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EP4023941B1 - Agencements et procédé de mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion d'un brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Agencements et procédé de mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion d'un brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4023941B1
EP4023941B1 EP21206462.0A EP21206462A EP4023941B1 EP 4023941 B1 EP4023941 B1 EP 4023941B1 EP 21206462 A EP21206462 A EP 21206462A EP 4023941 B1 EP4023941 B1 EP 4023941B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionization
electrodes
combustion chamber
assembly according
electrode
Prior art date
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EP21206462.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4023941C0 (fr
EP4023941A3 (fr
EP4023941A2 (fr
Inventor
Lars Thum
Alexander Graf
Heinz-Jörg Tomczak
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of EP4023941A3 publication Critical patent/EP4023941A3/fr
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Publication of EP4023941B1 publication Critical patent/EP4023941B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of controlling a fuel gas-air mixture for a combustion process in a heating device, in particular a combustion chamber in a heating device for hot water preparation or heating a building.
  • a heating device in particular a combustion chamber in a heating device for hot water preparation or heating a building.
  • an ionization measurement is carried out in a flame area, particularly in many heating devices. Such measurements are intended to enable stable control over long periods of time, which is why it may be necessary to detect slow changes in the measuring system and to carry out recalibration.
  • the respective actual value of the ionization in the flame area is determined by means of an ionization electrode, which is proportional to the lambda value currently present, so that this can be derived from the ionization measurement.
  • an alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, whereby the flame area ionized in the presence of flames has a rectifying effect, so that an ionization signal mainly only flows during one half-wave of the alternating current.
  • This current or a proportional voltage signal derived from it hereinafter referred to as the ionization signal, is measured and, if necessary, processed as an ionization signal after digitization in an analog/digital converter.
  • the lambda value can be measured via calibration and regulated to a setpoint value using a control loop.
  • the The supply of air and/or fuel gas is changed by suitable actuators until the desired setpoint value for lambda is reached.
  • lambda must remain small enough to ensure stable combustion.
  • the control can be carried out in particular via a valve for the supply of fuel gas and/or a fan for the supply of ambient air.
  • an ignition electrode can be used temporarily as an ionization electrode, whereby a second ionization measurement can be used to control and/or recalibrate the ionization signal used for regulation.
  • This dual function of the ignition electrode requires a certain amount of effort to switch over and does not extend the service life of the actual ionization electrode.
  • the ignition electrode cannot be adapted to the needs of an ionization measurement due to its ignition function.
  • the EP 2 821 705 A1 relates to a method and a device for determining a calorific value for the calorific value of a gaseous fuel, wherein the device is intended to make do with simple means and to enable a quick and reliable calorific value determination.
  • a determination unit is provided with which at least one sensor signal of the calorific value sensor arrangement and thus the ionization signal is transmitted.
  • a calorific value is determined that indicates the calorific value of the gaseous fuel.
  • the ionization signal or the ionization current is determined for this purpose in particular at at least one or at several predetermined air ratio values.
  • the ionization in the test combustion chamber at a predetermined air ratio is characteristic of the calorific value.
  • the calorific value can be derived from this in the determination unit.
  • JP 2011 133116 A discloses a combustion device that can prevent erroneous detection during cold start and can accurately detect a combustion state, such as a flame lift, based on an oxygen deficiency state.
  • a flame outlet and a plurality of detection devices for detecting the combustion state of the flame are provided.
  • a first detection means is provided which is provided at a position at a first distance from the flame outlet, and at least one second detection means at a position with a second distance which is smaller than the first distance.
  • the detection means can detect a flame flow.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the focus is in particular on creating a redundant and/or insensitive to measurement errors and failures concept for measuring ionization in a flame region in a combustion chamber of a premix burner.
  • a fuel gas-air mixture can be fed and in which this mixture can be burned.
  • an ignition electrode if a glow plug is not used
  • a ground electrode at least two Ionization electrodes are present for measuring the ionization, wherein the two ionization electrodes (15, 16) are each individually connected or connectable to (at least) one evaluation electronics (12) so that their ionization signals can be evaluated separately.
  • the arrangement therefore comprises at least one ignition electrode or a ground electrode and at least two ionization electrodes for measuring the ionization.
  • the two ionization electrodes have no function in igniting a combustion process, but are only there for ionization measurement, regardless of whether other electrodes are present and how the ignition process takes place.
  • This makes it possible to implement almost all of the possibilities known in principle from the state of the art for extending the service life (or maintenance intervals) and/or improving the measurement accuracy and reliability when controlling premix burners with so-called ionization-based electronic fuel gas-air combination, depending on the respective requirements.
  • the two ionization electrodes are each individually connected to (preferably separate) evaluation electronics, or can be connected, their ionization signals can be evaluated separately. This increases the redundancy of the entire system, since if any component (ionization electrode, cables, evaluation electronics) fails, the heater does not fail.
  • the measurements of the systems can be linked to each other. compared and used for corrections or recalibration. It is also possible to connect the ionization electrodes alternately to a single evaluation electronics, which reduces the effort, although the described advantages are largely retained.
  • the two ionization electrodes are made of different materials. This means that requirements regarding measurement accuracy and durability that cannot be met simultaneously with a single ionization electrode can still be met, which in turn increases the availability of the heater.
  • One of the ionization electrodes is made of a scale-resistant material and the other of a non-scale-resistant material. Examples of both materials and their advantages and disadvantages are known in the prior art, but the invention means that no compromise or decision for one of the materials has to be made.
  • two different ionization electrodes are present. This allows two completely or partially differently designed measuring systems to be used instead of a compromise in material, position, shape and/or wiring, with the service life of the heater between two maintenance sessions being determined by the more durable of the two (although it is not always possible to predict which system this is).
  • the two ionization electrodes can also be electrically connected to one another so that a common ionization signal can be derived from them. This can be useful for normal operation so that an individual evaluation of the measurement signals from both ionization electrodes only takes place at predefined times. e.g. to test the functions or to carry out a recalibration. The measuring signal becomes stronger and less susceptible to errors when connected.
  • the two ionization electrodes are arranged at different positions in relation to a flame region in the combustion chamber. This allows simple shapes of the ionization electrodes and easily accessible installation locations, while still being able to achieve a representative measurement signal.
  • the two ionization electrodes are mechanically connected to one another by a common holder and/or by at least one connecting bridge. This even allows both ionization electrodes to be designed as a unit and replaced in one go, which means that no additional working time is required for maintenance.
  • Two ionization electrodes arranged in parallel and provided with at least one connecting bridge have increased mechanical stability, which is advantageous for maintenance and operation.
  • one of the ionization electrodes be made of a material containing aluminum, e.g. a high-temperature corrosion-resistant steel, and the other ionization electrode contain no or less aluminum, e.g. be made of a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the service life is by no means shortened compared to arrangements with only one ionization electrode of either type, but is often extended.
  • the ionization is measured using two ionization electrodes arranged in the combustion chamber for this purpose, the measurement signals of which are processed separately and alternately by one or in parallel by two evaluation electronics and then compared with one another and/or combined.
  • This method is redundant and therefore very reliably available and also offers the possibility of occasional recalibration.
  • Another embodiment relates to a method for measuring ionization in a combustion chamber of a heater with the arrangements described above, to which a fuel gas-air mixture can be fed and in which this mixture can be burned, wherein the ionization is measured by means of two ionization electrodes arranged in the combustion chamber for this purpose, the measurement signals of which are fed to a common evaluation electronics in periodic or episodic alternation, compared with one another after an alternation and used, if necessary, to recalibrate one or both measurement signals.
  • a preferred embodiment relates to a method in which, if a fault is detected in one of the ionization electrodes, only the other one is used to measure the ionization
  • the failure of one of the systems can also trigger a warning message, for example, so that maintenance can be carried out before the second system fails too.
  • the explanations of the methods can be used to characterize the arrangements in more detail and vice versa.
  • the arrangements can also be set up in such a way that one of the methods is carried out.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions that cause one of the described arrangements to carry out the described method steps.
  • the evaluation electronics and calibration methods mentioned require data and programs for their execution, which can be provided or updated, for example, by means of a computer program product according to the invention.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic of a set-up heating device 1 with a combustion chamber 2 in which a burner 3 is arranged.
  • a fuel gas-air mixture 20 is fed to this burner 3 by means of a fan 7 via an air supply 6 and via a fuel gas supply 8 and a fuel gas valve 9. Air and fuel gas are brought together in a mixer 10, e.g. a Venturi nozzle.
  • a mixer 10 e.g. a Venturi nozzle.
  • an ignition electrode 13 is present, sometimes also a ground electrode 14. Instead of an ignition electrode 13, a glow plug igniter (not shown) can also be present.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture 20 enters the combustion chamber 2 from burner openings 5 (nozzles) and burns there after ignition in a flame region 4.
  • This flame region 4 is partially ionized, which can be measured in a known manner using at least a first ionization electrode 15 and a second ionization electrode 16. All ionization electrodes 15, 16 have an electrically insulating bushing 17, which also serves as a holder. When replacing, an ionization electrode 15, 16 is replaced with bushing 17.
  • the signals of the ionization electrodes 15, 16 are fed to an evaluation electronics 12, which alternately derives at least one ionization signal from them in one of the various ways known per se. It is essential for the present invention that two ionization electrodes 15, 16 are present, which are used for ionization measurements.
  • the ionization signal or signals are fed to an electronic unit 11, which controls the heater and in particular regulates the fuel-air mixture and the output of the burner 3 based on the measured ionization. To do this, the electronic unit 11 can adjust the fan 7 and/or the fuel gas valve 9. This type of supply to a burner 3 is also referred to as an ionization-based electronic fuel gas-air combination.
  • the evaluation electronics 12 and the electronic unit 11 are generally integrated in a single module with electronic memories and a microprocessor.
  • the presence of at least two ionization electrodes 15, 16 allows various possibilities for improving the measurement quality and/or the availability and service life of the ionization measuring system.
  • all the same components are given the same reference numerals as in Fig.1 and only those necessary for understanding are shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a first embodiment of the invention, in which the first ionization electrode 15 and the second ionization electrode 16 are optionally connected to a common evaluation electronics 12 via a switch 18.
  • the switch 18 is operated periodically or when required. In addition to comparing the signals measured with the individual ionization electrodes 15, 16 and determining any errors, mutual recalibration is also possible and if one of the two fails, switching to the other is possible.
  • Fig.3 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which each ionization electrode 15, 16 has its own evaluation electronics 12, the signals of which are combined, e.g. in the electronics unit 11.
  • This variant has the additional advantage that even a failure in one of the lines or part of an evaluation electronics 12 does not lead to a complete failure of the heating device 1.
  • the two ionization electrodes 15, 16 are made of different materials or can also be different in other ways (shape, dimensions, composition of different sections, etc.), so that advantageous embodiments known from the prior art can be applied to one or both ionization electrodes.
  • it is intended to manufacture one of the ionization electrodes 15, 16 from a scale-resistant material, e.g. aluminum-containing steel, while the other is made from a non-scale-resistant material, e.g. a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • a scale-resistant material e.g. aluminum-containing steel
  • a non-scale-resistant material e.g. a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • FIG.4 A fourth embodiment of the invention is shown schematically.
  • the first 15 and the second 16 ionization electrodes are connected to form a type of structural unit by having a common leadthrough/holder 17 and/or at least one connecting bridge 19.
  • they can be replaced together with the same effort as with a single ionization electrode.
  • stability is increased and the ionization signal is stronger and less susceptible to interference.
  • This design can also contain ionization electrodes 15, 16 made of different materials and/or with different dimensions. However, preferably only one supply line and only one evaluation electronics 12 are required.
  • Fig.5 schematically illustrates a further embodiment of the invention, in which the first 15 and the second 16 ionization electrodes are arranged at different positions in the combustion chamber 2.
  • This can have advantages, for example, with different outputs of the burner 3 or with regard to susceptibility to faults.
  • the material of the ionization electrodes 15, 16 can be adapted to the respective installation position in order to achieve the longest possible service life.
  • the present invention makes it possible to precisely regulate a fuel gas-air combination in a heater, to achieve a high level of security against disturbances in the ionization measurement and a long service life without maintenance, whereby continued operation is still possible even if individual components fail.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Agencement destiné à la mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion (2) d'un appareil de chauffage (1), auquel peut être amené un mélange gaz de combustion-air et dans laquelle ce mélange peut être brûlé, dans lequel, à l'exception d'une électrode d'allumage (13) et/ou d'une électrode de masse (14), au moins deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) destinées à la mesure de l'ionisation sont présentes et dans lequel les deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) sont respectivement reliées ou peuvent être reliées individuellement à une électronique d'évaluation (12), de sorte que leurs signaux d'ionisation puissent être évalués séparément, caractérisé en ce qu'une (15) des électrodes d'ionisation est en un matériau résistant au calaminage et l'autre (16) est en un matériau ne résistant pas au calaminage.
  2. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) peuvent être reliées électriquement l'une à l'autre, de sorte qu'un signal d'ionisation commun puisse être dérivé de celles-ci.
  3. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) sont disposées au niveau de positions différentes par rapport à une zone de flammes (4) dans la chambre de combustion (2).
  4. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) sont reliées mécaniquement l'une à l'autre par le biais d'un support commun (17) et/ou par le biais d'au moins un pont de liaison (19).
  5. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une électrode d'ionisation (15) est constituée d'un matériau contenant de l'aluminium et l'autre électrode d'ionisation (16) ne contient pas d'aluminium ou en contient peu.
  6. Procédé destiné à la mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion (2) d'un appareil de chauffage (1) avec un agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 5, auquel peut être amené un mélange gaz de combustion-air (20) et dans laquelle ce mélange peut être brûlé, dans lequel l'ionisation est mesurée au moyen de deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) disposées à cet effet dans la chambre de combustion (2) dont les signaux de mesure sont traités séparément en alternance par une ou en parallèle par deux électroniques d'évaluation (12) et ensuite comparés entre eux et/ou fusionnés entre eux.
  7. Procédé destiné à la mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion (2) d'un appareil de chauffage (1) avec un agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 5, auquel peut être amené un mélange gaz de combustion-air (20) et dans lequel ce mélange peut être brûlé, dans lequel l'ionisation est mesurée au moyen de deux électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16) disposées à cet effet dans la chambre de combustion dont des signaux de mesure sont amenés dans une alternance périodique ou épisodique à une électronique d'évaluation (12) commune, comparés entre eux après une alternance et utilisés en cas de besoin pour un réétalonnage d'un ou des deux signaux de mesure.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, dans lequel, lors de la détection d'une erreur au niveau d'une des électrodes d'ionisation (15, 16), seule l'autre (16, ou 15) est utilisée pour la mesure de l'ionisation.
  9. Produit de programme informatique, comprenant des instructions qui font en sorte que, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées par le biais d'une ou deux électroniques d'évaluation (12) d'un appareil de chauffage (1) avec un agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, l'appareil de chauffage (1) exécute les étapes de procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8.
EP21206462.0A 2020-11-12 2021-11-04 Agencements et procédé de mesure d'une ionisation dans une chambre de combustion d'un brûleur à prémélange Active EP4023941B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020129816.1A DE102020129816A1 (de) 2020-11-12 2020-11-12 Anordnungen und Verfahren zum Messen einer Ionisation in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Vormisch-Brenners

Publications (4)

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EP4023941A2 EP4023941A2 (fr) 2022-07-06
EP4023941A3 EP4023941A3 (fr) 2022-08-17
EP4023941B1 true EP4023941B1 (fr) 2024-08-21
EP4023941C0 EP4023941C0 (fr) 2024-08-21

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DE (1) DE102020129816A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4435322A1 (fr) * 2023-03-24 2024-09-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Régulation d'un dispositif de combustion

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ATE189301T1 (de) 1995-10-25 2000-02-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und schaltung zur regelung eines gasbrenners
DE29608070U1 (de) 1996-04-25 1996-11-28 Rauschert GmbH & Co. KG, Technische Keramik und Kunststoff-Formteile, 96332 Pressig Zündbrenner mit Masseelektrode
JP3736929B2 (ja) * 1997-03-27 2006-01-18 株式会社ガスター 燃焼装置
ITAN20020038A1 (it) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-06 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Ora Ariston Thermo Spa Sistema di controllo della combustione a sensore virtuale di lambda.
AT505442B1 (de) 2007-07-13 2009-07-15 Vaillant Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur brenngas-luft-einstellung für einen brenngasbetriebenen brenner
WO2010094673A1 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Bekaert Combust. Technol. B.V. Brûleur à gaz à pré-mélange avec surveillance et régulation améliorées de la flamme
JP5274442B2 (ja) * 2009-12-22 2013-08-28 株式会社パロマ 燃焼装置
DE102010004345B4 (de) 2010-01-11 2018-02-22 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrode zur Flammenüberwachung an einem Heizungsbrenner
DE102010021997B4 (de) 2010-05-29 2018-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gasbrenner für ein Heizgerät
PL2466204T3 (pl) 2010-12-16 2014-04-30 Siemens Ag Urządzenie regulujące dla instalacji palnikowej
DE102011079325B4 (de) 2011-07-18 2017-01-26 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Luftzahlregelung eines Brenners
DE102013106987A1 (de) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-08 Karl Dungs Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Brennwertgröße sowie gasbetriebene Einrichtung mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung
DE102019119186A1 (de) 2019-01-29 2020-07-30 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches in einem Heizgerät

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Publication number Publication date
EP4023941C0 (fr) 2024-08-21
DE102020129816A1 (de) 2022-05-12
EP4023941A3 (fr) 2022-08-17
EP4023941A2 (fr) 2022-07-06

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