EP3655802A1 - Polarisationswandler mit reflektiver axikonoptik - Google Patents
Polarisationswandler mit reflektiver axikonoptikInfo
- Publication number
- EP3655802A1 EP3655802A1 EP18733825.6A EP18733825A EP3655802A1 EP 3655802 A1 EP3655802 A1 EP 3655802A1 EP 18733825 A EP18733825 A EP 18733825A EP 3655802 A1 EP3655802 A1 EP 3655802A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- axicon
- polarization
- reflective
- polarization converter
- optics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/001—Axicons, waxicons, reflaxicons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0652—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3066—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state involving the reflection of light at a particular angle of incidence, e.g. Brewster's angle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a polarization converter for changing the polarization state of collimated light.
- Laser sources known from the prior art emit laser light having a linear polarization which is not rotationally symmetrical with respect to the beam direction of the laser light. It is known that linearly polarized laser light due to the different absorptivity of the parallel component and the vertically oriented component in the material processing causes a cutting direction-dependent material removal, which affects the quality of material processing.
- the optical path for rotation of the polarization state is in an optically dense medium, usually glass, preferably quartz glass. This is accompanied by a partial absorption of the coupled-in laser radiation and its conversion into heat, which limits the transmissible radiation energy.
- refractive polarization transducers due to the dispersion, cause a generally undesirable broadening of ultrashort laser pulses.
- polarization transducers have a reduced or no polarization-rotating effect and a reduced radiation density on the exit side in the central region around the optical axis. This prevents or hampers the applicability of such polarization transducers for laser processing methods, since laser sources with Gaussian radiance distribution arranged on the inlet side and arranged from the prior art couple most of the radiant energy near the optical axis.
- segmented wave plates are known from the prior art in azimuth angle ranges, with which a polarization rotation dependent on the azimuth angle in coarse angular steps of approximately 30 ° can be achieved. Thus, a reduction, but no cancellation of the cutting direction-dependent differences in material removal is possible.
- segmented wave plates splices along the segment boundaries are required, the production of which is complex and increase the risk of breakage.
- nematic liquid crystals and nano-structured retardation plates are known with which linearly polarized light can be transformed into radially or azimuthally polarized light.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying polarization transducers for the transformation of collimated light with circular or linear polarization into light with radial polarization or in light with azimuthal polarization.
- the invention is based on the object, such polarization specify transducers, which are suitable for the transformation of laser light very short pulsed laser with a pulse duration of at most 150 femtoseconds and with a high radiation energy in the continuous wave mode of up to 7 kilowatts.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying such polarization transducers which are suitable for a large wavelength range from 250 nanometers to 2500 nanometers, preferably from 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such polarization converters.
- the object is achieved in terms of the polarization converter according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
- the object is achieved in terms of the manufacturing method for a polarization converter according to the invention by the features of claim 8.
- the object is achieved with regard to the laser optics according to the invention by the features of claim 11.
- a polarization converter includes a refractive axicon optic having a first hollow axicon and a first inner axicon concentrically disposed therein.
- the hollow axicon has a recess in the shape of a straight truncated cone.
- the inner axicon has the shape of a straight cone and is arranged concentrically in the hollow axicon, wherein the cone tip points to the tip of the truncated cone-shaped recess and wherein the lateral surface of the truncated cone-shaped recess is spaced from the lateral surface of the inner axicon.
- the inner axicon and the frusto-conical recess have the same cone angle.
- the lateral surfaces are provided with a reflective coating.
- the annular base of the hollow axon and the base of the inner axon are flush and concentrically arranged on a first plane surface of an optically transparent support plate, so that the axons are perpendicular to the support plate.
- an entrance hatch At the truncated cone tip of the recess of the hollow axon is arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the hollow axon, which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the inner axicon and forms an optical axis, an entrance hatch.
- the exit hatch of the reflective axicon optics is formed by the annular gap concentrically located between the bases of the axons.
- the polarization converter comprises a first half-wave plate aligned perpendicular to this optical axis and arranged at the exit of the reflective axial optics, which causes a delay of the slow relative to the fast light propagation direction by half a wavelength.
- a half-wave plate causes a reflection of the polarization direction on the crystallographic axis of the first half-wave plate.
- the reflective coating of the lateral surfaces of the axicon has a polarizing effect and has a fast axis and a slow axis. Each reflection on the reflective coating produces a phase difference between the fast axis aligned component of the reflected light and the slow axis aligned component of the reflected light.
- polarizing reflective coatings are known in the art. It is also known how the phase difference between the fast and the slow axis can be controlled by forming the reflective coating, for example by choosing the coating thickness.
- the reflective coating of the lateral surfaces causes a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 plus an integer multiple of ⁇ .
- the cone angle of the inner axicon is selected to be 45 ° to allow the shortest possible length of a reflective axicon optics.
- Such a reflective axicon optics thus effects a quarter-wave plate as an azimuth angle-dependent change in the direction of polarization and makes it possible to transform an incident collimated near-axis bundle light with circular polarization in annular emerging light.
- this light is converted into an azimuthalhomogeneous linear polarization, wherein this first half-wave plate is arranged so that the crystal axis is rotated by ⁇ / 8 or 22.5 ° relative to the azimuth angle of the entrance plane of the incoming collimated light.
- the reflective axicon optics according to the invention has the advantage that the tapered tip of the conical inner axicon can be manufactured more accurately, more easily and in particular with a smaller tip diameter than the tip of the conical recess with the inner circumferential surface of a conical Recess in a known refractive axicon. Due to the limitations of the tools which can be used in the shaping of this conical recess, for example by means of diamond turning, a dead zone inevitably arises around the optical axis, in which the inner circumferential surface is opposite the - -
- a further advantage of the reflective axicon optics is that the incoming light propagates essentially in air and is reflected only at two highly reflective boundary surfaces, the lateral surfaces provided with the reflective coatings.
- optical losses to propagation in an optically dense medium such as glass of the optically dense medium to air in refractive axial optics of the prior art can be reduced. This also increases, due to the reduced absorption, the non-destructive transmissive light output.
- the reflective axicon optics is therefore particularly advantageous for the polarization rotation of light of high-power and short-pulse or ultrashort pulsed laser sources.
- the cone angle of the inner axon is independent of the critical angle of total reflection in an optically dense medium selectable.
- the geometry of the reflective axicon optics can be designed independently of the refractive index difference between the optically dense medium and the surrounding medium, and thus also independently of the wavelength fed light.
- the cone angle of the inner axicon, and thus the cone angle of the hollow axon can be chosen so that a production is particularly easy.
- a further advantage of the reflective axicon optics is that highly reflective coatings can be produced for a wide wavelength range and thus can be used more widely than dispersion-limited refractive axial optics according to the prior art, in which the critical angle of total reflection for the choice of the cone angle has to be taken into account. For example, this makes it possible for a laser with an emitted fundamental wavelength to have the same polarity. - -
- Very short laser pulses for example laser pulses with a pulse duration of at most 150 femtoseconds, have very broad spectra and are therefore widened in transmissive optics due to dispersion. This undesirable pulse extension is avoided in the inventive reflective axicon optics in an advantageous manner, since the optical path here, with the exception of the holding plate is predominantly in air.
- a second hollow axicon is uniformly shaped and arranged mirror-symmetrically to the first hollow axicon on a second planar surface of the holding plate of the reflective axicon optical system opposite the first planar surface.
- a second inner axicon is arranged mirror-symmetrically to the first inner axicon.
- At the top of the frusto-conical recess of the second hollow axon is arranged centrally and thus concentrically to the optical axis an exit hatch.
- the reflective coating and the cone angles of the axicon are the same.
- the light exits from the reflective axicon optics with paired axons from the central exit hatch of the second outer hollow axon and thus in a beam profile arranged close to the optical axis.
- the reflective coating of the lateral surfaces causes a total of a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 plus an integer multiple of ⁇ .
- Embodiment arranged so that the crystal axis is rotated by ⁇ / 8 or 22.5 ° relative to the azimuth angle of the entrance plane of the incoming collimated light.
- the mirrored to the support plate beam guide is particularly suitable for laser light, which is bundled with high energy density, for example, for material removal, to be used.
- Another advantage of this embodiment is that the diameter of the incoming collimated light beam remains unchanged as it passes through such paired axicon polarization converter.
- Such a mirrored beam path can also be achieved with a paired refractive axial optics from the prior art.
- the reflective axicon optics has the additional advantage of a particularly small optical dead zone around the apex of the inner axicon.
- the emerging beam path in the central region around the optical axis which is of particular interest for these applications, is considerably less affected with respect to the polarization state and the beam density, and a dead zone is achieved in the central region about the optical axis with a diameter of less than 100 micrometers.
- the diameter of the dead optical zone is in a refractive axicon optics because of the unavoidable in the production of the conical inner lateral surface blunting of the apex is about 5 millimeters and is thus considerably larger.
- a second half-wave plate is arranged on the outlet side after and parallel to the first half-wave plate.
- the additional second half-wave plate By means of the additional second half-wave plate, light emerging after the first half-wave plate is transformed with azimuthal-inhomogeneous linear polarization into radially polarized light, wherein the crystal axis of the second half-wave - -
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate is rotated by ⁇ / 8 or -22.5 ° relative to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate, wherein a negative rotation angle corresponds to a rotation opposite to the mathematically positive direction of rotation and thus in a clockwise direction ,
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave when the crystal axis of the second half-wave is rotated at an angle of ⁇ / 4 or 45 ° relative to the azimuth angle of the entrance plane of the incoming collimated light, escaping light with azimuthal polarization is generated.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate is rotated by ⁇ / 8 or 22.5 ° relative to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate, wherein a positive rotation angle corresponds to a rotation in the mathematically positive direction of rotation and thus counterclockwise.
- the reflective coating of the lateral surfaces is designed as a highly reflective coating with a reflectivity of at least 99.7%.
- a particularly low transmission loss along the optical path is achieved by the reflective axial optics and the absorbed radiation energy, which is converted into heat and has to be dissipated, is reduced.
- This allows the use of the polarization converter for laser sources with high emitted radiation energy in the continuous wave mode.
- the broadening of ultrashort laser pulses which is unavoidable due to the dispersion of refractive axial optics according to the prior art is avoided. This is the use of an invented - -
- Polarization converter according to the invention in particular for methods and apparatuses of laser processing, for example, for cutting, drilling or welding of workpieces, allows, where high energy densities are required.
- the highly reflective coating is preferably designed for wavelengths from 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers, particularly preferably for wavelengths from 1030 nanometers to 1070 nanometers.
- This allows the use of a reflective axicon optics for various applications and laser sources, especially for frequency doubled laser sources.
- this allows a modularized design of polarization transducers, since the reflective axicon optics can be constructed independently of the wavelength, and since half wave plates to be adapted to the respective wavelength are available in standardized fashion for many wavelengths and easily exchangeable in an optical system.
- the reflective axicon optic is made in one piece, wherein the axicon is made of quartz glass and connected to a retaining plate made of quartz glass.
- a particularly temperature-stable reflective axicon optics is thus made possible, which can transmit a large radiation energy, preferably a radiation energy of more than 7 kilowatts, corresponding to a power density of 10 joules per square centimeter, without destruction.
- the reflective axicon optic is gripped in a version that can be cooled with a coolant.
- a coolant As a result, improved cooling of the axicon optics and thus a non-destructive transmission of large radiation energies is possible.
- This embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous for use in laser processing methods with short-pulsed lasers of high laser power.
- a laser optics comprises a polarization converter with a reflective axial optic and a laser source arranged on the input side to the polarization converter, wherein the laser source is set up to emit circularly polarized laser light collimated to the optical axis of the polarization converter.
- Such laser sources comprising a laser which emits linearly polarized light and a quarter wave plate arranged downstream in the beam path whose crystal axis is rotated by ⁇ / 4 or 45 ° with respect to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted by the laser are known from the prior art.
- a laser source adapted for the output of collimated linearly polarized laser light to the optical axis of the polarization converter.
- a quarter-wave plate is arranged on the input side of the polarization converter whose crystal axis is rotated by ⁇ / 4 or 45 ° with respect to the polarization direction of the laser light.
- Such recording devices for quarter-wave plates are known from the prior art.
- laser light of the laser source is transformed into radially or azimuthally polarized laser light and thus enables a material removal that is independent of the cutting direction when the radially or azimuthally polarized laser light impinges on a workpiece.
- the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate is rotated by ⁇ / 8 or 22.5 ° relative to the azimuth angle of the entrance plane of the linearly polarized light emitted from the laser source.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate is at the azimuth angle of the entrance plane for the generation of radially polarized light.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate is ⁇ / 4 or 45 ° relative to the azimuth angle.
- Such a laser optics is advantageously suitable for laser processing methods with a particularly high quality of processing.
- a polarization-maintaining scanning optics is arranged on the exit side of the polarization converter, which is arranged to pivot along at least one scan direction a collimated beam emerging from the polarization converter to the optical axis of the polarization converter.
- a beam former for adjusting the diameter of the collimated beam emerging from the polarization converter to the polarization-maintaining scanning optics is arranged on the inlet side and / or outlet side of the polarization converter.
- a polarization converter for scanning optics with different input apertures and / or different pivot ranges can thus be adapted.
- the hollow truncated cone-shaped recess of the at least one hollow axicon and the at least one inner axicon are made by diamond turning with an angle deviation of the cone angle of at most 0.01 ° and a surface deviation of at most one Fresnel ring at 546 A nanometer shaped, wherein a cone tip is formed with a tip diameter of at most 800 microns.
- the hollow truncated cone-shaped recess of the at least one hollow axicon and the at least one inner axicon to be formed by polishing.
- the polishing movements are controlled on an axial cone so - -
- the axons are permanently connected by means of directional kitten with the holding plate to a one-piece reflective axicon optics, preferably glued.
- This one-piece reflective Axikonoptik is taken with the at least one half-wave plate in a socket.
- the socket may provide a device for detachably connecting a second half-wave plate to the outlet.
- the alignment of the polarization converter is simplified by the cementing of the axicon and the retaining plate to a one-piece reflective axicon optics.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a polarization converter with refractive axial optics according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the transformation of polarization states by means of half-wave plates according to the prior art, - -
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a polarization converter with reflective
- FIG. 5 shows schematically a laser optics with a polarization converter.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a polarization converter P with a refractive axicon optical system 100 for changing the polarization state of collimated light.
- the axial optics 100 has the outer shape of a truncated cone with an outer lateral surface 100.2, which is rotationally symmetrical to an optical axis X.
- the truncated cone is truncated with a flat surface 100.3, which points perpendicular to the optical axis X to the inlet E.
- a first half-wave plate 5 is arranged on the exit side of the refractive axial optics 100.
- a conical recess with an inner circumferential surface 100.1 is incorporated.
- the opening angle of the inner lateral surface 100.1 and the opening angle of the outer lateral surface 100.2 match and form the cone angle ß.
- the perpendicular to the optical axis X to the exit A facing base 100.4 of the axicon lens 100 is thus annular.
- a bundle to the optical axis X of collimated rays S enters perpendicular to the plane surface 100.3 and perpendicular to the annular base 100.4.
- Such refractive axicon optics 100 thus acts as a quarter wave plate with an azimuth angle-dependent polarization orientation and makes it possible to transform an incident collimated bundle near the axis of light in an annular manner. If the incident light has circular polarization PI, the light emerging from the first half-wave plate 5 has azimuthally inhomogeneous linear polarization P2.
- the incident light with circular polarization PI is generated from linearly polarized light which is passed through a quarter wave plate rotated by ⁇ / 4 to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light, then the crystal axis is - -
- the first half-wave plate 5 to be arranged rotated relative to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light in a rotation angle of ⁇ / 8.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is to be arranged pointing in the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is rotated by ⁇ / 8 relative to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate 5, the negative sign indicating a rotation counter to the mathematically positive direction of rotation.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is to be rotated by ⁇ / 4 or 45 ° relative to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is rotated by ⁇ / 8 with respect to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate 5, the positive sign indicating a rotation in the mathematically positive direction of rotation.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a polarization converter P having a reflective axial optics 1 according to the invention and a downstream half-wave plate 5.
- the reflective axicon optic 1 comprises a first outer hollow axon 2 and a first inner axicon 3 arranged coaxially to the optical axis X.
- the hollow axles 2 has a frustoconical recess with a lateral surface 2.1, which converges in a cone angle ⁇ .
- a centric inlet hatch 2.2 is arranged at the tapered end of the lateral surface 2.1 .
- Overlying divergent end of the lateral surface 2.1 is the Hohlaxi- con- 2 closed by an annular base 2.3.
- the inner axicon 3 is formed as a cone with the same cone angle ß as the frusto-conical recess of the hollow axon 2 and has a lateral surface 3.1 and a base 3.3.
- the base surfaces 2.3, 3.3 of the axons 2, 3 are mounted flush on a first planar surface 4.1 of an optically transparent support plate 4 and concentric with the optical axis X, the lateral surfaces 2.1, 3.1 being spaced apart. Because of the same cone angle ⁇ of both axons 2, 3, the lateral surfaces 2.1, 3.1 lie parallel to one another and coaxial to the optical axis X.
- Each of the lateral surfaces 2.1, 3.1 is provided with a highly reflective coating HR, which has a reflectivity of at least 99.7% in a wavelength range from 250 nanometers to 2500 nanometers, preferably from
- the highly reflective coating HR has a polarizing effect and has a fast axis and a slow axis. Each reflection on the highly reflective coating HR produces a phase difference between the component of the reflected light aligned along the fast axis and the component of the reflected light aligned along the slow axis.
- Such polarizing highly reflective coatings HR are known from the prior art. It is also known how the phase difference between the fast and the slow axis can be controlled by forming the highly reflective coating HR, for example by choosing the coating thickness.
- the highly reflective coating HR is designed so that it depends on the cone angle ß of both axons 2, 3 in reflections to the - -
- the reflective axicon optic 1 functions as a quarter-wavelength plate with azimuth angle-dependent polarization orientation and makes it possible to transform an incident collimated near-axis bundle of light having circular polarization PI into annular emergent light.
- the annular surface remaining between the base surfaces 2.3, 3.3 of the axons 2, 3 and concentric with the optical axis X forms the exit hatch for this embodiment of a reflective axicon optical system 1.
- downstream half-wave plate 5 an azimuthally inhomogeneous linear polarization P2 is generated.
- second half-wave plate 6 is connected downstream, with which the azimuthally inhomogeneous linear polarization P2 in a radial polarization P3 or in an azimuthal polarization P4 can be transferred.
- the inventive reflective axicon optics 1 has the advantage that the tapered tip of the conical inner axicon 3 can be made more accurate, lighter and in particular with a smaller tip diameter than the tip of the conical recess with the Inner circumferential surface 100.1 in the refractive axial optics 100. Due to the limitations of the tools that can be used during diamond turning of this conical recess, a dead zone inevitably arises around the optical axis X, in which the inner lateral surface 100.1 is flattened or rounded off from the cone angle ⁇ . Thus, light injected within this dead zone is lost for polarization rotation and is largely converted to heat that is difficult or impossible to dissipate. - -
- refiective axicon optics 1 Another advantage of the refiective axicon optics 1 is that the incoming light propagates essentially in air and is reflected only at two highly reflective boundary surfaces, the lateral surfaces 2.1, 3.1 provided with the reflective coatings HR. Thus, optical losses to glass propagation and total internal reflection at the glass to air interface in a prior art refractive axial optic 100 can be reduced. This also increases, due to the reduced absorption, the non-destructive transmissive light output.
- the reflective axicon optics is therefore particularly advantageous for the polarization rotation of high-power, short-pulse or ultrashort-pulsed laser sources.
- a further advantage of the refiective axicon optics 1 is that highly reflective coatings HR can be produced for a broad wavelength range and thus can be used for a wider range than dispersion-limited refractive axicon optics 100 according to the prior art. For example, this makes it possible to use the same polarization converter P for a laser with an emitted fundamental wavelength as for a frequency-doubled laser source based on this laser.
- Very short laser pulses for example laser pulses with a pulse duration of at most 150 femtoseconds, have very broad spectra and are therefore widened in transmissive optics due to dispersion.
- This undesired pulse extension is advantageously avoided in the refractive axial optics 1 according to the invention, since the optical path here, with the exception of the retaining plate 4, extends predominantly in air.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a refiective axicon optics 1 with paired axons, in which a first and an identically formed second hollow axles 2, 2 'and a first and an identically formed second inner axicon 3, 3' along the optical axis X are each arranged opposite one another on the holding plate 4.
- a refiective axicon optics 1 with paired axons in which a first and an identically formed second hollow axles 2, 2 'and a first and an identically formed second inner axicon 3, 3' along the optical axis X are each arranged opposite one another on the holding plate 4.
- At least one reflection takes place at each of the lateral surfaces 3.1, 2.1, 2 '.1, 3' .1 coated with a highly reflective coating HR, each of which has a phase difference between the two produced perpendicular-polarized and the parallel-polarized component.
- the reflective axicon optics 1 acts as a quarter-wavelength plate with an azimuth angle-dependent polarization orientation and, together with the downstream half-wave plate 5, allows an incident collimated near-axis bundle to transform light with circular polarization PI into emergent light with azimuthally homogeneous linear polarization P2.
- a further, not shown here second half-wave plate 6 is connected downstream, with which the azimuthalhomogener linear polarization P2 in a radial polarization P3 or in an azimuthal polarization P4 can be transferred.
- the light from the reflective axicon optics 1 with paired axons emerges from a centrally arranged exit hatch 2 '.2 of the second outer hollow axon 2' and thus in a beam profile arranged close to the optical axis X. , - -
- Such a mirrored beam path can also be achieved with a paired refractive axial optics 100 from the prior art.
- the reflective axicon optics 1 has the additional advantage of a particularly small dead zone around the conical tip of the inner axons 3, 3 '.
- the emerging beam path in the central region which is particularly interesting for these applications, about the optical axis X is considerably less affected with regard to the polarization state and the beam density.
- the optical dead zone in the central region about the optical axis X is greater in a refractive axial optics 100 because of the unavoidable blunting of the conical tip during the production of the cone-shaped recessed inner lateral surface 100.1.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a laser processing system with a polarization converter P with a mounted reflective axicon optical system 1 in the embodiment as a paired axicon optical system.
- On both sides of the holding plate 4 of optically transparent material are each mirror-symmetrically arranged two inner axons 3, 3 'and two outer axons 2, 2' each with the base 2.3, 2'.3, 3.3, 3'.3 to the holding plate 4, wherein an inner axicon 3, 3 'in each case concentric with the optical axis X in the frusto-conical recess of the outer axicon 2, 2' is arranged. All axons 2, 2 ', 3, 3' have the same cone angle ß.
- the central openings of the outer axons 2, 2 ' act as entrance hatch 2.2 and exit hatch 2'.2, respectively
- this azimuthally homogeneous linearly polarized light is further transformed into light having a radial polarization P3 or an azimuthal polarization P4.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is aligned in the direction of polarization of the linearly polarized laser light emitted by the laser source 8 and thus rotated by ⁇ / 8 with respect to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate 5.
- the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 6 is rotated by ⁇ / 4 with respect to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized laser light emitted by the laser source 8 and thus rotated by ⁇ / 8 with respect to the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate 5.
- the azimuthally polarized light emerging from the polarization converter P is directed onto a workpiece W by a polarization-maintaining scanning optics 10.
- a beam shaper 9 is arranged, with which the beam diameter of the emerging from the polarization converter P beam can be adapted to the scanning optics 10.
- an alternative or an additional beam shaper is arranged in the beam path between the laser source 8 and the entrance E of the polarization converter P.
- the reflective Axikonoptik 1 and the half-wave plates 5, 6 are held in a tubular socket 7, which has on its outer surface cooling ribs 7.1.
- the cooling fins 7.1 can be hollow and of a cooling liquid - -
- cooling fins 7.1 With the cooling fins 7.1 an improved removal of heat is ensured, which results from optical losses in the reflection of the coatings HR and in the transmission through the support plate 4 and the half-wave plates 5, 6. As a result, it is possible to guide light of pulsed laser sources 8, which is suitable for machining workpieces W, through the polarization converter P in a non-destructive manner and to transform it into a radial or azimuthal polarization P3, P4 which is particularly advantageous for material processing.
- polarization-changing effective components of the polarization converter P in particular the reflective Axiko- noptik 1 and the half-wave plates 5, 6, fixed to each other.
- a polarization converter P is thus particularly easy to integrate into a laser processing system, in particular with low adjustment effort.
- the second half-wave plate 6 can be arranged outside the socket 7 and with this releasably connectable.
- the second half-wave plate 6 can be arranged to be rotatable and lockable in fixed angular steps. Thereby, it is possible to provide a polarization converter P for both the generation of radially polarized light and for the generation of azimuthally polarized light.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017116477.4A DE102017116477B4 (de) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | Polarisationswandler mit reflektiver Axikonoptik, Laseroptik, und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polarisationswandlers |
PCT/EP2018/066188 WO2019015902A1 (de) | 2017-07-21 | 2018-06-19 | Polarisationswandler mit reflektiver axikonoptik |
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EP3655802A1 true EP3655802A1 (de) | 2020-05-27 |
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EP18733825.6A Withdrawn EP3655802A1 (de) | 2017-07-21 | 2018-06-19 | Polarisationswandler mit reflektiver axikonoptik |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3655802A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017116477B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019015902A1 (de) |
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US11555965B1 (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-17 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Illumination frustums for photoconductive switches |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5607730A (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-03-04 | Clover Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for laser coating |
DE10321598A1 (de) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Beleuchtungssystem mit Axikon-Modul |
ATE544206T1 (de) * | 2008-08-08 | 2012-02-15 | Bystronic Laser Ag | Verfahren und anordnung zur erzeugung von azimutaler polarisation in einer laserlichtquelle und verwendung dieser anordnung zur lasermaterialbearbeitung |
US8238042B2 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-08-07 | CVI Melles Griot, Inc. | Reflective axicon systems and methods |
US9086509B2 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2015-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Azicon beam polarization devices |
WO2013118810A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-15 | 学校法人埼玉医科大学 | 軸対称偏光変換素子 |
US9821522B2 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2017-11-21 | Poincare Systems, Inc. | Axicons and methods of making the same |
CN103424870B (zh) | 2012-09-19 | 2015-10-28 | 上海理工大学 | 产生柱矢量光束的装置及方法 |
FR3012059B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-01-08 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Methode et dispositif de micro-usinage par laser |
DE102014215952B4 (de) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-11-10 | Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik Gmbh | Beleuchtungsmodul für einen optischen Sensor sowie optischer Sensor mit einem solchen Belechtungsmodul für ein Koordinatenmessgerät zur Vermessung von Innengewinden oder Bohrlöchern eines Werkstücks |
CN104297939B (zh) | 2014-09-23 | 2016-09-28 | 武汉博问光电有限公司 | 一种用于选择角向偏振的激光器尾镜组件 |
-
2017
- 2017-07-21 DE DE102017116477.4A patent/DE102017116477B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-06-19 WO PCT/EP2018/066188 patent/WO2019015902A1/de unknown
- 2018-06-19 EP EP18733825.6A patent/EP3655802A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
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DE102017116477B4 (de) | 2021-08-19 |
WO2019015902A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
DE102017116477A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
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