EP3233923A1 - Utilisation de pll pour améliorer la stabilité de molécules en solution - Google Patents
Utilisation de pll pour améliorer la stabilité de molécules en solutionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3233923A1 EP3233923A1 EP15828349.9A EP15828349A EP3233923A1 EP 3233923 A1 EP3233923 A1 EP 3233923A1 EP 15828349 A EP15828349 A EP 15828349A EP 3233923 A1 EP3233923 A1 EP 3233923A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molecule
- pll
- solution
- conjugate
- daltons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
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- A61K47/6905—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion
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- C07K16/44—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material not provided for elsewhere, e.g. haptens, metals, DNA, RNA, amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particular molecular complex comprising a conjugate based on polylysine (PLL) and an unstable molecule in solution. It also relates to a composition comprising such a complex, a method of obtaining and its use. The invention also relates to the use of one or more PLL-based conjugates to improve the hydrophilicity and the effectiveness / activity of an unstable molecule in solution over a period of time compatible with the use of said molecule.
- PLL polylysine
- the present invention also relates to a method for identifying a conjugate or a combination of several PLL-based conjugates for improving the hydrophilicity and the efficacy / activity of an unstable molecule in solution as well as a kit for its implementation.
- This instability has important repercussions, in particular for the industrialist having invested resources in a research and development program leading to this unusable molecule, but also for those deprived of its beneficial effects.
- the technical solutions that are currently known to overcome this phenomenon of instability are often very expensive, require a considerable development time and are also poorly suited to therapeutic, cosmetic, nutritional or diagnostic use of the molecule.
- unstable solutions of molecules for pharmaceutical purposes are generally stored at temperatures around -80 ° C. They must be warmed and administered to a patient under treatment. This also has a major drawback related to energy expenditure necessary to maintain a stabilization temperature of -80 ° C, a logistical problem related to the necessary synchronization between the steps of heating the solution taking care to avoid precipitation of the molecule, therefore the uncertainty as to the actual amount of active molecule administered, and the route of administration for pharmaceuticals.
- Microencapsulation is a process by which a product, solid, liquid or pasty, is incorporated into microparticles.
- the microparticles are used to deposit a quantity of drug that is slowly released into the body.
- This system although effective in some cases to stabilize and release a molecule of interest in-vivo, is unable to stabilize it in liquid solution ex-vivo if it is unstable in solution.
- the polymers generally used for the formation of these microcapsules are derivatives of lactic and glycolic acids (PLGA, PLA), ethylcellulose, or poly-epsilon-caprolactone which are biodegradable and likely to leave "traces pollutants' for the recipient and the environment.
- Nanoparticles are used in biomedical research and medicine. Nanoparticles are ultrafine particles of which one of the three dimensions is less than 100 nm. This technology, in addition to its generally prohibitive cost, has a number of limitations and disadvantages. Indeed, the synthesis of these products must be perfectly reproducible, their physico-chemical properties must be studied in depth and with great precision, the surface of the nanoparticles must usually be covered with molecules or polymers to increase their colloidal stability and biocompatibility. Finally, the mechanisms of nanoparticle degradation must also be studied in detail, and the risks of cellular, physiological and histological toxicity must be seriously evaluated.
- nanotechnology therefore involves significant physical risks that can be both environmental risks and health risks for the people who use them but also people who handle the nanoparticles during their production.
- Other disadvantages are related to the fact that exposure to nanoparticles must be reduced and / or controlled by traceability which must allow at any time to know where are the nanoparticles, in which product, in which packaging.
- a macromolecule of interest formulated with any one of the methods of the state of the art is stable in liquid solution ex vivo only for a very short time, from a few seconds to a few minutes, or even a few hours. .
- the present invention provides a non-covalent molecular complex comprising at least one conjugate, preferably a monofunctional conjugate, of a PLL.
- a conjugate preferably a monofunctional conjugate
- the use of such a conjugate with an unstable molecule in solution makes it possible to improve the solubility of the molecule, its stability and to prolong and / or maintain the activity of the molecule in solution.
- the PLL conjugates are known in particular for their use in the pharmaceutical field.
- the international patent application WO96 / 15810 in particular discloses the use of these conjugates for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions useful in the treatment of neuronal degeneration, autoimmunity, malignant cell proliferation. Nevertheless, these conjugates have never been used to form molecular complexes via non-covalent bonds with unstable molecules in solution to improve their stability in solution and prolong or maintain their activity.
- At least one PLL conjugate comprising:
- ⁇ at least one molecule F having a molecular weight of 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bonded to said main chain,
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining such a complex, compositions containing it and its use.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one PLL conjugate, comprising:
- ⁇ at least one molecule F having a molecular weight of 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bonded to said main chain,
- the invention also relates to a kit for implementing this use.
- the invention also relates to a method for identifying at least one PLL conjugate capable of binding non-covalently to a given unstable M molecule in solution, as well as a kit for the implementation of this method. process.
- the invention makes it possible to stabilize in solution a molecule M in the form of a molecular complex.
- the invention makes it possible to give a second "life" to many unstable molecules in solution, in particular macromolecules, in particular macromolecules of therapeutic interest, neglected or not used at their true value, by combining said molecule with one or more PLL-based conjugate (s) selected according to the molecule studied.
- PLL-based conjugate selected according to the molecule studied.
- the complexes of the invention thus formed and stable ex-vivo, can also be directly used invivo in therapeutic, cosmetic, nutritional, surgical or diagnostic applications, and in particular to be administered to a patient, without there are no particular problems related to toxicity.
- the complexes of the invention may also act as therapeutic vectors, protecting in vivo the molecule M complexed against attacks, in particular, enzymatic and immune metabolic systems of the human or animal body.
- FIG. 1A represents the IRFT spectrum obtained for the cysteine-G-PLL conjugate according to the invention; in this figure we can observe the PLL identified by the area 1700-1550 cm 1 and the cysteine represented by the peaks around 1300 and 700 cm 4 ,
- FIG. 1B represents the IRFT spectrum obtained for the methionine-G-PLL conjugate according to the invention; in this figure one can observe the PLL identified by the region 1700-1550 cm "1 and methionine represented by the peaks at 1300, 900 and 700 cm,
- FIG. 1C represents the obtained IRFT spectrum for the glutathione-G-PLL conjugate according to the invention; in this figure we can observe the PLL identified by the 1700-1550 cm-1 zone and the glutathione represented by the peaks at 1300 and 1200 cm,
- FIG. 1D represents the IRFT spectrum obtained for the taurine-G-PLL conjugate according to the invention; in this figure we can observe the PLL identified by the 1700-1550 cm 1 zone and the taurine represented by the peaks at 1300, 1000 and 700 cm 1 ,
- FIG. 1E represents the IRFT spectrum obtained for the orotyl-PLL conjugate according to the invention.
- the PLL identified by the area 1700-1550 cm 1 and the orotyl represented by the peaks around 1300 and 800 cm 4 ,
- FIG. 2 represents the protein structure of factor VIII by in silico study
- FIG. 3 represents the protein structure of hemoglobin by in silico study
- FIG. 4 shows the protein structure of albumin by in silico study.
- complex or “molecular complex” means an entity formed by contacting an unstable M molecule in solution with one or more conjugates of a bound PLL. (s) by non-covalent bond.
- PLL conjugate means a molecule derived from a covalent coupling on a PLL of one or more F molecules.
- PLL monofunctional conjugate is meant the coupling product of a molecule F to PLL.
- polyfunctional PLL conjugate is meant the coupling product of at least two F molecules.
- a bifunctional conjugate may be represented by the formula: Fl molecule - PLL - F2 molecule.
- F molecule means a substituent or a non-immunogenic molecule.
- substituted is meant a molecule of low molecular weight generally between about 50 Daltons and about 1000 Daltons, preferably between about 200 Daltons and about 600 Daltons, and more preferably between about 150 Daltons and about 500 Daltons, be covalently bonded or covalently bonded to a PLL in the epsilon ( ⁇ ) -amino position of the carbon chain.
- immunogenic is meant any molecule capable of inducing an immune reaction.
- a “non-immunogenic” molecule is therefore a molecule that does not induce an immune reaction.
- PLL polypeptide or homopolymer consisting mainly of linear L or D-Lysine (that is to say unbranched by another or other lysines) or mainly linear L-lysine. It answers the formula: H ⁇ NHCHCO- OH
- the term "unstable M molecule in solution” means an unstable molecule in solution, preferably a macromolecule. It can be in particular a protein, a lipid, a sugar, a nucleic acid or any other large biomolecule; By “unstable in solution” is meant a molecule exhibiting a decrease or a loss of activity when it is dissolved in a solvent, in particular in an aqueous solvent. It may be hydrophobic or slightly hydrophilic molecules, or hydrophilic molecules but whose activity is reduced in solution.
- non-covalent bond means any bond which is not covalent, in particular a bond of ionic, hydrogen or van der Waals type.
- pharmaceutical or biological activity is understood to mean the observed consequence that the absorption of a molecule or substance by an organism as obtained by an analysis method allowing the detection of such activity. This can be evaluated, for example, by observing and evaluating the selective occupancy of a receptor or the specific interaction with an enzyme or protein (e.g., antigen-antibody interaction) of the molecule or substance of interest.
- the reduction or loss of the pharmacological activity of a substance or macromolecule of interest in liquid solution is an indication of the instability of said substance in liquid solution.
- the term "initial biological activity” or “initial pharmacological activity” means the biological or pharmaceutical activity of a complex according to the invention as measured for the first time after its dissolution.
- the time elapsed between the dissolution of the complex and the first measurement of activity can be variable and subject to the influence of various parameters, including the speed of execution of the measurement whether it is automated or manual.
- original biological activity or “original pharmacological activity” means the biological or pharmacological activity of a molecule before it comes into contact (ie its complexation) with one or more conjugates as defined in the present application.
- “Variation in pharmacological or biological activity” means the absolute value of the difference between the observed and measured value of the initial activity and the observed and measured value of the activity at a time “t” after the in solution of the macromolecule.
- "Maintenance of pharmacological or biological activity” is understood to mean a variation of the pharmacological or biological activity as defined above by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, preferably from plus 10%, more preferably not more than 5% or even more than 1%.
- aqueous solvent means a solvent mainly or essentially aqueous, that is to say containing at least about 70% of water, preferably at least about 80% of water and water. more preferably at least about 90% water or at least about 95% water.
- liquid phase solution or “solution in the liquid state” means a solution that has not reached its freezing point.
- an aqueous or predominantly aqueous solution stored at a temperature below about 0 ° C, preferably below about -5 ° C, can not be considered to be in the liquid phase.
- the invention therefore relates to a molecular complex comprising:
- At least one PLL conjugate comprising:
- ⁇ at least one molecule F having an average molecular weight of 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bonded to said main chain, and
- conjugate (s) and the molecule (s) M being linked by non-covalent bond, that is to say interacting by non-covalent bonding.
- the PLL conjugate can be monofunctional or polyfunctional.
- the same complex if it contains several PLL conjugates, may contain only monofunctional conjugates, only polyfunctional conjugates or a mixture of monofunctional (s) and polyfunctional (s) conjugate (s).
- the PLL conjugate is monofunctional.
- the PLL conjugate may consist exclusively of a linear main chain of PLL and at least one molecule F having an average molecular weight of between 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bound to said main chain.
- the PLL chain has a mean molecular weight preferably between 2000 and 300000 Daltons, which means that its degree of polymerization (ie the value of the index n of the formula given in the definition part) is between about And about 2360 or 127 lysyl residues.
- the PLL chain present in the molecular complex according to the invention has an average molecular weight which is generally between 2,000 and 300,000 Daltons, which means that its degree of polymerization is between about And about 2360, preferably between 20,000 and 50,000 Daltons which means a degree of polymerization of 155 and 394 is between 155 and 374 lysines.
- the PLL chain comprises between 30 and 150 lysines corresponding to an average molecular weight of between 3800 and 19100 Daltons, more preferably between 50 and 100 lysines corresponding to an average molecular weight for the PLL chain of between 6400 and 13000 Daltons. .
- the main linear PLL chain of the conjugate is preferably an alpha linear chain.
- the molecule F preferably has a molecular weight of between 100 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, still more preferably between 200 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, in particular between 300 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, more particularly between 400 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, and preferably between 500 Daltons and 1000 Daltons. Daltons and 1000 Daltons.
- the F molecules are substituents or non-immunogenic molecules. Molecules as described in PCT patent application WO96 / 15810 may in particular be used for the present invention.
- the F molecules are preferably chosen from one of the following three categories:
- the molecules with a "fatty acid or lipid” character which comprise:
- saturated or unsaturated (di) fatty acid with a linear or branched chain, generally comprising from 4 to 24 carbon atoms;
- Antioxidant molecules which include:
- cysteine and its derivatives of formula: R1S-R2-CH (NH2) -C00H wherein R1 represents H or CH3 and R2 represents a C1-C3 alkylene.
- amino acid or neurotransmitter which include:
- R 3 represents hydrogen, an imidazol-2-ylmethyl group, a carboxymethyl group or an aminopropyl group;
- A represents a (C 1 -C 6) alkylene or a - (CH 2) m -NH-B- (CH 2) p- group in which m and p, independently one on the other, are integers from 1 to 5, and B represents nothing or - (CH2) n -NH-, n being an integer from 1 to 5;
- conjugates Three types of conjugates (whether monofunctional or polyfunctional) are distinguished: the "fatty acid or lipidic”conjugates; the “anti-oxidant”conjugates; and “amino acid or neurotransmitter” conjugates.
- the (di) fatty acid comprises from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, for example butyric, maleic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, sebasic, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic acid.
- the acid is selected from myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid or (di) acid, azelaic acid, for example.
- the isoprenoids bound to a cysteine generally comprise from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a cysteine generally comprise from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Farnesyl-cysteine, geranyl-geranyl-cysteine or mevalonate-cysteine are used in the context of the invention.
- hydrophobic hormone progesterone or 2-methoxyoestradiol is preferably used.
- the indolealkyleamines and catecholamines used in the context of the invention comprise, in particular, tryptophan, 5-methoxytryptophan, serotonin, tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptaminc, melatonin, phenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and tyrosine.
- amino acids histidine, glycine and aspartate are preferably used.
- the amino (C 1 -C 5) alkylsulfonic or sulfinic acids used according to the invention include, in particular, taurine, homotaurine and hypotaurine.
- the diamines preferably used in the context of the invention are putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidine.
- PLL conjugates which may be used for the implementation of the invention include oleic acid-PLL, azelaic acid-PLL and 5-methoxytryptamine-PLL.
- cysteine-PLL a cysteine-PLL, a methionine-PLL, a taurine-PLL, a glutathione-PLL or an acidethiotic-PLL
- the molecule (s) F (s) covalently bound to the main PLL chain is (are) chosen from cysteine, methionine, thorine, glutathione and thiotic acid.
- the molecular weight ratio and the peak area between the F molecule (s) and the main chain (determined by FTIR) is between about 10 and about 20.
- the molecule M is preferably a macromolecule, that is to say a molecule having a molecular weight preferably greater than 1000, preferably 2000 Daltons, even more preferably greater than 5000 Daltons and in particular greater than 10000 Daltons.
- the molecules M may be organic and / or mineral and may be of natural and / or synthetic origin. Preferentially it is organic molecules.
- the M molecules are molecules useful in biological systems, preferably useful in the therapeutic, cosmetic, nutritional and / or diagnostic fields.
- the M molecule or molecules are therefore very preferably molecules having a pharmacological and / or nutritional and / or cosmetic activity and / or is a diagnostic reagent.
- proteins such as, for example, lipoproteins, mucoproteins, nucleoproteins, nucleic acids (such as DNA, RNA, RNA). interfering, tRNA, cRNAcyst etc.) and metal proteins (example: metalloproteins).
- oligosaccharides saccharides composed of 2 to 10 base units of monosaccharides
- polysaccharides examples include collagen, cellulose, starch, Factor VIII, and immunoglobulins.
- M molecules of the protein type mention may be made especially of the structural proteins that enable the cell to maintain its organization in space; the transport proteins that transfer different molecules into and out of the cells; regulatory proteins that modulate the activity of other proteins or that control gene expression; signaling proteins that capture external signals and transmit them to the cell or organism such as, for example, hormonal proteins; receptor proteins that detect the messenger molecules and other signals for the cell to act accordingly such as, for example, sensory proteins and hormone receptors such as insulin; motor proteins that allow cells or organisms or certain elements to move or deform such as actin and myosin; defense proteins that protect the cell against viruses such as, for example, antibodies; storage proteins that allow the setting in reserve of amino acids to be able to create other proteins such as, for example, ovalbumin and enzymes.
- protein M molecules which can be used in the invention are immunoglobulins, coagulation proteins, VI II and IX factors, albumin, etc.
- Lipid-type M molecules include saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, glycerides, (mono, di and tri) and phospholipids.
- lipid-type M molecules that can be used in the invention are lipoproteins, for example lipoprotein A.
- the molecule M is a protein.
- the molecule (s) M and the PLL conjugate (s) are non-covalently bound by at least one non-covalent bond.
- An M molecule and a PLL conjugate can be linked by one or more non-covalent bonds.
- the ratio between the molecular concentration of the conjugate (s) and that of the molecule (s) M is between 1 and 30.
- the invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising one or more molecular complex (s) according to the invention in solution in a hydrophilic solvent, preferably chosen from water, a phosphate buffer, physiological saline or a mixture thereof.
- hydrophilic solvents useful for implementing the invention may be varied insofar as they allow the dissolution of the molecule (s) M and the selected conjugate (s).
- composition may comprise, in addition to the molecular complex (s) according to the invention and the hydrophilic solvent, at least one other compound. It may be for example another pharmaceutically compatible compound selected from an excipient, a surfactant, a vehicle, etc.
- Coupling methods between the F molecules and the PLL for obtaining the PLL conjugates according to the invention are the conventional chemical coupling methods well known to those skilled in the art, between a functional group of each molecule and the functional group. ⁇ -amine of the PLL. These couplings are carried out via a coupling agent, chosen for example from glutaraldehyde, succinic or glutaric anhydride, carbodiimides, ethyl chloroformate or hexamethylene diisocyanate. Examples of such coupling methods include those described in Geffard et al., CR Acad. Sci. Paris: 295, 797-802, (1982). The molecules can also be associated with the PLL by simple adsorption. Examples of suitable coupling methods are described in detail in the following preparations.
- the coupling between said molecules and the PLL can be carried out between the ⁇ -amine function of the PLL and a carboxylic function of said molecules or other activatable chemical functions.
- the binding with the PLL is carried out between an amine function of the latter and the carboxylic function of the aforementioned molecules.
- the binding with PLL is advantageously between an amino function of the latter and the acid function of these molecules.
- the cysteine and its derivatives may be activated beforehand by coupling with succinic or glutaric anhydride, the bond then being between the ⁇ -amine function of the PLL and the free acid function of the succinylated or glutarylated molecule.
- the cysteine and its derivatives may be bound to PLL by reaction with glutaraldehyde, the reaction being carried out in particular as described by Geffard et al., Brain Res. : 294, 161-165, (1984).
- the coupling with PLL is advantageously carried out via the hydroxyl group of cholesterol.
- the cholesterol and its derivatives are adsorbed on the PLL.
- the coupling with PLL is advantageously carried out by hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- vitamin A retinoic acid
- vitamin C ascorbic acid
- vitamin E [alpha] -tocopherol
- the bond between this molecule and the PLL is between the amino function of the latter and the free acid function of the acid succinate of the molecule.
- aminoalkylsulphonic or sulfinic acids in particular taurine, homotaurine and hypotaurine
- the bond between these molecules and the PLL is effected by prior activation of the molecules with an acid anhydride (succinic or glutaric acid), or well by coupling with glutaraldehyde.
- indolealkylamine compounds especially tryptophan, and catecholamines
- these molecules can be bonded to PLL either directly or by coupling with carbodiimide, glutaraldehyde, an acid anhydride or an acid chloride, for example ethyl chloroformate.
- the bond between these molecules and the PLL can be made by coupling with glutaraldehyde or an acid anhydride.
- the binding between carnitine or canosine on the one hand, and PLL on the other, is carried out by coupling with carbodiimide.
- the molecular complex according to the invention can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
- the step of providing the conjugate (s) preferably comprises providing a solution comprising the conjugate (s) in a hydrophilic solvent.
- the contacting step is carried out at a temperature between about 4 ° C and 25 ° C and in a buffered solution.
- the step of providing the molecule (s) M preferably comprises providing a solution comprising the molecule (s) M in a hydrophilic solvent.
- the contact time of the (or) conjugate (s) with the molecule (s) M is between 1 hour and 24 hours.
- the molecular complexes or the compositions containing it can be used for various applications, particularly related to the nature and the effectiveness of the M molecules.
- the molecular complex according to the invention can be used as a drug.
- the molecular complex is administered within a composition, in particular a composition according to the invention.
- the molecular complex according to the invention is preferably administered intravenously, intramuscular subcutaneous or oral, nasal spray, oral or auricular or cutaneous and ophthalmic solution.
- the complexes of the invention retain or improve the original pharmacological activity of the M molecule.
- the presence of PLL-based conjugates therefore does not affect this ex-vivo (or in-vitro) activity. It has also been shown that their presence is not detrimental to the action of the M molecule in vivo (i.e. after administration to a patient). Moreover, and against all odds, the presence of the conjugates also has a beneficial effect on the pharmacological activity of the molecule M by improving its bioavailability.
- the complexes according to the invention can also be used to improve the taste or texture of foods, to reduce the lipid content, or to encapsulate the nutrients, for example the vitamins of the foods, so that they do not become not degrade during the shelf life. In addition, they can be used to make packaging to keep food longer.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one PLL conjugate, comprising: ⁇ a linear main chain of PLL, and
- ⁇ at least one molecule F having an average molecular weight of 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bonded to said main chain, and
- hydrophilic solution for:
- the maintenance of the pharmacological activity of the molecule M in solution preferably corresponds to a variation of the pharmacological activity of at least 5% relative to the initial pharmacological activity at a given temperature. at least 1 ° C for 1 hour.
- the invention is also a variant of the use of at least one PLL conjugate, comprising:
- ⁇ at least one molecule F having an average molecular weight of 50 Daltons and 1000 Daltons, covalently bonded to said main chain, and
- the invention also relates to a kit for the implementation of these uses.
- This kit comprises at least one hydrophilic solution comprising at least one PLL conjugate comprising:
- the invention is also directed to a method for identifying at least one PLL conjugate capable of binding non-covalently to an M molecule having unstable pharmacological activity in solution, and to maintain the pharmacological activity of said M molecule in a hydrophilic solution, said process comprising:
- the molecular weight of the M molecule is preferably greater than 1000 Daltons.
- the comparison step c) is carried out between the initial pharmacological activity of the M molecule and the pharmacological activity of the molecular complex (s) measured several times at time intervals determined from the formation of the complex (s), at least every 24 hours.
- step d) of identifying the complex (s) further comprises: comparing the evolution of the pharmacological activity of each tested molecular complex as a function of time;
- the identification method according to the invention therefore preferably comprises at least three steps:
- An in-silico analysis such as that described above is optional but advantageous in most cases because it allows the number of possible conjugates to be limited relatively quickly to the formation of soluble complexes and thus to simplify further the analysis of 'identification.
- solubility of the macromolecule in the presence of the conjugate (s) or mixtures thereof is studied in liquid solution.
- the methods used to determine such solubility are standard and known to those skilled in the art. Nevertheless, an analysis by measurement of the optical density or any method of pharmacopoeia known to those skilled in the art can be cited.
- the preferred solvents for carrying out the process according to the invention are the physiologically compatible solvents, preferably hydrophilic, more preferably aqueous, such as distilled water, phosphate buffers and physiological saline.
- Other solvents such as C 1 -C 3 alcohols or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) may be present and the total amount of which generally does not exceed 10% by volume relative to the total volume of the complex solution.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the insolubility of a molecule in solution is visible quickly to the naked eye, in a period of the order of seconds to minutes in some cases. Consequently, a simple visual study of the samples of the various complexes in solution could be sufficient to determine the solution or solutions of complexes that may be suitable for the second step of temporal analysis of activity.
- optical density analyzes make it possible to obtain a more precise measurement of this phenomenon.
- the original activity of the soluble complexes is first checked then the activity is then measured at different time intervals from the formation of said complex or complexes, preferably every hour, preferably every 24 hours. then every 3-4 days.
- the measurement of the pharmacological activity can be made from any appropriate method of analysis without any limitation. These methods of analysis are well known to those skilled in the art and their use depends essentially on the nature of the macromolecule for therapeutic purposes of interest. As for example, when the macromolecule is an antibody, any method can be used to evaluate its affinity with its antigen and its analogs such as enzymatic immunoassays. When the macromolecule is a DNA or RNA sequence for example, one can use the MALDI-TDF spectrometry method, electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- MALDI-TDF spectrometry method electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- the molecule M has no particular therapeutic aim such as, for example, natural or synthetic polymers, resins, and other polymeric additives, it is of course no longer possible to speak of pharmacological or biological activity, but the process as described previously will be implemented by replacing the pharmacological activity by the characteristic (s) or property (s) of the molecule M. All that is described in the present application with reference to the pharmacological activity of a macromolecule for therapeutic purposes also applies with reference to the characteristics or properties of a molecule M of non-therapeutic interest.
- the invention relates to a kit for determining a conjugate or a combination of several conjugates allowing the maintenance of the pharmacological activity of one or more macromolecules (s) in solution, preferably in phase liquid, comprising at least two identical or different monofunctional or polyfunctional conjugates or at least two identical or different monofunctional or polyfunctional conjugate mixtures, and wherein each of said conjugates comprises an alpha linear PLL-like main chain and one or more molecules each having a molecular weight of at least 50 Daltons and not more than 1000 Daltons covalently bound to said main chain.
- the kit according to the invention may comprise at least two conjugates or mixtures of PLL conjugates as defined above, preferably between two and ten.
- the kit according to the invention comprises PLL conjugates or conjugate mixtures packaged in separate containers.
- the containers that can be used are, for example, vials or single-use doses.
- the kit makes it possible to make a rapid screening by the laboratory for the choice of PLL-Fl and PLL-F2 compounds which corresponds best to the search for stability. Stability and efficacy measurement will complete the analysis and will validate whether or not the macro molecule is "treatable" with a PLL-F compound and orient the compounds that will be grafted by non-covalent bonds.
- the "in silico" analysis is an analysis performed entirely using a computer and the Pymol software. It makes it possible to determine and select the particular PLL conjugates that can interact with a given molecule M as a function of the distribution of the polar amino acids and therefore as a function of the charges of the molecule M.
- the sources used are:
- Isotype immunoglobulin G Saphire EO et al. Crystal structure of a neutralizing human IGG
- Coagulation factor VII I Ngo JC et al. Crystal structure of human factor VI II: implications for the formation of the factor IXa-factor Vi lla complex. Structure. 2008 - Coagulation Factor IX: Wang, S. et al. Studies of benzothiophene as potent factor IXa (FIXa) inhibitors in thrombosis. J. Med. 2010
- Hemoglobin Safo, M. K. et al. The enigma of the liganded hemoglobin end state: a novel quaternary structure of human carbonmonoxy hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2005. Albumin: Bhattacharya, A.A. et al. Binding of the genome anesthetics propofol and halothane to human albumin serum. High resolution crystal structures. 2000)
- sedimentation is the separation of proteins in solution that have the capacity to sediment in a high centrifugal field.
- Centrifugation is a process of separating the compounds of a mixture according to their difference in density by subjecting them to centrifugal force.
- the apparatus used is a high speed rotating machine called a centrifuge.
- the ratio of the centrifugal force Fc to the weight Fp is called the intensity of artificial gravity and is expressed in "G" 3.
- the values used in centrifugation are about 400 to 10,000 G, which corresponds to rotational speeds of about 2,000 to 10,000 rpm depending on the radius of the rotors.
- Some applications such as the separation of biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids), require the ultracentrifugation method developed by Svedberg which uses very high artificial gravity intensities of the order of 200 000 G, and which therefore requires rotational speeds of several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute.
- Absorbance or optical density measures the ability of a medium to absorb light passing through it.
- the absorbance differs according to the nature of the substance studied, according to the wavelength under which it is analyzed, and according to the concentration of this substance in the medium through which it passes.
- This medium can be solid, liquid or gaseous, as long as it is transparent. It is measured by a spectrophotometer.
- the Beer-Lambert law establishes a proportionality between the concentration of a chemical entity in solution (or the partial pressure of this entity in the gas phase), the absorbance of this entity and the length of the path traveled by the light in the solution.
- the concentration is expressed in mol.L 1 or in mol. m 3 .
- ELISA is a biochemical technique using one or two antibodies. One of these is antigen specific, while the other reacts with immune complexes (antigen-antibody) and is coupled to an enzyme. This secondary antibody can also cause the emission of a signal by a chromogenic substrate or fluorophore.
- Control wells are made with the carrier protein modified by the coupling agent at the same concentration.
- the plates are placed for 16 hours at 4 ° C. with stirring.
- the plates are emptied and then filled with 200 ⁇ l of buffer "PBS-Tw bovine serum albumin (BSA) 2.5 g / l". The plates are incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the plates are emptied and washed 3 times with PBS-Tw.
- the antibodies are diluted in different buffers:
- control buffer the same as the saturation buffer
- the "tests" buffer it is saturation buffer containing a PLL-F compound.
- the antibodies thus diluted are deposited on the plate at a rate of 200 ⁇ l per well.
- This test includes a dilution study of the antibody (1: 2500 to 1: 80000) and an affinity study (dilution of the antigen from 1.10 6 to 1.10 12 M).
- the antibody dilution study makes it possible to determine the antibody concentration and thus to determine the antibody dilution to be used for the affinity and specificity study.
- the wells receive 200 ⁇ l of buffer "PBS-Tw, BSA 2.5 g / l" containing immunoglobulins directed against the IgG of the host species labeled with peroxidase and diluted to 1/10 000.
- the plates are incubated for 1 hour. at 37 ° C.
- the plates are emptied and washed 3 times with PBS-Tw.
- the wells receive 200 ⁇ l of revealing buffer (50 mM citrate, 100 mM phosphate, 0.03% H 2 O 2, pH 5) supplemented with 0.2% ortho-phenylene diamine.
- the stain is allowed to develop in the dark for 10 minutes and the reaction is stopped using 50 ⁇ l of 2N HCl per well.
- the optical density is then read at 492 nm.
- nucleic acids DNA or RNA
- proteins are transferred from a liquid medium directly onto a membrane without prior separation.
- the transfer can be carried out by simple diffusion, by diffusion in an electric field (electrodiffusion) or by suction under vacuum.
- Detection is similar to those used in separation transfers: for example, nucleotide sequences for DNA or RNA or antibodies for proteins.
- a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) was taken as a model: anti-HDehydroThromboxane B2 (11DHTB2-BSA), clone 2E1-B4 (IgG1, K) (cell supernatant).
- the corresponding antigenic compound anti-11DehydroThromboxane B2-BSA.
- TBS Tri-NaCl buffer
- the system is evacuated at room temperature for lh.
- the membrane is then washed once with 1x TBS.
- control buffer the same as the saturation buffer
- the "tests" buffer it is saturation buffer containing a PLL-F compound.
- three solutions i.e. three different concentrations (10 4 M, 10 5 M and 10 6 M) were tested by PLL-F compound.
- the PLL-Fs tested are as follows:
- the strips are washed 3 times with TBSIX-TW 0.005%.
- the strips are immersed in TBS1XTW (0.005%) -BSA buffer (0.1%) containing immunoglobulins directed against peroxidase-labeled host species IgG and diluted 1/5000 for 1h at room temperature with shaking. .
- the strips washed 3 times with TBSIX-TW 0.005% and a final wash with TBSIX to remove the foam.
- the strips are immersed in revealing buffer. Staining develops in the dark for 10 minutes and the reaction is stopped using 50 ⁇ l of 2N HCl per band. The intensity of the spots is estimated by the experimenter.
- the method used is the cell count method of Malassez and trypan blue. Trypan blue is a negatively charged chromophore (blue color) that does not interact with the membrane if it is intact. It will only stain the damaged cells, to determine the viability of a sample. The samples are diluted and mixed with trypan blue. Once placed on a conventional counting cell (Malassez cell), the number of total cells is determined then the cells appearing blue (cells with damaged membrane) are in turn enumerated. Biomass is determined from the total number of cells while viability is determined from this formula:
- a Malassez cell is a special gridded blade that allows the counting of different types of cells.
- the total volume of the cell is 1 mm3 (100x2.5 x 0.2 x 0.20).
- the grid thus consists of 10 vertical bands (0.25 mm) and 10 horizontal bands (0.20 mm) thus forming 100 rectangles,
- Cells are counted only in 10 non-contiguous rectangles taken at random from the cell.
- the average number of cells per rectangle is calculated (total cells observed in 10 rectangles divided by the number of rectangles counted). The number obtained is multiplied by 100 to obtain the number of cellular entities per mm 3 .
- the Fourier Transformed Red I Spectrometer (I RTF) is a widely used analytical tool for the identification and quantification of molecules and proteins.
- the main region of vibrational spectroscopy is the infrared medium (4000 to 400 cm 1 ) of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- the wave number is defined by the inverse of the wavelength, expressed in centimeters.
- Spectroscopy can be defined as the study of the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with matter.
- This technique makes it possible to identify the chemical functional groups of any molecule via the characteristic vibrations of its chemical bonds.
- the result obtained is an IR spectrum of the studied molecule, either in transmittance mode or in absorbance mode, where the peaks can be interpreted using frequency correlation tables of the valence vibrations.
- the analyzes carried out on the Poly-L-lysine conjugates make it possible to check the grafting of the small molecules on the PLL (shift on the peaks of the amide of the PLL) and to determine the peaks specific to the small grafted molecules. A change in the spectral pattern of a PLL-F and M-molecule mixture is observed, compared with the original spectra of the PLL-F and M-molecule conjugate.
- the molecular weight molecules of at least 50 Daltons and at most 1000 Daltons covalently bound to the main chain of the PLL will be called “F molecules”.
- the conjugates according to the invention are identified by the abbreviation: "molecule F” - "type of coupling” - PLL.
- the "cysteine-G-PLL” conjugate corresponds to a cysteine grafted onto a PLL via a glutaraldehyde-type spacer (or linker in English terminology).
- the "orotyl-PLL” conjugate for its part, corresponds to the orotic acid grafted onto a PLL via an acid chloride type linker.
- F molecules In general, two types of activation concern F molecules, according to their molecular family (amino acids or others), synthesis by glutaraldehyde activation and synthesis by activation with an acid chloride.
- Each molecule F is activated by glutaraldehyde (G), which acts as a coupling agent by activating the amino group of the small molecule.
- G glutaraldehyde
- the condensation reaction forms imines.
- This intermediate compound, small molecule and coupling agent is bonded on the epsilon amino group of the lysyl residue of poly-L-lysine, forming an amide bond.
- Unstable imines are stopped by sodium borohydride. This product is purified by dialysis in buffer solutions.
- the F molecules activated by the ethyl chloroformate synthesis pathway and grafted onto the PLL follow the following reactions: hapten chloroformate of ethyl:
- Each molecule F is activated by the ethyl chloroformate (ECF), which acts as a coupling agent by activating the carboxylic group of the small molecule.
- ECF ethyl chloroformate
- This intermediate compound, small molecule and coupling agent is bonded on the epsilon amino group of the lysyl residue of poly-L-lysine, forming an amide bond.
- This product is purified by dialysis in buffer solutions.
- the characterization of the conjugates according to the invention was carried out by the analytical technique of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). This spectroscopic technique makes it possible to identify the grafting and the specific peaks of the small molecule on the PLL. Although this method is generally very effective, other methods may also be used such as, for example, NMR, or light dynamization or crystallography. Examples of conjugate characterization according to the invention are reproduced in FIGS. 1A to 1E.
- FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared
- the conjugate (s) according to the invention synthesized in the previously described step and the macromolecule of interest with nitrogen inerting, if appropriate, are introduced according to the protocol specific for the molecule.
- M see 4)
- the M molecule is a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb).
- MAb cell supernatant: anti-UDehydroThromboxane B2 (11DHTB2-BSA), clone 2E1-B4 (IgG1, K)
- anti-UDehydroThromboxane B2-BSA anti-UDehydroThromboxane B2-BSA.
- the molecule M is factor VIII.
- Factor VIII plays a central role in coagulation. This is the factor IX cofactor. Factor VIII, activated by thrombin, became the catalyst for the activation reaction of factor X by activated factor IX, in the presence of calcium ion and phospholipids. The factor X activation reaction is accelerated about 200,000 fold in the presence of factor VIII. Activated Factor X acquires catalytic activity that allows it to convert prothrombin into thrombin. This degrades fibrinogen to fibrin. The clot thus formed will be stabilized by the factor XIII, which makes it possible to stop the bleeding.
- factor IX is one of the essential interveners of blood coagulation.
- the protein (57-kDa vitamin K- Procoagulant dependent glycoprotein), encoded by the F9 gene, is inactive in the bloodstream.
- foreign elements infiltrate.
- thrombokinase which intervenes in the wake of the coagulation reactions resulting in the formation of a blood clot .
- hemophilia B people suffer from hemophilia B.
- the software allows to visualize in color on the 3D structure represented in FIG. 2:
- o polar-side amino acids without acid-base function serine, asparagine, threonine, glutamine
- the molecule M is a hemoglobulin.
- hemoglobin The activity of hemoglobin is measured by oxygen saturation.
- Human hemoglobin consists of four identical chains in pairs: two chains each of 141 amino acids each and two ⁇ chains of 146 amino acids each (giving a total of 574 amino acids for hemoglobin). Each of these chains is associated with a prosthetic grouping: Theme. It is symbolized by "Hb”.
- a heme molecule consists of an iron ion complexed with a porphyrin.
- the software allows to visualize in color on the 3D structure represented in FIG.
- o polar-side amino acids without acid function base serine, asparagine, threonine, glutamine
- Polar-side chain amino acids with anionic base function aspartate, glutamate.
- o Polar side chain amino acids with cationic base acid function lysine, arginine
- the molecule M is an albumin.
- Albumin human serum is one of the most abundant proteins in the circulatory system. It plays a key role in the transport of fatty acids, metabolites and drugs and strongly stimulates the distribution of drugs in the body. Without a protein to distribute drugs such as antibiotics, it would be much more difficult to fight the disease; human albumin allows certain active substances to bind and be transported throughout the body.
- the structure of human albumin represents a quaternary model. The molecular weight of the protein is 67,000, with 585 amino acids. The protein has about 67% of the alpha helix and surprisingly no slip. Its structure allows to bind to a wide variety of natural and synthetic molecules. Human albumin is involved in the maintenance of colloidal osmotic pressure. Colloidal osmotic pressure is a form of pressure that must be applied to prevent the excessive amount of water through the semipermeable membrane.
- the protein structure of albumin is shown in Figure 4.
- the software allows to visualize in color on the 3D structure represented in FIG. 4:
- o polar-side amino acids without acid function base serine, asparagine, threonine, glutamine
- the complexes according to the invention can be used in numerous therapeutic or non-therapeutic applications.
- the haemophiliac must moisturize its freeze-dried solution, then prepare the right dose and finally inject it. With the invention the patient will just have to take the pre-filled syringe available to him and inject the right number of units. No more risk of under or over dosage, more risk of contamination during preparation and therefore total safety for the patient.
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2015
- 2015-12-17 CA CA2971019A patent/CA2971019C/fr active Active
- 2015-12-17 US US15/536,840 patent/US10596271B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-17 WO PCT/FR2015/053568 patent/WO2016097618A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-12-17 EP EP15828349.9A patent/EP3233923A1/fr active Pending
- 2015-12-17 CN CN201580076201.2A patent/CN107530438A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3030524A1 (fr) | 2016-06-24 |
CA2971019A1 (fr) | 2016-06-23 |
CN107530438A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
US10596271B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
CA2971019C (fr) | 2023-09-26 |
FR3030524B1 (fr) | 2017-01-20 |
WO2016097618A1 (fr) | 2016-06-23 |
US20180008722A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
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