento giratorio 28 para facilitar la articulación del conjunto de herramienta 17. Preferiblemente, un par de botones 32 están posicionados de forma móvil a lo largo de la parte de cañón 26. Los botones 32 se hacen avanzar distalmente para aproximar o cerrar los conjuntos de cartucho y/o de yunque 18, 20, y son retraídos proximalmente para alejar o abrir los conjuntos de cartucho y/o de yunque 18, 20.
Como se ve en la figura 4, es deseable que la DLU 16 pueda acoplarse de forma selectivamente retirable al cuerpo alargado 14. La DLU 16 incluye una parte de alojamiento 200 que tiene un extremo proximal adaptado para acoplarse de manera soltable al extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14. Un conjunto de montaje 202 está asegurado pivotadamente en 203 al extremo distal de la parte de alojamiento 200 y está configurado para recibir el extremo proximal del conjunto de herramienta 17, de tal manera que un movimiento de pivotamiento del conjunto de montaje 202 alrededor de un eje en 203 perpendicular al eje longitudinal de la parte de alojamiento 200 efectúe una articulación del conjunto de herramienta 17.
El aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10 es capaz de recibir una DLU no articulada 16a, como se ve en la figura 5, o una DLU articulada 16, como se ve en las figuras 6 y 8. La patente U.S. 6.241.139 incluye una discusión detallada de DLU articuladas y no articuladas.
Haciendo referencia general a las figuras 9, 9a, 10-13, 15 y 17-23 y con particular referencia a las figuras 9, 9a, 15, 17 y 18, la DLU 16 incluye un conjunto de montaje 235. El conjunto de montaje 235 incluye unas partes de montaje superior e inferior 236, 238, respectivamente. Un elemento de pivote centralmente localizado 284 se extiende desde cada una de las partes de montaje superior e inferior 236, 238 a través de respectivas aberturas 246a formadas en unos elementos de acoplamiento 246. Los elementos de acoplamiento 246 incluyen cada uno de ellos una parte proximal de enclavamiento 246b configurada para ser recibida en surcos 290 formados en el extremo proximal de unas partes de alojamiento superior e inferior 250, 252 para retener el conjunto de montaje 235 y las partes de alojamiento superior e inferior 250, 252 en una posición longitudinalmente fija de uno con relación a las otras.
La parte de alojamiento superior 250 y la parte de alojamiento inferior 252 están contenidas dentro de un manguito, caparazón o carcasa exterior 251. El extremo proximal de la parte superior 250 del alojamiento incluye unos tetones de acoplamiento 254 que se extienden radialmente hacia fuera para acoplarse liberalmente al extremo distal del cuerpo 14. Los tetones 254 forman un acoplamiento de tipo bayoneta con el extremo distal del cuerpo 14. Las partes de alojamiento 250 y 252 definen un canal 400 para recibir en él deslizablemente el conjunto de accionamiento axial
212. Una biela de articulación 256 está dimensionada para posicionarse deslizablemente dentro de una ranura 402 formada en las partes de alojamiento superior e inferior 250 y 252. Un par de conjuntos de placa de purga 255 están posicionados junto al extremo distal de la parte de alojamiento 200 adyacente al extremo distal del conjunto de accionamiento axial 212 para impedir un pandeo y abombamiento hacia fuera del conjunto de accionamiento 212 durante la articulación y el disparo del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10. Para una discusión detallada de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los conjuntos de placa de purga 255 se hace referencia a la solicitud internacional No. de serie PCT/US02/32031 (WO 03/030743), presentada el 4 de octubre de 2002, titulada “Dispositivo de
grapado quirúrgico”.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 11, opcionalmente, un elemento de bloqueo 288 puede estar soportado en una sección de acoplamiento 270 del conjunto de accionamiento axial 212. En funcionamiento, cuando se activa el conjunto de accionamiento axial 212, aplicando una fuerza predeterminada al elemento de mango móvil 24 para hacer avanzar distalmente el conjunto de accionamiento axial 212, el elemento de bloqueo 288 proporciona una indicación audible y táctil de que se ha activado el aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10. Para una discusión detallada de la estructura y el funcionamiento del elemento de bloqueo 288 se hace referencia a la solicitud internacional antes mencionada No. de serie PCT/US02/32031 (WO 03/030743). El elemento de bloqueo 288 puede impedir también la activación parcial inadvertida de la DLU 16, tal como durante el transporte, bloqueando el conjunto de accionamiento axial 212 en una posición fija dentro de la DLU 16 hasta que se haya aplicado una fuerza axial predeterminada al conjunto de accionamiento axial 212.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 9-12, el conjunto de accionamiento axial 212 incluye una barra de accionamiento alargada 266 (figura 11) incluyendo una cabeza de trabajo distal 268 (figura 12) y una sección de acoplamiento proximal 270. La barra de accionamiento 266 puede construirse a partir de una única lámina de material o, preferiblemente, de múltiples láminas apiladas, como se muestra en la figura 11. La sección de acoplamiento 270 incluye un par de dedos de acoplamiento resilientes 270a y 270b que están dimensionados y configurados para realizar un acoplamiento de montaje con un par de correspondientes ranuras de retención 272a y 272b formadas en el elemento de accionamiento 272 (figura 12). El elemento de accionamiento 272 incluye un ojo de buey proximal 274 configurado para recibir el extremo distal 276 de un elemento de accionamiento, por ejemplo una varilla de accionamiento o una varilla de control 52 (figuras 14 y 16-18) cuando el extremo proximal de la DLU 16 está siendo acoplado al cuerpo alargado 14 del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10. La varilla de control 52 funciona para impartir un movimiento axial del conjunto de accionamiento 212 desde el conjunto de mango 12.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 9, 9a y 15-32, la DLU 16 incluye además un mecanismo de bloqueo 300, preferiblemente soportado de forma pivotable sobre un alojamiento, por ejemplo sobre la parte superior 250 del alojamiento. El mecanismo de bloqueo 300 puede manipularse desde una primera posición, en la que se mantiene el conjunto de accionamiento 212 en una posición preparada para carga con miras a realizar una operación de carga apropiada, hasta una segunda posición en la que el conjunto de accionamiento 212 es libre de moverse. Se considera que la DLU 16 se carga en el cuerpo alargado 14 cuando el mecanismo de bloqueo 300 está en la segunda posición, es decir, cuando el conjunto de accionamiento 212 está conectado a la varilla de control 52 del cuerpo alargado 14. Como se ve en las figuras 9, 9a, y 15-23, el mecanismo de bloqueo 300 incluye una palanca 302 conectada pivotadamente a la parte superior 250 del alojamiento por una espiga de pivote 308 que se extiende a su través, definiendo así un punto de pivote. La palanca 302 incluye un extremo distal libre 304 que se extiende distalmente respecto de la espiga de pivote 308 y un extremo proximal libre 306 que se extiende proximalmente respecto de la espiga de pivote 308. El extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 termina en una superficie angulada 306a formada a lo largo de una superficie superior del mismo para acoplarse a una parte del cuerpo alargado 14, como se discutirá con mayor detalle a continuación. El extremo distal 304 de la palanca 302 termina en un elemento de gancho 304a formado a lo largo de una superficie inferior del mismo para acoplarse al elemento de accionamiento 272, como se discutirá con mayor detalle a continuación.
El mecanismo de bloqueo 300 incluye además un elemento o resorte de solicitación 312, preferiblemente un resorte laminar, asociado operativamente a la parte superior 250 del alojamiento y al extremo distal 304 de la palanca 302. Preferiblemente, el resorte 312 mantiene la palanca 302 en la primera posición de tal manera que el elemento de gancho 304a se acople al elemento de accionamiento 272. El resorte 312 incluye un extremo proximal 312a asociado operativamente al extremo distal 304 de la palanca 302 y un extremo distal 312b asegurado a la parte superior 250 del alojamiento. Preferiblemente, el extremo distal 312b tiene la forma de un gancho o brazo curvo que se extiende dentro de una ranura o surco 250a (véanse las figuras 17-20) en la parte superior 250 del alojamiento de tal manera que se cree una fuerza “F” que actúe radialmente hacia dentro en el extremo proximal 312a del resorte 312 (véase la figura 17). El extremo proximal 312a está posicionado en acoplamiento con una superficie exterior 304b del extremo distal 304 de la palanca 302. Como tal, la fuerza “F” actúa a su vez sobre el extremo distal 304 de la palanca 302 para empujar así también el extremo distal 304 radialmente hacia dentro. Al hacer esto, el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 es empujado radialmente hacia fuera debido a la acción de pivotamiento de la palanca 302 alrededor de la espiga de pivote 308.
Antes de la fijación de la DLU 16 al aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10, la palanca 302 del mecanismo de bloqueo 300 es empujada hacia la posición bloqueada por el resorte 312 (figuras 15, 17 y 18). Como se discute anteriormente, en la posición bloqueada la palanca 302 es hecha pivotar alrededor de la espiga de pivote 308, de tal manera que el elemento de gancho 304a de la palanca 302 esté en acoplamiento con una cara distal 272c del elemento de accionamiento 272 y el extremo proximal 306 esté posicionado radialmente hacia fuera de una superficie exterior 193a de la punta de inserción 193 (véase la figura 18). En esta posición bloqueada, el elemento de gancho 304a impide un avance distal inadvertido del elemento de accionamiento 272 para mantener el elemento de accionamiento 272 en su posición más proximal preparada para carga. Esto asegura que la sección de acoplamiento 270 del conjunto de accionamiento 212 se acople apropiadamente al extremo distal 276 de la varilla de control 52 (véase la figura 14) del aparato de grapado 10 cuando la DLU 16 está montada en el cuerpo alargado 14 del aparato
de grapado 10. El extremo distal 276 de la varilla de control 52 tiene una o más superficies de acoplamiento que incluyen preferiblemente, y aquí es como éstas se muestran, una cabeza 276a y un rebajo anular 276b de diámetro menor, justamente proximal respecto de la cabeza 276a y parcialmente definido por la cabeza 276a.
Cuando la DLU 16 se monta en el cuerpo alargado 14 del aparato de grapado 10 de una manera que se discute con más detalle a continuación, la superficie angulada 306a del extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 se acopla a la superficie inclinada 276c del cuerpo alargado 14 (véanse las figuras 20, 22 y 23). El acoplamiento entre la superficie angulada 306a y la superficie inclinada 276c pivota o hace girar la palanca 302 alrededor de la espiga de pivote 308 para mover el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 por acción de leva en dirección radial hacia dentro. El movimiento del extremo proximal 306 en dirección radial hacia dentro efectúa un movimiento del gancho 304a en dirección radial hacia fuera contra la fuerza “F” del resorte 312, de tal manera que el gancho 304a se libere del elemento de accionamiento 272 y/o se desacople de éste de otra manera para liberar el conjunto de accionamiento 212 y permitir el funcionamiento o el funcionamiento continuado del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10.
Como se ve mejor en la figura 16, preferiblemente el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14 incluye un rebajo 276b, formado en él, que tiene una forma adecuada para facilitar la manipulación del mecanismo de bloqueo 300 desde la primera posición hasta la segunda posición. Preferiblemente, el rebajo 276b incluye una superficie inclinada 276c contra la cual hace contacto la superficie angulada 306a de la palanca 302. En particular, la superficie inclinada 276c está conformada de tal manera que la torsión de la DLU 16 en relación con el cuerpo alargado 14 del aparto de grapado 10, después de que se haya insertado la punta de inserción 193 de la DLU 16 en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14, da como resultado que el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 sea empujado o movido progresivamente por acción de leva en dirección radial hacia dentro. Sólo después de que se haya hecho rotar la DLU 16 en un arco suficiente en relación con el cuerpo 14, el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 será movido por acción de leva en dirección radial hacia dentro en una distancia suficiente para liberar el elemento de gancho 304a del elemento de accionamiento 272.
Haciendo referencia continuada a las figuras 15-23, se discutirá un método de uso y/o funcionamiento del elemento de bloqueo 300, cuando se asegura la DLU 16 al extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14. Inicialmente, con el mecanismo de bloqueo 300 en la primera posición de tal manera que el gancho 304a esté en acoplamiento con el elemento de accionamiento 272, la punta de inserción 193 de la DLU 16 se introduce longitudinalmente en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14, en una u otra dirección de la flecha “A” (figura 19). Como se ve en las figuras 19, 20 y 22, durante la introducción de la punta de inserción 193 en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14, el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 entra en el rebajo 276b (figura 22) formado en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14.
Cuando la punta de inserción 193 se ha insertado completamente en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14 y, más particularmente, cuando los tetones 254 han entrado completamente en los canales 276d (figuras 16, 22 y 23), la DLU 16 se hace girar en la dirección de la flecha “B” (figuras 19 y 23), de tal manera que la superficie inclinada 276c del rebajo 276b actúa contra la superficie angulada 306a del extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 y se acopla a ella. Como se describe anteriormente, la acción de leva entre la superficie inclinada 276c del rebajo 276b y la superficie angulada 306a del extremo proximal 306 hace que el extremo proximal 306 de la palanca 302 sea empujado radialmente hacia dentro, como se indica por la flecha “C” de la figura 23 y alrededor de la espiga de pivote 308, superando así la fuerza “F” del resorte 312 y empujando el extremo distal 304 radialmente hacia fuera de tal manera que la palanca 302 sea empujada desde la primera posición hasta la segunda posición. El desplazamiento del extremo distal 304 en una dirección radialmente hacia fuera da como resultado que el gancho 304a se desacople del elemento de accionamiento 272, liberando así el conjunto de accionamiento 212 para el funcionamiento continuado del aparato quirúrgico de grapado 10. Se considera que la DLU 16 se carga en el cuerpo alargado 14 cuando la palanca 302 está en la segunda posición, por ejemplo, cuando el conjunto de accionamiento 212 está conectado al elemento de accionamiento o varilla de control 52 del cuerpo alargado 14.
En consecuencia, se impide la fijación de una DLU que tenga un conjunto de accionamiento 212 al extremo distal del cuerpo alargado 14 cuando el conjunto de accionamiento 212 no está en su posición de carga más proximal o apropiada.
Claims (7)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Aparato quirúrgico (10) que comprende:5 un conjunto de mango (12);un cuerpo alargado (14) que presenta unos extremos proximal y distal y que se extiende distalmente a partir del conjunto de mango (12) para definir un eje longitudinal, presentando el cuerpo alargado (14) un elemento de accionamiento (52) que se extiende a su través; y10 una unidad de carga (16) soportada de manera liberable adyacente a un extremo distal del cuerpo alargado, incluyendo la unidad de carga:un conjunto de cartucho de grapas (18) que presenta unas grapas quirúrgicas;15 un conjunto de accionamiento (212) dispuesto para el movimiento longitudinal con relación al conjunto de cartucho de grapas (18) para facilitar la eyección de las grapas quirúrgicas del mismo; ycaracterizado porque la unidad de carga comprende además:20 un mecanismo de bloqueo (300) configurado y dimensionado para el desengranaje selectivo del conjunto de accionamiento para permitir su movimiento, pudiendo el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) reposicionarse entre una primera posición, en la que el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) se encuentra engranado con el conjunto de accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16) para inhibir su movimiento, y una segunda posición, en la que el25 mecanismo de bloqueo (300) permite el movimiento del conjunto de accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16), incluyendo el mecanismo de bloqueo una palanca (302)con unos primer (306) y segundo (304) extremos y un punto de pivote (308) entre los primer y segundo extremos (306, 304).
- 2. Aparato quirúrgico según la reivindicación 1, en el que el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) es devuelto 30 automáticamente a la primera posición al desconectarse la unidad de carga (16) del cuerpo alargado (14).
- 3. Aparato quirúrgico según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, en el que el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado (14) comprende una superficie inclinada (276c) configurada y dimensionada para empujar el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) hacia la segunda posición bajo la rotación relativa entre la unidad de carga (16) y el cuerpo alargado (14).
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- 4.
- Aparato quirúrgico según la reivindicación 3, en el que la superficie inclinada (276c) se extiende radialmente hacia dentro en una parte interior del cuerpo alargado (14) para reducir una dimensión interna del cuerpo alargado (14).
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- 5.
- Aparato quirúrgico según la reivindicación 3 ó 4, en el que la superficie inclinada (276c) se extiende
40 circunferencialmente a lo largo de una parte de pared interior del cuerpo alargado (14) para definir progresivamente una dimensión radial aumentada. - 6. Aparato quirúrgico según la reivindicación 2, en el que la palanca (302) es móvil al conectarse la unidad de carga(16) con el cuerpo alargado (14) en respuesta al engranaje del primer extremo (306) de la palanca (302) con la 45 superficie inclinada (276c) comprendida en el extremo distal del cuerpo alargado (14).
- 7. Aparato quirúrgico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que la unidad de carga (16) comprende además una parte de cuerpo que presenta una carcasa exterior (251), y unas partes de alojamiento superior e inferior (250, 252) dispuestas en el interior de la carcasa exterior (251), en el que el conjunto de50 accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16) es móvil a través de la parte de cuerpo (14), comprendiendo además el mecanismo de bloqueo (300) un elemento de solicitación (312) asociado de manera funcional con la parte de alojamiento superior (250) y la palanca (302) para solicitar el engranaje de la palanca (302) con el conjunto de accionamiento (212) de la unidad de carga (16).
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-
2005
- 2005-02-17 EP EP10176668A patent/EP2253277B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 EP EP05003446A patent/EP1563791B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 ES ES07007782T patent/ES2365547T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 ES ES05003446T patent/ES2285586T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 DE DE602005000889T patent/DE602005000889T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 EP EP10176671A patent/EP2253278B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 ES ES10176671T patent/ES2377496T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 US US11/059,773 patent/US7225963B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-17 ES ES10176668T patent/ES2395916T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-01-23 US US11/657,307 patent/US7694865B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2009
- 2009-12-28 US US12/647,626 patent/US7967180B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-06-15 US US13/160,722 patent/US8157148B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2253277B1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| EP1563791A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| ES2395916T3 (es) | 2013-02-18 |
| US20110240711A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| ES2365547T3 (es) | 2011-10-06 |
| DE602005000889T2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
| ES2285586T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
| US20050184123A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
| US20100096432A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
| US20070187454A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| US7967180B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
| US7694865B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
| DE602005000889D1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
| US8157148B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
| EP1563791B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
| EP2253278A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| EP2253277A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| EP2253278B1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
| US7225963B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
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