ES1138410U - Transport set and/or storage of stacked plates (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

A set (1) of transport and/or storage of stacked plates, characterized in that it comprises A plurality of plates (2) arranged one above the other, forming a batch (3) of stacked plates, and A plurality of coves (4) arranged under the batch (3) of plates, supporting their total weight, Wherein the batch (3) of stacked plates has a total weight equal to or greater than 500 kg, At least one cleat (4) of the plurality of cleats (4) comprises a strip of extruded polystyrene foam with a compression tension at 10% of deformation greater than 400 kpa in the direction supporting the weight of the plate lot. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Transport and / or storage of stacked plates

Field of the Invention

5 The invention falls within the scope of production, storage and transport of materials produced as stackable plates of a high weight / volume ratio. The invention is particularly related to the storage and / or transport of plasterboard of the type Pladur®.

10 Background

Plates or boards of laminated plaster between cardboard sheets (multi-sheet cellulose layers) are currently widely used as building materials for interior masonry of buildings, for the lining of walls, construction of partitions or false ceilings. Plates of this type are marketed by

15 example under the range of Pladur® products by Yesos Ibérico SA Its measurements vary depending on the application in question, but the most common are a width of 1200 mm, variable lengths of 2000 - 3000 mm, and thicknesses ranging from 6 mm up to 25 mm.

The production of laminated plasterboard is a continuous, highly automated process, which

20 includes the treatment of gypsum ore, its mixture with water and additives, the deposit of the mixture between two sheets of cardboard, and the setting of the plaster. The plates are then cut to the desired length, dried and then the plates are stacked on top of each other to form batches or sets of plates. The number of plates per lot varies between 30 and 80 plates, other numbers being possible in exceptional situations. A pallet can be placed under the batch of plates, although it is much more advantageous and common to have several coves

25 elongated wood fiber that stick to the bottom plate of the assembly, and allow storage and transport by forklifts.

The wooden fiber coves, usually made of linen, therefore support the total weight of the plate set. Their function goes further, since they also ensure that the plates do not deteriorate by contact with the ground or with the humidity on it, as well as allowing easy handling by forklifts.

However, limitations and problems have been observed in the experience with the use of wooden coves. Thus, these wood fiber plates do not sufficiently prevent soil moisture from affecting the bottom plates of the lot, since the wood fiber coves absorb a certain degree of water and transport it

35 by absorption and upward capillary. In addition, these coves have to have a high compaction and density, so that they can support the weight of the set of plates without deformations that jeopardize the stability of the batch. That is why the suitable wooden fiber coves have a high weight, and an unattractive cost. For this reason, to reduce the amount of material of the coves, it is known to manufacture them with perforations of a certain diameter that cross the width of the cove.

40 Pallets made of plastic foams, including expanded polystyrene (EPS) foams, for the storage and transport of materials are known (see, for example, German patent application DE 2045712 A1).

45 Although the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) partially solves the problem of weight and cost, this material is not entirely satisfactory. The mechanical properties of expanded polystyrene are not sufficient, particularly it is not sufficiently resistant to compression, and is not capable of withstanding high weights for extended times without significantly deforming. In addition, the EPS material is not sufficiently impermeable to moisture, for example when it is to be in contact with the humidity of the

50 soil, due to its porous microstructure. The use of EPS pallets under stacked plates does not prevent soil moisture from affecting the bottom plates of the batch. Another adverse effect of the penetration of water into the structure of expanded polystyrene (EPS), is the damage suffered by the microstructure and the loss of mechanical resistance, when it undergoes cycles of drastic changes in temperature in the presence of moisture, such as ice - thaw, which can occur during storage and

55 transport.

During storage and before use in the work, lots are usually stacked at various heights, some lots on top of others, being common to reach up to 12 heights. This is why it would be desirable that the coves of the lower lot might be able to withstand a total weight that exceeds 12,000

60 kg

From the above it follows that there is a need for a unit or assembly for the storage and / or transport of stacked plates, formed by sets of plates or batches of high weight, which avoids the problems of deterioration of the solutions known until now.

Description of the invention

The present invention is therefore directed to a storage and / or transport assembly of stacked plates 5 in batches of high weight, particularly for stacked plasterboard plates, which attempts to overcome the problems present in the solutions known today .

This object of the invention is achieved with a transport and / or storage assembly of stacked plates with the features of claim 1.

Thus, one aspect of the invention relates to a stacked plate transport and / or storage assembly comprising a plurality of plates arranged one above the other, forming a batch of stacked plates with a total weight of • 500 kg. The assembly also comprises a plurality of coves, preferably elongated, arranged under the batch of stacked plates, supporting their total weight. At least one cove of the

The plurality of coves comprises an extruded polystyrene foam slat, with a compression strain at 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa in the direction in which the weight of the plate batch or stacking direction is applied.

In this way the coves of the assembly of the invention are capable of supporting weights of up to 12 times the

20 weight of the own batch of plates without deforming or deteriorating significantly, in addition to being low cost and reusable.

The stacked plate transport and / or storage assembly of the invention is of particular interest when the stacked plates are plasterboard laminated between cardboard sheets, due to the high density

25 of these (greater weight by volume), and the tendency to accumulate moisture that this type of plates has: when at least one cove of the plurality of coves comprises an extruded polystyrene foam strip, moisture affects the plates in less measure thus preventing them from deteriorating or deforming. Thus, preferably, the stacked plates comprise at least one plasterboard laminated between cardboard sheets. More preferably, all the plates included in the batch are made of laminated plaster between sheets of

30 cardboard In any case, the invention is not limited to this type of plates, and other types of plates can form batches of stacked plates.

The stacked plates preferably have a width of 600-1250 mm, a length of 1800-3200 mm and a thickness of 6-25 mm. The weight per laminated gypsum board is preferably in the range 7 -

35 46 kg

The total batch weight of stacked plates is equal to or greater than 500 kg. Preferably the total weight is between 500-2000 kg, even more preferably between 800-1500 kg.

The plates included in the batch are preferably arranged with their edges substantially aligned, so that the batch forms an elongated orthohedron with a height, length and width. However, other misaligned arrangements of the plates in the batch are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention. In any case, the batch of stacked plates projects perpendicularly on a plane perpendicular to the direction of stacking a surface that is defined by the length and width

45 batch maximums.

The coves comprise at least one strip of extruded polystyrene foam with a compression strain at 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa. In preferred cases, all the coves comprise strips of extruded polystyrene foam with a compression strain at 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa.

50 Extruded polystyrene foams, also known by the acronym XPS (eXtruded PolyStyrene), are known materials for applications such as thermal insulation, sound insulation and packaging. The person skilled in the art clearly distinguishes extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams from expanded polystyrene (EPS) foams. The latter, EPS, are produced in a discontinuous process, in which styrene

It is polymerized in an aqueous suspension in the presence of a foaming agent, forming polystyrene beads. These beads are then introduced into a mold and foamed in the desired shape and compaction with the application of water vapor. The final micro-structure of EPS, a consequence of this process, is characterized by foamed pearls joined together in the contact areas, together with open cavities between the pearls.

It is also known in the art, although rarely used, the possibility of producing EPS by means of an extrusion process of the beads that will form the foam. In this case, this extrusion process is discontinuous, and the EPS material obtained is clearly differentiable in its microstructure and properties of polystyrene foams obtained by continuous extrusion.

In a different way, extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams are produced as plates in a continuous extrusion process. In this, the solid polystyrene is introduced into a hot extruder, where it melts and mixes with a foaming agent and other additives under pressures between 30 -100 bar. The mixture is partially cooled before being injected through an extrusion nozzle, where the pressure drop causes the polystyrene mixture to begin foaming. The foam is transported along the production line while it finishes foaming, it cools and solidifies. The desired final shape is achieved from the continuous plate with the use of calibrators, guillotines, trimmers and milling machines. The microstructure of the XPS foams has closed cells distributed with a certain homogeneity in a continuous polystyrene matrix. Throughout this description the reference to extruded polystyrene foams or XPS

10 refers only to the materials obtained by continuous extrusion with a microstructure as described in this paragraph, unlike EPS expanded polystyrene foams.

For more information on XPS extruded polystyrene foams, their manufacturing, and differences with expanded polystyrene foams, it is recommended to consult Polystyrol Kunstoff Handbuch 4, 1995, H.

15 Gausepohl, R. Gellert, edited by Carl Hanser, especially chapters 14 and 15.

The extruded foam slats according to the invention have a compression strain of 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa when it is measured according to UNE EN 826: 2013 in the direction in which the weight of the plate batch is applied. In favorable forms of the invention, the extruded polystyrene foam strip 20 preferably has a compression strain at 10% deformation equal to or greater than 500 kPa, and more preferably between 600-800 kPa in that direction of the strip. Extruded polystyrene foams with these compression stresses are known, and the expert knows how to modify parameters in the production of the foams to reach those values. Thus, it is known that the compressive strength can be adjusted by varying the characteristics of the raw materials (virgin polystyrene / recycled polystyrene ratio, foaming agent, additives, etc.), extrusion conditions, the relationship between the opening of the extrusion nozzle and the thickness of the foam or the density of the resulting foam, among others. For example, extrusion conditions that result in an anisotropy in the shape of the cells in the foam, making them more elongated in one direction, make the compressive strength of the foam in that direction higher. These effects are known and are described in detail for example in Polystyrol

30 Kunstoff Handbuch 4, 1995, H. Gausepohl, R. Gellert, edited by Carl Hanser, especially chapters 13.2, 14.2, 15.1 and 15.5. Extruded polystyrene foams with compression stresses of 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa are commercially available, for example under the designations Styrodur® 4000 CS and Styrodur 5000 CS from BASF, or URSA XPS NV L and URSA XPS D N-VII- L of URSA Insulation.

The compression strain at 10% strain is preferably measured in accordance with the UNE EN 826: 2013 standard. In this test, an extruded polystyrene foam specimen with a thickness of 70 mm and a base of 100 mm x 100 mm, is pre-conditioned and subjected to compression tension between two parallel flat plates, at a constant deformation rate equal to 0 , 1 times the thickness of the specimen, and in the direction

40 of its thickness. The compression is continued until the deformation of 10% is reached, at which time the compression tension for that deformation of 10% is determined. The compression strain at 10% strain is established as the average value of the stresses obtained from a minimum of 5 specimens.

45 The long-term deformation resistance of extruded polystyrene foam slats, measured as creep at a deformation of less than 2% after 50 years, is preferably greater than 150 kPa, measured according to UNE EN 1606: 2013.

Preferably, the extruded polystyrene foam slats have a deformation under load and

50 temperature of 70 ºC measured according to the UNE EN 1605: 2013 standard equal to or less than 5%. Foams with this property show very high dimensional stability for long term under loads, which is very desirable for the intended application.

An important advantage when using extruded polystyrene foam slats is that the resistance to

The required compression can be achieved without increasing the density of the foam to very high values, which could increase its weight and make its use economically unfavorable. Thus, the density range of the foam is preferably 20-60 kg / m3, more preferably 25-50 kg / m3. The person skilled in the art knows well how to adjust the density of the foam to the desired value. This relatively low density means that the contribution of the coves to the total weight of the transport assembly is

60 much lower than in the case of wood fiber coves.

The extruded polystyrene foam slats according to preferred ways of carrying out the invention have a long-term water absorption after total immersion for 28 days equal to or less than 0.7% by volume, and more preferably equal to or less. at 0.5% in volume measured according to UNE 65 EN 12087: 2013. This is a critical difference with expanded polystyrene foams, which absorb

Up to 5 times more water in the same conditions. The water penetration resistance of the XPS slats serves as an efficient protection against soil moisture for the bottom plates of the lot.

Resistance to freezing - defrosting (also called ice - thawing) of the slats

The extruded polystyrene foam preferably complies with the FT2 classification according to the UNE EN 12091: 2013 standard, which is equivalent to a water absorption of less than 1% by volume during the application of standardized cycles.

It is widely known in the art how to modify the parameters in the production of foams

10 extruded polystyrene to obtain the ranges of water absorption and ice resistance - thaw reflected in the previous paragraphs.

The preferred shape of the extruded polystyrene foam slats is that of an elongated orthohedron, with four more extensive faces parallel two to two, and two smaller faces at the ends of the slats.

The extruded polystyrene foam slats preferably have a height of 50-90 mm, and more preferably 60-80 mm. The length of the slats preferably corresponds to the width of the batch of stacked plates, and is preferably between 600-1400 mm, more preferably between 1100-1300 mm. The width of the slats preferably varies between 30-70 mm, more preferably between 40-60 mm.

The inventors have found that when the cleats comprise XPS extruded polystyrene foam slats with compression strain at 10% deformation as required in the claims, particularly when all the cleats comprise these slats, the number of cleats can be significantly reduced necessary to support the weight of the batch of stacked plates, compared to the case in

25 that the slats were of EPS expanded polystyrene foam, in which such levels of compressive strength are not possible. This is particularly significant, considering that the lots can be stacked up to 12 heights, which means that the lower set coves have to support a total weight that can reach 12 or even 14 tons.

Preferably, the cleats comprise extruded polystyrene foam slats with a compression strain at 10% deformation equal to or greater than 500 kPa, and more preferably between 600-800 kPa.

Preferably the plurality of coves, preferably elongated, is distributed along a surface

35 that the batch of plates projects on a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction, the preferable amount of coves being 1.0-2.5 coves per 1 m2 of projected surface, and more preferable 1.6-2.0 .

Preferably, the coves are distributed equidistant along the projected surface, separated at approximately equal distances from each other, and placed in an orientation of their

Length substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stacked plate batch length, that is, the coves have a larger dimension oriented in a direction perpendicular to the larger plate batch dimension.

In particularly preferred forms of the invention, the extruded polystyrene foam slats are

45 free of extrusion skin at least on their upper and lower faces (in reference to the ground), that is, they do not have extrusion skin, and more preferably on all their faces. In this case, for example, during the manufacture of the slats, the somewhat higher density skin that is formed as a result of the same extrusion process on the top and bottom of the XPS extruded continuous plate, is removed by means of milling machines, before being the cut iron to produce the slats.

50 It has been mentioned previously that the preferred shape of the extruded polystyrene foam slats is that of an elongated orthohedron (prism with all rectangular faces), with four more extensive faces parallel two to two, and two smaller faces in the short ends of the slats. Advantageously, the slats preferably have the upper edges of the faces of the shortest cut ends.

55 The upper edges are considered to be those closest to the batch of stacked plates, and further from the surface on which the formed assembly rests. This preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous when the stacked plates are made of laminated plaster between cardboard sheets. These plates are preferably manufactured with their longitudinal edges with a thickness less than the rest of the plate. These edges are therefore more fragile. When stacking the plates in batches, the edges receive much

60 of the pressure of the weight of the upper plates. The reduction of the upper edges of the slats favors that this pressure on the edges is at least partially released, and that the edges of the plate do not deteriorate. The recess can be done by usual machining means, such as milling machines or cutters. The shape of the recess is not in principle limited, and preferably can be in step, in miter, or in an oblique at an angle other than 45 °.

Preferably, the assembly comprises an adhesive between an upper face of the plurality of coves and a lower surface of the lower plate of the batch of stacked plates.

The stacked plate transport and / or storage assembly of the invention can be produced from the

5 as follows: a) select a plurality of coves, preferably elongated, at least one of the cores comprising an extruded polystyrene foam slat with a compression strain of 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa in the direction supported by the plate set weight; b) stack a plurality of plates, one on top of the other and on the plurality of elongated coves, forming a batch forming a batch of plates with a total weight equal to or greater than 500 kg, such that the total weight of the batch

10 of plates be supported by elongated coves. Preferably, the coves are glued on their upper face with an adhesive to the lower surface of the lower plate of the batch of stacked plates.

Brief description of the figures

The included figures are merely intended to facilitate the compression of the invention, and are not limiting thereof. The dimensions are not to scale and the relationships between the actual dimensions of the items shown may vary.

Figure 1 schematically represents a transport and / or storage assembly of stacked plates.

20 Figure 2 shows several sets of storage and / or transport of stacked plates, placed at 7 heights.

Figure 3 schematically represents a cove (4) whose ends are lowered.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The transport and / or storage assembly shown in Figure 1 comprises a plurality of plates (2) (for reasons of clarity only 5 of the 13 plates shown have been marked) which are arranged about

30 others, with their edges aligned, forming a batch (3) of stacked plates. According to the invention, this batch (3) has a total weight of • 500 kg.

In the particular case shown in Figure 1, the batch (3) is supported on 5 elongated coves (4). According to a preferred way of carrying out the invention, all the coves (5) are formed by slats

35 of polystyrene foam with a compression strain at 10% deformation> 400 kPa.

Figure 2 shows several assemblies (1) for the storage and / or transport of stacked plates, placed at 7 heights. In this figure it is observed that the total weight of the 7 assemblies falls on the coves of the lower assembly, which in preferred ways of carrying out the invention are all formed by slats of

40 extruded polystyrene foam with a compression strain at 10% deformation> 400 kPa.

Figure 3 schematically represents a cove (4) formed by a strip of extruded polystyrene foam with a compression strain at 10% deformation> 400 kPa, with an elongated orthopedic shape, where the upper edges (41) of both ends (42) of the ribbon are lowered forming a

A step with a vertical part (or counter-step) perpendicular to the horizontal faces of the step, according to a preferred way of carrying out the invention.

Claims (11)

1. A set (1) of transport and / or storage of stacked plates, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of plates (2) arranged on top of each other, forming a batch (3) of stacked plates, and a plurality of coves (4) arranged under the batch (3) of plates, supporting their total weight, wherein the batch (3) of stacked plates has a total weight equal to or greater than 500 kg, at least one cove (4) of the plurality of coves (4) comprises an extruded polystyrene foam slat with a compression strain of 10% deformation greater than 400 kPa in the direction 15 that supports the weight of the plate batch. 2. Assembly (1) of claim 1, characterized in that each cove (4) of the plurality of coves (4) comprises an extruded polystyrene foam slat with a compression strain at 10% deformation> 400 kPa. 3. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compression strain at 10% deformation is equal to or greater than 500 kPa. 4. Assembly (1) of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension of compression at 10% deformation is between 600-800 kPa. 5. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of coves (4) is distributed along a surface that the batch (3) of plates projects on a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction in an amount of 1.0 - 2.5 coves per 1 m2 of 30 projected surface. 6. Assembly (1) of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of coves (4) is distributed equidistant along a surface that the batch (3) of plates projects on a plane perpendicular to the direction stacking and in an orientation of your 35 length substantially perpendicular to the direction of the plate batch length. 7. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extruded polystyrene foam slats have a density of 20-60 kg / m3. Assembly (1) of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extruded polystyrene foam slats have a long-term water absorption after total immersion for 28 days less than or equal to 0.7% by volume. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slats of extruded polystyrene foam are free of extrusion skin. 10. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam slats have separate recesses (41) in the upper edges of the faces of their shorter ends (42). 11. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extruded polystyrene slats have a height of 50-90 mm, a length of 600-1400 mm and a width of 30-70 mm. 12. Assembly (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of plates (2) comprises at least one plasterboard laminated between cardboard sheets. 13. Set (1) of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total weight of the batch (3) of plates is 800-1500 kg.  FIG. one    FIG. 2   FIG. 3