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EP4202310B1 - System zur erzeugung von brauchwasser und zur erwärmung in einem niedrigtemperaturwärmenetz - Google Patents

System zur erzeugung von brauchwasser und zur erwärmung in einem niedrigtemperaturwärmenetz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4202310B1
EP4202310B1 EP22215121.9A EP22215121A EP4202310B1 EP 4202310 B1 EP4202310 B1 EP 4202310B1 EP 22215121 A EP22215121 A EP 22215121A EP 4202310 B1 EP4202310 B1 EP 4202310B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer fluid
heat exchanger
heat
hot water
heating
Prior art date
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Application number
EP22215121.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4202310A1 (de
Inventor
Hélène DEMASLES
Christian Tantolin
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F24D10/003—Domestic delivery stations having a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/001—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses district heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/13—Heat from a district heating network
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of domestic hot water and heating production systems.
  • the present invention will find its application more particularly in an advantageously carbon-free and low-temperature heat network to provide an improved substation architecture.
  • a district heat network is a set of installations which produce and distribute heat to several buildings for heating and/or domestic hot water.
  • a heat network includes a heat production unit and a primary distribution network of pipes transporting the heat and distributing it to substations, also called user delivery stations.
  • the primary distribution network is made up of pipes in which heat is transported by a heat transfer fluid from the heat production unit to the exchange substation.
  • a forward circuit transports the hot heat transfer fluid from the production unit.
  • a return circuit brings back the heat transfer fluid, which has released its calories at the exchange substation. The fluid is then heated again by the heat production unit and then returned to the circuit.
  • the exchange substations conventionally arranged at the foot of buildings, conventionally comprise at least one heat exchanger which allows the transfer of heat between the primary distribution network and the distribution network of the building or subgroup of building .
  • Heating networks are developing more and more and are starting to become well established with various heat sources, particularly from waste heat. Heating networks enable the supply of heat for heating and domestic hot water.
  • One of the problems of heating networks concerns the rational management of energy, in particular by limiting power demands and controlling the return temperature of the heat transfer fluid. Indeed, a return temperature of the heat transfer fluid that is too high is detrimental to the efficiency of the heat production unit. A high return temperature also leads to high fluid flow rates (for the same power exchanged) and therefore to increasing the electrical consumption of the circulation pumps and therefore reducing the overall efficiency of the system.
  • a known technical solution consists of using on the primary circuit a storage tank for the heat transfer fluid which is stratified in temperature.
  • this type of storage makes it possible to smooth out power demands by drawing heat from its upper part and it makes it possible to lower the network return temperature as much as possible by drawing cold stored in its lower part.
  • State-of-the-art systems also provide a return exchanger which serves to maintain the temperature of the domestic hot water at a target temperature, for example 60°C, when there is no draw. domestic hot water.
  • a domestic hot water heating system comprising a primary circuit with a fluid inlet and return, a storage tank, a secondary domestic hot water circuit with a cold water inlet and a DHW draw point , a secondary heating circuit, a looping circuit, a domestic hot water heat exchanger, a looping heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger.
  • EP 2 187 135 A2 which describes a thermal transmission station with a cascade.
  • the station includes a primary circuit and three heat exchangers, including a DHW exchanger with a cold water inlet and a DHW outlet, the DHW outlet circulates in an exchanger before exiting through the return, and an exchanger of heating.
  • the present invention makes it possible to limit power demands on the network by the simultaneous use of a storage tank and series connection of the looping circuit and the heating circuit.
  • the thermal energy remaining at the output of the looping circuit is used in the heating circuit without requiring a call or by limiting the power call on the network.
  • placing the loop exchanger and the heating exchanger in series advantageously makes it possible to reduce the return temperature of the heat transfer fluid into the network, thus promoting the production of heat upstream of the network. This arrangement also makes it possible to reduce the heat transfer fluid flow rates for the same power exchanged.
  • the system according to the invention also allows, with the paralleling of the domestic hot water heat exchanger and the heating exchanger to have a low temperature at the outlet of the domestic hot water heat exchanger and therefore to have effective cold storage in the storage tank or a reduced heat transfer fluid temperature in network return.
  • putting the loop exchanger and the domestic hot water heat exchanger in parallel allows the system to operate at low temperatures.
  • the system according to the invention has the great advantage of being able to operate over a network temperature range preferably between 63 and 110°C.
  • Another aspect concerns a process for producing domestic hot water and/or heating by a system as described above comprising in a winter configuration, the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the loop heat exchanger towards the inlet of the heating heat exchanger.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 comprises an inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 32 and an outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 33 fluidly connected to an inlet of the heating heat exchanger 23.
  • the primary circuit comprises a fluidic connection between the heat transfer fluid outlet of the loop heat exchanger and the heat transfer fluid inlet of the heating heat exchanger.
  • the heating heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the loop heat exchanger.
  • the primary circuit 1 comprises a supply 102 of the heating heat exchanger 22 configured to fluidly connect the hot heat transfer inlet 2 and the heat transfer fluid inlet 23 of the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the primary circuit 1 comprises a variable speed pump 7 arranged upstream of the entry of the hot heat transfer fluid 14 into the domestic hot water heat exchanger.
  • the variable speed pump makes it possible to circulate the minimum flow of heat transfer fluid in the domestic hot water heat exchanger so that said heat transfer fluid emerges from this exchanger as cooled as possible.
  • This choice of variable speed pump also makes it possible to minimize electricity consumption and increase its lifespan.
  • the primary circuit 1 comprises a complementary storage tank 40 comprising an upper tap 50 fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2, a lower tap 60 fluidly connected to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3 and a complementary upper tap 51 fluidly connected to the cooled heat transfer fluid outlet 33 of the looping heat exchanger.
  • the additional storage tank is arranged on the primary circuit in series with the looping heat exchanger, more precisely downstream of the looping heat exchanger and advantageously in parallel with the heating heat exchanger. This arrangement makes it possible to store the cooled heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the loop exchanger when said heat transfer fluid is not used or possibly not completely used by the heating heat exchanger. This makes it possible to reduce the return temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the network.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and the loopback heat exchanger 31 are arranged in parallel on the primary circuit 1.
  • the loop heat exchanger 31 and the storage tank 4 are arranged in parallel on the primary circuit 1.
  • the system comprising a control unit includes control elements and a central control configured to control the control elements.
  • control unit is configured so that the system takes a winter configuration in which the outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 33 of the looping heat exchanger is in fluid connection with the inlet of the heating heat exchanger 23.
  • this winter configuration the return temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the looping heat exchanger is reduced thanks to its passage in the heating heat exchanger which also makes it possible to limit the call power on the network.
  • control unit is configured so that the system takes a summer configuration in which the cooled heat transfer fluid outlet 33 of the looping heat exchanger is in fluid connection with the complementary upper tap 51 of the storage tank additional 40.
  • the summer configuration makes it possible to reduce the return temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the network even in the absence of use by the heating heat exchanger.
  • the storage of this hot heat transfer fluid also makes it possible to limit the power demand on the network.
  • this configuration is implemented with a network heat transfer fluid temperature greater than or equal to 70°C.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 is arranged downstream of the additional storage tank 40 so that the complementary storage tank 40 at least partially supplies the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the system comprising a measurement module comprises at least one temperature sensor.
  • the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the looping heat exchanger 31 to the inlet 23 of the heating heat exchanger 22 is possible.
  • the method comprises the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the looping heat exchanger 31 to the additional storage tank 40.
  • the method comprises the circulation of heat transfer fluid from the additional storage tank 40 to the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the term 'top' and ⁇ bottom' means a quality of relative positioning of an element of the system when it is installed functionally, the 'top' being oriented to the opposite of the ground and the 'bottom' being oriented towards the ground.
  • the upper end is at the top and the lower end is at the bottom.
  • the upstream and downstream, the inlet, the outlet, at a given point are taken with reference to the direction of circulation of the fluid.
  • a parameter “substantially equal/greater/less than” or “of the order of” a given value we mean that this parameter is equal/greater/less than the given value, to within plus or minus 10%, or even to plus or minus 5% of this value.
  • a fluidically connected to B is synonymous with “A is in fluidic connection with B” and does not necessarily mean that there is no organ between A and B.
  • the expressions " arranged on” or “on” are synonymous with “fluidically connected to”.
  • branching we mean a connection of a secondary connection line to a main line.
  • hot, cold, cooled we mean a relative temperature compared to another point in the system.
  • the present invention relates to a system for producing domestic hot water and heating.
  • the invention thus represents an architecture of a substation for the production of domestic hot water and heating receiving thermal energy in the form of hot heat transfer fluid coming from a heat production network and returning a fluid to this network colder heat carrier having given up part of its thermal energy.
  • the invention applies to the network preferably called low temperature, by which we mean that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid from the heat production unit is between 60 and 110°C, more specifically less than 90°C.
  • the heat production unit can use different energy sources and different technologies, fossils, biomass, geothermal energy, recovered energies, such as waste heat.
  • the system according to the invention applies to carbon-free thermal energy, that is to say produced without the production of carbon dioxide.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a primary circuit 1 comprising an inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2 and a return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • the primary circuit 1 is a fluid circuit capable of receiving a heat transfer fluid from a heat network, more precisely of a heat production unit and to return the heat transfer fluid with less thermal energy towards the network, more precisely towards a heat production unit.
  • hot and cold we mean that the heat transfer fluid is hotter when it arrives from the network than when it returns to the network.
  • the primary circuit comprises a set of supply pipes configured to supply heat exchangers with heat transfer fluid and a set of return pipes configured to ensure the return of the heat transfer fluid to the network, more precisely the heat production unit.
  • the system according to the invention advantageously comprises a domestic hot water circuit (DHW) 10.
  • the domestic hot water circuit 10 corresponds to a secondary circuit.
  • the domestic hot water circuit 10 is arranged in thermal conduction with the primary circuit 1.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 arranged at the interface between the primary circuit 1 and the domestic hot water circuit 10 so as to ensure the transfer of thermal energy from the primary circuit 1 to the domestic hot water circuit 10 thus ensuring the production of domestic hot water.
  • heat exchanges take place by convection.
  • the domestic hot water circuit 10 comprises a domestic cold water inlet 11, advantageously arranged upstream of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and at least one domestic hot water draw point 12, plus precisely arranged downstream of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 comprises an inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 14 fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2, more precisely to a supply branch of the looping heat exchanger 105, itself fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2, and an outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 15 advantageously connected fluidically to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • the outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 15 is fluidly connected to a heat transfer fluid return branch 107 advantageously fluidly connected to the cold heat transfer fluid return 3.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 comprises a domestic cold water inlet 16 fluidly connected to the domestic cold water inlet 11 and a water outlet domestic hot water 17 fluidly connected to a draw point 12 and advantageously in parallel fluidly connected to the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a looping circuit 30 making it possible to maintain the temperature of the domestic hot water downstream of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 at a set temperature, particularly when there is no has no DHW draw.
  • the loopback circuit 30 prevents the domestic hot water which goes to the user from cooling if there is no draft.
  • the looping circuit 30 comprises a pump 80 and a non-return valve 81 making it possible to continuously rotate the domestic hot water in this looping circuit 30 and to maintain it at temperature in the absence of draft.
  • the set temperature is advantageously around 60°C which makes it possible to fight against legionella.
  • the invention advantageously comprises a looping heat exchanger 31 arranged at the interface between the primary circuit 1 and the looping circuit 30.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 is arranged in thermal conduction between the primary circuit 1 and the looping circuit 30.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 ensures heat transfer from the primary circuit 1 to the looping circuit 30. Conventionally, within the heat exchanger the heat exchanges take place by convection.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 advantageously comprises an inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 32, advantageously coming from the inlet of heat transfer fluid 2 of the network.
  • the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 32 is fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2 of the network by a supply branch of the looping heat exchanger 106.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 comprises an outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 33.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 comprises a domestic hot water inlet 34 and a domestic hot water outlet 35.
  • the domestic hot water inlet 34 is fluidly connected to a branch of the domestic hot water supply 103 and the domestic hot water outlet 35 is fluidly connected to a domestic hot water return branch 104.
  • the loopback circuit 30 is a circuit comprising a domestic hot water supply branch 103 connected to the loopback heat exchanger 31 and a domestic hot water return branch 104 towards the draw point 12.
  • the pump 80 and the non-return valve 81 are arranged on the domestic hot water supply branch.
  • the loopback circuit 30 has, for example, a length that can exceed ten meters between the substation, conventionally arranged at the foot of a home in a building, including the heat exchangers, including the loop exchanger 31 and the draw point 12, located in a home.
  • the DHW is sent into the looping circuit 30.
  • the domestic hot water is sent to the looping heat exchanger 31 then returned to the draw point 12.
  • the domestic hot water supply branch 103 is a fluid connection ensuring the connection between the drawing point 12 and the domestic hot water inlet 34 in the loop exchanger 31, preferably are arranged on this fluid connection a pump 80 and/or a non-return valve 81.
  • the domestic hot water return branch 104 is a fluid connection ensuring the connection between the domestic hot water outlet 35 of the looping exchanger 31 and the point of draw 12.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 is distinct from the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13. This separation of the two functions into two heat exchangers allows operation at a lower temperature of the heat exchangers which contributes to this that the system is functional on a low temperature network, in particular less than 90°C, preferably less than or equal to 70°C, more preferably less than or equal to 63°C.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a heating circuit 20.
  • the heating circuit 20 corresponds to a secondary circuit which is in thermal conduction with the primary circuit 1.
  • the system preferably comprises a heating heat exchanger 22 arranged at the interface between the primary circuit 1 and the heating circuit 20.
  • the heating heat exchanger 22 is configured to ensure heat transfer from the primary circuit 1 for the benefit of the heating circuit 20.
  • the heating circuit 20 comprises a heating module 21 advantageously comprising at least one radiator, a heated floor, etc.
  • the heating circuit 20 is a closed circuit capable of receiving a heating fluid.
  • the heating heat exchanger 22 advantageously comprises, on the side of the heating circuit 20, an inlet of cold heating fluid 25 and an outlet of hot heating fluid 26 fluidly connected to the heating module 21.
  • the heating heat exchanger 22 advantageously comprises an inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 23 and a fluid outlet cold heat transfer 24.
  • the heat transfer fluid from the loop exchanger 31 is not sent to the storage tank 4, which makes it possible to keep a temperature in the upper part of the storage tank 4 identical to that of arrival from the network 2.
  • the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid in the loop exchanger 31 is non-negligible and its outlet temperature from the loop exchanger is close of 55°C, for a network temperature of 60°C. If the heat transfer fluid were injected into the storage tank 4, the temperature of the storage tank 4 would become insufficient to ensure that the DHW temperature set point is maintained.
  • the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid out of the loop exchanger 31 is sufficient to be valorized, the heat transfer fluid coming from the loop exchanger 31 is sent to the inlet of the heating exchanger 21.
  • the domestic hot water circuit 10 and the heating circuit 20 are arranged on the primary circuit 1 in parallel.
  • each of the domestic hot water circuit 10 and heating circuit 20 is in thermal conduction with the primary circuit 1 respectively by the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and the heating heat exchanger 22 in parallel .
  • the primary circuit 1 advantageously comprises two supply branches 101,102 arranged in parallel and respectively fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2.
  • Each supply branch 101, 102 respectively supplies the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the heat transfer fluid respectively supplying each of the two domestic hot water 13 and heating 22 exchangers does not circulate successively in the domestic hot water exchanger 13 then in the heating exchanger 22 or Conversely.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and the loopback heat exchanger 31 are arranged on the primary circuit 1 in parallel.
  • the hot heat transfer fluid from the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2 from the network circulates in parallel in the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and in the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the heat exchanger loop 31 and the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 are arranged on the primary circuit in series, the domestic hot water heat exchanger being arranged downstream of the loop heat exchanger.
  • the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 is arranged downstream of the additional storage tank 40.
  • the heat transfer fluid circulating in the looping heat exchanger 31 then circulates in the direction of the storage tank.
  • additional storage 40 preferably by a supply branch 110.
  • the heat transfer fluid stored in the complementary storage tank 40 is then transmitted to the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 by sampling thanks to the upper tapping 50 connected to the branch of diet 101.
  • the looping heat exchanger 31 and the heating heat exchanger 22 are arranged on the primary circuit 1 in series, preferably the heating heat exchanger 22 being arranged downstream of the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the heat transfer fluid of the primary circuit 1 circulates successively in the looping heat exchanger 31 and in the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the system comprises a fluid connection 105 arranged between the cooled heat transfer fluid outlet 33 of the looping heat exchanger 31 and the heat transfer fluid inlet 23 of the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the fluid connection 105 ensures a direct connection: the heat transfer fluid circulating directly from the outlet 33 to the inlet 23.
  • a valve 79 called the winter valve, can be arranged on the fluid connection 105 so as to control the circulation of the heat transfer fluid from the looping heat exchanger 31 to the heating heat exchanger 22 .
  • the outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 24 is advantageously connected fluidically to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • the outlet of cooled heat transfer fluid 24 is fluidly connected to a heat transfer fluid return branch 108 advantageously connected fluidly to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • the heating heat exchanger 22 is also supplied with hot heat transfer fluid from the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2. More precisely, the heating heat exchanger 22 is fluidly connected to the branch of supply of hot heat transfer fluid 102 making it possible to supplement the supply of hot heat transfer fluid to the heating heat exchanger 22 produced by the fluid connection 105 from the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the hot heat transfer fluid supply branch 102 advantageously connects the inlet of heat transfer fluid 2 of the network, that is to say the inlet of the network, with the arrival of hot heat transfer fluid 23 in the heating heat exchanger 22. This arrangement makes it possible to supplement the flow coming from the looping heat exchanger to satisfy the heating demand.
  • the primary circuit 1 comprises a storage tank 4 capable of receiving the heat transfer fluid from the primary circuit 1.
  • the storage of the heat transfer fluid in the storage tank 4 is advantageously carried out in a stratified manner.
  • the storage tank 4 is advantageously configured to ensure storage of the heat transfer fluid in a temperature stratified manner, that is to say that the coldest heat transfer fluid is located at the lower end 9 of the storage tank 4 while the hottest heat transfer fluid is located at the upper end 8 of the storage tank 4.
  • the storage tank 4 preferably comprises an upper connection 5 fluidly connected to the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2.
  • upper connection 5 is meant that it is positioned in the upper part of the storage tank 4, preferably at the upper end 8 of it.
  • the upper branch 5 is fluidly connected to the supply branch 101 of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the upper branch 5 is advantageously configured to allow storage of the hot heat transfer fluid circulating in the supply branch 101 so that the heat transfer fluid circulates in the upper tap 5 from the supply branch 101 towards the storage tank 4.
  • This storage mode is advantageously implemented when the demand for domestic hot water and/or possibly heating is less than a set value.
  • the system according to the invention makes it possible to store thermal energy in the form of hot heat transfer fluid in anticipation of higher power demands.
  • the upper connection 5 is also configured to allow a release of the hot heat transfer fluid stored in the storage tank 4 towards the supply branch 101 so that the heat transfer fluid circulates from the storage tank 4 towards the supply branch 100.
  • This destocking mode is advantageously implemented when the demand for domestic hot water is greater than a set value.
  • the system according to the invention makes it possible to smooth power demands on the network by using the energy stored in anticipation in the storage tank 4.
  • the storage tank 4 advantageously comprises a lower connection 6a, 6b fluidly connected to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • lower connection 6a, 6b is meant that it is positioned in the lower part of the storage tank 4, preferably at the lower end 9 thereof.
  • the lower connection 6a, 6b is intended to allow the filling and emptying of the storage tank 4 in particular when the heat transfer fluid is stored and removed from the storage tank 4 in the upper part 8 by the branch 5.
  • the lower branch 6a, 6b is advantageously configured to allow storage and removal of the cooled heat transfer fluid from or in the heat transfer fluid return 3, more specifically from or in the return branch 107 of the heat exchanger. domestic hot water 13.
  • the lower connection 6a, 6b comprises two branches 6a, 6b mounted in parallel.
  • the two branches 6a, 6b form two connections in the lower part 9 of the storage tank 4.
  • the two branches 6a, 6b can emerge from a single connection in the lower part 9 of the storage tank 4.
  • the two branches 6a, 6b extend between the return of the heat transfer fluid 3 and the lower end 9 of the storage tank 4.
  • each branch 6a, 6b is configured to allow the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the direction opposite.
  • each branch 6a, 6b is equipped with a valve 74a, 74b, preferably of the all-or-nothing TOR type and with a non-return valve 82a, 82b.
  • branch 6a is configured to ensure circulation of the heat transfer fluid from the storage tank 4 towards the return branch 107 while branch 6b is configured to ensure circulation of the heat transfer fluid from the return branch 107 towards the storage tank 4.
  • the cooled heat transfer fluid circulating in the return branch 107 is at least partially stored in, more precisely the cooled heat transfer fluid is sent to, the storage tank 4 in particular during a removal of hot heat transfer fluid from the upper part 8 of the storage tank 4 by the upper tap 5.
  • This filling, at least partial is carried out as long as the temperature in the upper part 8 of the storage tank 4, measured by the sensor 87a, is greater than or equal to a set temperature and as long as there is an underdraft of heat transfer fluid in the upper part of the storage tank 4.
  • the valve 74b closes preventing the entry of cooled heat transfer fluid into the storage tank 4 thus avoiding sending fluid heat carrier at a temperature lower than a set temperature towards the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the set temperature is of the order of 60°C. This makes it possible to maintain a set temperature in the upper part 8 of the storage tank 4 which is sufficient for the production of domestic hot water by the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the cooled heat transfer fluid is released from storage, more precisely the cooled heat transfer fluid is evacuated from the storage tank 4, as long as the temperature in the lower part 9 of the storage tank 4, measured by the sensor 87b, is less than or equal to a set temperature and that there is storage of hot heat transfer fluid in the upper part 8 of the storage tank 4 by the tap 5
  • the heat transfer fluid in the lower part of the storage tank 4 is sent to branch 107, but as soon as the temperature measured by the sensor.
  • the valve 74a closes preventing the exit of heat transfer fluid from the storage tank 4 thus avoiding sending heat transfer fluid at a temperature higher than a set temperature towards the return network 3.
  • the set temperature is around 60°C.
  • the system according to the invention advantageously comprises a pump 7, preferably a variable speed pump arranged on the primary circuit 1.
  • the variable speed pump 7 is arranged upstream of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the variable speed pump 7 is arranged on the supply branch 101 of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 upstream of said exchanger and preferably downstream of the upper tap 5 of the storage tank 4.
  • the variable speed pump 7 allows to circulate a minimum flow of heat transfer fluid in the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 so that the heat transfer fluid leaves said exchanger 13 through the return branch 107 as cold as possible.
  • the variable speed pump is configured to adapt its speed and therefore its flow rate to have a predefined pressure at the pump outlet.
  • the system according to the invention advantageously comprises a control unit comprising control members 70.71, 72, 73.74, 16.77, 78.79 and a central control, not shown, for controlling said control members.
  • the system according to the invention advantageously comprises a measurement module comprising at least one temperature sensor 87.
  • the measuring module is connected to the central control which controls the control elements according to the measurements provided by the measuring module.
  • the system advantageously comprises a valve 73 preferably of the control valve type arranged on the primary circuit 1 upstream of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13, more specifically on the supply branch 101 and more precisely downstream of the variable speed pump 7.
  • the valve 73 is controlled according to the temperature measurements carried out by a temperature sensor 87c advantageously arranged upstream of the domestic hot water draw point 12, for example as illustrated in figure 1 downstream of the connection of the return branch 104 of the looping circuit 30 to the domestic hot water circuit 10.
  • the valve 73 is advantageously regulated to a domestic hot water set temperature of around 60° vs.
  • the system comprises a valve 76 preferably of the control valve type arranged on the primary circuit 1 upstream of the hot heat transfer fluid inlet 23 in the heating heat exchanger 22, more specifically on the branch d supply 102.
  • the valve 76 is controlled as a function of the temperature measurements carried out by a temperature sensor 87e, advantageously arranged on the heating circuit 20 preferably downstream of the outlet of hot heating fluid 26 out of the exchanger thermal heating 22.
  • the system comprises a valve 77 preferably of the regulating valve type arranged on the primary circuit 1 upstream of the hot heat transfer fluid inlet 32 in the looping heat exchanger 31, more specifically on the branch d supply 106.
  • the valve 77 is controlled according to the temperature measurements carried out by a temperature sensor 87d, advantageously arranged on the looping circuit 30 preferably downstream of the domestic hot water outlet 35 outside the exchanger thermal loopback 31, more specifically on the return branch 104.
  • the system comprises a valve 70 arranged at the inlet of hot heat transfer fluid 2.
  • the valve 70 is advantageously used as a differential pressure regulator.
  • the system comprises a valve 71 arranged on the supply branch 101 of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • the valve 71 is advantageously a self-regulating valve ensuring a predefined flow rate independently of the upstream pressure conditions/ downstream.
  • Temperature sensors 87a, 87b, 87g, 87h, 87i are for example arranged in the storage tank 4 and in the complementary storage tank 40 at different height levels to measure the temperature at different height levels.
  • the system comprises a bypass branch 109 arranged as a bypass of the valve 71 on the branch 101.
  • the bypass branch 109 advantageously comprising a self-balancing valve 85 according to a predefined flow rate greater than the predefined flow rate on the valve 71 and a valve 86 TOR valve type.
  • the diversion branch 109 thus makes it possible to provide security to ensure the supply of domestic hot water at 60°C when the storage tank 4 does not include heat transfer fluid at a set temperature. This situation can occur when the system starts up or in the event of exceptional domestic hot water underdraft.
  • the heat transfer fluid at the heat transfer fluid return 3 is a mixture of the heat transfer fluid circulating in the return branch 107 of the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and/or the heat transfer fluid circulating in the heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat transfer fluid of the primary circuit is water.
  • the heating fluid of the heating circuit is water.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a complementary storage tank 40.
  • the complementary storage tank 40 is arranged on the primary circuit 1 advantageously in parallel with the storage tank 4.
  • the complementary tank 40 advantageously comprises an upper tap 50 fluidly connected to the arrival of hot heat transfer fluid 2.
  • the upper connection 50 is positioned in the upper part of the additional storage tank 40, preferably at the upper end 8 thereof.
  • the upper connection 50 is configured to release the heat transfer fluid contained in the additional storage tank 40.
  • the upper connection 50 comprises a non-return valve 82c ensuring safety to avoid filling with heat transfer fluid from the network inlet 2.
  • the system comprises a valve 72, of the three-way valve type, arranged at the intersection between the supply branch 101 and the upper tap 50.
  • the valve 72 regulates the supply of the branch 50 and the branch 101 so that the temperature downstream of the valve 72 at the level of the sensor 87f respects a set temperature, as an example of around 63°C.
  • the valve 72 makes it possible to control the basic flow rate of heat transfer fluid from the network inlet 2 and the flow rate of fluid removed from the additional storage tank 40 to reach a target temperature for the DHW exchanger 13.
  • the complementary storage tank 40 advantageously comprises a lower connection 60 fluidly connected to the return of cold heat transfer fluid 3.
  • lower connection 60 is meant that it is positioned in the lower part of the complementary storage tank 40, preferably at the lower end of this one.
  • the lower connection 60 is configured to release the heat transfer fluid stored in the complementary storage tank 40 towards the return branch 107 during filling with hot heat transfer fluid by the complementary upper connection 51.
  • the fluid cooled heat transfer from the loop exchanger 31 is sent to the additional storage tank 40, filling by the complementary upper connection 51 is accompanied by an equivalent evacuation of heat transfer fluid through the lower connection 60.
  • the three-way valve 72 ensures control of an additional supply of heat transfer fluid from the branch 101 which can come either from the tank storage 4 or network arrival 2.
  • the complementary storage tank 40 comprises a complementary upper tap 51.
  • the complementary upper tap 51 is advantageously connected fluidically to the cooled heat transfer fluid outlet 33 of the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the system comprises a supply branch 110 ensuring the fluid connection between the outlet 33 of the looping heat exchanger and the complementary upper tap.
  • the cooled heat transfer fluid leaving the looping heat exchanger 31 can be sent to the additional storage tank 40 by the supply branch 110.
  • the system includes a valve 78, called a summer valve.
  • the valve 78 is arranged between the looping heat exchanger 31 and the food storage tank 40, more precisely the valve 78 TOR is arranged on the supply branch 110 so as to control the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in this branch from the outlet of the looping heat exchanger 31.
  • the storage tank 4 and the complementary storage tank 40 are arranged in parallel on the primary circuit 1, more preferably they are arranged in parallel on the supply branch 101.
  • the storage tank 4 and the complementary storage tank 40 are arranged in parallel on the return branch 107.
  • the complementary storage tank 40 is arranged downstream of the storage tank 4 on the supply branch 101.
  • This embodiment is advantageously used for network temperatures above 75°C. This embodiment thus makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the network return 3, particularly when there is no heating demand, particularly in summer.
  • the additional storage tank 40 is configured to store the heat transfer fluid, for example at an average temperature of 55°C.
  • the additional storage tank 40 is configured to store the heat transfer fluid in a stratified manner, the hot heat transfer fluid in the upper part and the cold heat transfer fluid in the lower part.
  • This embodiment allows the system to alternately take a configuration called summer configuration and a configuration called winter configuration.
  • the winter configuration is implemented when there is a heating request at the heating module 21 of the heating circuit 20.
  • the system operates as described and illustrated with regard to the figure 1 .
  • the summer valve 78 is closed and the winter valve 79 is open ensuring the series connection of the looping heat exchanger 31 and the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the summer configuration is implemented when there is no heating demand at the heating module 21 of the heating circuit 20.
  • the winter valve 79 is closed and the summer valve 78 is open .
  • the heat transfer fluid coming from the looping heat exchanger 31 is stored in the additional storage tank 40 by circulation in the supply branch 110 opening into the complementary upper tap 51.
  • the cooled heat transfer fluid coming from the looping heat exchanger 31 is stored in the additional storage tank 40.
  • the heat transfer fluid stored in the storage tank complementary 40 is advantageously mixed with the heat transfer fluid from the inlet of heat transfer fluid 2 from the network, more precisely with the heat transfer fluid circulating in the supply branch 101.
  • This mixture of stored heat transfer fluid and heat transfer fluid from the network allows advantageously to bring the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to a temperature of around 65°C.
  • the heat transfer fluid from the additional storage tank 40 possibly mixed with the heat transfer fluid circulating in the supply branch 101, is sent to the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13.
  • Advantageously, during a request for hot water domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 via outlet 15 in branch 107 is sent to the lower part 9 of the additional storage tank 40 via the branch 60 to compensate for the volume of fluid underdrawn in the upper part by the branch 50.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to compensate for the underdrawing of the heat transfer fluid from the additional storage tank 40.
  • the heat transfer fluid cooled in the lower part 9 of the additional storage tank 40 is sent by branch 60 to the network return 3 making it possible to lower the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the network return 3.
  • the system according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in figure 1 is connected to a network at 65°C to supply a building of 50 housing units.
  • the powers consumed are 10 kW for the looping circuit 30, peaks of 190 kW on the domestic hot water circuit 10 and 180 kW for the heating circuit 20.
  • the daily volume of Domestic Hot Water (DHW) consumed is 5600 L.
  • the storage tank 4 represents a volume of around 2.5 cubic meters.
  • the basic flow rate of heat transfer fluid drawn from the network to satisfy DHW consumption is a basic flow rate of 220 kg/h. If the power demands are lower, part of the drawn heat transfer fluid is diverted by the upper tap 5 towards the upper end 8 of the storage tank 4 to be stored there.
  • the supplement is drawn by the upper tap 5 on the upper part 8 of the storage tank 4.
  • the sum of the basic flow and the flow withdrawn from the storage tank 4 is sent to the heat exchanger ECS 13 via a variable speed pump 7.
  • the flow rate is adjusted by a valve 73 regulated to a set temperature such as for example 60°C for the ECS.
  • a temperature sensor 87c is placed on the domestic hot water circuit 10, advantageously after the mixing point of the DHW outlet 17 and the outlet 35 of the looping heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer fluid cools to exit through the outlet 15 in the return branch 107 at a temperature advantageously close to that of the city water network, as a example 18°C in summer and 9°C in winter.
  • the equivalent of the basic flow rate that is to say the flow rate taken from the network by the arrival of hot heat transfer fluid 2
  • the network return 3 the difference in flow rate in the return branch 107 is reinjected into the lower part of the storage tank 4 thanks to the lower tapping 6b.
  • the entire basic flow from the network inlet 2, and advantageously circulating in the supply branch 101, is sent in the upper part of the storage tank 4 to be stored there and an equivalent flow rate is extracted in the lower part of the storage tank 4 to be redirected towards the network return 3.
  • the heat transfer fluid is at 55°C.
  • the entire flow rate of the loop (900 kg/h), that is to say the flow rate of heat transfer fluid circulating in the supply branch 106, is sent to the heating heat exchanger 22.
  • the flow rate of heat transfer fluid passing through the heating heat exchanger 22 is that resulting from the looping heat exchanger 31, possibly supplemented by a flow drawn directly from the network inlet 2 more specifically circulating in the supply branch 102.
  • This complement is regulated by a valve 76 regulated on the inlet temperature of the radiators (47°C) thanks to a temperature sensor 87e arranged at the input of the module heating 21.
  • the flow rate of heat transfer fluid passing through the heating heat exchanger is 360 kg/h.
  • the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet 24 of the heating exchanger 22 is of the order of 32°C.
  • This heat transfer fluid circulating in the return branch 108 is mixed with the DHW flow before being returned to the network return 3.
  • the mixture of heat transfer fluid at the network return 3 is at a temperature of around 29°C .
  • the heat transfer fluid passes through the heating heat exchanger 22 and exits through the outlet 24 at a temperature of 55°C, except for thermal losses.
  • the heat transfer fluid leaving the heating heat exchanger 22 circulates in the return branch 108 and advantageously mixes with the basic flow of DHW circulating in the return branch 107, for example at a temperature of 18°C.
  • the mixed heat transfer fluid returned to the network return 3 is therefore at a temperature of around 48°C.
  • the system when there is no heating demand, the system is configured to be in a summer configuration in which the valve 78 being open and the winter valve 79 being closed the heat transfer fluid coming from the looping heat exchanger 31 circulating in the direction of the additional storage tank 40 by the supply branch 110.
  • the stored heat transfer fluid can then be used to supply the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 in addition to the heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer fluid inlet 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. System zur Erzeugung von warmem Brauch- und Heizungswarmwasser, umfassend:
    - einen Primärkreislauf (1), der dazu geeignet ist, ein Wärmeträgerfluid aufzunehmen, umfassend:
    ∘ eine Zuleitung für warmes Wärmeträgerfluid (2) und einen Rücklauf für kaltes Wärmeträgerfluid (3),
    ∘ einen Lagerspeicher (4), der dazu geeignet ist, ein nach Temperatur geschichtetes Wärmeträgerfluid zu lagern und der einen oberen Abzweigungsstutzen (5) umfasst, der fluidisch mit dem Vorlauf für warmes Wärmeträgerfluid (2) verbunden ist, und einen unteren Abzweigungsstutzen (6a, 6b), der fluidisch mit dem Rücklauf für kaltes Wärmeträgerfluid (3) verbunden ist, und
    ∘ einen Heizungswärmetauscher (22), der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Wärmeaustausche zwischen dem Primärkreislauf (1) und dem Heizungskreislauf (20) sicherzustellen,
    - einen Warmbrauchwasser-Sekundärkreislauf (10), der eine Kaltbrauchwasser-Zuleitung für (11) und eine Warmbrauchwasser-Zapfstelle (2) umfasst,
    - einen Heizungssekundärkreislauf (20), der ein Heizungsmodul (21) umfasst,
    - einen Rückkopplungskreislauf (30),
    - einen Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13), der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Wärmeaustausche zwischen dem Primärkreislauf (1) und dem Warmbrauchwasser-Sekundärkreislauf (10) sicherzustellen,
    - einen Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31), der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Wärmeaustausche zwischen dem Primärkreislauf (1) und dem Rückkopplungskreislauf (30) sicherzustellen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - der Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13) und der Heizungswärmetauscher (22) auf dem Primärkreislauf (1) parallel eingerichtet sind, und
    - der Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31) und der Heizungswärmetauscher (22) in Reihe auf dem Primärkreislauf (1) eingerichtet sind.
  2. System nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, wobei der Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31) eine Zuleitung für warmes Wärmeträgerfluid (32) und einen Ausgang für abgekühltes Wärmeträgerfluid (33) umfasst, der fluidisch mit einem Eingang des Heizungswärmetauschers (23) verbunden ist.
  3. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Primärkreislauf (1) eine Versorgung (102) des Heizungswärmetauschers (22) umfasst, der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Zuleitung des warmen Wärmeträgerfluids (2) und den Wärmeträgerfluideingang (23) des Heizungswärmetauschers (22) fluidisch zu verbinden.
  4. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Primärkreislauf (1) eine Pumpe (7) mit variabler Drehzahl umfasst, die dem Eingang (14) des warmen Wärmeträgerfluids in dem Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher vorgeschaltet ist.
  5. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der untere Abzweigungsstutzen (6a, 6b) zwei Schenkel (6a, 6b) umfasst, die parallel montiert sind, die dazu konfiguriert sind, jeweils die Wärmeträgerfluidzirkulation von dem Rücklauf des kalten Wärmeträgerfluids (3) zu dem Lagerspeicher (4) und von dem Lagerspeicher (4) zu dem Rücklauf des kalten Wärmeträgerfluids (3) sicherzustellen.
  6. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Primärkreislauf (1) einen komplementären Lagerspeicher (40) umfasst, der einen oberen Abzweigungsstutzen (50) umfasst, der fluidisch mit der Zuleitung von warmem Wärmeträgerfluid (2) verbunden ist, einen unteren Abzweigungsstutzen (60), der fluidisch mit dem Rücklauf von kaltem Wärmeträgerfluid (3) verbunden ist, und einen komplementären oberen Abzweigungsstutzen (51), der fluidisch mit dem Ausgang des abgekühlten Wärmeträgerfluids (33) des Rückkopplungswärmetauschers verbunden ist.
  7. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13) und der Heizungswärmetauscher (31) auf dem Primärkreislauf (1) parallel eingerichtet sind.
  8. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31) und der Lagerspeicher (4) auf dem Primärkreislauf (1) parallel eingerichtet sind.
  9. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das eine Steuereinheit umfasst, die Steuerelemente und eine Steuerzentrale umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist, die Steuerelemente zu steuern.
  10. System nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, in Kombination mit Anspruch 2, wobei die Steuereinheit derart konfiguriert ist, dass das System eine Winterkonfiguration einnimmt, in der der Ausgang des abgekühlten Wärmeträgerfluids (3) des Rückkopplungswärmetauschers in Fluidverbindung mit dem Eingang des Heizungswärmetauschers (23) steht und das System bevorzugt ein Messmodul umfasst, das mindestens einen Temperaturfühler umfasst.
  11. System nach einem der beiden vorstehenden Ansprüche, in Kombination mit Anspruch 6, wobei die Steuereinheit derart konfiguriert ist, dass das System eine Sommerkonfiguration einnimmt, in der der Ausgang des abgekühlten Wärmeträgerfluids (33) des Rückkopplungswärmetauschers in Fluidverbindung mit dem komplementären oberen Abzweigungsstutzen (51) des komplementären Lagerspeichers (40) steht.
  12. System nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, wobei der Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13) stromabwärts des komplementären Lagerspeichers (40) derart eingerichtet ist, dass der komplementäre Lagerspeicher (40) den Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13) mindestens teilweise versorgt.
  13. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von warmem Brauch- und/oder Heizungswasser durch ein System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das in einer Winterkonfiguration die Wärmeträgerfluidzirkulation von dem Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31) zu dem Eingang (23) des Heizungswärmetauschers (22) umfasst.
  14. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von warmem Brauch- und/oder Heizungswasser nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch durch ein System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, in Kombination mit Anspruch 6, das in einer Sommerkonfiguration die Wärmeträgerfluidzirkulation von dem Rückkopplungswärmetauscher (31) zu dem komplementären Lagerspeicher (40) umfasst.
  15. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von warmem Brauch- und/oder Heizungswasser nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, das die Wärmeträgerfluidzirkulation von dem komplementären Lagerspeicher (40) zu dem Warmbrauchwasser-Wärmetauscher (13) umfasst.
EP22215121.9A 2021-12-21 2022-12-20 System zur erzeugung von brauchwasser und zur erwärmung in einem niedrigtemperaturwärmenetz Active EP4202310B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2114198A FR3130946B1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 Système de production d'eau chaude sanitaire et de chauffage intégré à un réseau de chaleur basse température

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EP4202310B1 true EP4202310B1 (de) 2024-06-26

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008014204A1 (de) * 2007-04-25 2008-10-30 Fachhochschule München Trinkwassererwärmungsanlage
DE102008057908A1 (de) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Swm Services Gmbh Wärmeübergabestation mit Kaskade
DE202010017764U1 (de) 2010-04-07 2012-09-18 Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften München Vorrichtung zur Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden
FR3074264B1 (fr) * 2017-11-28 2019-11-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Systeme de chauffage d’eau sanitaire

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EP4202310A1 (de) 2023-06-28
ES2993091T3 (en) 2024-12-20
FR3130946B1 (fr) 2023-12-08

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