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EP4385580A1 - Dispositif de désenfumage et hotte d'évacuation de fumée - Google Patents

Dispositif de désenfumage et hotte d'évacuation de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4385580A1
EP4385580A1 EP23214635.7A EP23214635A EP4385580A1 EP 4385580 A1 EP4385580 A1 EP 4385580A1 EP 23214635 A EP23214635 A EP 23214635A EP 4385580 A1 EP4385580 A1 EP 4385580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke extraction
smoke
frame
closure element
closure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23214635.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Müller-Otto
Florian Bäuerlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4385580A1 publication Critical patent/EP4385580A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/18—Sliding dampers
    • A62C2/20—Sliding dampers at 90 degrees to the plane of the opening
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/065—Physical fire-barriers having as the main closure device materials, whose characteristics undergo an irreversible change under high temperatures, e.g. intumescent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/24—Operating or controlling mechanisms

Definitions

  • Smoke protection pressure systems are used in areas where no smoke is allowed to penetrate, such as safety stairwells, fire service elevators, locks, corridors and escape tunnels.
  • smoke protection pressure systems are used to keep escape routes free of smoke in vertical and horizontal directions in the event of a fire.
  • escape routes are, for example, internal stairwells.
  • the smoke protection pressure system typically builds up an overpressure in these using a supply air fan, so that smoke is not forced into the stairwell and the stairwell is flushed with fresh outside air.
  • a stairwell is coupled to at least one shaft into which the overpressure can be discharged.
  • Smoke extraction devices are provided between the stairwell and the respective shaft, which are closed smoke-tight when there is no fire and are therefore smoke-free, and are opened in the event of a fire.
  • the smoke extraction shaft is fire-resistant and therefore has fire resistance.
  • a smoke extraction line can also be used instead of the smoke extraction shaft.
  • the smoke protection pressure system or the smoke extraction system thus generates an overpressure or a negative pressure in the smoke extraction shaft or the smoke extraction line, whereby cold and hot smoke from a room located next to the smoke extraction shaft or the smoke extraction line is directed into the smoke extraction shaft or the smoke extraction line.
  • Smoke protection flaps can be used as smoke extraction devices, for example, and when opened, they swing into the room in front of the shaft. In order to guarantee the safe opening of such smoke protection flaps in the event of a fire, a sufficient amount of space must be left in front of the respective smoke protection flap, which limits the effectively usable area in the room used as a living or business space, for example, since the smoke protection flaps can be almost as large as conventional doors.
  • the smoke extraction device described in this publication has a smoke protection flap that is pivoted on a frame and can be pivoted backwards into the shaft so that it is not necessary to leave space in the room in front of the smoke protection flap for it to be opened.
  • the smoke protection flap In a fire- and smoke-free state, the smoke protection flap is latched onto a frame by means of a latch and is thus closed. In the event of a fire, the smoke protection flap opens automatically while other flaps in the extraction shaft are closed.
  • a motor extends a chain from the housing of a drive module, which moves an actuating element against the force of spring elements, which causes a spindle to rotate, which exerts a torque on the latch, thereby opening the smoke protection flap.
  • the smoke protection flap is automatically closed again in the opposite way and the latch finally latches back into place.
  • this smoke extraction system also needs to be equipped with a pinch protection device to prevent accidents when the smoke protection flap closes automatically. This is especially true because the known smoke protection flap cannot be opened manually.
  • Another problem with this smoke extraction system is that the smoke protection flap cannot withstand certain pressure levels because its side edges are pressed into the shaft when subjected to pressure before the smoke protection flap is supposed to open. The known smoke extraction system therefore does not meet the highest requirements that the fire service places on such smoke extraction systems.
  • a shut-off device is described to prevent fire from spreading in a ventilation duct.
  • the shut-off device has a housing that can be inserted into the ventilation duct.
  • An inlet chamber is separated from an outlet chamber by a pivoting fire damper.
  • the fire damper consists of a bottom part of a mineral wool panel and a top part of a plasterboard, each of which is surrounded by a metal casing and between which a metal partition is inserted.
  • the bottom part of the damper is smaller than the top part of the damper, which creates a step on the side of the fire damper.
  • the bottom part of the damper is provided with a thermally foaming seal. A seal is also applied to the step, although this can also be connected to the frame.
  • a smoke protection pressure or smoke extraction system with at least one smoke extraction device and a smoke extraction shaft
  • the smoke extraction device has a smoke extraction opening, a frame running around the smoke extraction opening and a closure device for closing the smoke extraction opening, wherein an inner circumference of the frame and an outer circumference of a closure element of the closure device that fits into the frame have complementary steps, and wherein the closure element moves into the smoke extraction shaft when the closure device is opened, wherein a drive mechanism coupled to the closure element is attached to the frame on a drive side of the smoke extraction device, with which the closure element can be moved away from and towards the smoke extraction opening plane in a direction of travel that runs at a right angle to a smoke extraction opening plane.
  • the closure element thus forms a closure door for opening and closing the smoke extraction opening. To do this, it moves away from and towards the smoke extraction opening plane at a right angle.
  • the smoke extraction opening plane is understood to be an imaginary plane enclosed by the frame on a visible side of the smoke extraction system.
  • the closure element is pulled by the drive mechanism into the smoke extraction shaft adjacent to the room and extending behind the closure element in a direction of movement that runs at right angles to the smoke extraction opening.
  • the direction of movement and thus travel is a pulling direction.
  • the closure element is pushed towards the smoke extraction opening using the drive mechanism.
  • the movement and thus travel direction is a pushing direction.
  • the closure element In both the pull direction and the push direction, i.e. in both directions of travel that differ only in their sign, the closure element is moved in a straight line, with the closure element being aligned parallel to the smoke exhaust opening plane during this movement.
  • the outer circumference of the closure element is designed in such a stepped manner that it fits snugly to the step shape of the inner circumference of the frame.
  • the steps on the outer circumference of the closure element and those on the inner circumference of the frame are offset from one another. This creates an opaque closure so that no gaps between the steps are visible, particularly from a visible side of the smoke extraction system.
  • the closure element preferably closes the smoke extraction opening in such a way that the visible side of the closure element is flush with the visible side of the frame. This creates a clean visible side surface of the smoke extraction device.
  • the transition between the closure element and the frame is also closed when the smoke extraction opening is closed by the closure device. There is therefore no smoke passage opening when the closure device is closed.
  • the closing element is moved away from the frame into the smoke extraction shaft until there is enough space between the closing element and the frame for smoke-containing air to escape through this space into the smoke extraction shaft.
  • the space from which smoke is to be extracted is located on the visible side of the closure element, and the closure element moves into a smoke extraction shaft when the closure device is opened.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the shape of the frame and the matching shape of the closure element are largely variable.
  • the surrounding frame ensures that the smoke extraction system is smoke-tight when closed.
  • At least one seal which automatically foams up when a temperature threshold value is exceeded is arranged perpendicular to the direction of travel and at least one smoke protection seal aligned parallel to the direction of travel is arranged in joints between the steps of the inner circumference of the frame and the outer circumference of the closure element.
  • the at least one smoke protection seal is preferably designed as a sealing lip. It can be made of silicone, for example.
  • the outer circumference of the closure element is connected to the inner circumference of the frame on both sides by at least one vertical scissor rod and at least on its underside by at least one horizontal scissor rod.
  • the vertical scissor rod allows the closure element to move easily and stably in the direction of travel into and back into the smoke extraction shaft.
  • the closure element can be moved back and forth safely in a large number of cycles using the opposing vertically aligned scissor rods without causing any sealing problems at the closure door or causing the closure door to jam.
  • the at least horizontal scissor rod provides additional mechanical stability.
  • the horizontal scissor rod located below also provides fall protection.
  • the scissor rods used in the present invention are preferably each formed from two rods or profiles arranged crosswise and connected in an articulated manner at their intersection point, which rods or profiles consist, for example, of metal or another long-term stable material.
  • the scissor rods are guided in rails formed on the closure element and on the frame.
  • a first end of the cross-shaped, articulated rods or profiles of the respective scissor rod is fixed to one end of the rail, while the other, second end of the cross-shaped, articulated rods or profiles is moved along the rail in the direction of the first end when the scissor rod is extended.
  • the second end is located approximately in the middle of the rail after the scissor rod has been extended.
  • the rails ensure that the scissor rod is held securely and can be moved in a defined manner.
  • the drive mechanism has a chain drive with at least one motor-driven chain that can be extended and retracted perpendicular to the frame.
  • the closure element is coupled to the drive mechanism via a bracket comprising at least two parts, the bracket parts of which are connected by a screw, and a through hole aligned with a screw head of the screw is formed in the frame.
  • This arrangement makes it easy to gain access to the drive mechanism, particularly when the smoke extraction opening is closed, for example to maintain or repair it, without having to activate the smoke extraction system.
  • a drive motor of the drive mechanism is defective, it must be repaired or replaced.
  • a screwdriver can be inserted through the through-hole, the screw head can be grasped using the screwdriver and the screw can be loosened. This releases the bracket parts of the bracket connected by the screw and the locking element can be pushed manually into the smoke extraction shaft from the room side. This creates a gap between the locking element and the frame, which allows access to the drive mechanism, which is preferably attached to the smoke extraction shaft side of the frame.
  • the drive mechanism preferably has at least one drive motor, around which a fire-safe and/or heat-resistant housing up to a predetermined temperature-time load is formed.
  • a predetermined time such as only after 25 minutes after smoke has been detected.
  • the fact that the drive motor of the drive mechanism has the fire-safe and/or heat-resistant housing up to a predetermined temperature-time load means that the drive motor is still fully functional even after the predetermined time during which the drive motor is exposed to hot smoke gases, for example.
  • the smoke extraction system in the present invention only has to function once, namely in the event of a fire, which it does with a high degree of reliability. If, in the event of such a fire, the smoke extraction system is located on the fire floor, the closure device opens, but must remain open, while at the same time the smoke extraction systems located on other floors of the burning building and also connected to the smoke extraction shaft must close safely and remain closed. Hot gases and/or smoke can thus enter the smoke extraction shaft through the open smoke extraction system on the fire floor, where they can flow past the closed smoke extraction systems on the other floors without causing damage. The smoke extraction system is therefore exposed to fire both on the fire floor on its visible side and on the other floors on its drive side facing the smoke extraction shaft.
  • the gypsum fiber plate therefore releases moisture in the event of a fire and thereby cools the smoke extraction device.
  • the closure element can be provided with a weight of ⁇ 80 kg, which is only about half the weight of the closure element of known smoke extraction devices.
  • the closure element and/or the frame can also be made only of gypsum fibreboard, for example of two gypsum fibreboards placed one above the other.
  • a decorative surface can be formed on the gypsum fibreboard on the visible side of the smoke extraction system.
  • the smoke extraction system is a safety-relevant As it is a piece of furniture, it can fit well into the ambience of a room without immediately being seen as a technical piece of furniture.
  • the gypsum fibreboard, including the decorative surface is preferably a class A2 building material, i.e. non-flammable.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a smoke extraction device 1 in a front view, i.e. from a room 15, in a closed state.
  • the smoke extraction device 1 is part of a smoke protection pressure or smoke extraction system.
  • This smoke protection pressure or smoke extraction system also includes a smoke extraction shaft 11.
  • the smoke extraction device 1 is located on one floor of a building.
  • Other smoke extraction devices can be installed on other floors of the building, which are designed the same or similar to the smoke extraction device 1.
  • the respective smoke extraction devices are controlled by a control unit of the They are coupled to a smoke protection pressure or smoke extraction system, through which they can be opened and/or closed or kept closed.
  • the smoke extraction device 1 is installed in a wall 10 of the room 15 and is flush with the wall 10 on its visible side. From the visible side shown, one can see a surface of a frame 2 and a surface of a closure element 4 of the smoke extraction device 1 enclosed by the frame 2. Joints 30 between the frame 2 and the closure element 4 are sealed smoke-tight.
  • the closure element 4 is designed as a rectangular plate composite. However, in other embodiments of the invention, the closure element 4 can also have a different shape, for example be round or have more than four corners.
  • the closure element 4 closes in the illustration of Figure 1 one in Figure 2 open smoke exhaust opening 12 of the smoke extraction system 1.
  • a decoration (not shown here) can be formed on a surface of the closure element 4 facing the room 15, which can be adapted, for example, to a surface decoration of the wall 10, so that the smoke extraction device 1 is hardly noticeable in the wall 10.
  • FIG 2 The smoke extraction device 1 is shown in a sectional side view in an open state.
  • the closure element 4 is in the smoke extraction shaft 11 located next to room 15.
  • the closure element 4 is in the embodiment shown of a front closure plate 41, the front side of which in the front view of Figure 1 can be seen, and a back closure plate 42.
  • the front closure plate 41 is smaller in terms of its area than the back closure plate 42, so that at least one step is formed on an outer circumference 40 of the closure element 4. In the embodiment shown, two steps are formed on the outer circumference 40 of the closure element 4.
  • the closure element 4 can also be made from a piece of material with a stepped outer circumference 40.
  • the front closure panel 41 is a gypsum fiberboard and the back closure panel 42 is a calcium silicate board.
  • the back closure panel 42 may also be a gypsum fiberboard.
  • the frame 2 surrounding the closure element 4 is formed from a rectangular front frame element 21 and a back frame element 22, which are connected to one another.
  • the frame 2 can have dimensions of up to 2m x 1m, but can also be smaller.
  • At least one step is formed on an inner circumference 20 of the frame 2, which is complementary to the at least one step formed on the outer circumference 40 of the closure element 4.
  • the frame 2 can also be made from a piece of material with a stepped inner circumference 20.
  • At least one seal 31 which foams up automatically when a temperature threshold is exceeded is arranged in at least one of the joints 30 between the steps of the inner circumference 20 of the frame 2 and the outer circumference 40 of the closure element 4.
  • This at least one seal 31 which foams up automatically when a temperature threshold is exceeded is arranged perpendicular to the travel direction V.
  • the seal 31, which automatically foams when a temperature threshold is exceeded is located between a rear side of the front frame element 21 and a front side of the back closure plate 42, which overlap each other.
  • At least one smoke protection seal 32 is arranged in at least one of the joints 30 between the steps of the inner circumference 20 of the frame 2 and the outer circumference 40 of the closure element 4.
  • the smoke protection seal 32 is a silicone seal in the embodiment shown.
  • the at least one smoke protection seal 32 is arranged aligned parallel to the direction of travel V. In the embodiment shown, the smoke protection seal 32 is located, as shown in Figure 3 can be seen, between an inner edge of the back frame element 22 of the frame 2 and an outer edge of the back closure plate 42 of the closure element 4.
  • the closure element 4 is a component of a closure device 3 of the smoke extraction device 1.
  • the closure device 3 also has scissor rods 5, 6 in the embodiment shown. With the scissor rods 5, 6, the closure element 4 can be moved in a travel direction V from a Figure 1 shown position, in which a visible surface of the closure element 4 is flush with a wall surface of the wall 10, into a Figure 2 shown position, in which the closure element 4 is located in the smoke extraction shaft 11.
  • a travel path of the closure element 4 in the travel direction V is a maximum of 30 cm.
  • two vertical scissor rods 5, 5' each mounted laterally on the closure element 4, a horizontal scissor rod 6 mounted on a lower side of the closure element 4 and a horizontal scissor rod 6' mounted on a top side of the closure element 4 are used as scissor rods 5, 6.
  • the horizontal scissor rod mounted on the top side of the closure element 4 Scissor linkage 6 ⁇ may also be omitted in other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the horizontal scissor linkage 6 mounted on the underside of the closure element 4 is particularly Figure 6 can be clearly seen, in which the smoke extraction device 1 is shown in a sectional view from below in the open state. In Figure 7 you can also see the smoke extraction device 1 from below, but in the closed state.
  • the vertical scissor rods 5, 5' each have two rods or profiles 51, 52 arranged crosswise and connected centrally via a joint 53.
  • the horizontal scissor rods 6, 6' each have two rods or profiles 61, 62 arranged crosswise and connected centrally via a joint 63.
  • the scissor rods 5, 5 ⁇ , 6, 6' are each guided in rails 54, 55 and 64, 65.
  • the rails 54, 55 and 64, 65 are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • a first end 511, 521 or 611, 621 of the rods or profiles of the scissor rods 5, 6 is firmly mounted on a first end of the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65, while a second end 512, 522 or 612, 622 of the rods or profiles of the scissor rods 5, 6 can be moved in the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65.
  • the respective second end 512, 522 or 612, 622 of the rods or profiles of the scissor linkages 5, 6 is located at a second end of the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65 when the locking device 3 is closed and is arranged in a central region of the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65 when the locking element 4 is extended.
  • the horizontal scissor rod 6 located below when the closure device 3 is extended, spans approximately half of the area between the closure element 4 and the open smoke extraction opening 12 and thereby forms a fall protection.
  • the unprotected open area between the closure element 4 and the open smoke extraction opening 12, located next to the extended horizontal scissor rod 6, is typically so low that a person cannot fall through, i.e. into the downwardly extending smoke extraction shaft 11.
  • the closure element 4 is connected to a drive mechanism with which it can be moved in the travel direction V.
  • the closure element 4 is connected on both sides to a drive of the drive mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism can have only a single drive on one side of the closure device 3, the effect of which is distributed mechanically and/or electrically between both sides of the closure device 3.
  • the drive mechanism has a chain drive 7 on both sides of the closure element 4, each of which is operated by a drive motor 8.
  • the two drive motors 8 run synchronously.
  • both chain drives 7 can also be operated by just one drive motor 8.
  • the respective drive motor 8 is preferably an electric motor. The selection of the power of the respective drive motor 8 depends on the respective pressure level of the smoke extraction device 1.
  • the respective motor 8 is surrounded by a housing 80.
  • the housing 80 is fireproof and/or heat-resistant up to a predetermined temperature-time load.
  • the housing 80 consists of interconnected gypsum fiberboard.
  • the housing 80 forms an encapsulation around the respective motor 8, which makes it possible for the smoke extraction device 1 to be manually triggered by the fire brigade, for example, only 25 minutes after the outbreak of a fire and even then the motor is still fully functional for at least 60 seconds, during which the closure element 4 is extended. Alternatively, the smoke extraction device 1 can also be triggered automatically.
  • the housing 80 is connected to the frame 2 on the drive side of the smoke extraction device 1. An inner chain end piece of the chain drive 7 is inserted into the housing 80.
  • the locking element 3 is connected to the drive mechanism, here specifically to an outer chain end piece of the chain drive 7, on both sides via a bracket 9.
  • the bracket 9 is designed as a Z-angle.
  • the respective bracket 9 has two bracket parts 91, 92, which are connected by means of a screw 93.
  • Through holes 23 are formed in the frame 2 on an upper side and on a lower side of the frame, through which screw heads 94 of the screws 93 can be grasped and rotated using a screwdriver when the locking device 3 is closed.
  • This allows the screw connection between the bracket parts 91, 92 to be manually loosened, whereby the locking element 4 can be manually pushed into the smoke extraction shaft 11.
  • the fire-resistant housing 80 can be opened for replacement.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
EP23214635.7A 2022-12-14 2023-12-06 Dispositif de désenfumage et hotte d'évacuation de fumée Pending EP4385580A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022133291.8A DE102022133291A1 (de) 2022-12-14 2022-12-14 Entrauchungseinrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4385580A1 true EP4385580A1 (fr) 2024-06-19

Family

ID=89122145

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23214635.7A Pending EP4385580A1 (fr) 2022-12-14 2023-12-06 Dispositif de désenfumage et hotte d'évacuation de fumée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4385580A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022133291A1 (fr)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH153737A (de) 1931-03-20 1932-04-15 Ebinger Josef Mittelst Scherenhebel parallel verschiebbares Fenster.
JPS52102856U (fr) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-04
DE19705950A1 (de) * 1997-02-17 1998-09-10 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Brandschutzklappe gegen eine Brandübertragung
DE19649126C2 (de) 1996-11-27 1998-10-29 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Absperrvorrichtung gegen eine Brandübertragung
DE10113784A1 (de) 2001-03-21 2002-10-02 Micro Mechatronic Technologies Fenster- oder Türaufbau
US20070056752A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2007-03-15 Goran Sundholm Method and apparatus for reducing the detrimental effects of a fire
EP2385184A1 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 VKR Holding A/S Fenêtre de toit avec entraînement pour un mouvement d'ouverture vertical
US20140065941A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2014-03-06 Daelim Industrial Co., Ltd. Non-directional smoke control damper having chain gear type blade advancing/retreating device
EP2537563B1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2015-10-07 Rf-Technologies nv Obturateur d'évacuation de fumée
DE102018120280A1 (de) 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Martin Reuter xRauchabzugseinrichtung

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH153737A (de) 1931-03-20 1932-04-15 Ebinger Josef Mittelst Scherenhebel parallel verschiebbares Fenster.
JPS52102856U (fr) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-04
DE19649126C2 (de) 1996-11-27 1998-10-29 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Absperrvorrichtung gegen eine Brandübertragung
DE19705950A1 (de) * 1997-02-17 1998-09-10 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Brandschutzklappe gegen eine Brandübertragung
DE10113784A1 (de) 2001-03-21 2002-10-02 Micro Mechatronic Technologies Fenster- oder Türaufbau
US20070056752A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2007-03-15 Goran Sundholm Method and apparatus for reducing the detrimental effects of a fire
EP2385184A1 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 VKR Holding A/S Fenêtre de toit avec entraînement pour un mouvement d'ouverture vertical
EP2537563B1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2015-10-07 Rf-Technologies nv Obturateur d'évacuation de fumée
US20140065941A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2014-03-06 Daelim Industrial Co., Ltd. Non-directional smoke control damper having chain gear type blade advancing/retreating device
DE102018120280A1 (de) 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Martin Reuter xRauchabzugseinrichtung

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