ES1260905U - Solar energy concentrator and collector system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar energy concentrator and collector system, of the type that uses the reflection of solar rays by means of, consisting of longitudinal sheets or plates peripherally supported by cables and posts or a frame, arranged in pairs at a dihedral angle, which concentrate the solar rays in a conduit or equally longitudinal focus, preferably ovoidal, rectangular or tile-shaped section that run through or near the ground, through said conduit water or a fluid circulates, which evaporates, increases its pressure and temperature, activating said flowing a turbine and this to an electric generator, or condensing to effect its desalination, the sheets or plates can be one-piece to formed by multiple square or rectangular sheets attached longitudinally.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Solar energy concentrator and collector system

Field of the invention

In alternative energies for the construction of electric power plants or plants, heating of buildings and for desalination of sea water.

State of the art

At present, a large part of the energy radiated by the sun is concentrated and captured by power plants with large parabolic trough mirrors, and increasingly low-cost photovoltaic panels, however, they are still expensive. Desalination systems are expensive and expensive to maintain, most of them ceasing to function over time. The present system is simple, useful and inexpensive and provides a large amount of energy and drinking water at a very low cost.

Description of the invention

Object of the invention and advantages

Obtain energy cheaply and easily.

Using a practical system can be up to several tens of times simpler and cheaper than existing systems, which provides a large amount of energy allowing large solar thermal power plants.

Contribute to a system that concentrates the sun's rays in a simple and useful economic way. The fixed East-West longitudinal arrangement, in this system is very useful since with great inclinations (in the morning and evening) the capture of the solar rays is taken advantage of because the only thing that affects is the point where it does it longitudinally in the focal canal.

Allow the use of mirrors or fixed sheets, which take advantage of the sun's rays even with the largest deviations that occur during the solstices.

Obtain drinking water by desalination in large quantities and economically.

Make a high contribution to protecting the environment and avoiding climate change. It could be one of the best systems to solve this problem.

Problems to solve

The high cost of current alternative energies and their equipment and the storage problem. Adding the difficulties to obtain drinking water from sea water.

The solar energy concentrator and collector system of the invention, of the type that uses the reflection of the sun's rays by means of mirrors, consists of longitudinal sheets or plates peripherally supported by cables and posts or a frame, arranged in pairs at a dihedral angle, which concentrate the sun's rays in an equally longitudinal duct or focus, preferably ovoidal, rectangular or tile-shaped in section, that runs along or close to the ground (in order to achieve the lowest temperature concentration but high performance since it takes advantage of all the solar rays, not affecting the aberration of the mirrors or requiring high precision in their operation). A fluid circulates through said conduit, which can be water which evaporates by operating said fluid a turbine or condensing to effect its desalination. Steam turbines, axial or helical turbines can be used, and less preferably air motors. The sheets or plates can be one-piece or be formed by multiple square or rectangular sheets attached longitudinally.

One or more reflective mirrors can be placed on both sides, between the sheets or side plates that form the dihedral concentrator.

The pairs of plates, sheets or bands are held inclined in the plane of the ecliptic, by means of posts or bars on the sides. These posts are hinged at their base to allow the retraction of the sheets or plates for maintenance or for protection from the wind. They can be placed in several sections joined longitudinally. They can also be reinforced with cables or cords crossed between the cables at their edges.

The sheets or plates are preferably placed fixed, longitudinally in the east-west direction, corrected for the solar declination of the place, the angle formed by the Sun-Earth line and the plane of the celestial equator (projection of the terrestrial equator). The solar declination is equal to zero at the spring and autumn equinoxes and maximum at the solstices.

They can also be tiltable laterally depending on the time or season of the year. Even allowing an inclination of up to 23 °, with respect to the equinoctial or ecliptic plane of the area. For southern Europe the inclination is usually between 30 ° and 40 °.

The focal duct can also be moved in place of the mirrors. Mirror bands can be used interlaced between two or more cables, said bands adopting a sawtooth section. The focal ducts are placed inside the pairs of sheets or V-mirrors. And they can be tile-shaped.

Electric actuators retract the sheets or plates with cables when electromagnets are operated with a sensor formed by a fin and the action of the wind.

The sheets or plates can also be placed in those same positions and can be turned or tilted manually or with a sun-following servomechanism or moved laterally depending on the day of the year by means of a microprocessor. The inclination of the sun can also be followed by photoelectric cells. By means of actuators or rams, two or three positions can be applied to them, corresponding to different times of the year. It would only be necessary to correct the latitude two or three times.

The ducts must be suitably thermally insulated, especially in their lower area. For the upper one it is enough to use the glass duct.

The water is automatically introduced into the pipes from pressurized tanks fed by pumps as it evaporates. Later it is returned evaporated to the system or to the condensed tank, if there is a deficiency.

In the case of being used for desalination, the water evaporates in the focal ducts and is applied to parallel ducts where it is condensed in condensers from where it is stored or used.

Protection against the wind is achieved by making the system foldable by turning the posts which are articulated at their base.

For protection against the wind, the sheets or bands can be released automatically. An actuator is actuated and they are retracted by the action of a spring.

The system can be placed in a channel made in the ground, in this way it does not protrude and is more protected from the winds.

In a variant, preheaters are used consisting of thin ducts in a flat or curved shape. In some cases these could be used exclusively without adding mirrors. The sheets or plates of the mirrors can be constituted by a film of a highly reflective metal silver, aluminum, chrome, copper, reflective polymers, sol-gel type mirrors, etc., coated or between thin plastic films, varnish, etc. ., or a metal or plastic plate or sheet covered with a silver or aluminum film that acts as a reflector. A variant uses a polished, anodized or metal plate or foil with a reflective metal bath, also aluminized plastic or nickel-plated bronze. In all cases, the silver or aluminum film, polished or anodized surface, is covered with a transparent layer of metal varnish, resin, polyester or the like that acts as a protector against environmental corrosion. The mirror can be reinforced or supported by a fabric, mesh of fine threads or flattened and equally reflective strips forming large squares, or by groups of parallel threads on one or both sides. It can also rest on a mesh, grid or independent plate. Flat mirrors can be held by rigid arms.

Energy storage can be done pneumatically with containers on the seabed.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic and cross-sectional view of a pair of concentrating mirrors formed by sheets, plate or longitudinal bands with the solar rays concentrated on an area of the focal duct with a very wide oval section that allows the capture of solar radiation with a great apparent inclination of the sun with respect to the equinoctial plane of the place.

Figures 2 to 6 show schematic and cross-sectional views of variants of pairs of concentrating mirrors.

Figure 7 shows a schematic and perspective view of a pair of concentrating and tilting mirrors.

Figure 8 shows a schematic, partial and sectioned view of a variant of the focal duct formed by multiple ducts.

Figures 9 through 12 and 16 through 20 show schematic and cross-sectional views of variants of multiple-pair hub mirror systems. Figure 13 shows a schematic and perspective view of a concentrator field of the system of the invention.

Figures 14 and 15 show two schematic and plan views of two thermal plants using the concentrator system of the invention.

Figures 21, 22 and 23 show schematic and sectioned views of variants of concentrator sheets or plates of the invention.

More detailed description of an embodiment

Figure 1 provides a possible embodiment of the invention, with the solar rays (11) incident on the pairs of sheets or plates (1) forming a dihedral angle, mirrors that concentrate the rays of the equinoctial sun on the focal section duct ovoidal (2), of great relative width, which can be rectangular. This has a much larger surface area, less concentration, therefore it needs less precision and the performance obtained is the same. The duct is made of glass, which in addition to being thermal insulator adds another thermal insulator (18) in contact with the ground in its lower area. The approximate N-S direction is shown to show that the mirror pairs are approximately E-W. This is extensive for other figures that carry them.

Figure 2 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the sheets or plates (1), mirrors that concentrate the rays of the winter solstice sun on the ovoidal section focal duct (2), The duct is made of glass, which also if it is thermal insulator, it adds another thermal insulator (18) in contact with the ground in its lower area.

Figure 3 shows the solar rays (11) incident on the sheets or plates (1), mirrors that concentrate the rays of the sun of the equinoxes on the focal duct of ovoidal section (2), The duct is made of glass, which in addition to Being thermal insulator adds another thermal insulator (18) in contact with the ground in its lower area.

Figure 4 shows the sheets or plates (1), which is added by the intermediate double mirror (1a), which facilitates the concentration of the sun's rays of the summer solstice on the focal duct (2). Figure 5 shows the sheets or plates (1), which is added by the intermediate double mirror (1a), which facilitates the concentration of the solar rays of the winter solstice on the focal duct (2).

Figure 6 shows the sheets or plates (1), which is added by the intermediate double mirror (1a), which facilitates the concentration of the solar rays of the equinoxes on the focal duct (2) and the peripheral cables (3).

Figure 7 shows the pair of mirrors formed by the sheets (1), the cables (3) on their periphery, supported by the posts (4) which carry the joint (5) together with its base.

Figure 8 shows the solar rays (11) that are applied on multiple focal ducts (2) formed by laterally attached cylindrical ducts. It carries the thermal insulator (18) in its lower area.

Figure 9 shows a group of pairs of mirrors applied in a cavity (20) made in the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by the sheets or plates (1) on the focal ducts (2), supported by the cables ( 3) and posts (4). To which the solar rays (11) perpendicular to the equinoxes are applied.

Figure 10 shows a group of pairs of mirrors applied in a cavity (20) made in the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by the sheets or plates (1), on the focal ducts (2), supported by the cables (3) and posts (4). To which the inclined solar rays (11) of the winter solstice are applied.

Figure 11 shows a group of pairs of mirrors applied in a cavity (20) made in the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by the sheets or plates (1), on the focal ducts (2), supported by the cables (3) and posts (4). To which the solar rays (11) perpendicular to the equinoxes are applied.

Figure 12 shows a group of pairs of mirrors separated from each other applied on the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by the sheets or plates (1) on the focal ducts (2), supported by the cables (3) and posts (4), and to which inclined solar rays are applied. Its sides are protected by the ground ramps (17).

Figure 13 shows the solar concentrators of a thermal plant formed by the pairs of mirrors formed by the sheets or plates (1), supported by the cables (3), which concentrate the solar rays on the focal ducts (2).

Figure 14 shows a solar thermal plant formed by the water pump (19) that feeds and pressurizes the chamber (14) from where the water is sent through the conduit (15) to multiple pairs of concentrators formed by the mirrors (1) and the focal ducts (2) that meet and apply the water vapor to the turbine (7) which drives the electric generator (8). The steam leaves the turbine and is fed back through the conduit (12) through the check valve (16).

Figure 15 shows a small solar thermal plant formed by the water pump (19) that feeds and pressurizes the chamber (14) from where it is sent through the conduit (15) to a pair of the concentrators formed by the mirrors (1) and the focal conduit (2) that applies the water vapor in the chamber (31) to the water desalination conduit (30). The water vapor is fed back to the inlet of the focal conduit through the check valve (16).

Figure 16 shows the pairs of foil concentrating mirrors (1) formed by interlaced bands between upper and lower cables (3). The focal ducts (2) are placed inside the lower vertices of the generated dihedrals.

Figure 17 shows the pairs of concentrating mirrors formed by the sheets (1) formed by interlaced bands between upper and lower cables (3). The focal ducts (2) are placed inside the lower vertices of the generated dihedrals. The upper transverse cables are used to orient the mirror pair groups.

Figure 18 shows the pairs of foil concentrating mirrors (1) formed by interlaced bands between upper and lower cables (3). The focal ducts (2) are placed inside the lower vertices of the generated dihedrals. It is similar to figure 16, but in this case the sizes of the lower cables and the focal conduits vary.

Figure 19 shows a group of pairs of mirrors applied in a recess (20) made in the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by interlaced sheets or bands (1), between the cables (3) that support them. The focal ducts (2) are placed inside the lower vertices of the generated dihedrals. It receives the solar rays of the equinoctial zone.

Figure 20 shows a group of pairs of mirrors applied in a recess (20) made in the side or skirt of a mound, they are formed by interlaced sheets or bands (1), between the cables (3) that support them. The focal ducts (2) are placed inside the lower vertices of the generated dihedrals. It receives the solar rays of the winter solstice. The upper transverse cables are used to orient the mirror pair groups. Figure 21 shows a sheet or plate (1) with grommets (23) on two of its edges for fastening to the cables.

Figure 22 shows a sheet or plate (1) with grommets (23) on two of its edges for fastening to the cables. Add a fusible sheet (24) that breaks in case of strong winds. Figure 23 shows a sheet or plate (1) at a dihedral angle with grommets (23) on two of its edges for fastening to the cables. It shows another partial lateral lamina between which the focal canal is placed, not shown in the figure.

In all cases, the systems can be placed in the so-called south orientation, that is, placed longitudinally in the E-W direction.

All focal canals can be tile-shaped with the concavity facing the sun. They can also be cylindrical.

Claims (25)

1. Solar energy concentrator and collector system, of the type that uses the reflection of the sun's rays by means of, consisting of longitudinal sheets or plates peripherally supported by cables and posts or a frame, arranged in pairs at a dihedral angle, which The solar rays concentrate in an equally longitudinal conduit or focus, preferably ovoidal, rectangular or tile-shaped in section that run through or near the ground, through said conduit, water or a fluid circulates, which evaporates, increases its pressure and temperature, activating said fluid a turbine and is connected to an electric generator, or condensing to effect its desalination, the sheets or plates can be one-piece or formed by multiple square or rectangular sheets attached longitudinally. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized by using steam turbines, axial or helical turbines and pneumatic motors. 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are held inclined in the line or plane of the ecliptic, or inclined towards the north or towards noon, by means of posts or bars on the sides. 4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the posts are articulated at their base to allow the retraction of the sheets or plates. 5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more reflective mirrors are placed on both sides, between the pairs of sheets or side plates that form the dihedral concentrator. 6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are placed in several longitudinally joined sections. 7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are reinforced with cables or cords intertwined between the cables of their edges. 8. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are preferably placed fixed, longitudinally in the East-West direction corrected for the solar declination of the place, the angle formed by the Sun-Earth line or the plane of the celestial equator (projection of the terrestrial equator). 9. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination of the sheets or plates is controlled with a sun-following servomechanism that inclines or moves them laterally depending on the day of the year by means of a microprocessor. 10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of actuators or rams, two or three positions or inclinations corresponding to different times of the year are applied to the sheets or bands. 11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors follow the inclination of the sun by using photoelectric cells as a reference. 12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ducts are thermally insulated, especially in their lower area, in the upper area with a transparent insulator such as the duct glass. 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that pumps introduce pressurized water into pressurized tanks, from where the focal ducts are fed, which is done automatically when the pressure in the tank is reduced. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of a conduit, the water vapor that comes out of the turbine is fed back to the focal conduits. 15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are released by the action of an actuator and are retracted by the action of a spring. 16. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection against the wind is achieved by making the system foldable by rotating the posts which are articulated at their base. 17. System according to claim 1, characterized in that lateral surfaces or ramps of canvas, plastic or ramp terrain allow deflecting the wind that falls on the sheets or plates of the mirrors. 18. System according to claim 1, characterized by the sheets or plates of the mirrors consisting of a film of a metal with high reflection silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, reflective polymers, sol-gel type mirrors, coated or between thin films of plastic or varnish, or a metal or plastic plate or sheet covered with a silver or aluminum film that acts as a reflector. 19. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates carry a polished, anodized metal plate or sheet with a reflective metal bath, also aluminized plastic or nickel-plated bronze. 20. System according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that in the sheets or plates, the silver or aluminum film, polished or anodized surface is covered with a transparent layer of metal varnish, resin, polyester or the like that acts as a protector against environmental corrosion. 21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are turned or tilted manually with a lathe. 22. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the water that evaporates in the focal ducts is applied to parallel ducts that carry salty water, evaporating and condensing it, eliminating the salt. 23. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are reinforced or supported by a fabric, mesh of fine threads or flattened and equally reflective strips forming large squares, or by groups of parallel threads, on one or both sides. 24. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheets or plates are supported on a mesh, grid or independent plate. 25. System according to claim 1, characterized in that preheaters are used consisting of thin ducts in a flat or curved shape.