EP3558670A1

EP3558670A1 - Laminated glazing

Info

Publication number: EP3558670A1
Application number: EP17840556.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Yannick Sartenaer; Giovanni OCCHIONORELLI; Denis Legrand; Marek LATNER; Maxime COLLIGNON
Original assignee: AGC Glass Europe SA
Current assignee: AGC Glass Europe SA
Priority date: 2016-12-21
Filing date: 2017-12-20
Publication date: 2019-10-30
Also published as: JP2020514216A; US20190337269A1; CN110114214B; JP7372148B2; KR20190098185A; EA201991482A1; CN110114214A; EA038461B1; US11097515B2; WO2018115090A1

Abstract

The invention relates to laminated glazing comprising a first (11) and a second (12) sheet of glass laminated via at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20), and an optical sensor arranged on the inner face of the laminated glazing. According to the invention, this type of glazing comprises at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20) including a zone that is opaque to visible wavelengths (21) and that extends at least in the zone surrounding the optical sensor (51).

Description

Laminated glass

The invention relates to glazings comprising patterns limiting the light transmission. More particularly, the invention relates to glazings comprising patterns limiting the light transmission and an optical sensor such as a camera, an infrared camera, a Lidar, a laser pointer .... A large part of automotive glazing comprises enamelled patterns intended to hide unsightly elements, including glue joints, electrical connections and especially those related to a possible camera disposed on the glazing, etc. Traditionally, these patterns are obtained by applying a composition comprising a glass frit, pigments and a vector in which the frit and the pigments are suspended. The application of these enamel compositions is followed by a high temperature firing which melts the frit and sets the enamel to the support.

If a large part of automotive glazing includes such patterns, architectural glazing or industrial use, may also have such reasons very limiting the light transmission. For this reason, even if the invention is primarily intended for application to automotive glazing, it also relates to other types of glazing and generally all applications of patterns on glass sheets, especially when these ci present in their constitution or in their implementation, constraints including heat treatment or capturing images.

For simplicity, the remainder of the description refers essentially to automotive glazing, it being understood that this does not limit the object of the invention.

Most usually the application of enamelled patterns on the glass is achieved by a screen printing technique. The applied composition is dried to remove most of the vector, and fired to fix the constituents on the glass sheet. The cooking of the enamel composition can be performed during a forming treatment of the sheet. The temperature conditions in which the forming takes place, be it quenching or bending, are such that the melting temperature of the frit is greatly exceeded.

One difficulty is to prevent the melted composition from adhering to objects in contact with the sheet during this operation. In particular in the bending of sets comprising two identical sheets intended to constitute a laminated glazing, it is necessary to take precautions so that the enamel composition is not transferred from one sheet to another.

Moreover, the presence of the enamelled composition on a glass sheet causes various difficulties in the implementation of these bending / quenching operations, by locally modifying the thermal behavior of the sheet. The presence of enamel results in a significant difference in the absorption of the thermal radiation, causing, locally, differences in the kinetics of forming. These differences, if they are not taken into account in the processing conditions, lead to irregularities in forming.

Difficulties of the type mentioned above are well known. Known solutions also make it possible to overcome these difficulties all the more conveniently since the shape imposed on the leaves is not too complex. For very complex forms, it is most often necessary to form the sheets by means of partial pressing which necessarily entails contact with the enamelled parts.

For simplicity, the numbering of the sheets of glass in the following description refers to the numbering nomenclature conventionally used for glazing. Thus, the face of the laminate which is in contact with the environment outside the vehicle is known as the face 1 and the surface in contact with the internal medium, that is to say the passenger compartment of the vehicle, is called face 4.

For the avoidance of doubt, the terms "external" and "internal" refer to the orientation of the glazing when installed as glazing in a vehicle. In addition, when using an optical sensor such as a camera, an infrared camera, a Lidar, or a laser pointer conventionally arranged near the interior rearview mirror, a distortion of the image picked up by the optical sensor, and in particular the camera, is induced by the presence of enamel around the area commonly known as the "camera zone". It is understood that the optical sensor may be disposed in another area than that near the mirror. Indeed, it could be arranged for example in an area at the periphery of the glazing or in any other area likely to receive such a sensor. To avoid these difficulties and to meet the masking requirements, the invention proposes glazings and in particular laminated glazings comprising a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible. In particular, the invention consists in substituting the serigraphy usually used on at least the face 2 or the face 4 to hide the edge of the glazing, by a thermoplastic interlayer film comprising an area opaque to the visible wavelength radiation and to ultraviolet (UV). The implementation of this thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the lengths of the visible and ultraviolet (UV) and thus without frit does not require a "cooking" at a relatively high temperature, such as that achieved with enamel compositions .

More particularly, the present invention provides a laminated glazing unit and in particular a laminated glazing unit comprising a thermoplastic interlayer comprising a zone that is opaque to visible and ultraviolet (UV) wavelength radiation and an optical sensor, in particular a fixed camera. on the inner face of the laminated glazing.

Conventionally, automotive laminated glazings are printed on the entire periphery of the edges of the glazing and in the integration zone of the sensors on face 2 and / or face 4, to form an occultation band, in order to protect the UV radiation the bonding system that ensures the adhesion of elements added to the glazing such as busbars, connectors, heating networks, brackets, etc .. and on the other hand to hide these elements and hide the cameras, other optical detectors such as rain detectors ...

Thus, the purpose of the strip is twofold, on the one hand aesthetics, because from the outside all these elements are not visible, on the other hand, to avoid the damage to the glue induced by exposure to radiation solar.

Generally, the impression used is the screen printing of the enamel. Indeed, the enamel provides the optical qualities required and sufficient masking elements such as those mentioned above.

However, screen printing on glass sheets is not without inconvenience. In a laminate, the enamel is screen printed on the inside face of the glass sheet intended for the outer position, that is to say in contact with the atmosphere, called face 2, and / or on the outside face of the sheet glass for the inner position, called the face 4, which is in contact with the interior atmosphere, including the passenger compartment of a vehicle.

In addition, the solutions of the prior art require provision of pre-cooking facilities of the enamel for the face 2. These facilities therefore represent a cost related to the investment of equipment, maintenance, consumption of energy, maintenance ...

Moreover, the presence of enamel strips on the faces 2 and 4 is not without effect on the behavior of the glass during its bending, because they cause the glass to absorb infrared radiation (IR), and this locally on the periphery of the glazing, while the inner surface of the glass will only absorb weakly, this is even more true for windshields for which the glass sheets are generally clear glasses, this l is even more so when reflective layers are used. In this implementation, highly absorbent areas are mixed with highly reflective areas.

This results in a glass defect called "burn line" which is a local deformation related to these two phenomena and parallel to the black bands enamel, they are all the stronger as the black bands are wide. This is the reason why these bum lines are mainly visible in high and low windshields, that is to say the lower and upper areas of the windshield. The lateral black bands are generally thin so as to maximize the field of view.

This "bum line" is even more troublesome when a camera, nowadays commonly used in modern vehicles, is disposed in front of the windshield 4. Indeed, the image captured by a camera positioned in front of a conventional windscreen 4 comprising enamel as a masking element has a distortion that can be harmful when analyzing the received images. This is all the more important in so-called "intelligent" vehicles in which the images captured by the camera (s) allow the vehicle to act in the face of an obstacle or an imminent danger.

In order to reduce these optical defects to a minimum, it is known to add thermal masses to the bending tools, which will, as far as possible, absorb the calories captured by the zones of the glass which are overheated locally by the presence of the bands. black.

These masses also have an impact on the energy consumption of the oven and also on cycle times, depending on the complexity of the products to be bombarded.

Thus, the presence of enamel strips impacts not only the process, but also the optical quality of the products and the images captured by possibly a camera disposed on the face 4 of a laminated glazing unit.

Thus, the present invention proposes a solution that significantly reduces or even eliminates the optical distortion of the image picked up by the optical sensor and in particular the camera disposed on the face 4 of the laminated glazing.

According to the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible, is advantageously disposed between the faces 2 and 3 of the laminated glazing during assembly operations comprising a passage in the oven and under pressure (also called lamination).

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the visible wavelengths, is advantageously applied to the face 2 of the laminated glazing at least in the zone known as the "camera zone", that is to say the area around the optical sensor such as a camera, a Lidar .... It is understood that the very area where the optical sensor is located or more particularly the sensor of the camera or cameras is devoid thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to radiation visible wavelengths during assembly operations comprising a passage in the oven and under pressure (also called lamination) as for conventional windshields where the enamel replaces the thermoplastic interlayer.

Opaque zone is defined as the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible, an area whose light transmission is less than 5% and preferably equal to 0% to the incident light. This opaque zone, unlike enamel, allows both to hide elements as connectors (busbars ...), glue ... as enamel but especially simplifies the process of forming a laminated glazing having elements to be masked from both the outside and the inside of the cabin.

For the sake of simplicity, in the remainder of the description, the term "opaque zone" will refer to the area opaque to visible wavelength radiation.

The appearance of the opaque zone must be strictly homogeneous with regard to a coating whose purpose is primarily aesthetic. For the same reasons, the opaque zone must have very precise contours in spite of the difficulty resulting from the nature of the support.

As is apparent from the preceding indications, the use of a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone constitutes a characteristic of the invention, which distinguishes it from enamels usually used.

For the opaque zone used on the glazings to conceal the underlying elements, the required opacity is such that the light transmission is less than 5% and preferably less than 3% and even more preferably equal to 0%.

The purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a laminated glazing unit comprising a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to visible wavelength radiation, making it possible to mask unsightly elements and to improve the quality of the images captured by means of an optical sensor, and in particular, a camera disposed in face 4 of the laminated glazing since the optical distortion in the "camera zone" is significantly reduced or even eliminated.

This object is achieved by the invention which relates to a laminated glazing unit comprising a first and a second glass sheet assembled (laminated) by means of at least one thermoplastic interlayer.

According to the invention, the laminated glazing unit comprises the at least one thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone at visible wavelengths.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said opaque zone extends over the entire periphery of the glass sheet on which it is applied as well as in the "camera zone" or in any zone in which good optical quality is necessary, just as for the enamel layer in conventional glazing. This opaque zone thus replaces the enamel conventionally used.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the opaque zone may extend over a large portion of the laminated glazing. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said opaque zone extends over the entire periphery of the internal face of the outer glass sheet, that is to say, face 2.

Thus, thanks to the invention, the method of masking the unsightly elements is simplified and can be implemented during the assembly process (rolling) of the laminated glazing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone is formed from an opaque frame disposed around the non-opaque zone.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a thermoplastic interlayer in its entirety and size allowing the lamination of the glass sheets together, can be hollowed out of its central portion to form a frame. The central part is then replaced by a non-opaque or transparent thermoplastic interlayer. These two parts, during the lamination process, will merge to form a single piece. Advantageously, the frame is formed of strips of opaque interlayer, for example a PVB or an EVA dyed black in the mass juxtaposed, the strips being arranged around a central part of a thermoplastic interlayer, the pieces will merge together. to form the thermoplastic interlayer which will extend over the entire surface of the glass sheets.

The at least one thermoplastic interlayer may be of any material known in the art capable of forming a laminate. It can be an ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral copolymer, polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the visible lengths is a sheet of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). It is generally available in a thickness of between 0.38 and 1.1 mm, but most often 0.76 mm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone is obtained by mass staining of the periphery of the interlayer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone is obtained by juxtaposition of an opaque colored thermoplastic interlayer frame and a central part formed of a transparent or non-opaque interlayer, the opaque frame and the central portion of the thermoplastic interlayer may be in the same or different thermoplastic material, one being colored and the other not.

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the opaque zone are similar to those usually used for an enamel layer. It is understood that they may be greater or smaller than those of the enamel layer, the aim being that the opaque zone is wide enough to hide the elements glued to the glazing such as busbars, connectors ....

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the lengths of the visible, according to the invention, is disposed substantially on the surface of the glazing.

According to a particular and advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the visible lengths is arranged around the camera area thus reducing the optical distortion in this area.

Advantageously, the laminated glazing further comprises a second thermoplastic interlayer. Preferably, the second thermoplastic interlayer is a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, additional thermoplastic spacers can be arranged between the interlayer thermoplastic comprising an opaque zone and the second glass sheet. In this particular embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interleaves are chosen from a polyvinyl copolymer of butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate, or polyurethane, or polycarbonate.

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, only the lower and upper peripheral zones of the glazing or only the camera zone are covered by the opaque zone of the thermoplastic interlayer while the lateral zones (right-left) of the laminated glazing are provided with a layer of enamel.

In addition, the choice of spacers may be dictated by the need to minimize excessive exposure to UV glazing. The choice of inserts limits this exposure considerably. This is particularly the case for the use of PVB interleaves, which by nature are UV-shielded, allowing only a very small proportion of them to pass through. For PVB films 0.38mm thick more than 95% UV is removed. This proportion may exceed 99%. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) -based polymers are also provided which contain components which impart a very low UV transmission.

Advantageously, the at least one thermoplastic interlayer according to the invention comprises a non-opaque zone which is formed from a thermoplastic interlayer which forms a UV screen, also called "UV-cut".

To achieve certain values of light transmissions, at least one of the glass sheets used in the laminated glazing can be colored. The glazing may also include colored dividers which contribute to the establishment of the desired optical conditions.

Thus, colored thermoplastic interleaves can be superimposed so as to obtain a particular color and / or particular optical conditions.

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the non-opaque part of the interlayer comprising an opaque zone is formed by juxtaposition pieces of colored thermoplastic interleaves so as to obtain, for example, a color gradient or particular patterns.

The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a laminated glazing as described above.

The advantages of this method are the same as those of the devices, they are not detailed further.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible, to hide unsightly elements between two sheets of glass.

For a better understanding, the present invention will now be described in more detail by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the following figures in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a glazing unit 10 known from the prior art comprising an enamel layer on faces 2 and 4.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of a glazing unit 10 according to the invention comprising a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the visible wavelengths.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to visible wavelength radiation, said opaque zone framing a non-opaque zone.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a glazing unit 10 according to the invention comprising an enamel layer comprising dots arranged in face 4.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic plan view of a glazing unit 10 according to the invention comprising a thermoplastic interlayer comprising an area opaque to the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible which extends in the "camera zone". FIG. 6 shows a graph showing the positive effects of the opaque zone on the visible wavelength radiation of the thermoplastic interlayer on the optical distortion of the image captured by a camera in comparison with a conventional glazing unit.

FIG. 1 shows a laminated glazing unit known from the prior art, in the form of a windshield for automobile 10. Around the periphery of the windshield for automobile 10, is disposed in faces 2 and 4 a strip of concealment 101 and 102 more specifically an enamel layer which has the role of on the one hand to mask and protect the sealing material (not shown) which is used to fix the window in a vehicle (not shown), and on the other hand to hide electrical connections (busbars, etc.) that provide electrical energy to the glazing if necessary. The face of the laminate which is in contact with the environment outside the vehicle is known as the face 1 and the surface in contact with the internal medium, that is to say the passenger compartment of the vehicle, is called face 4. Thus, the faces of the glass sheets are numbered from 1 to 4 in the figures. In practice, the windshields have curvatures which are usually more accentuated on the edges at the point of attachment to the bodywork for a docking chosen for its "design", the aerodynamics corresponding to a good surface continuity between the contiguous elements.

The presence of enamel strips on the faces 2 and 4 is not without effect on the behavior of the glass during its bending, because these make the glass absorb infrared radiation (IR), and locally on the periphery of the glazing, while the inner surface of the glass will absorb only slightly, this is even more true for windshields for which the glass sheets are generally clear glasses, it is all the more so much more when reflective layers are used. In this implementation, highly absorbent areas are mixed with highly reflective areas.

This results in a glass defect called "burn line" which is a local deformation related to these two phenomena and parallel to black bands enamel, they are all the stronger as the black bands are wide. This is the reason why these burn lines are mainly visible in high and low bands of windshields. The black side bands are always thin (Field of vision to maximize). According to the invention and as shown in FIG. 5, the opaque zone

21 of the thermoplastic interlayer 20 extends at least in the "camera zone" 51 (or 52 in an integration variant of the optical sensors) so as to improve the quality of the images captured by the camera or cameras arranged opposite the laminated glazing by decreasing the optical distortion in this area. The camera, or generally the optical sensor, (not shown) is placed in the slot 53.

The glass sheets 11 and 12 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6 are soda-lime glasses. One or both sheets of glass may be sheets of clear glass of the soda-lime-calcium type of the following composition (by weight): 68-75% SiO2; A12O3 at 0-5%; Na2O 10 - 18%; K2O at 0 - 5%; MgO 0 - 10%; CaO 5 to 15%; SO3 O - 2%. The glass may also contain other additives, such as, for example, ripening aids up to 2%.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the inner glass sheet of the laminated glazing unit may be made of stained glass, the composition of which may comprise one or more of the following colorants: iron oxide, cobalt oxide, selenium, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxide, nickel oxide. It is understood that the two sheets of glass can be clear glass. One or the glass sheets may be tempered glass. The glass sheets can be flat or curved. Each glass sheet may have a thickness between 0.5 and 25 mm thick, preferably between 1 and 5 mm. The total thickness of the automotive glazing may therefore be between 1.5 and 100 mm, preferably between 2 and 50 mm, and more preferably between 2.5 and 20 mm. Preferably, the glazing has a transmission of visible light (measured with illuminant CIE A) greater than 70% and more preferably greater than 75% when the two glass sheets and the thermoplastic interlayer layers are substantially clear. If the glazing generally has a tint (because either the inner glass sheet of the glazing is body-tinted or one or more plies of the interlayer material is tinted), it preferably has a visible light transmission (measured by the CIE Illuminant A) less than 40%, more preferably less than 30% and preferably less than 25%, and a total energy transmission (Parry Moon, Air Mass 1.5) of less than 30%, more preferably less than 25%. % and preferably less than 20%.

It is understood that the glass sheets may be of any composition that can be used for laminated glazing and in particular for automotive laminated glazing.

FIG. 2 shows a laminated glazing unit, more specifically a windshield, according to the invention in which is provided on the face 2 of the glass sheet 11 a thermoplastic interlayer 20 comprising an area opaque to the visible radiation 21, said opaque zone s extending over the entire periphery of a non-opaque zone 22 of the thermoplastic interlayer 20. Such thermoplastic interlayer is shown in FIG. 3. Unlike FIG. 1, the face 2 of the outer glass sheet 11 is devoid of a layer of enamel.

According to this particular embodiment, the opaque zone is formed of a black tinted PVB having a light transmission of 0%. The non-opaque zone 22 is here represented by a light PVB and preferably a PVB blocking the UVs. Such a PVB is also called PVB UV-cut. In Figure 2 is also shown an electrically conductive circuit 23 formed of a busbar 24 and connectors 25, disposed at the periphery of the laminated glazing face 3. This conductive circuit is well known to those skilled in the art and its positioning is conventional in this type of glazing. It can however be arranged on another part of the laminated glazing. The opaque zone 21 provided on the upper and lower peripheral zones of the laminated glazing (orientation according to the up / down arrangement of the glazing on the automobile as a windshield) must be sufficient dimensions to hide in particular the bonding of the upper lip of the upper seal for receiving the laminated glazing when mounted on the automobile, and also the bonding of the gutter seal disposed at the lower periphery of the glazing.

According to this particular embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic interlayer 20 comprising an opaque zone 21, extending over the entire surface of the laminated glazing, said opaque zone extending over the entire periphery of the interlayer thermoplastic 20 and in the camera area. Thus, because of the extension of the thermoplastic interlayer to the edges of the laminated glazing, this avoids a risk of flaking / removal of the screen printing in face 2 during the deburring of the excess of PVB.

Also, thanks to the invention, the "glitter line" is suppressed, since the same thermoplastic interlayer is used both to opacify the zone to be masked (via the zone opaque to the radiation of the wavelengths of the visible) and to allow the lamination of the two sheets of glass, since the thermoplastic interlayer extends over the entire surface of the laminated glazing.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, only the lower and upper peripheral zones of the laminated glazing are provided with the opaque zone of the interlayer, the lateral zones are provided with serigraphed enamel strips of small width in order to maximize the field of view.

In addition, as shown in Figure 2, an enamel layer 102 may be present on the face 4 of the glazing so as to hide the connectors such as busbars and connectors or the adhesive for gluing these elements ... , seen from inside the vehicle.

Figure 3 shows the at least first thermoplastic interlayer 20 according to a particular embodiment of the invention. The opaque zone 21 is on the periphery of the thermoplastic interlayer 20. The thermoplastic interlayer 20 is of slightly greater dimension than that of the glass sheets 11 and 16 so that it extends over the entire surface leaves of glass. The opaque zone 21 according to this particular embodiment takes the form of a frame made from a colored thermoplastic interlayer whose light transmission is 0%. In particular, the frame is made from a black PVB surrounding the non-opaque zone 22 which consists of a transparent UV-screening PVB which allows only a very small proportion of these to pass through. For PVB spacers 0.38mm thick more than 95% UV is removed. This proportion may exceed 99%. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) -based polymers are also provided which contain components which impart a very low UV transmission. It is understood that any thermoplastic interlayer having these characteristics, namely a transmission less than 5% and preferably equal to 0% can be used to form this opaque zone. The dimensions of the opaque zone are generally equivalent to those usually used for the occultation band. These dimensions will depend in particular on the area to be masked. Thus, the at least first thermoplastic interlayer as represented by FIG. 2 is formed of a colored-colored PVB frame disposed on the periphery / periphery of a transparent PVB so as to form the thermoplastic interlayer according to the invention . It is understood that this frame may be formed by different strips arranged so as to form said frame, these strips merging during baking so as to form a single piece. However, it can be composed and applied using any other known means. The interlayer is then provided on at least the face 2 (P2) of the outer glass sheet. It can of course also be provided on the face 4 (P4). According to one particular embodiment of the invention as shown by way of example in FIG. 4, the continuous enamel layer 102 may be replaced by an enamel strip having a grid of orifices preferably having a distribution. tight uniform of small orifices commonly called "dots".

In this particular embodiment of the invention, the width of the enamel band having these dots is between 4 and 30 mm. This enamel band 102 presenting the dots preferably has an overlap between the dots and the zone opaque to the wavelengths of the visible 21 and whose transmission Preferably, the enamel band having the dots is superimposed with the opaque zone at the lengths of the light, preferably at least 5% and more preferably at 0% of the incident light. visible waves 21 and whose light transmission is preferably less than 5% and more preferably 0% of the incident light, the thermoplastic interlayer 20 over a distance of between 0 and 10 mm. This overlap is important especially for the sidebands because the dots in face 4 (commonly called P4) will not have the same color as the opaque area of the thermoplastic interlayer, and particularly an opaque area made of a black PVB seen from inside the vehicle. It is understood that the overlap distance will be adapted to each model, according to the visibility distance from the passenger compartment.

The presence of the enamel band having dots rather than a complete enamel strip on the face 4 (P4) associated with a thermoplastic interlayer having at its periphery an opaque zone at the visible wavelengths 21 and whose transmission The luminous flux is preferably less than 5%, and more preferably 0%, of the incident light, makes it possible to use less P4 black bandwidth. Thus, the presence of the "burn line" (deformation of the white lines at the bottom of the windshields) is greatly diminished. The improvement makes it possible to reduce the value from 400 mdpt (millidiopters) to less than 100 mdpt without a low enamel band in face 4 (P4). In addition, according to this implementation, it is possible to add peripheral dashes to the periphery of the face 4 (P4) (which will preferably be gray) and which will serve as a bonding track.

Finally, thanks to the invention, it is possible to dispense with the use of a primer intended to improve the adhesion of the glue to the glazing or to protect the glue when applying an adhesive to a glue. glazing according to the invention to fix it to the vehicle. Indeed, in the context of the invention, a "primerless" adhesive can be used without masking element and / or protection in face 1, if it is protected between the faces 2 and 3 by a thermoplastic interlayer comprising at its periphery a light transmission area of 0%. In particular, this is all the more true when this peripheral portion consists of a black PVB. FIG. 6 shows one of the positive effects with regard to the use of a spacer according to the invention and in particular with regard to the use of a thermoplastic interlayer, the area of which is opaque to the radiation of visible wavelengths. extends in the camera area, on the optical distortion of the image captured by a camera in comparison with a conventional glazing. In order to illustrate the advantages of the invention related to the quality of the images perceived by an integrated camera, two batches of samples were produced and analyzed, the first batch is a lot of conventional windscreens formed of 2 sheets curved glass covered on the periphery and around the camera zone of a layer of enamel in front 4. These windshields have an enamel pattern such as that conventionally used for the integration of a camera in the area central high glazing. The second batch consists of windshields for which the enamel has been replaced by a thermoplastic interlayer composed of a transparent zone and an opaque zone, the zone reproducing the enamel pattern as described above, including the camera area. The samples were then analyzed in order to quantify the optical deformation perceived through this camera zone. In particular, the glazings were measured using an ISRA Labscan device whose filters were adjusted in the following manner: Filter 1/2/0 - Maskage 30/4/4/4. The analysis was carried out for an installation angle of 28.5 ° with respect to the horizontal and for at least 3 glazings per batch tested. The average distortion values measured in milli-diopters are shown in the table of FIG. 6 which shows that a lower distortion of the image obtained with the glazings according to the invention (the lower the value, the lower the distortion). ) in comparison with conventionally used glazing (enamel in the camera area).

A laminated glazing unit according to the invention can be mounted in any window of a vehicle.

It can be particularly and preferentially used as a car windshield.

In addition, a laminated glazing unit according to the invention can be provided with additional functionality, by the inclusion of appropriate elements, such as a hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating on the faces 1 or 4. For example, laminated glazing, such as used as a windshield or rear window of a motor vehicle have many features such as the interior rear view mirror support, bus bars for bring an electric current, an upper band filtering solar radiation, possibly degraded coloring, a rain detector ...

The application of a thermoplastic interlayer 20 comprising an opaque zone 21 on complex-shaped glazings such as windshields is not necessarily limited to opaque strips concealing the location of the gluing or any other unsightly element. The same technique can be used for the placement of any decorative element or identification whether or not it is opaque.

The thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone is in particular incorporated in assemblies which protect it from the risks of abrasion or chemical attack. This is particularly the case of laminated glazing. For the latter, the thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone is advantageously arranged between the sheets constituting the glazing, that it comprises two sheets of glass assembled by means of a spacer of the PVB type, or that the glazing is of the type called "bi-layer", consisting of a glass sheet associated with an organic sheet of polyurethane type. The thermoplastic interlayer comprising an opaque zone can still be applied to an "inner" face of multiple glazings. Finally, when a single sheet of glass is used, the opaque area of the thermoplastic interlayer, which would be exposed to the risk of mechanical or chemical degradation, can be protected by a protective coating applied either uniformly over the entire glazing or locally on the opaque area.

Claims

1. Laminated glazing comprising:

a first (11) and a second (12) glass sheet laminated by means of at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20),

an optical sensor disposed on the internal face of the laminated glazing unit, characterized in that the at least one thermoplastic interlayer (20) comprises an opaque zone at the visible wavelengths (21), said opaque zone extending at least in the area around the optical sensor (51).

2. Laminated glazing (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical sensor is selected from a camera, an infrared camera, a Lidar and a laser pointer.

3. laminated glass (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the opaque zone 21 also extends on the periphery of at least one of the first (11) and second (12) glass sheets.

4. laminated glass (10) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the opaque zone 21 also extends on the periphery of the inner face 2 of the first glass sheet (11).

5. Laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first spacer (20) is formed by an opaque zone (21) whose light transmission is less than 5% of the light incident.

6. Laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first spacer (20) is formed by an opaque zone (21) whose light transmission is 0% of the incident light. .

7. laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one thermoplastic first interlayer (20) is disposed substantially on the surface of the glazing.

8. laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one spacer (20) is formed from an opaque frame (21) disposed around a non-opaque area ( 22).

9. Laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opaque zone (21) extends over the lower and upper edges of the laminated glazing (10).

10. laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one thermoplastic first interlayer (20) is a sheet of polyvinyl butyral or ethylene vinyl acetate.

11. laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opaque zone (21) is obtained by a staining mass of the periphery of the interlayer.

12. Laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises in front 4 an enamel band comprising dots.

13. Laminated glazing (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the enamel band (102) overlaps on at least part of the opaque zone (21).

14. Laminated glazing (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the enamel band (102) overlaps the opaque zone over a distance of between 4 and 30 mm.

15. Laminated glazing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glazing is a windshield for automobile.