EP4262903A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines medikamententrägers, medikamententräger, materialsatz und verwendung eines medikamententrägers - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines medikamententrägers, medikamententräger, materialsatz und verwendung eines medikamententrägersInfo
- Publication number
- EP4262903A1 EP4262903A1 EP22702418.9A EP22702418A EP4262903A1 EP 4262903 A1 EP4262903 A1 EP 4262903A1 EP 22702418 A EP22702418 A EP 22702418A EP 4262903 A1 EP4262903 A1 EP 4262903A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bone
- pectin
- drug carrier
- hydroxyapatite
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- RDEIXVOBVLKYNT-VQBXQJRRSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-[(1s,2s,3r,4s,6r)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(1-aminoethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;(2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-[(1s,2s,3r,4s,6r)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]o Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC[C@@H](CN)O2)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N.O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC[C@H](O2)C(C)N)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N.O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N RDEIXVOBVLKYNT-VQBXQJRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-YMDCURPLSA-N D-galactopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-YMDCURPLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940030225 antihemorrhagics Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CGMRCMMOCQYHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium hydroxide phosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca++].[Ca++].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CGMRCMMOCQYHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
- A61L27/46—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/12—Nanosized materials, e.g. nanofibres, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes; Nanostructured surfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a medicament carrier, a medicament carrier produced accordingly, a set of materials and a use of such a medicament carrier for the treatment of bone diseases.
- the present invention relates to the technical field of medical technology, specifically regenerative medicine, in particular bone formation or the treatment of bone diseases.
- the treatment of gum bone pockets is a major problem in dentistry, especially in periodontology. All previous bone replacement materials have a tendency to crumble out of the gum bone pockets. In addition to bone transplantation, a large number of biological and synthetic bone replacement materials are available for the therapy of bony defects. Natural materials exist on the basis of animals, such as cattle or pigs, which, in addition to religious or ethical problems, also harbors the risk of disease transmission. Coral-based material does not have a sufficiently similar structure and chemistry to human bone for the material to function reliably.
- calcium phosphates dominate, in particular hydroxyapatite (HA) and ß-tricalcium phosphate (ßTCP) and combinations thereof.
- the conventional hydroxyapatite (HA) is sintered in its manufacture.
- the sintering of the hydroxyapatite at high temperatures up to approx. 1200 °C leads to a body with a dense structure and low porosity. These pores are not interconnecting and have sizes in the micron range only. Smaller pores in the nanometer range do not occur.
- the sintered hydroxyapatite body is not degraded or only degraded extremely slowly. It is therefore not optimally suited for the therapy of bony defects, since it is still detected in the body years later.
- ß-tricalcium phosphate was introduced into clinical use as an alternative to hydroxyapatite. This material dissolves at a physiological pH and thus, theoretically, disappears from the bone defect.
- the introduced calcium and phosphate ions are excreted via the kidneys and are therefore not incorporated into the defect. Due to this unphysiological degradation path of the biomaterial, the rate of degradation cannot be predicted with certainty and new bone formation is massively disrupted. Due to the inflammatory reaction, the material also does not bind to the surrounding bone tissue. Therefore, ßTCP is also not optimally suited for the therapy of bone defects.
- this material Due to the fixation of the individual HA particles in the nanometer range with silicon oxide, this material (Nanobone®) is available as granules. Because of its powdery consistency, this material is not safely localized and is flushed out when used in the oral cavity or in the maxillary sinus and then leads to failure.
- unsintered HA with a particle size in the nanometer range leads to safe ossification of bone defects of critical size if this material can be safely introduced into the bone defect.
- Calcium salts are usually composites of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate (eg Herafill®; Heareus Medical). However, since bone is made of hydroxyapatite, the calcium sulfate/calcium carbonate approach is unphysiological and the reaction of this material is unpredictable.
- non-resorbable carrier materials are used.
- the main disadvantage here is the always necessary second intervention to remove the carrier system.
- the non-resorbable carrier used most frequently by patients is the so-called PMMA chain or PMMA pearl chain (cf. Sachweh et al., "Gentamicin-PMMA chains for problem wounds in soft tissue surgery”Langenbeck's archive for surgery; 366, 1; 697 (1985)).
- the polymethyl methacrylate is formed into small balls that are strung on a surgical wire.
- PMMA fixation cements can also contain antibiotic additives. These cements are often used in endoprosthetics to fix artificial hip joints, for example.
- This bone cement is mixed immediately before it is introduced into the bone defect and then sets in an exothermic reaction in the patient's body. Temperatures of up to 70 °C develop in the wound area. Furthermore, toxic substances are released during the setting process, so that increased morbidity and mortality can occur (cf. C. Gaik et al., "Bone cement implantation syndrome - pathophysiology, diagnostics & treatment options", Anesth Intensivmed 2019;60: 124-133).
- PMMA polymethyl acrylate
- PMMA-based drug carrier systems are currently used in the therapy of infected bones.
- An example is the gentamycin-PMMA chain Septopal® from Biomet.
- the disadvantage of PMMA-based drug carrier systems is the need for a second intervention to surgically remove the PMMA chain.
- Another disadvantage of this carrier system is the lack of stabilization of bone defects.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a medicament carrier and a method for its manufacture which is suitable for use in the treatment of bone diseases and which avoids the disadvantages of the materials described above.
- a method for producing a drug carrier with the following steps: a) producing a granular mixture by mixing unsintered hydroxyapatite with a particle size of less than 500 nm, in particular 60 nm to 200 nm, and a pectin on the one hand and an aqueous one Suspension of a water-soluble drug on the other hand, b) preparing a mass by adding the suspension to the granular mixture in the ratio of 10 to 70% by volume of suspension to 90 to 30% by volume of mixture, in particular in the ratio of 50% by volume to 50% by volume .-%, c) forms the drug carrier from the mass, while this gels in a chelate complex of the pectin and the hydroxyapatite.
- the hydroxyapatite and the pectin are each prepared as dry granules and the granules are mixed together to form a dry granulate mixture.
- the aqueous suspension which has also already been prepared and contains the desired drug, is then added to the dry granulate mixture.
- the mass produced in this way gels or solidifies in a chelate complex of the pectin macromolecules to form a highly porous drug carrier whose pores are filled with the aqueous suspension of the drug or drugs.
- pectin molecules are very large, as hydrocolloids they are easily soluble in only a small amount of water due to the free carboxylic acid groups of the galacturonic acid building blocks.
- the acid groups dissociate in aqueous solution. This creates anionic acid residues that are evenly distributed throughout the macromolecule.
- the negative charge ensures that the pectin molecules repel each other electrostatically.
- hydration shells form around these charge carriers, which additionally prevent the molecules from approaching each other.
- This barrier must be overcome for gelling, which in the case according to the invention is achieved by chelate complexation with polyvalent cations of the hydroxyapatite, so that a gel is formed in which the polyvalent cations hold the pectin chains together in a three-dimensional network and in this way also the hydroxyapatite granules stabilize.
- Insertion into the bone wound or affected area occurs shortly after adding the suspension to the granules im still malleable state before completion of the chelate complexation.
- the drug carrier produced in this way connects to the calcium in the surrounding bone through a coordinate bond. This achieves a secure fixation of the biomaterial in the wound area.
- the setting process thus begins outside the human body and ends in the bone defect.
- the type of binding via chelate complexation leads to the material sticking to the bone bed so that it remains securely in the bone defect.
- the chelate complexation takes place in the neutral environment of the aqueous solution and is isothermic, i.e. without changing the temperature. No harmful substances are released either, so the patient's bone tissue is not damaged as a result.
- the complete production of the bone substitute material also takes place outside of the bone defect. It is therefore no longer possible for the material to "stick" to the edge of the bone defect.
- the setting reaction (chelate reaction) in the method according to the invention is terminated in the defect area. This is possible because the chelate reaction is not exothermic, i.e. does not give off heat, and does not result in the elimination of toxic substances.
- a coordinative connection to the calcium of the surrounding bone defect edge occurs and thus a secure stabilization in the bone defect.
- the bone replacement material that can be produced according to the invention is plastic, so that it can be adapted by the operator to the individual defect situation. Among other things, it can be introduced into a defect in a minimally invasive manner via a cannula or a syringe, e.g Filling of gum bone pockets. In addition, lesions in the tooth enamel area, such as the onset of caries, can be treated symptomatically for the first time.
- the material is highly porous with interconnecting pores and can also be introduced into infected bone pockets by adding antibiotics, for example.
- pectins or pectin-containing substances can be used as pectins.
- apple pectin, citrus pectin and/or agaropectin in agar is used as the pectin.
- Agar or agar agar contains approx. 30% agaropectin.
- the invention is not limited to this, other pectins can also be used within the scope of the invention.
- the hydroxyapatite is mixed with the pectin (solid component) in a ratio of 95 vol.% to 50 vol.% hydroxyapatite to 5 vol.% to 50 vol.% pectin, in particular 80 vol. -% hydroxyapatite to 20% by volume pectin.
- the mixing ratio can be adjusted according to the application. A larger value of the ratio gives a denser support, a smaller value increases porosity.
- Usable mixing ratios of hydroxyapatite to pectin on the one hand and ratios of suspension to granulate on the other hand can easily be determined by experiments. Thus, if relatively more suspension is used, it can be beneficial to simultaneously increase the relative amount of pectin to hydroxyapatite in the granules in order to achieve stabilizing gelation.
- the mixing of the hydroxyapatite with the pectin takes place with constant stirring, in particular at a temperature of up to 80° C., in particular in Temperature range from 15 °C to 25 °C, and/or at a production pressure of 50 kPa to 1000 kPa, in particular between 100 kPa and 200 kPa.
- Production at or around room temperature is particularly efficient because it requires no special heating or cooling devices.
- the reaction may proceed more quickly, with a limit where the organic components and the drugs degrade. Similar considerations apply to the pressure at which the granules are made.
- the optimal pressure can depend on the specific mixing ratio of hydroxyapatite to pectin and can be found out in a short series of tests. A higher proportion of pectin in the granulate mixture may require a higher pressure than a lower proportion to achieve the desired end product structure.
- the aqueous suspension is preferably prepared on the basis of aqua ad iniectabilia, a physiological saline solution or a patient's blood.
- Aqua ad iniectabilia (“water for injection purposes") is water of particularly pure quality, which is produced, stored and used according to recognized pharmaceutical rules, for example according to the European Pharmacopoeia or the German Pharmacopoeia.
- Physiological saline solutions or previously taken blood or blood plasma from a patient can also be used as a solvent for some drugs.
- one or more antibiotics and/or cytostatics is or are introduced into the suspension as a medicinal product.
- the mass of the drug carrier advantageously has a pH of 6 to 8, in particular 7, during the chelate complexing. This ensures that the surrounding bone tissue is not attacked by an excessively acidic or basic environment of the drug carrier.
- the chelate complexation of the hydroxyapatite with the pectin in the aqueous suspension is accordingly neutral.
- the mixing of the suspension with the mixture in process step c) is advantageously carried out extracorporeally, in particular the gelling of the mass of the drug carrier by chelate complexing in process step d) partly extracorporeally and partly intracorporeally after introduction of the mass or part of the mass into a damaged area in a bone is done.
- the granules are first placed extracorporeally in a mixing container, for example a sterile dish or bowl, and then the suspension is added. Constant stirring of the suspension with the granules in the mixing container creates a homogeneous spreadable or flowable paste. This pasty material is then introduced into the bone defect, for example within 10 minutes, and hardens further there.
- the bone defect should be surgically dry and free of uncontrolled bleeding.
- the material preferably fills the entire bone defect and is flush with the outer cortex of the bone. A slight overmodeling of the introduced bone replacement material is possible.
- the material is sufficiently stable after 10 minutes so that the defect area can be closed by the surrounding soft tissue. Additional stabilization with a membrane or a titanium mesh, for example, is possible. Cooling measures during the setting process in the bone defect are not necessary since no heat is generated during the chelating reaction of the setting process.
- the paste which is still flowable, can be used with be introduced with a syringe.
- the dry mixture and the aqueous suspension in method step a) are first produced separately and pre-portioned, sterile and hermetically packaged, and the mass is produced in method step b) only later, immediately before use, after the mixture and the suspension have been unpacked became.
- the solid and liquid components can be manufactured and sold as separate parts of a set of materials, ready-made so that the only thing left to do in the doctor's office is to add the suspension to the granules and stir, usually by a doctor's assistant, or by the attending physician himself.
- a drug carrier for the treatment of bone diseases or bone injuries that can be treated with drugs, can be produced or produced in a previously described method according to the invention, with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and a pectin stabilized by an aqueous suspension of at least one water-soluble drug, which after its solidification has a pore structure filled with the aqueous suspension of the at least one medicament.
- the medicament carrier produced or producible according to the method according to the invention realizes the same advantages, properties and features as the method described above.
- the pore structure has a volume fraction of 60% or more interconnecting pores.
- This is a highly porous body, the lumen of which contains the aqueous suspension of the chosen drug and delivers it to the surrounding bone tissue can.
- the interconnecting pore system also serves to conduct osteoblasts and osteoclasts and as a structure into which newly forming bone material can grow.
- the pore structure preferably has nanopores with pore sizes in the nanometer range, micropores in the lower micrometer range and macropores in the upper micrometer to millimeter range.
- the nanometer range covers the range from 1 nm to about 1000 nm, the micropores the range between about 1 pm to about 500 pm and the macropores the range between about 500 pm to about 2 mm. This means that the pore sizes have a very large spread and cover several orders of magnitude from the nanometer range to at least the upper micrometer range, in particular up to the millimeter range. This covers a wide range of pore functions.
- the nanopores passively absorb the tissue fluid from the implant site, i.e.
- the surrounding bone tissue through capillary suction and allow proteins to attach to the unsintered hydroxyapatite particles via van der Waals forces.
- the osteoclasts reach the unsintered hydroxyapatite via the micropores and biodegrade it.
- the micropores allow the entry and passage of cells and are responsible for the osteoconduction of the biomaterial.
- the macropores allow vessels to grow into the porous material of the drug carrier.
- the medicament carrier can also be produced as an individualized three-dimensional shaped body.
- the Shape of a cavity or bone damage are detected and the drug carrier are made in the appropriate form and are used after its hardening in the implant site.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a set of materials for producing a drug carrier as described above, comprising a pre-portioned granular mixture of unsintered hydroxyapatite with a particle size of less than 500 nm, in particular 60 nm to 200 nm, produced according to method step a) of claim 1 , and a pectin, and a pre-portioned and according to process step a) of claim 1 prepared aqueous suspension of a water-soluble drug.
- This set of materials can either be manufactured by a manufacturer of bone replacement materials or by a pharmaceutical company and then delivered to clinics or medical practices in ready-made form.
- the set of materials also fulfills the advantages, properties and features of the medicament carrier according to the invention and the method according to the invention.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a previously described drug carrier according to the invention for the treatment of bone diseases or bone injuries that can be treated with drugs, in particular for use in bone wounds or bone defects at risk of infection or already infected or for the therapy of osteomyelitis or osteoporosis.
- the material carrier fills a Bone void with a biocompatible and non-toxic material that delivers drugs directly to where they are needed. Tolerability leads to faster healing and a reduced tendency to develop complications.
- FIG. 1 shows a light microscopic image of a section through a medicament carrier according to the invention magnified 50 times
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM image of a macropore of a medicament carrier according to the invention enlarged 50 times
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM image of a micropore of a drug carrier according to the invention magnified 3,000 times
- 6A shows a section through a bone defect filled with ßTCP
- 6B shows a section through a bone defect filled with low-temperature hydroxylapatite
- FIG. 7 shows a section through a bone defect filled with a mixture of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% ßTCP with a local inflammatory reaction
- FIG. 8B shows a section through a bone defect filled with 100% unsintered hydroxyapatite with physiological degradation.
- Granules of hydroxyapatite and pectin are placed in a sterile bowl or bowl, for example, immediately before use. Then the suspension with the medicine is added. The suspension is made according to the specifications of the respective drug manufacturer or a ready-made liquid presentation from the drug manufacturer is used. Constant stirring of the suspension with the granules in a sterile container creates a homogeneous, spreadable paste. This pasty mass is then introduced into the bone defect within 10 minutes. The bone defect should be surgically dry and free of uncontrolled bleeding. The material is sized to fill the entire bony defect and is flush with the outer cortex of the bone.
- a slight overmodeling of the introduced bone replacement material is possible.
- the material is sufficiently stable after 10 minutes so that the defect area can be closed by the surrounding soft tissue. Additional stabilization with a membrane or a titanium mesh, for example, is possible. Cooling measures during the setting process in the bone defect are not necessary because no heat is generated during the chelate complexing of the setting process.
- the granules are first placed in a sterile dish or bowl. Then the suspension with the medicine is added.
- the suspension is prepared according to the specifications of the respective drug manufacturer or used as a pre-made liquid presentation from the drug manufacturer.
- the ratio of granulate to suspension is, for example, 1 part by volume to 2 parts by volume. A different mixing ratio is possible in individual cases.
- the chelate complexing results in a highly porous hydroxylapatite-pectin drug carrier according to the invention, which enables safe application of the selected drug in the target area, for example bones at risk of infection or bones that are already infected or bone defects.
- Such a drug carrier is shown in cross section in FIG. 1 under the light microscope.
- the drug carrier according to the invention is based on a mixture of 80% by volume hydroxyapatite and 20% by volume apple pectin, to which aqua ad iniectabilia was added in a ratio of 50% by volume to 50% by volume. It has a total porosity of >75% by volume and has a structure of interconnecting pores in the nanometer range (nanopores), in the lower micrometer range (micropores) and in the upper micrometer to millimeter range (macropores), as shown in FIGS shown with increasing magnification. The porosity was calculated along the horizontal lines.
- the interconnectivity of the pores results from the chelate complexation in the liquid medium, in the exemplary embodiment shown at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (approx. 100 kPa).
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment. Rather, similar results are also achieved with other mixing ratios, pectins and manufacturing parameters within the limits described.
- Macropores are clearly visible in Fig. 2 under 50x magnification. to. These provide space for blood vessels to grow and anchor themselves.
- the nanopores shown in FIG. 4 with a magnification of 10,000x passively absorb the tissue fluid of the implant site through capillary suction and allow proteins to attach to the unsintered hydroxyapatite particles via van der Waals' forces. This creates an osteoinductive property of the new bone grafting material.
- there is a cytotactic stimulus for the osteoclasts which reach the unsintered hydroxyapatite via the micropores shown in FIG. 3 under 3,000-fold magnification and biodegrade it.
- the micropores are therefore responsible for the osteoconduction of the drug carrier according to the invention.
- Pectin preferably apple pectin
- the production temperature is preferably in the range of 15°C to 25°C and the production pressure in a range of 50 kPa to 200 kPa. Alternatively, higher temperatures and pressures are possible during manufacture.
- the ratio of the hydroxyapatite-pectin mixture to the aqueous suspension can be freely selected according to the desired mechanical properties. It is preferably in the range of 50% by volume to 50% by volume. Alternatively, other mixing ratios are possible.
- the result is a bone grafting material that is clinically easy to process and remains stable in the defect.
- the easy-to-implement process and its end product are of interest to manufacturers of bone replacement materials and pharmaceuticals, as well as to users in bone medicine.
- Figure 5 shows an SEM image of sintered 100% hydroxyapatite. It is an almost completely dense sintered material with only a few pores in the micrometer range that are not interconnected. Due to its lack of porosity, this material is not suitable as a drug carrier and cannot form a bond with the surrounding bone tissue of a bone defect.
- FIG. 6A shows a section through a bone defect filled with ßTCP.
- the deposits shown dark are ßTCP particles 10 surrounded by a leukocyte wall 12, which is part of an inflammatory reaction and thus non-physiological degradation. This results in only incomplete bone formation.
- FIG. 6B shows a section through a bone defect filled with a mixture of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% ßTCP with a local inflammatory reaction.
- the particles 10 from the mixture appear dark and are surrounded by lighter bone material 15 .
- a leukocyte infiltration 20 runs into this, which can be seen as a darker area in the surrounding bone material 15 .
- This leukocyte infiltration 20 is part of an inflammatory reaction that unphysiologically degrades the mixture and disrupts new bone formation.
- FIG. 8A shows a section through a bone defect filled with 100% unsintered hydroxyapatite, in which HA particles again appear dark. There is no leukocyte infiltration.
- FIG. 8B also shows a section through a bone defect filled with 100% unsintered hydroxyapatite, the physiological degradation by osteoclasts 21 being visible in this case.
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DE102021101379.8A DE102021101379A1 (de) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Medikamententrägers, Medikamententräger, Materialsatz und Verwendung eines Medikamententrägers |
PCT/EP2022/051014 WO2022157148A1 (de) | 2021-01-22 | 2022-01-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines medikamententrägers, medikamententräger, materialsatz und verwendung eines medikamententrägers |
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DE19825419C2 (de) | 1998-06-06 | 2002-09-19 | Gerber Thomas | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hochporösen Knochenersatzmaterials sowie dessen Verwendung |
DE10338634A1 (de) | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-17 | Artoss Gmbh | Anorganisches resorbierbares Knochenersatzmaterial mit variabler mechanischer Festigkeit und Formkörper aus diesem Material |
ITVR20100140A1 (it) | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-14 | Eurocoating S P A | Materiale composito formato da pectina e da calcio fosfato e metodo per la sua realizzazione |
DE102018007375A1 (de) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-19 | Kai-Olaf Henkel | Zwei-Komponenten-Knochenaufbaumaterial auf Hydroxylapatit-Pektinbasis |
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