ES2353706A1 - Electrochemical cell for generating gases for analysis of electrochemical processes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell for generating gases for analysis of electrochemical processes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2353706A1 ES2353706A1 ES200803389A ES200803389A ES2353706A1 ES 2353706 A1 ES2353706 A1 ES 2353706A1 ES 200803389 A ES200803389 A ES 200803389A ES 200803389 A ES200803389 A ES 200803389A ES 2353706 A1 ES2353706 A1 ES 2353706A1
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- electrochemical cell
- vertical cylinder
- cylinder
- electrochemical
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/30—Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Celda electroquímica de generación de gases para el análisis de procesos electroquímicos. El objeto principal de la presente invención es una celda electroquímica (1) basada en el voltámetro de Hoffman, aunque mejorada con la adición de un nuevo electrodo de referencia (4c) que proporciona una referencia de tensión, de modo que la celda electroquímica (1) comprende un primer cilindro (2a) vertical lateral en cuyo extremo inferior hay un primer electrodo (4a), un segundo cilindro (2b) vertical lateral en cuyo extremo inferior hay un segundo electrodo (4b), y un cilindro central (3) vertical, todos los cuales están unidos por su extremo inferior, y donde el cilindro central (3) vertical además comprende un tercer electrodo (4c) que proporciona una referencia de tensión a la celda electroquímica (1). Además, los cilindros (2a, 2b, 3) que constituyen la celda están termostatados por las camisas (6a, 6b, 6c) isotermas, y los cilindros verticales (2a, 2b) laterales disponen además de ventanas de visualización (7a, 7b).Electrochemical gas generation cell for the analysis of electrochemical processes. The main object of the present invention is an electrochemical cell (1) based on the Hoffman voltmeter, although improved with the addition of a new reference electrode (4c) that provides a voltage reference, so that the electrochemical cell (1 ) comprises a first lateral vertical cylinder (2a) at the lower end of which there is a first electrode (4a), a second lateral vertical cylinder (2b) at the lower end of which there is a second electrode (4b), and a vertical central cylinder (3). , all of which are joined at their lower end, and where the vertical central cylinder (3) also comprises a third electrode (4c) that provides a voltage reference to the electrochemical cell (1). In addition, the cylinders (2a, 2b, 3) that make up the cell are thermostated by the isothermal jackets (6a, 6b, 6c), and the lateral vertical cylinders (2a, 2b) also have viewing windows (7a, 7b). .
Description
Celda electroquímica de generación de gases para el análisis de procesos electroquímicos.Electrochemical gas generation cell for the analysis of electrochemical processes.
El objeto principal de la presente invención es una celda electroquímica de generación de gases basada en el voltámetro de Hoffman, aunque mejorada con la adición de un nuevo electrodo que proporciona una referencia de tensión. Otro objeto de la invención es proporcionar una celda electroquímica termostatada, que permite la realización de las experiencias a distintas temperaturas.The main object of the present invention is an electrochemical gas generation cell based on the Hoffman voltmeter, although improved with the addition of a new electrode that provides a voltage reference. Another object of The invention is to provide a thermostated electrochemical cell, which allows the realization of experiences to different temperatures
Un voltámetro de Hoffman es un aparato para producir la electrolisis del agua o de otros electrólitos y disoluciones que consiste en tres cilindros verticales, normalmente de vidrio, unidos por sus bases. El cilindro central está abierto por su extremo superior para la adición de un compuesto, por ejemplo agua con un aditivo iónico que mejore su conductividad, como por ejemplo una pequeña cantidad de ácido sulfúrico. Se disponen verticalmente sendos electrodos, por ejemplo de platino, en las bases de cada uno de los cilindros laterales, y se conectan respectivamente a los terminales positivo y negativo de una fuente de tensión. Cuando pasa corriente a través del voltámetro, se produce la electrólisis del agua, que se descompone en oxígeno, en el ánodo, e hidrógeno, en el cátodo. Ambos gases suben en forma de burbujas, desplazando el agua para acumularse en los extremos superiores de los cilindros laterales. Además, es posible la obtención de depósitos metálicos sobre electrodos de platino o sobre otros materiales electródicos en el cátodo, a partir de sus correspondientes iones metálicos en disolución.A Hoffman voltmeter is a device for produce electrolysis of water or other electrolytes and solutions consisting of three vertical cylinders, normally of glass, joined by its bases. The central cylinder is open at its upper end for the addition of a compound, for example water with an ionic additive that improves its conductivity, as per example a small amount of sulfuric acid. They are arranged vertically two electrodes, for example platinum, in the bases of each of the side cylinders, and connect respectively to the positive and negative terminals of a source tensile. When current passes through the voltmeter, it produces electrolysis of water, which breaks down into oxygen, in the anode, and hydrogen, in the cathode. Both gases rise in the form of bubbles, displacing water to accumulate at the ends upper side cylinders. In addition, the obtaining metallic deposits on platinum electrodes or on other electrode materials in the cathode, from their corresponding metal ions in solution.
Sin embargo, con frecuencia no es fácil observar visualmente el proceso de deposición sobre los electrodos. Además, tampoco es posible fijar un valor de referencia en las tensiones de los electrodos, ya que si se trabaja con dos electrodos se realiza la operación a diferencia de potencial o a intensidad de corriente constante entre ambos electrodos.However, it is often not easy to observe visually the process of deposition on the electrodes. Further, it is also not possible to set a reference value in the voltages of the electrodes, since if you work with two electrodes it is done operation unlike potential or current intensity constant between both electrodes.
La presente invención describe una celda electroquímica que permite fijar una referencia de la tensión de los electrodos laterales gracias a la adición de un tercer electrodo de referencia. Además, los electrodos laterales pueden disponerse en dirección vertical, o bien, en una disposición en dirección horizontal que permite que, a través de unas pequeñas ventanas de visualización, se pueda observar los procesos que se produzcan en su superficie.The present invention describes a cell electrochemistry that allows setting a voltage reference of the side electrodes thanks to the addition of a third electrode reference. In addition, the side electrodes can be arranged in vertical direction, or, in an arrangement in direction horizontal that allows, through small windows of visualization, you can observe the processes that occur in your surface.
Por lo tanto, la presente invención describe una celda electroquímica de generación de gases para el análisis de procesos electroquímicos, que comprende:Therefore, the present invention describes a electrochemical gas generation cell for the analysis of electrochemical processes, comprising:
- un primer cilindro vertical lateral en cuyo extremo inferior hay un primer electrodo lateral;- a first lateral vertical cylinder in whose lower end there is a first lateral electrode;
- un segundo cilindro vertical lateral en cuyo extremo inferior hay un segundo electrodo lateral; y- a second lateral vertical cylinder in whose lower end there is a second lateral electrode; Y
- un cilindro vertical central, cuyo extremo inferior está unido a los extremos inferiores del primer cilindro vertical lateral y del segundo cilindro vertical lateral, y donde el cilindro vertical central además comprende un tercer electrodo de referencia que proporciona una referencia de tensión a la celda electroquímica.- a central vertical cylinder, whose end lower is attached to the lower ends of the first cylinder lateral vertical and of the second lateral vertical cylinder, and where the central vertical cylinder further comprises a third electrode of reference that provides a voltage reference to the cell electrochemistry.
Este tercer electrodo sirve para proporcionar una referencia de tensión al conjunto, lo que permite controlar las tensiones de los dos electrodos laterales durante un experimento o fijar la intensidad o densidad de corriente que circula entre dichos dos electrodos laterales. Esto tiene la ventaja que se pueden realizar todas las operaciones electroquímicas de un potenciostato-galvanostato con respecto al electrodo de referencia, a diferencia de los sistemas electroquímicos que trabajan con únicamente dos electrodos, en los que sólo se puede aplicar, con una fuente de alimentación, diferencia de potencial o corriente que circula entre los dos electrodos.This third electrode serves to provide a voltage reference to the set, which allows controlling the voltages of the two lateral electrodes during an experiment or set the intensity or density of current flowing between said two side electrodes. This has the advantage that you can perform all electrochemical operations of a potentiostat-galvanostat with respect to reference electrode, unlike systems electrochemicals that work with only two electrodes, in the which can only be applied, with a power supply, difference in potential or current that circulates between the two electrodes
Además, en una realización preferida de la invención, se disponen camisas isotermas, al menos en uno de los cilindros, y más preferiblemente en todos ellos. De este modo se controla la temperatura de los cilindros, y se pueden realizar experimentos en diferentes condiciones de temperatura.In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, isothermal shirts are arranged, at least in one of the cylinders, and more preferably in all of them. In this way controls the temperature of the cylinders, and can be performed Experiments in different temperature conditions.
Finalmente, una realización preferida más de la invención comprende además juntas elásticas de unión en las conexiones entre los extremos inferiores de los cilindros verticales laterales con el cilindro vertical central. Estas juntas evitan la rotura de las conexiones de unión entre los cilindros cuando se mueve la celda electroquímica. Además, cada cilindro puede disponer de una llave en su extremo inferior para el vaciado de los líquidos que contienen.Finally, one more preferred embodiment of the invention further comprises elastic joint joints in the connections between the lower ends of the vertical cylinders lateral with the central vertical cylinder. These boards avoid the rupture of the connection connections between the cylinders when Move the electrochemical cell. In addition, each cylinder can have of a key at its lower end for emptying liquids that contain.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to an example preferred practical implementation of it, is accompanied as integral part of that description, a set of drawings where with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:
Figura 1.- Muestra una vista de un voltámetro de Hoffman de acuerdo con la técnica anterior.Figure 1.- Shows a view of a voltmeter of Hoffman according to the prior art.
Figura 2.- Muestra un esquema de una realización particular de la celda electroquímica de la presente invención.Figure 2.- Shows a diagram of an embodiment particular of the electrochemical cell of the present invention.
Figura 3.- Muestra un detalle del extremo inferior de una celda electroquímica de acuerdo con la invención.Figure 3.- Shows a detail of the end bottom of an electrochemical cell according to the invention.
Figura 4.- Muestra un detalle de un electrodo lateral y de una ventana de visualización de una celda electroquímica de acuerdo con la invención.Figure 4.- Shows a detail of an electrode side and window display of a cell electrochemistry according to the invention.
Se describe a continuación, haciendo referencia a las figuras, un ejemplo de realización de una celda electroquímica (1) de acuerdo con la invención.It is described below, making reference to the figures, an exemplary embodiment of an electrochemical cell (1) according to the invention.
En la Fig. 1 se muestra un voltámetro de Hoffman (100) de acuerdo con la técnica anterior. El voltámetro de Hoffman (100) un primer y un segundo cilindros laterales (102a, 102b) y un cilindro central (103) unidos por su extremo inferior. En la base de los dos cilindros laterales (102a, 102b) hay un par de electrodos que constituyen un ánodo (104a) y un cátodo (104b). Un par de llaves (105a, 105b) permiten evacuar el aire para llenar los cilindros laterales (102a, 102b) cuando se introduce un líquido por el cilindro central (103).A voltmeter of Hoffman is shown in Fig. 1 (100) according to the prior art. Hoffman's voltmeter (100) a first and a second lateral cylinder (102a, 102b) and a central cylinder (103) joined by its lower end. At the base of the two lateral cylinders (102a, 102b) there are a pair of electrodes which constitute an anode (104a) and a cathode (104b). A pair of keys (105a, 105b) allow to evacuate the air to fill the cylinders lateral (102a, 102b) when a liquid is introduced through the central cylinder (103).
La Fig. 2 muestra una celda electroquímica (1) de acuerdo con la presente invención. Se aprecian un cilindro vertical central (3), un primer cilindro vertical lateral (2a) y un segundo cilindro vertical lateral (2b), unidos entre sí por sus extremos inferiores. En la base del primer cilindro vertical lateral (2a) y del segundo cilindro vertical lateral (2b) hay un primer y un segundo electrodos laterales (4a, 4b), que constituyen el ánodo y el cátodo de la celda electroquímica (1) durante los experimentos. Sin embargo, a diferencia del voltámetro de Hoffmann (100) de la técnica anterior, en este caso hay también un tercer electrodo de referencia (4c) dispuesto en el extremo inferior del cilindro vertical central (3). En este ejemplo, los tres cilindros verticales (2a, 2b, 3) tienen sendas llaves (5a, 5b, 5c) en sus extremos superiores, para permitir la evacuación del aire o de los gases durante los experimentos, en el caso de los cilindros verticales laterales (2a, 2b), o para permitir la entrada de fluido, en el caso del cilindro vertical central (3). Tres llaves inferiores (8a, 8b, 8c) permiten el vaciado del líquido de su interior. Además, dos conexiones flexibles (9a, 9b) impiden la rotura de la celda electroquímica (1) cuando se mueve.Fig. 2 shows an electrochemical cell (1) in accordance with the present invention. A cylinder is appreciated central vertical (3), a first lateral vertical cylinder (2a) and a second lateral vertical cylinder (2b), joined together by their lower ends. At the base of the first lateral vertical cylinder (2a) and of the second lateral vertical cylinder (2b) there is a first and a second side electrodes (4a, 4b), which constitute the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical cell (1) during the experiments. Without However, unlike the Hoffmann voltmeter (100) of the technique above, in this case there is also a third reference electrode (4c) arranged at the lower end of the central vertical cylinder (3). In this example, the three vertical cylinders (2a, 2b, 3) they have two keys (5a, 5b, 5c) at their upper ends, to allow the evacuation of air or gases during experiments, in the case of lateral vertical cylinders (2nd, 2b), or to allow fluid to enter, in the case of the cylinder central vertical (3). Three lower keys (8a, 8b, 8c) allow the emptying of the liquid inside. In addition, two connections flexible (9a, 9b) prevent breakage of the electrochemical cell (1) When it moves.
La Fig. 3 muestra un detalle de una celda electroquímica (1) de acuerdo con la invención donde se puede observar la disposición del primer y segundo electrodos verticales laterales (4a, 4b) y del primer y segundo cilindros verticales laterales (2a, 2b), así como la del tercer electrodo de referencia (4c). En este ejemplo concreto, los electrodos laterales (4a, 4b) se disponen en dirección vertical.Fig. 3 shows a detail of a cell electrochemistry (1) according to the invention where it can be observe the arrangement of the first and second vertical electrodes lateral (4a, 4b) and the first and second vertical cylinders lateral (2a, 2b), as well as that of the third reference electrode (4c). In this specific example, the side electrodes (4a, 4b) are They have a vertical direction.
La Fig. 4 muestra un electrodo lateral (4a) dispuesto en dirección horizontal. Los electrodos laterales (4a, 4b) de la celda electroquímica (1) de la invención se introducen en los extremos inferiores de los cilindros verticales laterales (2a, 2b) en dirección horizontal. Esta disposición facilita la observación de los procesos que se producen en la superficie de dichos electrodos laterales (4a, 4b), en particular a través de unas ventanas de visualización (7a, 7b) horizontales que preferiblemente hay en el extremo inferior de cada cilindro vertical lateral (2a, 2b). Además, la disposición horizontal de las ventanas de visualización (7a, 7b) permite emplear un microscopio y/o un dispositivo de adquisición de imágenes que permitan analizar con mayor detalle los procesos químicos o electroquímicos que se producen durante un experimento.Fig. 4 shows a side electrode (4a) arranged in horizontal direction. The side electrodes (4a, 4b) of the electrochemical cell (1) of the invention are introduced into the lower ends of the lateral vertical cylinders (2a, 2b) in horizontal direction. This provision facilitates the observation of the processes that occur on the surface of said electrodes lateral (4a, 4b), in particular through windows of horizontal display (7a, 7b) that is preferably in the lower end of each lateral vertical cylinder (2a, 2b). Further, the horizontal layout of the viewing windows (7a, 7b) allows to use a microscope and / or a device for acquiring images that allow to analyze in greater detail the processes chemical or electrochemicals that occur during a experiment.
Además, la celda electroquímica (1) de la invención puede comprender sendas camisas isotermas (6a, 6b, 6c) alrededor de los cilindros vertical central (3) y de los cilindros verticales laterales (2a, 2b), lo cual permite realizar experimentos a temperatura constante. La Fig. 4 muestra un detalle del extremo inferior del cilindro vertical lateral (2a) izquierdo donde se aprecia cómo la camisa isoterma (6a) está dispuesta a su alrededor. Además, se observa en esta figura con mayor detalle la conexión flexible (9a) que une dicho cilindro vertical lateral (2a) izquierdo con el cilindro vertical central (3).In addition, the electrochemical cell (1) of the invention can comprise both isothermal shirts (6a, 6b, 6c) around the central vertical cylinders (3) and the cylinders lateral verticals (2a, 2b), which allows experiments at a constant temperature Fig. 4 shows a detail of the end bottom of the left lateral vertical cylinder (2nd) where appreciate how the isothermal shirt (6a) is arranged around it. In addition, the connection can be seen in more detail in this figure. flexible (9a) joining said left lateral vertical cylinder (2a) with the central vertical cylinder (3).
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803389A ES2353706B1 (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2008-11-21 | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OF GAS GENERATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803389A ES2353706B1 (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2008-11-21 | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OF GAS GENERATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2353706A1 true ES2353706A1 (en) | 2011-03-04 |
| ES2353706B1 ES2353706B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803389A Active ES2353706B1 (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2008-11-21 | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OF GAS GENERATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES. |
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| ES (1) | ES2353706B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES260141U (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1982-03-16 | Granell Manen Ana Maria | Perfected seal (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0180090A2 (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1986-05-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for automatically monitoring and maintaining desired concentrations of metal plating baths |
| DE3715260A1 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-17 | Licentia Gmbh | Apparatus for the detection and for the quantitative determination of nitrogen dioxide in a gas mixture and a method for making the apparatus |
| ES2279092T3 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2007-08-16 | Atlas Genetics Limited | DETECTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. |
-
2008
- 2008-11-21 ES ES200803389A patent/ES2353706B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES260141U (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1982-03-16 | Granell Manen Ana Maria | Perfected seal (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0180090A2 (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1986-05-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for automatically monitoring and maintaining desired concentrations of metal plating baths |
| DE3715260A1 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-17 | Licentia Gmbh | Apparatus for the detection and for the quantitative determination of nitrogen dioxide in a gas mixture and a method for making the apparatus |
| ES2279092T3 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2007-08-16 | Atlas Genetics Limited | DETECTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| (LAGOS G E; BONANOS N; STEELE B01/11/1983, XP026516382 páginas 1 - 4; C H, * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2353706B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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