Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
  • D07B5/12—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form of low twist or low tension by processes comprising setting or straightening treatments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
  • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
  • D07B7/022—Measuring or adjusting the lay or torque in the rope
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
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  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1064—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand
  • D07B2201/1068—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand having the same lay direction
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1076—Open winding
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1076—Open winding
  • D07B2201/1084—Different twist pitch
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  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2025—Strands twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
  • D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
  • D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
  • D07B2201/206—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires arranged parallel to the axis
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
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  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
  • D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
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  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3028—Stainless steel
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  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3035—Pearlite
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/306—Aluminium (Al)
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
  • D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
  • D07B2207/40—Machine components
  • D07B2207/4072—Means for mechanically reducing serpentining or mechanically killing of rope
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
  • D07B2401/201—Elongation or elasticity regarding structural elongation
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/208—Enabling filler penetration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2085—Adjusting or controlling final twist
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2501/00—Application field
  • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2501/2046—Tyre cords
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
  • Y10S174/12—Helical preforms

Definitions

• the invention relates to a multi-strand cable manufacturing process used in particular for the reinforcement of tires, particularly tires for heavy industrial vehicles.
• a radial carcass reinforcement tire comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a belt, or crown reinforcement, arranged circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the band. rolling.
• This belt comprises several rubber plies, possibly reinforced by reinforcing elements or reinforcements such as cables or monofilaments, metal or textile type.
• the tire belt generally consists of at least two superimposed belt plies, sometimes called “working” or “crossed” plies, whose reinforcing cables, generally metallic, are arranged substantially parallel to each other. other within a web, but crossed from one web to another, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire.
• the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements.
• the prior art is known for a cable for protection plies for a heavy industrial vehicle tire.
• This cable has a structure of the type 4 x (1 +5) and comprises four strands each comprising an inner layer consisting of a wire and an outer layer consisting of five son wound helically around the wire of the inner layer.
• This cable of the state of the art has acceptable corrosion resistance and elasticity but a relatively limited breaking force, which although satisfactory for certain uses, is not sufficient for particular uses , in particular in the case of heavy industrial vehicle tire cable.
• the invention therefore aims to provide a multi-strand cable resistant to corrosion and having a high breaking force.
• the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a two-layer multi-strand wire rope, in which
• N-wires constituting an outer layer of a strand are wound helically around 2 wires constituting an inner layer of the strand so as to form the strand;
• the outer strands are wound in a helix L, L being strictly greater than 1, formed previously and constituting an unsaturated outer layer of the cable around K internal strands, K being strictly greater than 1, formed previously and constituting an inner layer of the cable. an oversize of the coiled cable;
• a balancing step of the overwired cable is carried out so as to obtain a zero residual torque in the cable
• the succession of overtopping, balancing and undoing steps applied to the multi-strand cable (K + L) x (2 + N) makes it possible to obtain an aerated cable, that is to say characterized by firstly, by spacing the wires from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the strand) and secondly by spacing the strands from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the cable axis).
• the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable are plastically deformed during the overtopping step and therefore have, at the end of the stripping step, an excess of curvature with respect to the initial curvature of the cable prior to the overtopping step.
• This excess of curvature relatively large, axially spreads the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable when the cable is at rest, especially when it is not subjected to a tensile force.
• This curvature is defined, on the one hand, by the helical diameter of each layer of strands or strands and, on the other hand, by the pitch of the helix or by the helix angle of each layer of strand. wires or strands (angle measured from the axis of the cable).
• the cable thus manufactured is of the type "HE", that is to say, high elasticity, and highly penetrable.
• HE high elasticity, and highly penetrable.
• the spacing of the son and strands relative to the axis of the strand and the cable respectively allows to promote the passage of the eraser between the son of each strand and between the different strands. The corrosion resistance is thus improved.
• an unsaturated layer of strands is such that there is sufficient space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer, several strands can then be in contact with each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there is not enough space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer.
• the cable has a high resistance to corrosion.
• the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable makes it possible to create at least one opening for the gum to pass between two outer strands in order to effectively penetrate the rubber during the vulcanization of the tire.
• the 2 + N structure of each strand amplifies the passage of the eraser.
• each strand has an oblong contour envelope which promotes the absence of contact between the adjacent strands and therefore the passage of the eraser.
• the cable has remarkable properties of resistance.
• the resistance of a cable can be measured by the value of its breaking force and characterizes its capacity for structural resistance to a force.
• the multi-strand structure (K + L) x (2 + N) of the cable makes it possible to give the cable excellent mechanical strength, in particular a high breaking force.
• the structure of the cable makes it possible to manufacture crown plies, for example working or crossed, of protection, having a relatively high linear density. Thus, the resistance of the tire is greatly improved.
• the protective plies are made more enduring and more resistant to corrosion because of its high penetrability which allows the rubber to protect the cable against corrosive agents. and because of its high elasticity which allows the cable to deform easily regardless of the coating.
• the cable in the case where the cable is used in a working or crossed web, thanks to its high mechanical strength, in particular its resistance to compression fatigue, the cable makes it possible to give the tire high endurance, vis-à- in particular the phenomenon of separation / cracking of the ends of the crossed plies in the shoulder area of the tire, known as "cleavage".
• Wire rope means by definition a cable formed of son consist predominantly (that is to say, for more than 50% of these son) or integrally (for 100% son) of a metal material.
• the invention is preferably implemented with a steel cable, more preferably pearlitic steel (or ferritic steel). pearlitic) referred to below as “carbon steel” or stainless steel (by definition, steel containing at least 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
• carbon steel When carbon steel is used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%. ; these levels represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the wires. It should be noted that a carbon content of between 0.5% and 0.6% makes such steels ultimately less expensive because easier to draw.
• Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
• the metal or steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the setting properties.
• a metal layer improving, for example, the setting properties.
• the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc.
• the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber.
• the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
• the K inner strands are helically wound. [024] Preferably, and in this order:
• Each inner and outer strand is formed.
• the K internal strands previously formed are helically wound.
• the L-shaped outer strands previously wound around the previously wound K-shaped inner strands are helically wound.
• the outer layer of each strand is unsaturated.
• an unsaturated layer of son is such that there is sufficient space in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of the layer, several son can then be in contact with each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there was not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of the layer.
• the protection of the cable against corrosion is improved for reasons similar to those relating to the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable.
• it allows the penetration of the rubber to the central channel defined by the strands of the inner layer of the cable.
• the eraser penetrates in the middle of each strand and between the strands.
• the breaking force of the cable is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably 5000 N and more preferably 6000 N.
• the total elongation at break of the cable is greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably greater than % and more preferably to 5.5%.
• the plastic elongation Ap results from the plasticity (irreversible deformation beyond the elastic limit) of the metal of these metal son taken individually.
• the cable has a structural elongation As greater than or equal to 1%, preferably to 1, 5% and more preferably to 2%.
• the preferred cables are the structural cables (3 + 8) x (2 + 2), (3 + 8) x (2 + 3), (3 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4+ 8) x (2 + 2), (4 + 8) x (2 + 3), (4 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4 + 9) x (2 + 2), (4 + 9) x (2 + 3) and (4 + 9) x (2 + 4).
• the pitch represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution around said axis of the cable.
• the inner wires of each of the K inner strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 3.6 and 16 mm inclusive, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm inclusive.
• the diameter of the internal wires of each of the K inner strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• the ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the internal son of each K internal strands is between 20 and 40 inclusive terminals.
• the outer wires of each of the K inner strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 3.1 and 8.4 mm inclusive, preferably between 3.4 and
• the diameter of the outer wires of each of the K inner strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm inclusive.
• the ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the external wires of each of the K internal strands is between 17 and 21 included terminals.
• the outer son preferably have a shorter pitch than the internal son.
• the elasticity of each of the K strands is improved.
• the inner and outer layers of each of K internal strands are wound in the same direction of torsion.
• the winding in the same direction of the inner and outer layers allows to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the son constituting them.
• the internal wires of each of the L outer strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 7.2 and 32 mm inclusive, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm inclusive.
• the diameter of the internal wires of each of the L outer strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• the ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the internal wires of each of the L outer strands is between 40 and 80 included terminals.
• the external wires of each of the L outer strands are wound helically in a pitch of between 4.1 and 13.2 mm inclusive, preferably between 4.6 mm and 10.6 mm inclusive.
• the diameter of the outer wires of each of the outer L strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• the ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the outer wires of each of the L outer strands is between 23 and 33 included terminals.
• the outer son preferably have a pitch shorter than that of the internal son.
• the elasticity of each of the L strands is improved.
• the inner and outer layers of each of the L outer strands are wound in the same direction of torsion.
• the elasticity and the wear resistance of the cable are thus improved.
• the inner strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 3.6 and
• 16 mm included terminals preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals.
• the ratio of the pitch of the inner strands to the diameter of the wires of each inner strand is between 20 and 40 inclusive terminals. All the wires of each inner strand then have the same diameter.
• the outer strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 7.2 and
• 32 mm included terminals preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm included terminals.
• the ratio of the pitch of the outer strands to the diameter of the wires of each outer strand is between 40 and 80 inclusive terminals. All the son of each outer strand then have the same diameter.
• the outer strands preferably have a greater pitch than that of the inner strands.
• the inner and outer layers of the cable are wound in the same direction of torsion. This winding makes it possible to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the strands which constitute them.
• the son and the strands are wound in the same direction of torsion. This helps promote the elasticity of the cable.
• the internal and external wires may have an identical diameter or different from one layer to another. Wire of the same diameter is preferably used from one layer to another.
• the internal wires of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably of carbon steel.
• the outer son of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably carbon steel.
• the cable is particularly intended to be used as reinforcing element of a tire crown reinforcement intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles” - ie, subway, bus, transport vehicles road transport (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles - agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles” - ie, subway, bus, transport vehicles road transport (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles - agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and radially surmounted by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread which is joined to said beads by two flanks, said crown reinforcement comprises cables as defined above.
• the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element of a protective layer.
• the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element for a working ply.
• the cable could also be used, in other embodiments, to reinforce other tire parts for other types of vehicles.
• such a hooping sheet may be arranged radially between the carcass ply (s) and the working ply (s), between the working plies, between the working ply (s) and the protective ply (s). .
• Figure 1 is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest) of a cable obtained from the method according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a detail view of a strand of the cable of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire comprising the cable of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 of a cable of the state of the art.
• FIG. 1 An example of a metal cable and designated by the general reference 10.
• the cable 10 is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the strand layers constituting the cable 10 are two in number. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric.
• the cable 10 is devoid of rubber when it is not integrated with the tire.
• the layer C1 has a substantially tubular envelope giving the layer C1 its cylindrical contour E1.
• the inner strands Tl are helically wound in a pitch p between 3.6 and 16 mm included terminals, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals.
• pl 7.5 mm
• the layer C2 has a substantially tubular envelope giving the C2 layer its cylindrical contour E2.
• TE external strands are contiguous, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two outer strands TE are separated by an opening 14 for the passage of the eraser.
• the inner layer C2 is unsaturated, that is to say that there is sufficient space in the layer C2 to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer C2, several strands can then be in contact with each other.
• the outer strands TE are arranged so that the layer C2 allows the passage of the rubber radially between the outside and the inside of the layer C2 through the opening 14.
• the strands T1 and TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of twist, that is to say either in the S direction ("S / S" layout), or in the Z direction (“Z / Z” layout), here according to the S / S layout.
• Each strand T1, TE has an elongated envelope giving each strand T1, TE its contour E3 oblong.
• the outer son F2 are generally contiguous when the cable is at rest, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two external son F2 are separated by an opening 18 for the passage of the rubber.
• the layer 16 is unsaturated, that is to say that there is sufficient space in the layer 16 to add at least one (N + 1) th external wire F2 of the same diameter as the N external wires F2 of the layer 16.
• the outer son F2 of the layer 16 are arranged so that the layer 16 allows the passage of the rubber radially between the outside and the inside of the layer 16 through the opening 18.
• Each F1, F2 wire is preferably made of brass-coated carbon steel.
• the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm.
• the steel used for the cable 10 is a carbon steel of the NT type ("Normal Tensile") whose carbon content is 0.7%, the rest being made up of iron and the usual unavoidable impurities related to the manufacturing process. steel.
• NT type Normal Tensile
• SHT Super High Tensile
• the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before their subsequent processing.
• a so-called "final" work hardening ie, after the last patenting heat treatment
• the brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than one micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 ⁇ , which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son.
• the composition of the wire steel in its various elements eg C, Cr, Mn
• the composition of the wire steel in its various elements is the same as that of the steel of the starting wire.
• the inner wires F1 of each of K internal strands Tl are helically wound in a pitch p1, i between 3.6 and 16 mm inclusive, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm terminals included.
• the diameter D1, i internal son F1 of each K internal strands Tl is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• all the inner wires F1 of K internal strands T1 have the same diameter.
• the external wires F2 of each of the K inner strands T1 are helically wound in a pitch p2, between 3.1 and 8.4 mm inclusive, preferably between 3.4 and 6.7 mm inclusive. .
• the diameter D2, i external son F2 of each K internal strands Tl is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• all the external wires F2 of K internal strands T1 have the same diameter.
• the outer wires F2 of each inner strand T1 are helically wound around the inner layer 12 so that the ratio R2, i of the pitch p2, i external wires F2 of each inner strand T1 on their diameter D2, i is between 17 and 21 inclusive.
• p2, i 5 mm
• D2, i 0.26 mm
• R2, i 19.2.
• the inner wires F1 of each of the outer L TE strands are wound in a pitch p1, e between 7.2 and 32 mm included terminals, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm inclusive terminals.
• the diameter D1, e of the internal wires F1 of each of the L outer strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• all the inner wires F1 of the L outer strands TE have the same diameter.
• the internal wires F1 of each outer strand TE are wound so that the ratio R1, e of the pitch p1, e of the internal wires F1 on their diameter D1, e is between 40 and 80 inclusive.
• R1, e 15 mm
• D1, e 0.26 mm
• R1, e 57.7.
• the outer wires F2 of each of the L outer strands TE are wound in a pitch p2, e between 4.1 and 13.2 mm included terminals, preferably between 4.6 mm and 10.6 mm included terminals.
• the diameter D2, e of the external wires F2 of each of the L external strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
• all the external wires F2 of the outer strands T1 have the same diameter.
• the outer wires F2 of each outer strand TE are helically wound around of the inner layer 12 so that the ratio R2, e of the pitch p2, e external wires F2 of each outer strand TE on their diameter D2, e is between 23 and 33 included terminals.
• R2, e 7.5 mm
• D2, e 0.26 mm
• R2, e 28.8.
• all the F1 and F2 son have the same diameter.
• the son F1, F2 of each strand T1, TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the direction S ("S / S" arrangement), or in the Z direction (“Z / Z” arrangement), here according to the S / S arrangement.
• This cable 100 has a structure of the type 4 x (1 +5) and comprises four strands T each comprising an inner layer 102 consisting of a wire 104 and an outer layer 106 consisting of five son 108 wound helically around the wire 104 of the inner layer 102.
• the strands T delimit a central channel 110
• the son or strands do not undergo torsion around their own axis, due to a synchronous rotation before and after the point of assembly;
• each elementary strand T1 and TE is formed as follows. [095] During a step of assembly by twisting, the N inner wires F2 constituting the outer layer 16 are helically wound in an intermediate pitch equal to 15 mm in the direction S around the two internal wires F1 constituting the inner layer. 12. During this step, the internal wires F1 are parallel and then have an infinite intermediate pitch.
• the cable 10 is assembled as follows.
• K internal strands T1 formed previously are wound in a helix at the stage of formation of the strands T1 and constituting the inner layer C1 in a step, referred to as the initial pitch, equal to 7, 5 mm in the S direction.
• a step of overwiring of the cable 10 is carried out.
• one surtord that is to say that one more twist the cable 10 in the direction S, the son F1, F2 and the strands TE, Tl previously rolled up.
• the respective initial steps of the threads F1, F2 and the strands T1, TE are reduced so as to obtain intermediate steps smaller than the corresponding initial steps.
• a balancing step of the overwired cable 10 is performed so as to obtain a zero residual torque in the cable 10.
• the cable is passed through rotary type balancing means.
• balancing is meant here in a manner known to those skilled in the art, the cancellation of the residual torsional torques (or of the springback of untwisting) exerted on the one hand on each wire of the cable in the twisted state and on the other hand on each strand of the cable in the twisted state.
• the balancing means are known to those skilled in the art of twisting. They may consist for example of twisters comprising for example one, two or four pulleys, pulleys through which the cable runs, in a single plane.
• the cable 10 is wound on a storage spool.
• the cable 10 previously described is obtainable by the method described above.
• the tire 20 has a top 22 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 24, two sidewalls 26 and two beads 28, each of these beads 28 being reinforced with a rod 30.
• the top 22 is surmounted by a tread represented in this schematic figure.
• a carcass reinforcement 32 is wrapped around the two rods 30 in each bead 28 and comprises an upturn 34 disposed towards the outside of the tire 20 which is represented here mounted on a rim 36.
• the carcass reinforcement 32 is, in a known manner, it consists of at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to forming an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is situated halfway between the two beads 28 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 24) .
• the crown reinforcement 24 comprises at least one crown ply whose reinforcement cords are metal ropes 10 as described above.
• the cables may, for example, reinforce all or part of working crown plies, or triangulation crown plies (or half-plies) and / or crown protection plies, when such triangulation or protection top plies are used.
• the crown reinforcement 24 of the tire 20 may of course comprise other crown plies, for example one or more hooping crown plies.
• the tire 20 further comprises, in a known manner, a layer of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly called “inner rubber”) which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply of the tire. air diffusion from the interior space to the tire.
• a layer of rubber or inner elastomer commonly called “inner rubber”
• it may further comprise an intermediate reinforcing elastomer layer which is located between the carcass ply and the inner layer, intended to reinforce the inner layer and, by Therefore, the carcass ply, also intended to partially relocate the forces experienced by the carcass reinforcement.
• the density of the cables 10 is preferably between 15 and 80 cables per dm (decimeter) of belt ply included terminals, more preferably between 35 and 65 cables per dm of ground included terminals, the distance between two adjacent cables, axis to axis, preferably being between about 1, 2 and 6.5 mm inclusive, more preferably between about 1.5 and 3.0 mm inclusive.
• the cables 10 are preferably arranged in such a way that the width (denoted L) of the rubber bridge, between two adjacent cables, is between 0.5 and 2.0 mm inclusive.
• This width L represents, in known manner, the difference between the calendering pitch (no laying of the cable in the rubber fabric) and the diameter of the cable.
• the rubber bridge which is too narrow, risks being degraded mechanically during the working of the sheet, in particular during the deformations undergone in its own plane by extension or shearing. Beyond the maximum indicated, there is a risk of occurrence of penetration of objects, by perforation, between the cables. More preferably, for these same reasons, the width L is chosen between 0.8 and 1, 6 mm inclusive.
• the rubber composition used for the fabric of the belt ply has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after firing), an elongated secant modulus E10 which is between 5 and 25 MPa inclusive, more preferably between 5 and 20 MPa limits included, especially in a range of 7 to 15 MPa limits included, when this fabric is intended to form a sheet of the belt, for example a protective layer. It is in such areas of modules that we have recorded the best compromise of endurance between the cables 10 on the one hand, the reinforced fabrics of these cables on the other hand.
• the cable 10 is incorporated by calendering with composite fabrics formed of a known composition based on natural rubber and carbon black as a reinforcing filler, conventionally used for the manufacture of radial tire crown reinforcement.
• This composition essentially comprises, in addition to the elastomer and the reinforcing filler (carbon black), an antioxidant, stearic acid, an extension oil, cobalt naphthenate as adhesion promoter, finally a vulcanization system (sulfur, accelerator, ZnO).
• Composite fabrics reinforced by these cables comprise a rubber matrix formed of two thin layers of rubber which are superimposed on both sides of the cables and which have a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm respectively. terminals included.
• the calender pitch (no laying of the cables in the rubber fabric) is between 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm inclusive.
• the cable 10 was compared with the cable 100 of the state of the art 4 x (1 +5) structure.
• each wire 104, 108 of the cable 100 is equal to 0.26 mm.
• the pitch P of the strands 106 is equal to 8 mm and the pitch p of the wires 108 around the wire 104 is equal to 5 mm.
• Table 2 shows the results obtained at breaking strength Fm and structural elongation.
• the cable 10 has a total elongation at break greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably 5% and more preferably 5.5%.
• the cable 10 has a structural elongation As of greater than or equal to 1%, preferably to 1, 5%. In a variant not shown, the structural elongation As is greater than or equal to 2%.
• the breaking strength of the cable 10 is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably 5000 N and even 6000 N.
• the cable 10 has a breaking force 2.3 times greater than the cable 100 while maintaining its structural elongation properties and therefore its elasticity.
• This elasticity is, as described above, representative of the aeration of the cable which also promotes the high penetrability of the cable by the rubber.
• This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time.
• the principle of such a test is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
• the test is here performed either on cables extracted tires or rubber sheets they reinforce, so already coated from the outside with rubber in the cooked state, or on raw cables manufacturing.
• the raw cables must first be coated from the outside with a so-called coating gum.
• a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel (inter-cable distance: 20 mm) is placed between two layers or “skims" (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a diene rubber composition in the green state, each skim having a thickness of 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then we proceed to the vulcanization (cooking) during 40 min at a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston 80 x 200 mm). After which, the assembly is demolded and cut 10 pieces of cables thus coated, in the form of parallelepipeds of dimensions 7x7x20 mm, for characterization.
• the test is carried out on 2 cm of cable length, thus coated by its surrounding rubber composition (or coating gum) in the cooked state, in the following manner: air is sent to the cable inlet, under a pressure of 1 bar, and the volume of air at the outlet is measured using a flow meter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm3 / min).
• a flow meter calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm3 / min.
• the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal itself is checked beforehand with the aid of a solid rubber specimen, that is to say without cable.
• a compressed seal eg a dense foam or rubber seal
• the average air flow measured (average of the 10 test pieces) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high.
• measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 / min are considered to be zero; they correspond to a cable which can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (i.e., in its longitudinal direction).
• the cable 10 was subjected to the air permeability test described above, by measuring the volume of air (in cm 3 ) passing through the cables in 1 minute (average of 10 measurements).
• the measured average air flow of the cable 10 is zero, which means that for each test piece, the measured air flow rate is less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 / min.
• the cable 10 thus has a very low air permeability, since almost zero (average air flow rate) and therefore a penetration rate by the highest rubber.
• the cable 10 thus makes it possible to significantly improve the corrosion resistance.
• the invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments.
• some son could be non-circular section, for example plastically deformed, including a substantially oval or polygonal section, for example triangular, square or rectangular.
• the son of circular section or not, for example a corrugated wire, may be twisted, twisted helical or zig-zag shape.
• the diameter of the wire represents the diameter of the cylinder of imaginary revolution which surrounds the wire (space diameter), and no longer the diameter (or any other transverse size, if its section is not circular) of the core wire itself.
• linear son that is to say right, and conventional circular cross section.

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• 2012
  • 2012-05-25 FR FR1254837A patent/FR2990962B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-05-23 EP EP13724817.5A patent/EP2855763B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2013-05-23 US US14/403,015 patent/US20150159325A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-05-23 WO PCT/EP2013/060564 patent/WO2013174896A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-05-23 JP JP2015513171A patent/JP6131514B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-05-23 CN CN201380027130.8A patent/CN104350201B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-05-23 KR KR1020147035885A patent/KR20150011840A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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