Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
  • C23C2/36—Elongated material
  • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
  • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/325—Processes or devices for cleaning the bath

Definitions

• the invention relates to the iron and steel industry, and more particularly to the coating installations by dipping steel strips, whereby said strips are covered with a layer of zinc or zinc alloy (in the case of galvanizing), or another type of metal or metal alloy such as an aluminum-silicon alloy.
• the moving strip passes into a container containing the metal or the metal coating alloy, maintained in the liquid state.
• the coating is deposited on the strip that then emerges from the bath, and passes through a device controlling the thickness of the coating and contributing to its solidification, usually consisting of nozzles throwing a gas on the surface of the coating.
• a device controlling the thickness of the coating and contributing to its solidification usually consisting of nozzles throwing a gas on the surface of the coating.
• the strip Prior to entering the bath, the strip is heated by an annealing furnace and then cooled to a temperature close to the bath temperature to create optimal adhesion conditions between the strip and the coating.
• the bath is formed in the formation of oxides and intermetallic precipitates, essentially based on Zn and Fe in the case of a galvanizing bath, containing liquid zinc which will be considered in a preferred manner in the remainder of the description, without it constituting an exclusive application of the invention.
• These precipitates are called "mattes".
• Some mattes have a density higher than that of the bath, and decant at the bottom of the tank without hindering the galvanizing process.
• Others on the other hand, have a density lower than that of the bath and float on its surface. They are likely to be incorporated in the coating of the strip, and thus to create defects therein.
• the matte towards a container located away from the entry and exit areas of the band, this container is then extracted from the tray and emptied using a robotic system or not.
• the operator pushes the matte towards an area of the tank where a device such as a robot evacuates to a container outside the tray, in which they are collected.
• the coating thickness control system deposited on the strip consists of blowing nozzles, and can use inert gases such as nitrogen to limit the oxidation of the coating.
• inert gases such as nitrogen to limit the oxidation of the coating.
• the use of these inert gases is also a source of risk for the operator, because of the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere around the tank that it involves.
• the higher the speed of the web the more the coating thickness control nozzles must project a large amount of gas to maintain the coating thickness constant. This has the effect of increasing the ambient temperature around the bath, because the blowing gas transports the heat of the strip and the bath to the working area of the operators.
• a solution devised by some steelmakers has been to replace, at least for the most part, the human intervention to bring matts into the robot's action zone by the action of electromagnetic devices.
• electromagnetic devices Using sliding fields generated by inductors such as linear motors, electromagnetic forces, to which the metal or liquid metal alloy is sensitive (so-called “magnetomotive” forces), move the metal or metal alloy liquid that drives the matte in an area of the tank where the robot is active, creating a recirculation path mattes leading them into said area.
• electromagnetic devices are described, for example, in JP-A-10-053850, JP-A-54-33234, JP-A-2005-068545, JP-1-1006046.
• JP-A-54-33234 teaches to dispose of the field-sliding inductors all around the band in its exit zone of the tank, the sliding fields bringing the matts into the corner of the tank where there is a conveyor belt which evacuate the mattes out of the tray into a container that collects them.
• the entrance to the The strip in the galvanizing bath is, as is often the case, inside a tube immersed in the bath and connected upstream to the annealing furnace, and the matts which have decanted on the surface of the bath can not come into contact with the surface of the band in this area. It is therefore sufficient to place inductors in the environment of the exit zone of the strip.
• JP-A-10-053850 teaches to have screens parallel to the strip in its area of entry into the tray, and sliding field inductors are arranged in the vicinity of the two ends of each screen.
• the magnetic fields thus generated make it possible to attract the mattes out of the zone between the screens and including the band.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for removing supernatant low density matts at the surface of the galvanizing bath guaranteeing a better efficiency than known devices, by using a minimum of inductors.
• the subject of the invention is a galvanization process by dipping a strip of steel running in a liquid metal bath, such as zinc, or a metal alloy contained in a tank, according to which away from the surface of the strip matts that are formed during galvanization and float on the surface of the bath, by means of at least one inductor, each inductor producing a sliding electromagnetic field oriented in a given direction and generating a force magnetomotive, all of said magnetomotive forces displacing said matte towards a receptacle responsible for collecting them and / or towards an area of the bath surface from which they are discharged, characterized in that, for at least one of said inductors, it intermittently reverses said direction of its sliding electromagnetic field so as to change the flow of matte inside the tray.
• a liquid metal bath such as zinc, or a metal alloy contained in a tank
• the invention also relates to a coating installation by dipping a steel strip, comprising a tray containing a liquid bath of metal or metal alloy in which the strip travels, and at least one inductor, each inductor creating an electromagnetic field and magnetomotive forces contributing to bring the mattes generated during the coating in the vicinity of a container intended to receive them and / or in the zone of action of a robot or an operator which brings them into said container, characterized in that at least one of said inductors comprises a device for reversing the direction of the electromagnetic field generated by said inductor.
• It may comprise at least two inductors located on either side of the exit zone of the bath strip, and said inductors each comprise a device for reversing the direction of the electromagnetic field that it generates.
• Said inductors can be mounted on brackets to adjust their location above the tray and their distance from the surface of the bath.
• Said installation may comprise automated devices for controlling the distance between each of the inductors and the level of the surface of the bath.
• two inductors frame the strip in its exit zone of the bath so as to move the matts away from the surfaces of the strip by moving them parallel to it, and two inductors are each arranged along a wall of the tank, substantially in the extension of the other two inductors.
• the tray containing the bath has a generally rectangular shape
• the container in which the mattes are collected, and / or the area of action of the robot or the operator from which they are removed, is placed in a corner the tray opposite one of the inductors, and in the corner of the tank opposite the other of the inductors is placed an inductor for directing the matte to said container.
• the installation may comprise means for controlling the reversal of the direction of the electromagnetic field generated by at least one inductor which are themselves slaved to a device making it possible to evaluate the quantity of mattes accumulated in at least one zone of the tank. and to determine when such an inversion is desirable.
• At least one of said inductors may be a three-phase linear motor.
• At least one of said three-phase linear motors is of the type in which the coils surround the magnetic core.
• the invention is based on the use of sliding field inductors, at least one of which has the possibility of varying intermittently the direction of the sliding field during their use, so the direction of the magnetomotive force that causes the moving of the mattes.
• the tank containing the liquid coating metal is of small dimensions, the presence of a single inductor can be sufficient, if the direction of its sliding field can, according to the invention, be reversed intermittently.
• This variation of the direction of the field makes it possible not to have a constant configuration of the privileged paths of circulation of the mattes on the surface of the bath.
• Inversion (performed at regular intervals or not) of the direction of the field generated by at least one inductor, preferably at least by inductors flanking the two sides of the strip in its area of penetration into the tray, makes it possible to modify the circulation path of the mattes.
• the dead zones and recirculation loops that could be established when the fields had a given direction are "broken" by the reversal of this direction, and the mattes that had eventually accumulated there are brought back into the circulation circuit that leads them to the robot's action area, or even directly to the container that collects them. Human intervention to perform this recirculation of mattes is no longer necessary.
• the number of inductors that would be necessary to evacuate the mattes present on the entire surface of the bath can be reduced, knowing that it is not necessarily necessary that a given area of the tank, in particular those located relatively far from the belt, is permanently concerned by the traffic flows.
• FIG. 1 represents an example of a linear motor that can be used in the context of the invention
• FIG. 2 represents the electrical diagram of the linear motor of FIG. 1;
• - Figures 3 to 5 show schematically the changes in the orientation of the magnetomotive forces generated by the linear motor of Figure 1 as a function of the frequency of the current flowing through it;
• FIG. 6 shows schematically in perspective an example of galvanizing installation to which the invention can be applied
• FIG. 9 shows schematically in top view of a variant of the installation of Figure 6 in which an additional linear motor is used.
• a motor-bath distance of 1 to 350 mm is possible (it is to be adjusted also according to the polar pitch and the engine power), knowing that the lower this distance, the higher the efficiency of the engine, all things being equal. But the exact geometry and operating conditions of the galvanizing system must be considered when choosing the optimal distance.
• the engines are also optimally mounted each on a bracket that allows to adjust their exact location above the bath, including height, according to the instant needs of the implementation of the invention which may vary according to various parameters such as than :
• the speed of formation of the mattes which depends, moreover, on the speed of travel of the web, and which, when it is important because the tape is running rapidly, may require maximum efficiency of the engines to keep the mattes away Of the band ; it will be advantageous to place the motors as close to the surface of the bath.
• each motor must be such that the engine can find its place in the production line, given the dimensions The usual tray, tape and available space to install the motors above the tray, especially when you want to install them on a pre-existing installation.
• the length of an engine is from 200 to 2000 mm, its width from 100 to 1000 mm and its height from 50 to 600 mm.
• the length and width of the motor define its active surface: the larger the active area, the greater the area swept by the engine, but also the larger the size of the engine, which can make its implementation difficult.
• all the engines of the same installation are not necessarily identical.
• the choice of the dimensions of the motor is adapted to the size of the zone which it must sweep.
• the motors flanking the strip have a length of the order of the width of the strip to ensure that the mattes will be spaced from the entire penetration zone of the strip in the galvanizing bath.
• this condition is not always fulfilled on installations intended to treat strips of various widths (from 600 to 2000 mm for example). To remedy this, we can consider:
• the polar pitch of the motor that is to say the distance between two coils fed by the same phase, can vary from 50 to 700 mm. It corresponds to the zone of action of the magnetic field. The lower the polar pitch, the closer the motor should be to the bath surface for a given efficiency in matte training. Placement of the motor 100 mm from the surface of the bath is generally accompanied by the choice of a polar pitch of the order of 300 mm taking into account other preferred characteristics of the engines.
• the operating frequency of the motors can range from 1 to 500 Hz. It influences the direction of the magnetomotive force in the liquid Zn, as has been seen above.
• the force is optimally as tangential as possible with respect to the surface of the bath, so as not to create agitation outside the immediate vicinity of the surface (in particular agitation that would tend to return to the heart of the bath matts having decanted at bottom of the tray or those supernatant on the surface) and ensure as efficient a displacement as possible supernatants supernatant on the surface. All things being equal, especially the polar pitch, the electromagnetic force is all the more tangential as the frequency is low.
• the intensity of the current passing through each notch of the motors must be sufficient to create a magnetomotive force of 1000 to 20 000 ampere-turns, knowing that for a given winding, the higher the intensity of the current, the greater the magnetomotive force generated is .
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a three-phase linear motor of a type known in itself, used as an inductor in the context of the invention. It comprises, conventionally, a magnetic core 1 of length L and width I consisting of an assembly of sheets of soft iron. Soft iron is used to maximize the magnetic flux, and the sheet construction reduces the occurrence of eddy currents, hence Joule losses.
• the core comprises slots 2 in which are placed electrical conductors forming coils 3-8, these coils 3-8 are themselves connected to each other to form windings.
• it is a three-phase motor, comprising three windings of two coils arranged alternately.
• the coil 3 is thus connected to the coil 6, the coil 4 is connected to the coil 7 and the coil 5 is connected to the coil 8.
• Each coil 3-8 is supplied with a phase shift of 2 ⁇ / 3 to create the magnetic field sliding that will create the magnetomotive force moving the mattes in the same direction as the field.
• the coils 3-8 can be cooled by an internal circulation of water.
• Figure 2 shows the electrical diagram of the motor, with the star connection showing the alternation of the coil connections.
• a phase inverter 30 which makes it possible, in a single actuating operation, to modify the connections of the coils connected to the phases 1 and 2 (respectively, in the example represented , the coils 3, 5, 6, 8) so as to be able to instantly reverse the direction of the sliding field, knowing that the connections of the coils 4, 7 connected to the phase 3 remain unchanged.
• the polar pitch of the motor that is to say the distance "p" between two coils fed by the same phase, for example coils 3 and 6 in the example shown, is, as has been said, 50 to 700 mm.
• a polar pitch of 300 mm for a motor length of 600 to 700 mm proves to be a good compromise between the various imperatives to reconcile: - a polar pitch long enough that it is not necessary to place the motor at a distance too small galvanizing bath, which could damage it;
• Figures 3 to 5 show the magnetomotive forces and their orientations in the galvanizing bath 9 for frequencies of the current flowing through the motor of 10 Hz ( Figure 3), 50 Hz ( Figure 4) and 250 Hz ( Figure 5).
• the arrows represent, depending on their orientations and their lengths, the preferred directions of said forces and their intensities. It can be seen that, as has been said, the lower the frequency, the more the magnetomotive force is exerted tangentially to the surface of the bath, and is therefore effective, at the same current intensity, for moving the matts in the desired direction. But a low frequency leads to a low intensity of the magnetomotive forces.
• FIG. 6 diagrammatically represents a galvanizing installation equipped, in the example shown, with four linear motors 1 1-14 of the type of that of FIG. 1, and suitable for implementing the invention.
• this installation comprises a bin 15 of generally rectangular shape, provided with means for maintaining the temperature of the liquid bath 9 of zinc or, more generally, of zinc alloy (or, remember, any other metal or metal alloy that can be used to coat the strip 16), it contains.
• the scrolling strip 16 to be galvanized penetrates the bath 9 in an oblique direction. Very often, as has been said, this penetration takes place, in fact, inside a protective tube, connected in its upstream part to the annealing line which has made it possible to adjust the temperature of the strip to a value close to that of the bath 9.
• this tube has not been shown in Figure 6, as well as in Figures 7, 8 and 9.
• the strip 16 passes around a roller located inside the tank 15, and leaves the bath 9 in the vertical, coated with its galvanizing layer, towards the other elements of the galvanizing installation known in themselves and having no influence on the design of the invention.
• the galvanized strip 16 passes, at its exit from the bath 9, between two gas blowing devices 17, 18 which adjust the thickness of the coating on each of the surfaces of the strip 16 and cool it, thus contributing to its good solidification.
• a robot 20 disposed at the vicinity of the tray 15 can be moved in all directions of space in order to extract the mattes bath 9 and send them in a container 19 placed next to the tray 15.
• the linear motors 1 1 -14 are arranged on brackets 21 -24 which make it possible to modify their respective positions above the bath 9 to optimize:
• the bath level 9 tends to drop during the operation, and if the distance between the motor 1 1-14 and the surface 10 increases, the magnetomotive force decreases.
• a progressive lowering of the engine 1 1-14 by its 21-24 stem allows to keep constant this distance, so to keep constant the magnetomotive force in direction and intensity, all other things being equal.
• Another way of acting on the magnetomotive force is to increase the intensity of the current flowing through the motor 1 1 -14.
• Means may be provided to automatically control the distance between each motor 1 1-14 and the surface 10 of the bath 9 to the variation of the level of said surface 10.
• the arrangement of the various main elements of the installation as shown in FIG. 6 is also apparent in FIGS. 7 and 8.
• Two motors 11, 12 frame the strip 16 in its outlet zone of the bath 9 so as to move the mattes away. surfaces of the strip 16 by moving them parallel to it.
• Two motors 13, 14 are, in the nonlimiting example shown, each disposed along a side wall of the tank 15 and parallel to it, substantially in the extension of the two other motors 1 1, 12, so as to make longer said matt wall which penetrate into their respective areas of action, and send them to the zone of action 25 of the robot 20 which pushes them in the container 19 located in the immediate vicinity of the tank 15.
• the zone 25 of the robot 20 is opposite to one of the motors 14 disposed along a side wall of the tank 15.
• the parallelism of the side walls of the tray 15 and the motors 13,14 shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8 is, as has been said, an example of a non-limiting disposition.
• the orientation of these motors 13, 14 is to be optimized according to the precise configuration of the tray 15 and the precise location of the action zone 25 of the robot 20. This optimization can lead to having at least one of these motors 13 14 obliquely with respect to the side wall of the tank 15 from which it is close.
• the invention solves this problem by providing that at least one of the motors 1 1-14 has means for reversing the direction of the electromagnetic field it generates, so the direction of the magnetomotive force that causes the matte to move.
• This inversion can take place systematically at predetermined time intervals and be controlled manually or automatically, previous experiments having made it possible to determine with which optimal frequency this inversion must be carried out. depending on the conditions of the galvanization (including the running speed of the strip 16, the nature of the bath 9 ). It can also take place irregularly, at times determined by the operator of the installation, or by any automated device operating, for example, by being slaved to means for evaluating the amount of mattes accumulated in a system. or specific areas of the bin 15.
• This evaluation of the amount of mattes accumulated can be provided, for example, by an analysis of the images captured by cameras (infrared or otherwise) aimed at areas of potential accumulation of mattes. It makes it possible for an operator, or an automatic galvanization plant management device, to estimate that the accumulation of mattes in one or more areas of the bath surface 9 is about to become excessive or is already, and it is therefore desirable to proceed to said inversion of the direction of the field of at least one of the engines 1 1-14.
• FIG. 7 there is shown a first operating state of the engines 1 1-14 wherein the motors 1 1, 12 both cause the matte to the left side wall of the tray 15. They are taken by the field generated by the motor 14 located along the left side wall 26, and sent towards the container 19 if it is integrated with the tray 15, or, as shown, in the zone of action 25 of the robot 20. Simultaneously, the motor 13 located along the right side wall 27 of the tank 15 sends the matte that captures its electromagnetic field along the right side wall 27 to the zone of action 25 of the robot 20. These matts also tend to be deflected by the front wall 28 of the tank 15 towards the zone of action 25 of the robot 20.
• the various arrows shown in FIG. 7 (as well as in FIGS. 8 and 9) show the movements of the matts induced by the magnetomotive forces generated by the different motors 1 1-14.
• FIG. 8 represents a second operating state of the motors 1 1-14, in which the directions of the fields generated by the motors 11, 12 flanking the strip 16, after a certain time of use of the configuration of the FIG. 7 has, according to the invention, been reversed with respect to the case of FIG. 7. This time, the matts lying in the vicinity of the strip 6 are oriented towards the motor 13 situated along the right lateral wall 27 of the The motors 13, 14 operate as in the case of FIG. 7. This inversion is already sufficient to create movements of the matts on the surface of the bath 9 which are capable of "breaking" the dead zones and the zones of recirculation created in the configuration of Figure 7.
• FIG. 7 will be manually or automatically reset when the accumulation of the mattes in the new dead zones and recirculation loops created will be about to become excessive, as previously described.
• the two motors 1 1, 12 flanking the band 16 both lead the matte in the same direction. But this configuration is not mandatory, it can be provided, if the location of the matte to move requires, the field directions of said motors 1 1, 12 are opposed, and this permanently or temporarily.
• the two motors 1 1, 12 flanking the band 16 have the same length and are exactly opposite. But this configuration is not mandatory and it can be expected that these motors 1 1, 12 have different lengths and / or are offset relative to each other, if it turns out that this is beneficial to the good evacuation of mattes in the particular configuration of the tray 15 used.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows a variant of the case of FIGS. 6 to 8, in which a fifth motor 29 has been added obliquely in the right front corner of the tank 15. It is thus situated on the path of the matts pushed by the engine 13 located along the right side wall 27 of the tank 15, and has the function of enhancing the effect of this motor 13 in the expedition of the mattes towards the zone of action 25 of the robot 20. size of the action zone 25 of the robot 20 and, in general, increase the efficiency of the evacuation of the mattes out of the vicinity of the band 16 and in direction of the action zone 25 of the robot 20.
• the motors 1 1, 12 flanking the band 16 have, as in the case of Figures 7 and 8, their electromagnetic fields alternately in one or the other direction.
• the various motors 1 1 -14 or 1 1-15 are movable during operation in a direction that enables them to accompany the movement of the matts, and thus to assist the displacement of a given group of mattes for a longer duration than if the engine 1 1-14 or 1 1 -15 gave them only one pulse, when these matts are located below the zone initial action of the engine 1 1-14 or 1 1-15.
• the examples which have been described are not limiting and other provisions of the inductors are conceivable, in particular when the zone where the strip 16 enters the bath 9 must also be free of mattes if the strip 16 is It is found in the open air, or if the container 19 collecting the mattes and / or the zone of action 25 of the robot 20 are placed elsewhere than they are in the examples shown.
• the skilled person will be able to adapt the number and arrangement of the inductors to the particular geometry of its coating installation, the essential being the existence of the possibility of intermittently reversing the direction of action of at least one of the inductors to avoid perpetuation dead zones and recirculation loops on the surface of the bath 9, which is conducive to the accumulation of the mattes.

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• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

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• 2011
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