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EP3462532B1 - Power divider for antenna comprising four identical orthomode transducers - Google Patents

Power divider for antenna comprising four identical orthomode transducers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3462532B1
EP3462532B1 EP18191406.0A EP18191406A EP3462532B1 EP 3462532 B1 EP3462532 B1 EP 3462532B1 EP 18191406 A EP18191406 A EP 18191406A EP 3462532 B1 EP3462532 B1 EP 3462532B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
transducer
power divider
wavelength
junctions
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18191406.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3462532A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Philippe Fraysse
Hervé Legay
Ségolène TUBAU
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication of EP3462532A1 publication Critical patent/EP3462532A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/081—Microstriplines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of compact bipolarization power distributors.
  • This type of distributor is used to supply a network of radiating elements from a source emitting in the radio frequency range. It can also operate as a receiver in the same frequency domain. In this case, the splitter combines several signals received by the network into a single signal.
  • the main missions targeted are the active antennas in X-band, in Ku-band and in Ka-band for which the notions of size and surface efficiency are essential.
  • the apertures of the radiating elements for these missions are of the order of 2.5 to 3.5 times the emission wavelength. It follows that the use of cones with high surface efficiency for these applications is to be avoided given their bulk at these radiating aperture sizes.
  • PCB printed Circuit Board
  • the distributor comprises four identical "twists" and two power distributors, each pair of junctions located in the same plane being connected by the base of said junctions by means of two twists to the two outputs of a power distributor comprising a single entry.
  • the distributor comprises a coupler whose input is intended to be connected to the radiofrequency power supply source and the two outputs, perpendicular to each other, being connected to the inputs of the two power distributors, said distributor thus formed being able to generate circularly polarized signals.
  • the coupler is a “top-wall” coupler or a Riblet coupler.
  • each power distributor comprises an input angled at 180 degrees connected to two identical transverse branches, each branch being terminated by a bend at 90 degrees connected to an output, so that an input signal propagates in a given direction or separated into two identical output signals propagating in two directions parallel to each other and perpendicular to the given direction.
  • the distributor comprises at least one rejector filter.
  • each twist comprises an enclosure in the form of a flat quarter cylinder, an inlet angled at 90 degrees and an outlet angled at 90 degrees, the two elbows being arranged head-to-tail.
  • the side of the square base of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.75 times the operating wavelength and in that the height of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.37 times the operating wavelength.
  • the side of the square base of the distributor is equal to approximately 2.24 times the operating wavelength and in that the total height of the distributor is approximately 0.8 times the operating wavelength.
  • the frequency associated with the wavelength of use is between 1 and 40 GHz. More precisely, the frequency associated with the wavelength of use is between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz or between 17.2 and 20.2 GHz.
  • the transducer operates in transmission.
  • the same transducer can operate in reception.
  • the figure 1 shows a three-dimensional exploded view of a first configuration of the distributor according to the invention.
  • This first configuration includes a “top-wall” type coupler. This view is oriented in a plane (x, y, z).
  • This distributor has several superimposed stages.
  • the top floor is the emission floor. It comprises four identical orthomode transducers 10 metallic and of substantially parallelepipedal shape with a square base, each transducer comprising a lower face 12 and an upper face 11 of emission and four lateral faces 13, the assembly defining a cavity.
  • the side of the square base of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.75 times the operating wavelength and the height of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.37 times the operating wavelength.
  • Each transducer may include a central adaptation element in the form of a cone or pyramid or in the form of cylinders of different diameters stacked or parallelepipeds with square bases of different surfaces stacked. The function of these elements is to improve the adaptation of the transducer over a determined operating frequency band and to improve the isolation between two polarizations.
  • each transducer comprises on each of two adjacent lateral faces a metallic waveguide connected to the underside of the transducer, the output of said waveguide being made through the top of the transducer.
  • Each waveguide therefore comprises two bends separated by a plane guide, a first 16 at 90 degree bend connected to the underside of the transducer, a second 17 at 90 degree bend located at the top of the transducer.
  • the height of a waveguide is close to that of a transducer.
  • the four transducers are arranged to form a square.
  • Each transducer is connected to its two neighbors by two T-shaped junctions 20 perpendicular to each other, each junction being connected by the two branches of the T to the tops of two waveguides, the set of four junctions forming a Greek cross centered on the square of the transducers as seen on the figure 3 .
  • Two junctions are arranged along the x axis and two junctions are arranged along the y axis in this figure. The junctions are called “plane E” junctions.
  • the bases of the junctions are at the level of the bases of the orthomode transducers as seen on the figure 2 .
  • the stage located under the upper stage of the distributor is shown in the sectional view of the figure 4 . Its function is to facilitate the injection of transmission signals into the four junctions. In fact, as arranged in a cross, it is not convenient to inject phase transmission signals inside the junctions.
  • This stage comprises four identical twists 30, two power distributors 41 and 42 and the coupler 50. These different elements are represented by different hatching on the diagram. figure 4 .
  • the figure 5 represents a three-dimensional view of a twist 30 according to the invention.
  • Each twist 30 has an enclosure 31 in the form of a flat quarter cylinder, an inlet 32 angled at 90 degrees and an outlet 33 bent at 90 degrees, with both elbows placed head to tail.
  • the four inputs of the emission signals at the input of the twists are arranged on the sides of the large square formed by the four orthomode transducers so as to form two pairs of two orthogonal inputs between them.
  • Each power distributor has an inlet angled at 180 degrees connected to two identical transverse branches, each branch being terminated by a bend at 90 degrees connected to an outlet, so that an input signal propagating in a given direction is separated into two identical output signals propagating in two directions parallel to each other and perpendicular to the given direction.
  • the paths followed by the emission signals are perfectly identical.
  • the four orthomode transducers emit four signals in phase with the same polarization.
  • the output signals have a linear polarization arranged at 90 degrees from the previous one. All of these signals are also in phase.
  • the figure 6 shows a top view of the propagation of the linear polarization of the signals in the four transducers 10.
  • the signals from the first distributor are represented by white arrows and the signals from the second distributor by black arrows.
  • the distributor comprises a flat top-wall coupler 50, the input of which is connected to the radiofrequency power supply source and the two outputs perpendicular to each other connected to the inputs of the two power distributors, said distributor thus formed is suitable. generating circularly polarized signals.
  • the figure 7 represents a partial exploded view of such a distributor in the coordinate system (x, y, z). In this view, the orthomode transducers are not shown.
  • the propagation of the signal through the various components 20, 30, 41, 42 and 50 of the distributor is represented by gray chevrons.
  • the figure 8 shows a second configuration of the distributor according to the invention.
  • the top-wall coupler is replaced by a Riblet 51 coupler.
  • this coupler has two inputs and two outputs. A signal injected into one of the two inputs is distributed over the two outputs into two components of the same level but out of phase by 90 °.
  • the figure 9 shows a third configuration of the distributor according to the invention.
  • the power distributor according to the invention includes rejection filters 53 so that the transmitted signal does not pollute the reception signal.
  • These filters have the form of regularly spaced metal slots and arranged perpendicular to the propagation of the signal.
  • the distributors according to the invention can operate in a frequency band of between 1 and 40 GHz, which corresponds to an operating wavelength of between 7.5 and 300 millimeters. More precisely, the frequency can belong to the so-called “Ku-Tx” or “Ka-Tx” transmission bands intended for satellite transmissions.
  • the Ku-Tx band is between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz, which corresponds to an operating wavelength between 23 and 28 millimeters.
  • the second Ka-Tx band is between 17.2 and 20.2 GHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of use between 15 and 17 millimeters.
  • the power of the power source may be greater than 60 watts.
  • the geometry of the splitter ensures very low returns to the emission source, generally less than -20 dB and very good insulation between the inputs of the “top-wall” coupler and the accesses to the orthomode transducers. These isolations are greater than 20 dB.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des répartiteurs de puissance compacte bipolarisation. Ce type de répartiteur est utilisé pour alimenter un réseau d'éléments rayonnants à partir d'une source émettant dans le domaine des radiofréquences. Il peut également fonctionner en tant que récepteur dans le même domaine de fréquences. Dans ce cas, le répartiteur combine plusieurs signaux reçus par le réseau en un seul signal.The field of the invention is that of compact bipolarization power distributors. This type of distributor is used to supply a network of radiating elements from a source emitting in the radio frequency range. It can also operate as a receiver in the same frequency domain. In this case, the splitter combines several signals received by the network into a single signal.

L'invention s'applique plus particulièrement aux domaines :

  • des antennes actives en bande X, en bande Ku et en bande Ka ;
  • des antennes multifaisceaux à réseau focal fonctionnant dans les bandes de fréquences basses et plus particulièrement au domaine des télécommunications en bande C, en bande L et en bande S ;
  • aux éléments rayonnants pour antennes réseaux ;
  • des antennes spatiales de couverture globale, notamment en bande C.
The invention applies more particularly to the fields:
  • active X-band, Ku-band and Ka-band antennas;
  • multibeam antennas with focal array operating in the low frequency bands and more particularly in the field of C-band, L-band and S-band telecommunications;
  • radiating elements for network antennas;
  • global coverage space antennas, especially in C band.

Les missions principales visées sont les antennes actives en bande X, en bande Ku et en bande Ka pour lesquelles les notions d'encombrement et d'efficacité de surface sont primordiales.The main missions targeted are the active antennas in X-band, in Ku-band and in Ka-band for which the notions of size and surface efficiency are essential.

Les ouvertures des éléments rayonnants pour ces missions sont de l'ordre de 2.5 à 3.5 fois la longueur d'onde d'émission. Il en résulte que l'utilisation de cornets à hautes efficacités de surface pour ces applications est à éviter compte tenu de leurs encombrements à ces tailles d'ouverture rayonnante.The apertures of the radiating elements for these missions are of the order of 2.5 to 3.5 times the emission wavelength. It follows that the use of cones with high surface efficiency for these applications is to be avoided given their bulk at these radiating aperture sizes.

Une solution alternative est de mettre en réseau des éléments rayonnants métalliques de plus petites ouvertures afin de bénéficier de leurs faibles hauteurs et de leurs très fortes efficacités de surface. A cette fin, il est alors nécessaire de réaliser un répartiteur de puissance alimentant en phase et avec de faibles pertes les accès de ces éléments métalliques. Ce répartiteur doit être compact pour ne pas altérer le gain en compacité apporté par l'utilisation de sources d'ouvertures réduites.An alternative solution is to network metallic radiating elements with smaller openings in order to benefit from their low heights and very high surface efficiency. To this end, it is then necessary to provide a power distributor feeding in phase and with low losses the accesses of these metal elements. This distributor must be compact so as not to alter the gain in compactness provided by the use of sources of small openings.

Par ailleurs, selon les besoins, ce répartiteur doit pouvoir également fonctionner :

  • en bi-polarisation avec une isolation entre les deux polarisations supérieure à 20 dB ;
  • sur des plages de fréquences relatives importantes ;
  • en polarisation circulaire ;
  • à des niveaux de puissance modérés ou élevés.
In addition, depending on requirements, this distributor must also be able to operate:
  • in bi-polarization with an isolation between the two polarizations greater than 20 dB;
  • over large relative frequency ranges;
  • in circular polarization;
  • at moderate or high power levels.

L'utilisation de lignes de propagation sur « PCB », acronyme signifiant « Printed Circuit Board » de type microrubans ou triplaques est une option attractive pour obtenir un répartiteur très compact. Toutefois cette approche est handicapée par les pertes de transmission qu'elle engendre et les faibles niveaux de puissances qu'elle autorise.The use of propagation lines on “PCB”, an acronym meaning “Printed Circuit Board” of microstrip or triplate type, is an attractive option to obtain a very compact distributor. However, this approach is handicapped by the transmission losses it generates and the low power levels that it allows.

L'option d'utiliser des guides métalliques permet quant à elle de minimiser les pertes de transmission et de supporter des niveaux de puissances élevées. Elle est cependant pénalisée, pour sa part, par l'encombrement des guides métalliques. Des architectures de répartiteurs ont été proposées pour obtenir des répartiteurs compacts avec cette technologie, comme par exemple dans le brevet européen EP 3 179 551 A1 . Le brevet français FR 3 012 917 intitulé «Répartiteur de puissance compact bipolarisation, réseau de plusieurs répartiteurs, élément rayonnant compact et antenne plane comportant un tel répartiteur » décrit un répartiteur de puissance planaire à double polarisation comportant au moins quatre transducteurs orthomodes dits « OMT » asymétriques reliés en réseau aptes à être couplés en phase à une source d'alimentation à double polarisation orthogonale par l'intermédiaire de deux distributeurs de puissance montés perpendiculairement l'un par rapport à l'autre. Dans une autre configuration, l'ensemble d'excitation est constitué d'un seul OMT symétrique connecté à deux répartiteurs ayant chacun deux ports de sortie aménagés de façon que la différence de longueur électrique entre les deux sorties soit égale à une demi-longueur d'onde du signal d'émission.The option of using metal guides makes it possible to minimize transmission losses and to withstand high power levels. However, it is penalized, for its part, by the size of the metal guides. Distributor architectures have been proposed to obtain compact distributors with this technology, as for example in the European patent EP 3 179 551 A1 . French patent FR 3 012 917 entitled "Compact bipolarization power distributor, network of several distributors, compact radiating element and plane antenna comprising such a distributor" describes a double-polarization planar power distributor comprising at least four asymmetrical orthomode transducers known as "OMT" networked together capable of being coupled in phase to a power source with double orthogonal polarization by means of two power distributors mounted perpendicular to one another. In another configuration, the excitation assembly consists of a single symmetrical OMT connected to two distributors each having two output ports arranged so that the difference in electrical length between the two outputs is equal to half the length d wave of the transmission signal.

Ces différentes solutions permettent d'aboutir à des dispositifs compacts fonctionnant en bipolarisation malgré l'utilisation de guides métalliques. Cependant, leurs bandes passantes ne sont pas suffisantes pour adresser les larges bandes passantes requises pour les applications d'antennes actives des satellites de télécommunications en bande Ku et en bande Ka.These different solutions lead to compact devices operating in bipolarization despite the use of guides. metallic. However, their bandwidths are not sufficient to address the large bandwidths required for active antenna applications of Ku-band and Ka-band telecommunications satellites.

Le répartiteur de puissance selon l'invention ne présente pas ces inconvénients et permet d'atteindre des bandes passantes plus importantes. Il comporte quatre OMT identiques reliés à deux distributeurs de puissance. Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objet un répartiteur de puissance compact bipolarisation pour source d'alimentation radiofréquence à double polarisation orthogonale émettant à une longueur d'onde d'utilisation, ledit répartiteur comportant quatre transducteurs orthomodes, caractérisé en ce que le répartiteur comporte :

  • huit guides d'onde identiques, chaque guide d'onde comportant deux coudes, quatre jonctions identiques en forme de T, les quatre transducteurs orthomodes étant tous identiques et de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique à base carrée, chaque transducteur comportant une face inférieure et une face supérieure d'émission et quatre faces latérales, chaque transducteur comportant sur chacune de deux faces latérales adjacentes un guide d'onde connecté à la face inférieure du transducteur ;
  • les quatre transducteurs étant disposés pour former un carré, chaque transducteur étant connecté à deux jonctions perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre, chaque jonction étant raccordée par ses deux branches du T aux sommets de deux guides d'onde, l'ensemble des quatre jonctions formant une croix grecque centrée sur le carré des transducteurs.
The power distributor according to the invention does not have these drawbacks and allows greater bandwidths to be achieved. It has four identical OMTs connected to two power distributors. More precisely, the subject of the invention is a compact bipolarization power distributor for a radiofrequency power supply source with double orthogonal polarization emitting at an operating wavelength, said distributor comprising four orthomode transducers, characterized in that the distributor comprises :
  • eight identical waveguides, each waveguide comprising two bends, four identical T-shaped junctions, the four orthomode transducers all being identical and of substantially parallelepipedal shape with a square base, each transducer having a lower face and an upper face emission and four side faces, each transducer comprising on each of two adjacent side faces a waveguide connected to the underside of the transducer;
  • the four transducers being arranged to form a square, each transducer being connected to two junctions perpendicular to each other, each junction being connected by its two branches of the T to the tops of two waveguides, the set of four junctions forming a Greek cross centered on the square of the transducers.

Selon l'invention, le répartiteur comporte quatre « twists » identiques et deux distributeurs de puissance, chaque couple de jonctions situées dans un même plan étant raccordé par la base desdites jonctions au moyen de deux twists aux deux sorties d'un distributeur de puissance comportant une entrée unique.According to the invention, the distributor comprises four identical "twists" and two power distributors, each pair of junctions located in the same plane being connected by the base of said junctions by means of two twists to the two outputs of a power distributor comprising a single entry.

Selon l'invention, le répartiteur comporte un coupleur dont l'entrée est destinée à être reliée à la source d'alimentation radiofréquence et les deux sorties perpendiculaires entre elles étant reliées aux entrées des deux distributeurs de puissance, ledit répartiteur ainsi constitué étant apte à générer des signaux polarisés circulairement.According to the invention, the distributor comprises a coupler whose input is intended to be connected to the radiofrequency power supply source and the two outputs, perpendicular to each other, being connected to the inputs of the two power distributors, said distributor thus formed being able to generate circularly polarized signals.

Avantageusement, le coupleur est un coupleur « top-wall » ou un coupleur de Riblet.Advantageously, the coupler is a “top-wall” coupler or a Riblet coupler.

Avantageusement, chaque distributeur de puissance comporte une entrée coudée à 180 degrés reliée à deux branches transversales identiques, chaque branche étant terminée par un coude à 90 degrés relié à une sortie, de façon qu'un signal d'entrée se propageant dans une direction donnée soit séparé en deux signaux de sortie identiques se propageant dans deux directions parallèles entre elles et perpendiculaires à la direction donnée.Advantageously, each power distributor comprises an input angled at 180 degrees connected to two identical transverse branches, each branch being terminated by a bend at 90 degrees connected to an output, so that an input signal propagates in a given direction or separated into two identical output signals propagating in two directions parallel to each other and perpendicular to the given direction.

Avantageusement, le répartiteur comporte au moins un filtre réjecteur.Advantageously, the distributor comprises at least one rejector filter.

Avantageusement, chaque twist comporte une enceinte en forme de quart de cylindre plat, une entrée coudée à 90 degrés et une sortie coudée à 90 degrés, les deux coudes étant disposés tête-bêche.Advantageously, each twist comprises an enclosure in the form of a flat quarter cylinder, an inlet angled at 90 degrees and an outlet angled at 90 degrees, the two elbows being arranged head-to-tail.

Avantageusement, le côté de la base carrée de chaque transducteur orthomode vaut environ 0.75 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation et en ce que la hauteur de chaque transducteur orthomode vaut environ 0.37 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation.Advantageously, the side of the square base of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.75 times the operating wavelength and in that the height of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.37 times the operating wavelength.

Avantageusement, le côté de la base carrée du répartiteur vaut environ 2.24 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation et en ce que la hauteur totale du répartiteur vaut environ 0.8 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation.Advantageously, the side of the square base of the distributor is equal to approximately 2.24 times the operating wavelength and in that the total height of the distributor is approximately 0.8 times the operating wavelength.

Avantageusement, la fréquence associée à la longueur d'onde d'utilisation est comprise entre 1 et 40 GHz. Plus précisément, la fréquence associée à la longueur d'onde d'utilisation est comprise entre 10.7 et 12.75 GHz ou entre 17.2 et 20.2 GHz.Advantageously, the frequency associated with the wavelength of use is between 1 and 40 GHz. More precisely, the frequency associated with the wavelength of use is between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz or between 17.2 and 20.2 GHz.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée à titre non limitatif et grâce aux figures annexées représentées toutes dans un repère (x, y, z) parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue éclatée tridimensionnelle d'une première configuration d'un répartiteur selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe de deux transducteurs orthomodes adjacents et de la jonction en T qui les relie ;
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de dessus des quatre transducteurs orthomodes du répartiteur ;
  • La figure 4 représente une vue en coupe du répartiteur selon l'invention;
  • La figure 5 représente une vue tridimensionnelle d'un twist selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 6 représente en vue de dessus la propagation de la polarisation des signaux dans les quatre transducteurs ;
  • La figure 7 représente une vue éclatée tridimensionnelle de la propagation des signaux à l'intérieur du répartiteur jusqu'aux transducteurs orthomodes non représentés ;
  • La figure 8 représente une vue éclatée tridimensionnelle d'une seconde configuration d'un répartiteur selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 9 représente une vue éclatée tridimensionnelle d'une troisième configuration d'un répartiteur selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages will appear on reading the description which follows, given without limitation and thanks to the appended figures all shown in a reference (x, y, z), among which:
  • The figure 1 represents a three-dimensional exploded view of a first configuration of a distributor according to the invention;
  • The figure 2 shows a sectional view of two adjacent orthomode transducers and of the T-junction which connects them;
  • The figure 3 shows a top view of the four orthomode transducers of the distributor;
  • The figure 4 shows a sectional view of the distributor according to the invention;
  • The figure 5 represents a three-dimensional view of a twist according to the invention;
  • The figure 6 shows a top view of the propagation of the polarization of the signals in the four transducers;
  • The figure 7 represents a three-dimensional exploded view of the propagation of the signals inside the distributor to the orthomode transducers, not shown;
  • The figure 8 represents a three-dimensional exploded view of a second configuration of a distributor according to the invention;
  • The figure 9 represents a three-dimensional exploded view of a third configuration of a distributor according to the invention.

Dans ce qui suit, le transducteur fonctionne en émission. Bien entendu, le même transducteur peut fonctionner en réception.In what follows, the transducer operates in transmission. Of course, the same transducer can operate in reception.

La figure 1 représente une vue éclatée tridimensionnelle d'une première configuration du répartiteur selon l'invention. Cette première configuration comporte un coupleur de type « top-wall ». Cette vue est orientée dans un plan (x, y, z). Ce répartiteur comporte plusieurs étages superposés.The figure 1 shows a three-dimensional exploded view of a first configuration of the distributor according to the invention. This first configuration includes a “top-wall” type coupler. This view is oriented in a plane (x, y, z). This distributor has several superimposed stages.

Le dernier étage est l'étage d'émission. Il comporte quatre transducteurs orthomodes 10 identiques métalliques et de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique à base carrée, chaque transducteur comportant une face inférieure 12 et une face supérieure 11 d'émission et quatre faces latérales 13, l'ensemble définissant une cavité. A titre d'exemple, le côté de la base carrée de chaque transducteur orthomode vaut environ 0.75 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation et la hauteur de chaque transducteur orthomode vaut environ 0.37 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation. Chaque transducteur peut comporter un élément d'adaptation central en forme de cône ou de pyramide ou en forme de cylindres de différents diamètres empilés ou de parallélépipèdes à bases carrées de différentes surfaces empilés. La fonction de ces éléments est d'améliorer l'adaptation du transducteur sur une bande de fréquence de fonctionnement déterminée et d'améliorer l'isolation entre deux polarisations.The top floor is the emission floor. It comprises four identical orthomode transducers 10 metallic and of substantially parallelepipedal shape with a square base, each transducer comprising a lower face 12 and an upper face 11 of emission and four lateral faces 13, the assembly defining a cavity. By way of example, the side of the square base of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.75 times the operating wavelength and the height of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.37 times the operating wavelength. Each transducer may include a central adaptation element in the form of a cone or pyramid or in the form of cylinders of different diameters stacked or parallelepipeds with square bases of different surfaces stacked. The function of these elements is to improve the adaptation of the transducer over a determined operating frequency band and to improve the isolation between two polarizations.

Comme on le voit sur la vue en coupe de la figure 2 réalisée dans un plan (x, y), chaque transducteur comporte sur chacune de deux faces latérales adjacentes un guide d'onde 15 métallique connecté à la face inférieure du transducteur, la sortie dudit guide d'onde se faisant par le haut du transducteur. Chaque guide d'onde comprend donc deux coudes séparés par un guide plan, un premier coude 16 à 90 degrés relié à la face inférieure du transducteur, un second coude 17 à 90 degrés situé en haut du transducteur. La hauteur d'un guide d'onde est proche de celle d'un transducteur.As seen in the sectional view of the figure 2 produced in an (x, y) plane, each transducer comprises on each of two adjacent lateral faces a metallic waveguide connected to the underside of the transducer, the output of said waveguide being made through the top of the transducer. Each waveguide therefore comprises two bends separated by a plane guide, a first 16 at 90 degree bend connected to the underside of the transducer, a second 17 at 90 degree bend located at the top of the transducer. The height of a waveguide is close to that of a transducer.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 3, les quatre transducteurs sont disposés pour former un carré. Chaque transducteur est connecté à ses deux voisins par deux jonctions 20 en forme de T perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre, chaque jonction étant raccordée par les deux branches du T aux sommets de deux guides d'onde, l'ensemble des quatre jonctions formant une croix grecque centrée sur le carré des transducteurs comme on le voit sur la figure 3. Deux jonctions sont disposées selon l'axe x et deux jonctions disposées selon l'axe y sur cette figure. Les jonctions sont des jonctions dites « plan E ». Les bases des jonctions sont au niveau des bases des transducteurs orthomodes comme on le voit sur la figure 2.As seen on the figure 3 , the four transducers are arranged to form a square. Each transducer is connected to its two neighbors by two T-shaped junctions 20 perpendicular to each other, each junction being connected by the two branches of the T to the tops of two waveguides, the set of four junctions forming a Greek cross centered on the square of the transducers as seen on the figure 3 . Two junctions are arranged along the x axis and two junctions are arranged along the y axis in this figure. The junctions are called “plane E” junctions. The bases of the junctions are at the level of the bases of the orthomode transducers as seen on the figure 2 .

L'étage disposé sous l'étage supérieur du répartiteur est représenté sur la vue en coupe de la figure 4. Il a comme fonction de faciliter l'injection des signaux d'émission dans les quatre jonctions. En effet, telles que disposées en croix, il n'est pas commode d'injecter des signaux d'émission en phase à l'intérieur des jonctions. Cet étage comporte quatre twists identiques 30, deux distributeurs de puissance 41 et 42 et le coupleur 50. Ces différents éléments sont représentés par des hachures différentes sur la figure 4.The stage located under the upper stage of the distributor is shown in the sectional view of the figure 4 . Its function is to facilitate the injection of transmission signals into the four junctions. In fact, as arranged in a cross, it is not convenient to inject phase transmission signals inside the junctions. This stage comprises four identical twists 30, two power distributors 41 and 42 and the coupler 50. These different elements are represented by different hatching on the diagram. figure 4 .

La figure 5 représente une vue tridimensionnelle d'un twist 30 selon l'invention. Chaque twist 30 comporte une enceinte 31 en forme de quart de cylindre plat, une entrée 32 coudée à 90 degrés et une sortie 33 coudée à 90 degrés, les deux coudes étant disposés tête-bêche. Ainsi, avec cette configuration, les quatre entrées des signaux d'émission à l'entrée des twists sont disposées sur les côtés du grand carré formé par les quatre transducteurs orthomodes de façon à former deux paires de deux entrées orthogonales entre elles.The figure 5 represents a three-dimensional view of a twist 30 according to the invention. Each twist 30 has an enclosure 31 in the form of a flat quarter cylinder, an inlet 32 angled at 90 degrees and an outlet 33 bent at 90 degrees, with both elbows placed head to tail. Thus, with this configuration, the four inputs of the emission signals at the input of the twists are arranged on the sides of the large square formed by the four orthomode transducers so as to form two pairs of two orthogonal inputs between them.

Ces deux paires d'entrée sont reliées à deux distributeurs de puissance 41 et 42. Chaque distributeur de puissance comporte une entrée coudée à 180 degrés reliée à deux branches transversales identiques, chaque branche étant terminée par un coude à 90 degrés relié à une sortie, de façon qu'un signal d'entrée se propageant dans une direction donnée soit séparé en deux signaux de sortie identiques se propageant dans deux directions parallèles entre elles et perpendiculaires à la direction donnée.These two input pairs are connected to two power distributors 41 and 42. Each power distributor has an inlet angled at 180 degrees connected to two identical transverse branches, each branch being terminated by a bend at 90 degrees connected to an outlet, so that an input signal propagating in a given direction is separated into two identical output signals propagating in two directions parallel to each other and perpendicular to the given direction.

Depuis l'entrée des distributeurs de puissance jusqu'aux huit sorties des quatre transducteurs orthomodes, les chemins parcourus par les signaux d'émission sont parfaitement identiques. Ainsi, si l'on envoie un signal sur l'entrée d'un des distributeurs, les quatre transducteurs orthomodes émettent quatre signaux en phase avec la même polarisation. Sur l'entrée opposée du second distributeur, on retrouve la même propriété à la différence près que les signaux de sortie ont une polarisation linéaire disposée à 90 degrés de la précédente. Tous ces signaux sont également en phase. La figure 6 représente en vue de dessus la propagation de la polarisation linéaire des signaux dans les quatre transducteurs 10. Les signaux issus du premier distributeur sont représentés par des flèches blanches et les signaux issus du second distributeur par des flèches noires.From the input of the power distributors to the eight outputs of the four orthomode transducers, the paths followed by the emission signals are perfectly identical. Thus, if a signal is sent to the input of one of the distributors, the four orthomode transducers emit four signals in phase with the same polarization. On the opposite input of the second distributor, we find the same property with the difference that the output signals have a linear polarization arranged at 90 degrees from the previous one. All of these signals are also in phase. The figure 6 shows a top view of the propagation of the linear polarization of the signals in the four transducers 10. The signals from the first distributor are represented by white arrows and the signals from the second distributor by black arrows.

Aussi, si le répartiteur comporte un coupleur 50 « top-wall » plat dont l'entrée est reliée à la source d'alimentation radiofréquence et les deux sorties perpendiculaires entre elles reliées aux entrées des deux distributeurs de puissance, ledit répartiteur ainsi constitué est apte à générer des signaux polarisés circulairement.Also, if the distributor comprises a flat top-wall coupler 50, the input of which is connected to the radiofrequency power supply source and the two outputs perpendicular to each other connected to the inputs of the two power distributors, said distributor thus formed is suitable. generating circularly polarized signals.

La figure 7 représente une vue éclatée partielle d'un tel répartiteur dans le repère (x, y, z). Sur cette vue, les transducteurs orthomodes ne sont pas représentés. La propagation du signal à travers les différents composants 20, 30, 41, 42 et 50 du répartiteur est représentée par des chevrons grisés.The figure 7 represents a partial exploded view of such a distributor in the coordinate system (x, y, z). In this view, the orthomode transducers are not shown. The propagation of the signal through the various components 20, 30, 41, 42 and 50 of the distributor is represented by gray chevrons.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, un répartiteur selon l'invention a les dimensions suivantes :

  • Côté de la base carrée du répartiteur : environ 2.24 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation ;
  • Hauteur totale du répartiteur : environ 0.8 fois la longueur d'onde d'utilisation.
By way of non-limiting example, a distributor according to the invention has the following dimensions:
  • Side of the square base of the splitter: about 2.24 times the operating wavelength;
  • Total height of the distributor: approximately 0.8 times the operating wavelength.

La figure 8 représente une seconde configuration du répartiteur selon l'invention. Dans cette seconde configuration, le coupleur top-wall est remplacé par un coupleur de Riblet 51. Comme on le voit sur la figure 8, ce coupleur comporte deux entrées et deux sorties. Un signal injecté sur l'une des deux entrées est réparti sur les deux sorties en deux composantes de même niveau mais déphasées de 90°.The figure 8 shows a second configuration of the distributor according to the invention. In this second configuration, the top-wall coupler is replaced by a Riblet 51 coupler. As seen in the figure 8 , this coupler has two inputs and two outputs. A signal injected into one of the two inputs is distributed over the two outputs into two components of the same level but out of phase by 90 °.

La figure 9 représente une troisième configuration du répartiteur selon l'invention. Dans cette configuration, le répartiteur de puissance selon l'invention inclut des filtres de réjection 53 de façon que le signal émis ne vienne polluer le signal de réception. Ces filtres ont la forme de créneaux métalliques régulièrement espacés et disposés perpendiculairement à la propagation du signal.The figure 9 shows a third configuration of the distributor according to the invention. In this configuration, the power distributor according to the invention includes rejection filters 53 so that the transmitted signal does not pollute the reception signal. These filters have the form of regularly spaced metal slots and arranged perpendicular to the propagation of the signal.

Les répartiteurs selon l'invention peuvent fonctionner dans une bande de fréquence comprise entre 1 et 40 GHz, ce qui correspond à une longueur d'onde d'utilisation comprise entre 7.5 et 300 millimètres. Plus précisément, la fréquence peut appartenir aux bandes de transmission dite « Ku-Tx » ou « Ka-Tx » destinées aux transmissions satellitaires. La bande Ku-Tx est comprise entre 10.7 et 12.75 GHz, ce qui correspond à une longueur d'onde d'utilisation comprise entre 23 et 28 millimètres. La seconde bande Ka-Tx est comprise entre 17.2 et 20.2 GHz, ce qui correspond à une longueur d'onde d'utilisation comprise entre 15 et 17 millimètres.The distributors according to the invention can operate in a frequency band of between 1 and 40 GHz, which corresponds to an operating wavelength of between 7.5 and 300 millimeters. More precisely, the frequency can belong to the so-called “Ku-Tx” or “Ka-Tx” transmission bands intended for satellite transmissions. The Ku-Tx band is between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz, which corresponds to an operating wavelength between 23 and 28 millimeters. The second Ka-Tx band is between 17.2 and 20.2 GHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of use between 15 and 17 millimeters.

Ce type de répartiteur peut fonctionner avec des sources d'alimentation puissante. A titre d'exemple, la puissance de la source d'alimentation peut être supérieure à 60 watts.This type of distributor can work with powerful power sources. For example, the power of the power source may be greater than 60 watts.

Par ailleurs, la géométrie du répartiteur assure de très faibles retours sur la source d'émission, généralement inférieurs à - 20 dB et de très bonnes isolations entre les entrées du coupleur « top-wall » et les accès aux transducteurs orthomodes. Ces isolations sont supérieures à 20 dB.Furthermore, the geometry of the splitter ensures very low returns to the emission source, generally less than -20 dB and very good insulation between the inputs of the “top-wall” coupler and the accesses to the orthomode transducers. These isolations are greater than 20 dB.

Claims (9)

  1. Compact bipolarisation power divider for a radiofrequency supply source with dual orthogonal polarisation emitting at a wavelength for use, the divider comprising four orthomode transducers (10), the divider comprising:
    - eight identical wave guides (15), each wave guide comprising two bends (16, 17), four identical T-shaped junctions (20), the four orthomode transducers all being identical and of substantially parallelepipedal form with a square base, each transducer comprising a lower face (12) and an upper emission face (11) and four lateral faces (13), each transducer comprising on each of two adjacent lateral faces a wave guide (15) which is connected to the lower face (12) of the transducer;
    - the four transducers being arranged to form a square, each transducer being connected to two junctions (20) which are perpendicular to each other, each junction being connected with the two branches of the T thereof to the tips of two wave guides, all the four junctions forming a Greek cross centred on the square of the transducers; characterised in that the power divider comprises:
    - four identical "twists" (30) and two power distributors (41, 42), each pair of junctions located in a same plane being connected via the base of the junctions using two twists to the two outputs of a power distributor comprising a single input;
    - a coupler (50) whose input is intended to be connected to the radiofrequency supply source and the two mutually perpendicular outputs being connected to the inputs of the two power distributors, the divider constituted in this manner being able to generate signals which are polarised in a circular manner.
  2. Power divider according to claim 1, characterised in that the coupler is a "top-wall" coupler or a Riblet coupler (51).
  3. Power divider according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that each power distributor comprises an input which is bent at 180 degrees and which is connected to two identical transverse branches, each branch being terminated by a bend at 90 degrees which is connected to an output so that an input signal which is propagated in a specific direction is separated into two identical output signals which are propagated in two mutually parallel directions perpendicular to the specific direction.
  4. Power divider according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the divider comprises at least one rejection filter (53).
  5. Power divider according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each twist (30) comprises a chamber (31) in the form of a flat quarter cylinder, an input (32) which is bent at 90 degrees and an output (33) which is bent at 90 degrees, the two bends being arranged in a mutually inverted manner.
  6. Power divider according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side of the square base of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.75 times the wavelength for use and in that the height of each orthomode transducer is approximately 0.37 times the wavelength for use.
  7. Power divider according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side of the square base of the divider is approximately 2.24 times the wavelength for use and in that the total height of the divider is approximately 0.8 times the wavelength for use.
  8. Power divider according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the frequency associated with the wavelength for use is between 1 and 40 GHz.
  9. Power divider according to claim 8, characterised in that the frequency associated with the wavelength for use is between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz or between 17.2 and 20.2 GHz.
EP18191406.0A 2017-09-28 2018-08-29 Power divider for antenna comprising four identical orthomode transducers Active EP3462532B1 (en)

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FR1700993A FR3071672B1 (en) 2017-09-28 2017-09-28 POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR ANTENNA COMPRISING FOUR IDENTICAL ORTHOMOD TRANSDUCERS

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EP3462532B1 true EP3462532B1 (en) 2020-10-07

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FR3089358B1 (en) 2018-12-03 2022-01-21 Thales Sa Radiating element with multiple accesses
EP3866256B1 (en) * 2020-02-12 2023-06-21 European Space Agency Waveguide power divider
CN112688068B (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-11-23 西安电子科技大学 Miniaturized broadband triple-polarized antenna
CN113078450B (en) * 2021-03-22 2022-02-01 北京交通大学 Dual-polarized air waveguide array antenna

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FR2582865B1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1987-07-31 Labo Electronique Physique MICROWAVE UNIT MODULES AND MICROWAVE ANTENNA COMPRISING SUCH MODULES
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WO2008069358A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Idoit Co., Ltd. Horn array type antenna for dual linear polarization
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FR3012917B1 (en) * 2013-11-04 2018-03-02 Thales COMPACT POWER DISTRIBUTION BIPOLARIZATION, NETWORK OF SEVERAL DISTRIBUTORS, COMPACT RADIATION ELEMENT AND FLAT ANTENNA HAVING SUCH A DISTRIBUTOR
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EP3462532A1 (en) 2019-04-03
US10673118B2 (en) 2020-06-02
CA3017113A1 (en) 2019-03-28
US20190097296A1 (en) 2019-03-28
FR3071672A1 (en) 2019-03-29
FR3071672B1 (en) 2019-10-11

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