ES2345521B1 - COMBUSTION CHAMBER. - Google Patents

Abstract

Combustion chamber.

The chamber of the invention is constituted by base of flexible and lightweight materials that allow eliminating appearance of fissures, cracks, fractures in materials and others, as well as assume the problem of dilatation. The camera is constitutes from a lower parallelepipedic body (1 ') and a top trunk-pyramid bell (6), being the lateral faces equipped with trellises (2), determining a support for fixing both an outer metal cover as of a double inner layer of insulation, on which in turn an exposed refractory steel plate is internally attached directly to the flame, complementing with the corresponding injection nozzles (3), as well as finials (4) at 45º in two of the corners and upper plates (5) located above the nozzles (3) and vertices opposite them, to prevent the whirlpool formed by the corresponding flows fans do not ascend to the top of the chamber, thereby increasing the residence time of the fuel and decreasing the formation of unburned.

Description

Combustion chamber.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a chamber of combustion that has been planned for application in facilities drying (biomass, sludge and other materials) or generating energy, where it is necessary to have a controlled mixture of combustion gases and air as heating fluid, being initially designed for alperujo conditioning obtained in the olive elaboration processes to obtain oil, in order to use said alperujo as biofuel for the production of electrical energy. However, the design Basic is adapted to any type of biofuel (waste from wood, bagasse, bones or shells, and other organic materials with calorific value between 2 and 5 therms per Kg, conveniently conditioned).

The object of the invention is to achieve a combustion chamber that increases the efficiency of fuel by improving and controlling the flow quality of flue gases, resulting in a reduction of emissions.

Background of the invention

Obtaining olive oil is based on a process that has undergone very few changes over the years, although a greater awareness about the environment has made it raise the production process, looking for methods that consume less raw material and at the same time treat solid waste and liquids that are generated.

Specifically, one of the measures that have been taken is the reuse of alperujo as biofuel in combustion furnaces for the production of electrical energy, although to use the alperujo in combustion furnaces it is necessary that it has humidity conditions that, in principle, do not complies That is, the alperujo must be conditioned based on a hot gas drying system in rotary kilns that reduce humidity to the default values, so that at be fuels, the temperature of the dryer must be perfectly controlled and maintained well below that of ignition of the product to dry.

In this system it is important that the temperature inside the dryer can be controlled quickly and easily, so that any improvement aimed at reducing thermal inertia has a direct impact on the safety of the operation.
tion.

Well, the combustion chambers that currently used are large structures that have to bear the weight of the elements of refractory materials and insulators that make up the walls, as well as the dilations that they occur because of the high temperatures.

On the other hand, the aforementioned combustion chambers or furnaces have a great thermal inertia that in many cases It requires hours to turn it on and off, which is because When the oven is turned on, the heat that is generated in principle is used to heat all the elements that make up the structure of the same, resulting in the opposite effect at the stop. That is, from the fuel supply is cut until it cools a long time elapses due to the ability to retain heat from the elements that make up the oven. For the same reason the transients that normally happen in normal operation suffer delays in its correction for the recovery or transfer of heat from the constituent elements of the oven, subtracting efficiency and performance.

Bearing in mind that combustion chambers or furnaces of the referred type are manufactured with heavy materials, large cast iron elements, large and thick steel plates, mineral based refractory materials, gunite concrete, etc., breakages, fractures and deterioration are frequent as a result of the dilations produced by the high temperatures that they reach inside the ovens, with great cost of maintenance and waste of time in stops.

Description of the invention

The combustion chamber that has been recommended has been designed to solve the problem described above, in based on innovative features, both structural and constitution, since the camera in question includes a panel high efficiency refractory, as follows will describe.

More specifically, the chamber of the invention it uses flexible and lightweight materials, based on low series laminated profiles, thick steel sheets small, lightweight insulating materials, etc., which allow to assume perfectly the added problem of dilatation, eliminating the appearance of fissures, cracks, fractures in materials, etc.

Thus, the chamber of the invention is constitutes from a base structure of a metallic nature, with a parallelepipedic configuration, whose faces are occupied by means of a lattice, as support for the corresponding panel high efficiency refractory.

Both the base structure and the trellis are materialized based on rolled carbon steel profiles, and fixing between them is done by welding.

As for the refractory panel, it constitutes from a high efficiency insulating panel, determined by three layers, a first carbon steel sheet, a second wool of rock, and a third consisting of a sheet of felt ceramic, the first layer being fixed by welding to the trellis, while the third layer determines the surface internal on which the internal wall of the chamber is arranged consisting of a refractory stainless steel plate and destined to receive directly the flame of the home.

The chamber thus constituted is complemented by its upper part with a pyramidal trunk bell, made of the same shape, whose assembly leaves a wide horizontal groove determined, by which fresh air is introduced during operation, because the pressure in the combustion chamber is slightly lower than atmospheric. Inside this hood produces the controlled mixture of flue gases and the air. In the lower part of the straight body of the chamber combustion a horizontal layer of refractory material is arranged and resistant, which acts as a thermal seal between the chamber itself and the outside and on which possible ashes or unburned will be deposited They will be evacuated from the chamber.

The camera includes an outer cover that the covers completely, and that has a series of windows by where outside air enters due to the lower pressure in the space between said cover and the combustion chamber. It is formed like this a space between the combustion chamber itself and the outside that it also allows continuous cooling of the external part of the chamber having always forced air currents. Is covered exterior is composed of a set of removable panels made in light metal profiles and covered with sheet metal corrugated, and then assembled together by screws.

Also, the camera is expected to count with the corresponding injection nozzles, made of steel refractory and inserted into the set that form the walls, being located specifically on opposite walls and arranged in a way asymmetric, all in order to get the flows of both fans form a whirlwind inside the chamber, allowing more efficient and uniform combustion.

The camera also includes 45º deflectors of refractory material, arranged in the corners opposite to the injection nozzles, which serve to prevent energy losses from combustion flow, thus smoothing the trajectories of the current lines.

Finally, the camera is complemented by some refractory plates located in the corners, finished at 45º and arranged at a certain height above the nozzles of injection, plates that establish that the whirlwind formed by the primary fan flow does not ascend to the part upper chamber, thus improving the time of residence of fuel and decreasing the formation of unburned

Based on the referred characteristics, they are numerous and remarkable advantages of the combustion chamber versus to the conventional ones, being able to cite as more important the following:

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Lighter construction that allows reduce construction costs in relation to the cameras of conventional combustion

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Design which allows dilations and relative movements of its components by varying temperatures without generating efforts.

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Saving substantial fuel by reducing energy needs to maintenance of the camera itself.

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Substantial decrease in inertia thermal of the camera, which facilitates the control of the same and Increase the safety of the operation.

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Improvement of combustion to reach operating temperatures superior to those of conventional cameras, which translates into an improvement in emissions and reduction of unburned.

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Full thermal insulation of outside, by double deck, eliminating losses for this concept.

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Saving both the weight of the camera assembly and materials and time of execution, assembly and maintenance of it.

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Optimum thermal insulation and good heat distribution within the camera, allowing stop and then quickly reach the regime of operation.

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Camera of rapid reaction to changes in temperature or actions of control of it, so it increases the security of installations.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings where with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a representation according to an overview of the base structure corresponding to the combustion chamber object of the invention, with two parts differentiated that form the chamber: the straight base and the bell in Truncated pyramid shape.

Figure 2.- Shows another perspective view of the base structure complemented with the lattice of their faces lateral.

Figure 3.- Shows a representation according to a schematic perspective of the combustion chamber object of the invention.

Figures 4 and 5.- They show paths seen in side elevation and profile, respectively, of the camera represented in the previous figure.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

As you can see in the referred figures, the chamber of the invention is constituted from a base structure (1) formed by rolled carbon steel profiles, joined between if by welding, to form a parallelepiped, on whose base structure (1) a trellis (2) is mounted occupying the walls side of the parallelepiped, as shown in figure 2, being that trellis (2) also constituted by profiles carbon steel laminates, fixing to the base structure (1) by high penetration welding.

On the parallelepipedic body (1 ') formed by the structure (1) and trellis (2) of the sides, the corresponding high efficiency composite insulating panel, which It consists of three layers, the first one consisting of a carbon steel sheet and fixed to the structure (1) and trellis (2) by discontinuous welding, mounting the cloths of sheet from the inside and placing them butt, without overlapping, also with discontinuous welding on two sides, adapting to the interior shape of the base structure. The second layer of the panel insulation is made of 50 mm thick rock wool, which it is a material with a small thermal conductivity that makes the thermal insulator function, resulting easily manipulated and mounted on a small cloth on the corresponding sheet of the first layer. The third layer is a ceramic felt sheet of 9 mm thick, constituting a thermal insulator with smaller conductivity that rock wool, so that its low conductivity allows you to thermally insulate the chamber from the outside with a very small thickness, also easily resulting manipulable and mounted on small cloth following The layer of rock wool.

The insulating panel consisting of the three commented layers is of high efficiency and on it the internal wall of the chamber made of stainless steel sheet 5 mm thick refractory, or other suitable material to the nature of combustion gases, being planned to receive directly the flame of the home and is composed of cloths of size regulate and mounted as a whole on two layers of insulation different thermal conductivities, mounting the overlapping cloths a few millimeters with each other to avoid tensions by dilations and payments due to collisions between plates, so that the fixing of the cloths to the outer sheet is carried out using directly on the insulating layer by joints removable, such as screws, with sufficient clearance to allow the expansion of the plates in all directions, not existing by so much welding at any point on the inner faces of the camera.

A bell is included on the top pyramidal trunk (6), whose assembly establishes a horizontal slot for fresh air intake.

The chamber thus constituted is complemented by the corresponding injection nozzles (3) made of steel refractory and inserted with sliding adjustment inside the set that form the walls, being located specifically in two walls opposite, as depicted in figures 3 and 4, and arranged symmetrically, so that the flows of both are achieved fan form a whirlpool inside, allowing a more efficient and uniform combustion.

At the opposite end of the nozzles (3), the Corresponding corners of the chamber have baffles or auctions (4) of 45º and materialized by refractory material, being planned to prevent the appearance of vortices and the consequent loss of energy from the combustion flow, with which allows smoothing the trajectories of the lines of stream.

Inwardly, corners are planned also refractory plates (5) arranged at a height that it is above the injection nozzles (3), so that by means of these plates (5) the whirlwind formed by fan flows do not ascend to the top of the chamber, thereby increasing the residence time of the fuel and decreasing the formation of unburned.

The chamber thus constituted is complemented by a removable outer cover based on light metal profiles and corrugated sheet, determining a space between the chamber itself and said cover to allow continuous cooling of the wall outside the chamber, since there are always forced air currents. Obviously the combustion chamber described minimizes the problems presented by conventional cameras, when working on differently, since it does not generate tensions when heated, allowing dilations freely in all directions, and in where its elements are not affected by interference between them, so that when dimensioning each of the elements constitutive of the chamber, the temperature and the mechanical resistance that they have to have, but without the efforts due to the dilations of a rigid structure, such as conventional.

Claims (5)

1. Combustion chamber, intended for application in drying facilities (biomass, sludge and other materials) or power generation, in which it is necessary to have a controlled mixture of combustion gases and air as a heating fluid, initially being designed for the conditioning of the alperujo obtained in the olive production processes to obtain oil, in order to use said alperujo as a biofuel for the production of electrical energy, being designed to admit any type of biofuel (wood waste, bagasse, bones or shells, and other organic materials with calorific value between 2 and 5 therms per kilogram), is characterized in that it is constituted from a lower parallelepipedic body (1 ') and a pyramidal trunk upper bell (6), settling between body ( 1 ') and hood (6) a groove for the passage of air between the two, all this allowing to control the combustion process and the mixture of gases produced with outside air. 2. Combustion chamber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure that constitutes the resistant wall of the lower body (1 ') and that compensates for the dilatation of its elements in all directions avoiding tensions, is constituted by metal profiles (1) in correspondence with the edges and a trellis (2) in correspondence with the lateral faces; with the particularity that on the interior of said side walls a composite insulating panel is mounted, of high efficiency and constituted by the superposition of three layers, one of carbon steel, a second layer of rock wool, and a third layer of ceramic felt sheet, said refractory stainless steel sheet superimposed on said insulating panel, constituting the inner wall of the chamber itself, being fixed to the layer constituted by the felt sheet by screws, determining removable joints, with sufficient clearance for its operation to high temperature. 3. Combustion chamber, according to previous claims, characterized in that in correspondence with two zones close to two opposite corners, injection nozzles (3) made of refractory steel are provided, to generate the best gas flow conditions, while at the corners opposite to the arrangement of the injection nozzles (3), deflectors or flow control auctions (4) of refractory material are provided; having provided at 45 ° and in correspondence with said corners, horizontal refractory plates (5) to conduct and control the flow, arranged at a certain height located above the injection nozzles (3). 4. Combustion chamber, according to previous claims, characterized in that the high efficiency insulating panel is double, so that its arrangement and assembly uses the connecting elements through the layer constituting the carbon steel sheet on the base structure (1) and trellis (2), it being provided that the inner layer of that insulating panel constitutes an element that absorbs relative movements between the outer and inner layers due to temperature variations. 5. Combustion chamber, according to previous claims, characterized in that it includes an outer cover with windows determining the passageways through which the air flows through depression, in order to eliminate any loss of heat and also managing to cool the space by circulation between cover and chamber, said air being introduced through the groove between the lower body (1 ') and the pyramidal trunk bell (6).