Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
  • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
  • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
  • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
  • H01B7/2825—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable using a water impermeable sheath
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
  • C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
  • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
  • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
  • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
  • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/46—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2203/00—Applications
  • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
  • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electric device of the electric cable or accessory type for electric cable, comprising at least one crosslinked layer.
• the medium and high voltage power cables typically comprise a central electrical conductor surrounded by a succession of three crosslinked layers of the type a first semiconductor layer, an electrically insulating layer and a second semiconductor layer.
• This type of crosslinked layer generally comprises protective agents intended to control and reduce the water absorption and to guarantee the electrical insulation of the cable over time.
• these protective agents may be lead-based compounds such as lead oxides.
• lead-based compounds are not environmentally friendly compounds.
• the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by providing an electrical device comprising a crosslinked layer environmentally friendly, while ensuring good electrical and mechanical properties throughout the life of the device electric.
• the present invention relates to an electrical device comprising a crosslinked layer obtained from a crosslinkable polymer composition comprising a polymeric material and a protective agent, characterized in that the protective agent is a siloxane oligomer.
• the invention advantageously has an environmentally friendly electrical device, with a protection system that does not include a lead-based compound. More particularly, the crosslinked layer of the invention does not include a lead compound. In addition, the crosslinked layer of the invention has very good mechanical and electrical properties, including water absorption and dielectric losses significantly limited by this new protective agent.
• the crosslinked layer of the electrical device of the invention thus has stable electrical insulation properties over time.
• the crosslinked layer of the invention has dielectric losses, evaluated by the value of tangent delta (tan ⁇ ) according to ASTM D150:
• siloxane oligomer at most 0.020 to 130 ° C after immersion in water at 90 ° C for four weeks.
• the siloxane oligomer of the present invention is for controlling and reducing water absorption in the electrical device. It advantageously makes it possible to guarantee good electrical insulation of the electrical device over time, replacing the lead oxides used in the prior art for this type of function.
• siloxane oligomer is understood to mean a compound resulting from the covalent linking of a small number of identical or different monomer units of siloxane, and more particularly resulting from the covalent linkage of at least two identical or different monomeric units of siloxane.
• the number of monomer units of the siloxane oligomer can range from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 20, and particularly preferably from 2 to 10.
• the siloxane oligomer conventionally comprises at least two "Si-O" groups, these groups being in particular constitutive of its main chain.
• the siloxane oligomer may comprise at least one alkoxy group.
• the siloxane oligomer is an alkylated oligomer, or in other words an oligomer comprising at least one alkyl group.
• the alkylated oligomer may optionally comprise at least one alkene group.
• the alkylated siloxane oligomer may comprise at least one alkyl group and at least one alkene group.
• the alkylated siloxane oligomer may comprise only alkyl groups.
• the siloxane oligomer may be linear, cyclic and / or branched.
• the siloxane oligomer may be of the homo-oligomeric type.
• the homo-oligomer of siloxane is a compound resulting from the covalent linking of a small number of identical monomeric units.
• Said monomeric unit or in other words each of the constituent monomer units of the homo-oligomer, may comprise at least one alkoxyl group.
• Said alkoxyl group may be the group -OR 2 described below in formula I, or an alkoxyl group whose alkyl group is different from R 2 .
• siloxane oligomer of the homo-oligomeric type can be defined according to the following formula I:
• R 1 is chosen from the following groups: C 1 -C 6 alkyl (linear or branched), halogen, vinyl, methacryloxyalkyl, acryloxyalkyl, glycidyloxyalkyl, bisalkoxysilylalkyl;
• - R 2 are identical or different groups and may be chosen independently of each other from the following groups: C 1 -C 6 alkyl (linear or branched), preferably C 1 -C 3 (linear or branched); and n is an integer indicating the degree of oligomerization and may range from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10, and particularly preferably from 2 to 5.
• R 1 is CH 3 - and R 2 is C 2 H 5 -.
• the siloxane oligomer may be of the co-oligomeric type.
• the siloxane co-oligomer is a compound derived from the covalent linking of a small number of different monomer units, preferably at least two different monomer units.
• Said two different monomer units may comprise:
• a first monomeric unit comprising at least a first alkoxyl group
• a second monomer unit comprising at least a second alkoxyl group the second alkoxyl group may in particular be identical to or different from the first alkoxyl group.
• Said first alkoxyl group may be the group -OR'i described hereinafter in formula II, or an alkoxyl group whose alkyl group is different from RV.
• Said second alkoxyl group may be the group -OR'i described hereinafter in formula II, or an alkoxyl group whose alkyl group is different from R
• siloxane oligomer of the co-oligomeric type can be defined according to the following formula II:
• R'i are identical or different groups and may be chosen independently of one another from the following groups: C 1 -C 6 alkyl (linear or branched), preferably C 1 -C 3 (linear or branched); - R 'and R' 2 are identical or different groups and may be chosen independently of one another from the following groups: (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl (linear or branched), halogen, vinyl, methacryloxyalkyl, acryloxyalkyl, glycidyloxyalkyl, bisalkoxysilylalkyl; and
• x and y are identical or different integers, the sum of which indicates the degree of oligomerization.
• the sum "x + y" can range from 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10, and particularly preferably from 2 to 5.
• R'i is C 2 H 5 -
• R 'is CH 2 CH-
• R' 2 is C 3 H 7 -.
• the co-oligomer of the second embodiment may be preferably an alkylated and vinylated siloxane oligomer.
• the crosslinkable composition of the invention may comprise a sufficient amount of siloxane oligomer (s) to provide the desired properties.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may comprise at most 10.0 parts by weight of siloxane oligomer, and preferably at most 5.0 parts by weight of siloxane oligomer, per 100 parts by weight of material. polymer in the crosslinkable composition.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may further comprise at least 0.1 part by weight of siloxane oligomer per 100 parts by weight of polymeric material in the crosslinkable composition.
• the siloxane homo-oligomer is especially the particularly preferred protection agent to optimize the desired properties.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition of the invention may further comprise at least one siloxane monomer.
• the siloxane monomer conventionally comprises a single "Si-0" group.
• the siloxane monomer may comprise at least one alkoxy group.
• a siloxane monomer may be:
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may comprise at most
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may further comprise at least 0.1 part by weight of siloxane monomer per 100 parts by weight of polymeric material in the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the polymer material of the invention may comprise one or more polymers, the term "polymer” being understood by any type of polymer well known to those skilled in the art such as homopolymer or copolymer (eg block copolymer, copolymer statistical, terpolymer, ..atc).
• the polymeric material is in particular different from the siloxane oligomer.
• the polymer material is conventionally derived from the covalent linking of a large number of identical or different monomer units, and more particularly from the covalent linking of more than 40 identical or different monomer units.
• the polymer may be of the thermoplastic or elastomeric type, and may be crosslinked by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• the polymeric material may comprise one or more olefin polymers, and preferably one or more ethylene polymers and / or one or more several propylene polymers.
• An olefin polymer is conventionally a polymer obtained from at least one olefin monomer.
• the polymeric material comprises more than 50% by weight of olefin polymer (s), preferably more than 70% by weight of olefin polymer (s), and particularly preferably more than 90% by weight of olefin polymer (s), based on the total weight of polymer material.
• the polymeric material is composed solely of one or more olefin polymer (s), and preferably one or more ethylene polymer (s).
• the polymeric material of the invention may comprise one or more olefin polymers selected from linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); a very low density polyethylene (VLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); medium density polyethylene (MDPE); high density polyethylene (HDPE); an ethylene-propylene elastomeric copolymer (EPR); an ethylene propylene diene monomer terpolymer (EPDM); a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl ester such as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA); a copolymer of ethylene and acrylate such as a copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) or a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate (EMA); a copolymer of ethylene and alpha-olefin such as an ethylene-octene copolymer (PEO) or a copolymer of ethylene and butene (PEB); a functionalized ole
• the polymeric material is selected from an ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) terpolymer, an ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), and a mixture thereof.
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer
• EPR ethylene-propylene rubber
• the crosslinkable polymer composition of the invention may comprise at least 20% by weight of polymer material, preferably at least 30% by weight of polymer material, and preferably at least 40% by weight of polymer material, relative to the total weight of the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the polymer composition of the invention is a crosslinkable composition. It may advantageously be free of halogenated compounds.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition is crosslinked by crosslinking processes well known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, peroxide crosslinking, electron beam crosslinking, silane crosslinking, ultraviolet radiation crosslinking, etc.
• the preferred method for crosslinking the polymer composition is peroxide crosslinking.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may comprise a crosslinking agent of the organic peroxide type.
• the polymeric composition may comprise a sufficient amount of one or more crosslinking agents to provide said crosslinked layer.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may comprise from 0.01 to 10.0 parts by weight of crosslinking agent per 100 parts by weight of polymeric material in the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may advantageously comprise at most 5.0 parts by weight of crosslinking agent, and preferably at most 2.0 parts. by weight of crosslinking agent, per 100 parts by weight of polymer material in the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the polymer composition of the invention may further comprise a metal oxide, such as, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO).
• a metal oxide such as, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO).
• ZnO zinc oxide
• the metal oxide may act as a thermal stabilizer and / or improve the electrical properties of the crosslinked layer.
• the metal oxide may be added to the crosslinkable polymer composition in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymeric material.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition of the invention may further comprise one or more fillers.
• the filler of the invention may be a mineral or organic filler. It can be chosen from an inert or reinforcing filler.
• the inert or reinforcing filler may be chosen from at least one of the following fillers: clay (Kaolin), preferably calcined; chalk ; talc.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition of the invention does not comprise a hydrated filler or capable of releasing water.
• a hydrated filler or capable of releasing water mention may be made of metal hydroxides such as, for example, magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) or aluminum trihydroxide (ATH). This type of charges has the disadvantage of adversely affecting the properties desired in the present invention.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition may comprise at least 1% by weight filler (s), preferably at least 10% by weight filler (s), and preferably at most 50% by weight filler (s), relative to total weight of the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the electrical device in order to guarantee a so-called "Halogen-Free" electrical device, preferably does not include / understand compounds halogenated.
• halogenated compounds can be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
• the crosslinkable polymer composition of the invention may typically additionally comprise additives in an amount of 0.01 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• protective agents such as antioxidants, anti-UV, anti-copper agents, anti-tree water agents,
• processing agents such as plasticizers, lubricants (e.g. zinc stearate), oils, waxes, and the like.
• crosslinking coagents such as triallyl cyanurates
• the antioxidants make it possible to protect the composition of the thermal stresses generated during the steps of manufacturing the device or operating the device.
• the antioxidants are preferably chosen from:
• hindered phenolic antioxidants such as tetrakismethylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate) methane, octadecyl 3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate 2,2'-thiodiethylene bis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2'-thiobis (6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), 1,2-bis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl) hydrazine, and [2,2'-oxamido] -bis (ethyl 3 (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate)];
• thioethers such as 4,6-bis (octylthiomethyl) -o-cresol, bis [2-methyl-4- ⁇ 3-n-alkyl (C 12 or C 14) thiopropionyloxy ⁇ -5-t-butylphenyl] tallow and Thiobis- [2-t-butyl-5-methyl-4,1-phenylene] bis [3- (dodecylthio) propionate];
• sulfur-based antioxidants such as Dioctadecyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate or Didodecyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate;
• phosphorus-based antioxidants such as phosphites or phosphonates, for instance Tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite or bis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite; and
• amine-type antioxidants such as phenylenediamines (IPPD, 6PPD ....), diphenylamine styrene, diphenylamines, mercaptobenzimidazoles and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymerized (TMQ).
• TMQs can have different grades, namely:
• a so-called "standard” grade with a low degree of polymerization that is to say with a residual monomer level greater than 1% by weight and having a residual NaCl content of from 100 ppm to more than 800 ppm (parts per million by weight);
• high degree of polymerization grade with a high degree of polymerization, that is to say with a residual monomer content of less than 1% by weight and having a residual NaCl content that can range from 100 ppm to more than 800 ppm;
• the type of stabilizer and its level in the composition of the invention are conventionally chosen as a function of the maximum temperature experienced by the polymers during the production of the mixture and during their use, in particular by extrusion, as well as according to the maximum duration of exposure to this temperature.
• the reticulated layer and the electrical device are conventionally chosen as a function of the maximum temperature experienced by the polymers during the production of the mixture and during their use, in particular by extrusion, as well as according to the maximum duration of exposure to this temperature.
• the crosslinked layer can easily be characterized by determining its gel level according to ASTM D2765-01.
• said crosslinked layer may advantageously have a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction), of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80% by weight. %, and particularly preferably at least 90%.
• the crosslinked layer of the invention may be selected from an electrically insulating layer, a protective sheath, and their combination.
• the crosslinked layer of the invention may be the outermost layer of the electrical device.
• the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 "9 S / m (siemens per meter) (at 25 ° C), and preferably at most 1.10 12 S / m (at 25 ° C).
• the crosslinked layer of the invention may be an extruded layer or a molded layer, by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
• the electrical device of the invention relates more particularly to the field of electric cables or accessories for electric cable, operating in direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).
• the electrical device of the invention may be an electric cable or an accessory for an electric cable.
• the device according to the invention is an electric cable comprising an elongated electrically conductive element surrounded by said crosslinked layer.
• the crosslinked layer is an electrically insulating layer.
• the crosslinked layer is preferably an extruded layer by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• the crosslinked layer of the invention can surround the elongated electrically conductive element according to several variants.
• the crosslinked layer may be in direct physical contact with the elongated electrically conductive element.
• the crosslinked layer may be the electrically insulating layer of an insulating system comprising:
• the elongated electrically conductive member may be surrounded by a first semiconductor layer, an electrically insulating layer surrounding the first semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer, the reticulated layer being the electrically insulating layer.
• the device according to the invention is an accessory for an electric cable, said accessory comprising said crosslinked layer.
• Said accessory is intended to surround, or surround when positioned around the cable, the elongated electrically conductive element of an electric cable. More particularly, said accessory is intended to surround or surround an electric cable, and preferably it is intended to surround or surround at least a portion or end of an electric cable.
• the accessory may be in particular a junction or a termination for an electric cable.
• the accessory may be typically a hollow longitudinal body, such as for example a junction or termination for electric cable, wherein at least a portion of an electric cable is intended to be positioned.
• the accessory comprises at least one semiconductor element and at least one electrically insulating element, these elements being intended to surround at least one part or end of an electric cable.
• the semiconductor element is well known for controlling the geometry of the electric field when the electric cable, associated with said accessory, is energized.
• the crosslinked layer of the invention may be said electrically insulating element of the accessory.
• the accessory When the accessory is a junction, the latter allows to connect together two electrical cables, the junction being intended to surround or surrounding at least in part these two electrical cables. More particularly, the end of each electrical cable to be connected is positioned inside said junction.
• the termination is intended to surround or at least partly surrounds an electric cable. More particularly, the end of the electrical cable to be connected is positioned within said termination.
• the crosslinked layer is preferably a layer molded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• the elongated electrically conductive element of the electrical cable may be a metal wire or a plurality of twisted or non-twisted metal wires, in particular made of copper and / or aluminum, or one of their alloys.
• Another subject of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electric cable according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• Step i can be performed by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, using an extruder.
• the extruder output composition is said to be "non-crosslinked", the temperature as well as the processing time within the extruder being optimized accordingly.
• non-crosslinked is meant a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 5%. %, and particularly preferably 0%.
• an extruded layer is thus obtained around said electrically conductive element, which may or may not be directly in physical contact with said electrically conductive element.
• the constituent compounds of the polymer composition of the invention may be mixed, in particular with the polymer material in the molten state, in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
• the temperature within the mixer may be sufficient to obtain a polymeric material in the molten state, but is limited to prevent decomposition of the crosslinking agent when it exists, and thus the crosslinking of the polymeric material.
• the homogeneous mixture can be granulated, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. These granules can then feed an extruder to perform step i.
• the mixture may be prepared in the form of strips, especially when the polymeric material is of the elastomer type, the strips being used to feed an extruder to perform step i.
• Step ii may be carried out thermally, for example by means of a continuous vulcanization line ("CV line"), a steam tube, a bath of molten salt, a furnace or a thermal chamber, these techniques being well known to those skilled in the art.
• CV line continuous vulcanization line
• steam tube a steam tube
• bath of molten salt a furnace or a thermal chamber
• Stage ii thus makes it possible to obtain a crosslinked layer, in particular having a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01, of at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly preferably at least 70%.
• Another subject of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an accessory for an electric cable, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• Step i may be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by molding or injection molding.
• the constituent compounds of the polymer composition of the invention may be mixed as described above for the manufacture of a cable.
• Step ii may be carried out thermally, for example using a heating mold, which may be the mold used in step i.
• the composition of step i can then be subjected to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time, in order to obtain the desired crosslinking.
• a molded and crosslinked layer is then obtained.
• Step ii thus makes it possible to obtain a crosslinked layer, in particular having a gel level, according to ASTM D2765-01, of at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly preferably at least 70%.
• the crosslinked layer may also be characterized by standard NF EN 60811-2-1 (or "Hot Set Test”) with a hot creep under load (elongation under load in percentage) of at most 175%.
• the crosslinking temperature and the crosslinking time of the extruded and / or molded layer used are in particular functions of the thickness of the layer, the number of layers, the presence or absence of a catalyst. crosslinking, the type of crosslinking, etc.
• the temperature profile of the extruder and the extrusion rate are parameters on which the skilled person can also play to ensure the achievement of the desired properties.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an electric cable according to a preferred embodiment according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of an electrical device according to the invention, comprising a junction in longitudinal section, this junction surrounding the end of two electric cables.
• FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of an electrical device according to a first variant of the invention, comprising a termination in longitudinal section, this termination surrounding the end of a single electrical cable.
• the medium or high voltage power cable 1, illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises an elongate central conducting element 2, in particular made of copper or aluminum.
• the energy cable 1 further comprises several layers arranged successively and coaxially around this conductive element 2, namely: a first semiconductor layer 3 called “internal semiconductor layer”, an electrically insulating layer 4, a second layer 5 semiconductor so-called “external semiconductor layer”, a metal shield 6 of grounding and / or protection, and an outer protective sheath 7.
• the electrically insulating layer 4 is an extruded and crosslinked layer, obtainable from the crosslinkable polymer composition according to the invention.
• the semiconductor layers are also extruded and crosslinked layers.
• Figure 2 shows a device 101 comprising a junction 20 partially surrounding two electrical cables 10a and 10b.
• the electric cables 10a and 10b respectively comprise an end 10'a and 10'b, intended to be surrounded by the junction 20.
• the body of the junction 20 comprises a first semiconductor element 21 and a second semiconductor element 22, separated by an electrically insulating element 23, said semiconductor elements 21, 22 and said electrically insulating element 23 surround the ends 10'a and 10'b respectively electric cables 10a and 10b.
• This junction 20 makes it possible to electrically connect the first cable 10a to the second cable 10b, in particular thanks to an electrical connector 24 disposed at the center of the junction 20.
• Said electrically insulating element 23 may be a crosslinked layer as described in the invention.
• the first electrical cable 10a comprises an electrical conductor 2a surrounded by a first semiconductor layer 3a, an electrically insulating layer 4a surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3a, and a second semiconductor layer 5a surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4a.
• the second electrical cable 10b comprises an electrical conductor 2b surrounded by at least a first semiconductor layer 3b, an electrically insulating layer 4b surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3b, and a second semiconductor layer 5b surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4b .
• These electric cables 10a and 10b may be those described in the present invention.
• the second semiconductor layer 5a, 5b is at least partially stripped so that the electrically insulating layer 4a, 4b is at least partially positioned inside. of the junction 20, without being covered with the second semiconductor layer 5a, 5b of the cable.
• the electrically insulating layers 4a, 4b are directly in physical contact with the electrically insulating element 23 and the first semiconductor element 21 of the junction 20.
• the second semiconductor layers 5a, 5b are in direct physical contact with the second semiconductor element 22 of the junction 20.
• Figure 3 shows a device 102 comprising a termination 30 surrounding a single electrical cable 10c.
• the electric cable 10c comprises an end 10'c, intended to be surrounded by the termination 30.
• the body of the termination 30 comprises a semiconductor element 31 and an electrically insulating element 32, said semiconductor element 31 and said electrically insulating element 32 surround the end 10'c of the electric cable 10c.
• Said electrically insulating element 32 may be a crosslinked layer as described in the invention.
• the electrical cable 10c comprises an electrical conductor 2c surrounded by a first semiconductor layer 3c, an electrically insulating layer 4c surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3c, and a second semiconductor layer 5c surrounding the electrically insulating layer 4c.
• This electric cable 10c may be that described in the present invention.
• the second semiconductor layer 5c is at least partially stripped so that the electrically insulating layer 4c is at least partially positioned inside the terminal 30, without being covered by the second semiconductor layer 5c of the cable.
• the electrically insulating layer 4c is directly in physical contact with the electrically insulating element 32 of the termination 30.
• the second semiconductor layer 5c is in direct physical contact with the semiconductor element. conductor 31 of the junction 30.
• Table 1 below groups crosslinkable polymer compositions whose amounts of the compounds are expressed in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer material in the crosslinkable polymer composition.
• the polymeric material in Table 1 is composed solely of EPDM.
• compositions C1 to C4 are comparative tests, and compositions 11 to 12 are in accordance with the invention.
• Siloxane oligomer 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
• Polymeric material is EPDM marketed by Dow under the reference Nordel IP4520;
• Inert load is calcined kaolin marketed by IMERYS under the reference Polarity 503S;
• Thermal stabilizer is zinc oxide (ZnO), marketed by Grillo-Werke AG under the reference ZnO pharma4;
• VTEO is a silane monomer of the vinyltriethoxy silane type, sold by the company Evonik under the reference Dynasylan VTEO;
• MEMO is a silane monomer of the methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane type, sold by the company Evonik under the reference
• VTMOEO is a silane monomer of the vinyltrimethoxy ethoxy silane type, sold by the company Evonik under the reference Dynasylan VTMOEO;
• Siloxane oligomer 1 comprises a homo-oligomer of methyltriethoxysilane and is marketed by Crompton under the reference Silquest RC-1 Silane;
• Siloxane oligomer 2 comprises a siloxane co-oligomer with vinyl, propyl and ethoxy groups and is marketed by the company Evonik under the reference Dynasylan 6598;
• - Implementing agents includes:
• paraffinic oil 20 parts by weight of paraffinic oil per 100 parts by weight of polymer material in the crosslinkable polymer composition, said paraffinic oil being marketed by Nynas under the reference Nypar;
• Crosslinking co-agent is a triallyl cyanurate, marketed by Kettlitz under the reference TAC / 70;
• Antioxidant is a polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline sold by Flexsys under the reference Flectol TMQ;
• Crosslinking agent is an organic peroxide of the Dicumyl peroxide type (DCP), sold by Arkema under the reference Luperox DCP, whose half-life time is 6 minutes at 162 ° C.
• DCP Dicumyl peroxide type
• compositions summarized in Table 1 are implemented as follows.
• a first step for each composition (C1 to C4, 11 and 12), the various constituents are mixed with the polymeric material (EPDM) at a temperature of about 115 to 120 ° C, in an internal mixer.
• a second step once the compositions have been mixed, 100 ⁇ 100 mm plates with a thickness of 1 mm are formed using a twin-cylinder inside which the mixed compositions pass.
• said plates are crosslinked in a compression-molding press at a temperature of 180 ° C.
• the measurements are made using a Diana dielectric analyzer on samples of diameter 10 cm and thickness 1 mm, taken from the reticulated plates.
• the sample is introduced into the dielectric analyzer Diana and the measurements are made at a voltage of 1 kV.
• the delta tangent measurement is carried out successively at 3 temperatures: 23 ° C, 90 ° C and 130 ° C.
• the results given in the table for each temperature is the average of 3 measurements made on 3 different samples. This method is applied successively as follows:
• the crosslinked layer of the invention (Compositions 11 and 12) has very good dielectric properties, especially delta tangent values whose increase is significantly limited, which is at most 0.020 to 130 ° C., after immersion in water at 90 ° C for two weeks, and at most 0.020 to 130 ° C, after immersion in water at 90 ° C for four weeks.
• composition 11 a homo-oligomer of siloxane
• composition 12 a siloxane co-oligomer

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• 2015
  • 2015-02-10 FR FR1551051A patent/FR3032554B1/fr active Active
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