EP2728420B1 - Astronomical watch - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a mechanism for displaying the day and the phase of at least one first star relative to a second star. The invention also relates to a movement comprising drive means for driving at least one such display mechanism.

The invention also relates to an astronomical watch, comprising at least one such movement, and / or at least one such mechanism.

The invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking, and in particular complications for the display of the state of certain bodies.

Background of the invention

Astronomical watches are among the timepieces with complications appreciated by users. Their accuracy is often approximate as regards the display of the cycles of certain celestial bodies, in particular the lunar cycles, often because of the small volume available in the movement, which generally does not allow to accommodate the large number of wheels that would be necessary to ensure a precise approximation of the durations of day and lunar months.

Moreover, the visualization of the phases of the stars is often inconvenient. The indication of the astral day is neglected by most watch displays.

The document WO 91/11756 A1 RICHARD describes a moon display with a first circular plate held in rotation by a drive mechanism of the watch, with a sphere in the moon, movable with this circular support along a window arranged in the dial of the watch. The drive mechanism comprises means for rotating the circular support relative to the window, with a speed corresponding to the speed of the apparent movement of the moon in the sky between its rising and setting. The mechanism rotates a second plate at a speed slightly different from that of the first plate, the second plate drives a pinion that rotates the sphere rotates about an axis parallel to the dial of the watch.

The technical article of the Jahrbuch der deutschen Gesellschaft für Chronometrie, on behalf of GLASER "Astronomische Indikationen bei Uhren", published on 01.01.1989, vol. 40, pages 139-161, XP000102620, ISSN 0373-7616 , describes a representation of the moon phases by means of a rotating sphere or rotating disks. A differential drive drives at suitable speeds, on the one hand the sphere rotating on its axis, and on the other hand this axis in rotation relative to the dial.

The document US 3,766,727 A in the name of DIDIK describes a planetary clock with a complex gear train driving the planets of the solar system represented by spheres, with the moon pivoting around the earth mounted on an inclined axis, and driving the axis of inclination of the earth , the earth around this axis, and the moon around the earth, which is made by so many straps in mesh with the axial roads of the movement.

The document FR 12 679 052 A1 in the name of GHIRIMOLDI describes a planetarium clock mechanism with a volume representation.

The document FR 348 040 A in the name of BURKE describes an astronomical clock with motorization of some stars in rotation compared to others.

Summary of the invention

The invention proposes to integrate in a watch a visual indication of the day of a star, in particular of the lunar day, simultaneously with the display of the phase of this star.

The invention seeks to guarantee, at the same time, a high precision as to the respect of the astral periods, and a very good visibility by a three-dimensional display, attractive for the user.

To this end, the invention relates to a mechanism as defined in independent claim 1. Preferred variants are defined in the dependent claims.

Brief description of the drawings

• les figures 1 à 6 représentent, de façon schématisée, une partie du mécanisme d'affichage de jour et de phase d'astre selon l'invention :
  • figure 1 en perspective, mécanisme seul ;
  • figure 2 en vue de face, mécanisme seul ;
  • figure 3 vue de dessous, mécanisme seul ;
  • figures 4 et 5 vue de côté, respectivement de droite et de gauche ;
  • la figure 6 vue de face, mécanisme derrière un écran, dans sa position visible par l'utilisateur ;
  • la figure 7 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, similaire à la figure 1, une deuxième variante d'une partie du mécanisme selon l'invention, représentée avec l'écran de la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 8 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle, et en vue de face, une montre astronomique comportant un affichage tridimensionnel de lune cette montre étant réalisable en utilisant les mécanismes des figures 1 à 7 ;
  • la figure 9 représente la montre de la figure 8 en vue de droite ;
  • la figure 10 représente, en vue de face, une variante de l'invention avec la représentation simultanée de la Terre et de la Lune toutes deux mobiles dans le plan ;
  • les figures 11 à 13 représentent, en vue en coupe, des variantes particulières de représentation d'astres sous forme d'une sphère coiffée par un globe comportant un hémisphère transparent et l'autre assombri, et différents réglages possibles.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• the Figures 1 to 6 represent, schematically, a part of the daytime display mechanism and star phase according to the invention:
  • figure 1 in perspective, mechanism alone;
  • figure 2 in front view, mechanism alone;
  • figure 3 bottom view, mechanism alone;
  • Figures 4 and 5 side view, right and left respectively;
  • the figure 6 front view, mechanism behind a screen, in its position visible by the user;
  • the figure 7 represents, schematically and in perspective, similar to the figure 1 , a second variant of a part of the mechanism according to the invention, represented with the screen of the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 8 represents, schematically, partially, and in front view, an astronomical watch having a three-dimensional display of moon this watch being feasible using the mechanisms of Figures 1 to 7 ;
  • the figure 9 represents the watch of the figure 8 in right view;
  • the figure 10 represents, in front view, a variant of the invention with the simultaneous representation of the Earth and the Moon both moving in the plane;
  • the Figures 11 to 13 represent, in sectional view, particular variants of representation of stars in the form of a sphere capped by a globe having a transparent hemisphere and the other darkened, and various possible settings.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

The invention relates to an astronomical timepiece, in particular an astronomical watch, and more particularly to a display mechanism for visualizing the state of at least one first star, whether it be an Earth, a a moon, or other, compared to another star.

The invention relates more particularly to the three-dimensional display of the day and the phase of a star, this star being seen from another star.

According to the book "Cosmography" of Maillard and Millet, published in 1953 by the Hachette Bookstore, page 90, we call "phases of the moon" the successive aspects taken by the moon illuminated by the Sun, and seen from the Earth ".

The invention relates to a display mechanism 1 of the day and the phase of at least a first star, comprising a gear 2 for a constant frequency drive socket on an output of a watch movement 100.

By day of a star is meant here the period during which it pivots on itself to return in the same apparent position compared to a fixed terrestrial observer.

By month of a star is meant a synodic revolution, that is to say the average value of the interval of time which separates two consecutive conjunctions of this star and the sun, moments where this star and the sun have the same celestial longitude, relative to a fixed terrestrial observer.

The terrestrial day and the month are to be taken in their usual sense.

According to the book "Cosmography" by Maillard et Millet, published in 1953 by the Hachette Bookstore, pages 10, 11, 0 and 71, the true solar day is about 24 hours, a little longer than 3 minutes 36 seconds. minutes 26 seconds as the sidereal day of 23 hours and 56 minutes, which is the duration of rotation of the celestial sphere, that is to say the duration that separates two successive passages of a point y selected on the equator at meridian of the place ..

By convention we call here "first" a mechanism element relating to a display specific to the first star, "second" an element relative to a second star, and so on.

According to the invention, this display mechanism 1 comprises three-dimensional display means 3 of the day and the phase of the first star represented by a first mobile 5, which are driven by the gear 2. As illustrated by the figures, these three-dimensional display means 3 comprise a first phase shaft 4, driven directly or indirectly pivotally by the gear 2.

This first phase tree 4 carries a first mobile 5, including a first sphere 5, simulation of the first star, and which performs a rotation whose period has the duration of one month of the first star.

Hereinafter called "sphere" a mobile representative of a star, 5 or 50, regardless of the actual form of this mobile.

The mechanism 1 comprises a first day tree 6, driven directly or indirectly pivotally by the gear 2. The first mobile 5 or sphere 5 performs a revolution around the first day tree 6, in an orbit whose period has the duration of a day of the first star.

The wheel 2 advantageously comprises a phase gear 10 and a day train 20, each engaged with an output of the same movement 100, by example on the roadway or on a wheel of twenty-four hours. The phase wheel 10 and the day train 20 may be driven by different outputs of the same movement, or alternatively by each other or vice versa.

The Figures 1 to 6 illustrate a first variant of a mechanism 1 where the first day tree 6 is pivoted by a day train 20, directly or indirectly, from an output of the movement 100. The first phase shaft 4, pivoting about a D4 axis, is pivotally driven by a phase wheel 10, directly or indirectly from an output of the movement 100.

Advantageously, the phase wheel 10 or / and the day train 20 comprises at least one disengagement means between its input and its output. Preferably the phase gear 10 and the day train 20 each comprise at least one disengagement means between its input and its output.

In the particular preferred embodiment, the first phase tree 4 is carried by the first day tree 6, or by a mobile phase 7 driven by this first day tree 6.

The day train 20 comprises an input wheel 21, engaged with a wheel twenty-four hours of movement, or with an intermediate wheel giving a pivot in twenty-four hours, and corresponds to the duration of the day Terrestre. It meshes if necessary with a deflection wheel 22, which attacks a day wheel of the first star 23, or it meshes directly with the star of the day starwheel 23, according to the desired gear ratio, this wheel 23 pivoting completely in one day of the first star. The daylighting wheel 23 of the first star is mounted coaxially pivotally around a pivot axis D6 with a male worm gear wheel 24. The wheels 23 and 24 are connected to each other by a jumper 25, an action on the wolf teeth 24 can disengage this mechanism and change their relative angular position. The disengaging means of the day train 20 thus comprise this jumper 25 disposed between, on the one hand, a day wheel 23 kinematically connected to the input wheel from the movement 100, and on the other hand a male wolf wheel. 24, arranged to be driven by the phase gear 10, and which drives the first mobile 5 pivoting.

The wheel 24 carries the first day tree 6, which comprises a front gear 26.

This front gear 26 meshes with a wheel 27 integral with the first phase shaft 4.

The phase wheel 10 comprises an input pinion 11, engaged with the roadway of the movement, or with an intermediate wheel giving it a pivot in one hour. Pinion 11 meshes if necessary with a return wheel 12, which drives an intermediate wheel 13 which performs a revolution in a given period of time, or meshes directly with the wheel 13 as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , depending on the desired gear ratio.

This intermediate wheel 13 has an internal teeth in wolf teeth 14.

A snail 15 pivots coaxially with the intermediate wheel 13 about an axis D1, its periphery 15A constitutes a cam 16 having a slope 16A delimiting a spout 16B, and a ratchet 17 with a tooth, which pivots on a pivot 17A and which cooperates with the internal toothing 14, as visible on the figure 2 .

The periphery 15A of the snail 15 is traversed by a roller 18, in particular a ruby, which is carried by a rocker 19, pivotally mounted about an axis D9 relative to the plate of the movement 100, and a first arm 19A carrying the roller 18 is returned to the snail 15 by a spring not shown in the figures.

When, once per turn of the intermediate wheel 13, the roller 18 passes from the high point of the snail 16 to the low point, crossing the spout 16B and the slope 16A, it releases the pawl 7, whose tip then resumes the trough of next tooth of the female teeth 14.

Thus, the means for disengaging the phase gear train 10 comprise, on the one hand, a cam 16 arranged on the periphery 15A of a snub 15 arranged to be driven by an intermediate wheel 13 kinematically connected to the input wheel from the movement 100, and on the other hand the first arm 19A of a rocker 19, this first arm 19A recalled by elastic return means to this cam 16, and whose jump at a slope 16A of the cam controls the pivoting of the rocker 19 and the movement of a second arm 19B that it comprises, and which carries a pawl 19C, arranged to cooperate with the wolf teeth wheel 24 of the day train 20 and advance it by one position during this jump.

In this first variant the snail 15 is not permanently driven by the intermediate wheel 13, which carries a toothing with teeth of female wolf 14, the snail 15 carrying meanwhile a pawl 17 arranged to fasten it pivotally with the intermediate wheel 13, and whose jump of the first arm 19A of the rocker 19 at a slope 16A of the cam 16 control the release of this pawl 17 with respect to this female wolf teeth teeth 14 before its reengagement in the neighboring tooth position.

This declutching combined with a recoil decouples the gear train, and adapt at will the resulting period output of the live train.

This pitch of the wolf tooth of the toothing 14 corresponds to a certain elementary duration, according to its number of teeth. The duration until the jump of the next turn is then equal to the difference between the duration of the period of the wheel 13 on the one hand, and this elementary duration on the other hand.

During this jump, the fall of the first arm 19A of the rocker 19 rotates it; its second arm 19B is provided with a pawl 19C, which cooperates with the wolf wheel 24 of the day train 20.

The description which follows relates more particularly to a first preferred application of this first variant of Figures 1 to 6 at the lunar day and phase display.

The movement 100 leads directly or indirectly, particularly by the roadway, an input wheel 21 and a pinion 11, which are coaxial in the case of the figures, but which may equally well have another arrangement, the latter being more favorable in terms of space occupation.

The input wheel 21 has 57 teeth and performs one revolution in twenty-four hours. Pinion 11 has twelve teeth.

For the determination of the lunar month, a first part of the train constituted by the day train 20 comprises two wheels.

The input wheel 21 meshes with a return wheel 22, also of 57 teeth, which makes a turn in twenty-four hours.

The deflection wheel 22 meshes with a lunar day wheel 23 of 59 teeth, which thus performs a revolution in 24 hours 50 minutes 31.58 seconds.

For the determination of the lunar phase, a second part of the cogwheel formed by the phase wheel 10, is composed of a very limited number of components.

At the entrance of the gear train, the pinion 11 of twelve teeth meshes with an intermediate wheel 13 called six hours, 72 teeth, which performs a turn in six hours.

This six-hour wheel 13 has an internal toothing of 14 to 64 teeth.

A snail 15 pivots coaxially with the six-hour wheel 13, it carries a cam 16 having a slope 16A, and a ratchet 17 with a tooth, which cooperates with the internal toothing 14.

The perimeter 15A of the snail 15 is traversed by a roller 18, in particular a ruby, which is carried by a rocker 19, pivotally mounted relative to the platen of the movement, and a first arm 19A carrying the roller 18 is returned to the snail 15 by a spring not shown in the figures.

When, once per turn of the six-hour wheel 13, the roller 18 passes from the high point of the snail 16 to the low point, crossing the slope 16A, it releases the pawl 17, the tip of which then resumes the next tooth trough of the female teeth 14.

The pitch of 0.20000 mm of the wolf tooth of the toothing 14 corresponds to an elementary duration of 5 minutes and 37.5 seconds. The duration until the jump of the next turn is 6 hours less this elementary time, 5 hours 54 minutes and 22.5 seconds, 21262.5 seconds.

With an ideal wolf tooth having a pitch of 0.1999999 mm the elementary duration would be 5 minutes and 37.98 seconds. The duration until the jump of the next turn is then 6 hours less this elementary duration, ie 5 hours 54 minutes and 22.0 seconds, that is 21262,0 seconds.

During this jump, the fall of the first arm 19A of the rocker rotates it; its second arm 19B is provided with a pawl 19C, which cooperates with a wolf wheel 24 to 140 teeth.

This wolf wheel 24 is pivotally secured around a pivot axis D6, via a jumper 25, a day tree 6, carrying a front gear 26 of twelve teeth. This front gear 26 meshes with a shaft wheel 27, of fourteen teeth, integral with a phase shaft 4, which pivots about a pivot axis D4 perpendicular to the pivot axis D6. As a result, the movement of a tooth of the woofer wheel 24 results in a pivoting of: 360 ° / 140 × 14/12 = 3 ° at the phase shaft 4.

A complete rotation of the shaft 4, thus corresponding to a lunar month, is performed 360/3 = 120 times the duration between two jumps on the cam 16: 120 x 21262,0 = 2551440 seconds, or 29,5305833 Earth days .

The accuracy depends of course on the precision of the wolf tooth of the toothing 14.

This value is a very good approximation of the lunar month. Indeed, the duration of the lunar month is highly variable, from one month to the next in a year, and according to the year, with values commonly varying from one or two hours per month over consecutive months, and which can vary up to at six hours a month. The usual and arbitrary value of the lunar synodic month of 29,530,589 days is an average, which is tainted with a rather strong range of uncertainty, of the order of 1%. As a result, the value established according to the invention is excellent.

Preferably, the mechanism of this star is of mysterious type, and for this purpose the first phase shaft 4 is sapphire, or in a material of similar characteristics. Such a sapphire tree with a diameter of 1 mm, conjugated to a star sphere 5 made of titanium or in an alloy of lower or equal density, with a diameter of 5 mm, easily withstands accelerations of 5000 g.

The star sphere 5, here a moon in this application, carries different visualizations 5A, 5B, on its two hemispheres.

As shown in figure 6 , the first day tree 6 pivots about its axis D6, and carries in its pivoting the shaft 4 carrying the star sphere 5. This shaft 4 thus makes a rotary movement about the axis D6, during which the star sphere 5 pivots around the axis D4. The trajectory of the sphere 5 is carried out partially behind a darkened screen 8, smoked glass or the like, defining a horizon line 9 at the pivot axis D6 of the first day tree 6. The passage of the first mobile Behind the shaded part of screen 8 simulates the position of the star behind the Earth, invisible to the user at the moment considered, but while leaving the state of the phase of this body visible to the user , which explains that the screen 8 is darkened and not opaque.

The figure 7 illustrates a second variant of the invention, which includes the same day wheel 20 as in the first variant. The phase gear 10 is simplified, the teeth of female wolf 14 is removed. The disengagement means of the phase gear 10 are the same as in the first variant, against the snail 15 is pivotally secured to the intermediate wheel 13.

The input pinion 11 is always engaged with the roadway of the movement, or with an intermediate wheel giving it a pivot in one direction. hour. The pinion 11 of 12 teeth meshes with a return wheel 12 of 72 teeth. This deflection wheel 12 is rotatably coupled with a 64-tooth phase wheel 12A, which drives the intermediate wheel 13 with 63 teeth.

The snail 15 pivots coaxially with the intermediate wheel 13 about the axis D1, its periphery 15A constitutes a cam 16 similar to the first variant of the Figures 1 to 6 .

When, once per turn of the intermediate wheel 13, the roller 18 passes from the high point of the snail 16 to the low point, crossing the spout 16B and the slope 16A, it controls the pivoting of the rocker 19, and the action of the ratchet 19C on the wagon wheel wheel 24 of the day train 20.

This second variant is more economical to produce than the first variant, because of the smaller number of components and the simplified assembly. The combination of teeth, however, results in an error of only 57 seconds per lunar month, which is lower than the known mechanisms.

The invention lends itself well to the visualization of the state of different bodies, especially in combination with each other. According to the invention, the first day tree 6 is embedded on a day mobile 41 which performs a circular or elliptical trajectory around a central axis D0. Obtaining an elliptical trajectory can be obtained by a sliding assembly of the mobile 41 on a shaft, with a spring return or the like against an elliptical cam. The day mobile 41 can also cooperate, by an external toothing 43 to which it is associated, and which is advantageously made transparent sapphire or the like, and which rolls inside an internal toothing 44 circular or elliptical according to the trajectory which one wishes to display, as visible on the figure 10 .

In a complication of the preceding variant, the day mobile 41 carries at least a second sphere 50 for simulating a second star whose angular position is adjustable by manual adjustment means 45 or by a spindle adjustment wheel GMT 46 that involves the movement 100.

For example, the figure 10 illustrates the relative motion of the moon and the Earth, and the annual orbit of the Earth in a simplified circular form around the axis D0.

In a particular variant, the second sphere 50 of the second star, here the Earth, while the sphere 5 illustrates the moon, is surrounded by a third sphere 51 of which one hemisphere is transparent, and which carries, driven by a mobile 47 of training day / night, a revolution whose period has the duration of a day of the second star. While the day mobile 41, driven directly or indirectly pivotally by the gear 2, performs an eccentric revolution whose period is sub-multiple or multiple of the day of the second star, or whose period has a duration of one year. second star.

Preferably, the mechanism 1 according to the invention displays the day and the lunar phase of the first star which is the moon.

In a variant, the second star is the Earth, and the mechanism 1 displays, on the one hand, the day-night progression in a meridian of the Earth, and, on the other hand, the local time of the meridian or the position annual Earth in its orbit around the sun.

In a particular variant of the invention, the sphere 5 representative of the first star is enclosed in a transparent spherical dome 51 on one hemisphere and darkened on the other, thus constituting a globe with a day portion and a night portion. This globe is rotated. The position of the star in the globe can be regulated, either by a GMT mechanism according to the figure 13 or manually, by a control rod 45, on which the return for the GMT drive is mounted frictionally. The Figures 11 to 13 represent an advantageous type of mounting, in which a mobile representative of a star 5 or 50 is pivotally mounted in a cylindrical sleeve 70 of axis A, capable of being rotated about this axis. This sleeve 70 may be in two parts to facilitate assembly. In the same way, the representative spherical portion of the star 5 or 50 is shown enclosed in a hollow globe in two parts, two hemispheres of which can be differentiated in day / night in a plane parallel to the axis A or perpendicular to this axis. axis A.

The invention thus lends itself equally well to the representation of the Earth, the moon, or any celestial body periodic orbit.

In a particular variant of representation of the Earth, so as to display, for a user of any area of the world, a representation of the Earth on which is visible his own country, the mechanism 1 comprises means for adjusting the sphere 50 of the Earth, either by a rod 45, or by a GMT mechanism 46 when the timepiece has one, which has the advantage of leaving unchanged the main display, while displaying the day-night progress on the GMT time zone of interest to the user.

The invention allows the realization of a cosmographic watch, or astronomical, or Earth-moon.

For example, in a second GMT zone, centered on Bolivia in the example of the figure 10 , a moving earth-moon crew travels the big circle in 12 or 24 hours, and gives, by its angular position, the local time: here 2am in Bolivia, which is still in the darkest sector corresponding to the night .

As explained above, in the mobile Earth-moon crew, the moon turns around the Earth in a lunar month, while displaying its phases.

In a particular variant, the axis of the poles of the Earth remains parallel to the axis 12h-6h, as well as the axis of the poles of the moon.

In a complicated version, a circular representation of the Earth orbit is substituted for an elliptical trajectory. In both cases, the display can advantageously incorporate, in different variants, display signals specific to equinoxes and solstices, and / or zodiacal signs, and / or the associated luck factors for Asian countries.

Yet another variant is the display of tidal coefficients according to GMT time zone.

The invention also relates to a movement 100 comprising drive means for driving at least one such display mechanism 1. Advantageously, this movement 100 involves certain functions of this display mechanism, such as a drive mechanism. day / night 47 or / and a GMT mechanism 46, or similar, for driving at least one mobile 5, 50, representative of a star or / and a globe 51 semi-transparent covering such a mobile 5 , 50.

The invention also relates to an astronomical timepiece, in particular an astronomical watch, comprising at least one such movement 100 and / or at least one such mechanism 1.

Claims (17)

1. Mechanism (1) for displaying the day and phase of at least a first celestial body, said mechanism comprising a central axis (D0), said mechanism further comprising a gear train (2) for a constant frequency gear drive on an output (10) of a timepiece movement (100), said mechanism (1) including a means (3) for the three-dimensional display of the day and phase of said first celestial body represented by a first mobile component (5), which is driven by said gear train (2), wherein said means (3) for the three-dimensional display comprises a first phase arbour (4), driven directly or indirectly by pivoting by said gear train (2), said first phase arbour (4) being the carrier of a first mobile component (5) for simulating said first celestial body and carrying out a rotation whose period is the duration of one month of said first celestial body, and a first day arbour (6), directly or indirectly pivotally driven by gear train 2, about which said first day arbour (6), said first mobile component (5) carries out an orbit whose period is the duration of one day of said first celestial body, characterised in that said first day arbour (6) is mounted on a day mobile component (41) which makes a circular or elliptical trajectory about said central axis (D0).
2. Mechanism (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that said day mobile component (41) carries at least one second mobile component (50) for simulating a second celestial body, said second mobile component (50) taking the form of a second sphere (50) whose angular position can be adjusted by manual adjustment means (43) or by a GMT time zone adjustment train (44) of said movement (100), said second sphere (50) is surrounded by a third sphere (51) having one transparent hemisphere, and which is arranged to carry out a revolution of which the period is the duration of one day of said second celestial body, while the day mobile component (41), directly or indirectly pivotally driven by said gear train (2), makes an eccentric revolution whose period is a sub-multiple or multiple of the second celestial body day, or whose period is the duration of one year of said second celestial body.
3. Mechanism (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second celestial body is the Earth, and in that said mechanism (1) displays, on one hand, the day/night progression in one meridian of the Earth, and on the other hand, the local time of the meridian or the annual position of the Earth on its orbit around the sun.
4. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said gear train (2) comprises a phase train (10) and a day train (20), each in mesh on an output of the same said movement (100), and in that said phase train (10), and/or the day train (20), includes at least one uncoupling means between the input and output thereof.
5. Mechanism (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that said phase train (10), and the day train (20) each include at least one uncoupling means between the input and output thereof.
6. Mechanism (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the uncoupling means of said day train (20) includes a jumper spring (25) arranged between, on the one hand, a day wheel (23) kinematically connected to the input train from said movement (100), and on the other hand, a wheel with male wolf teeth (24), arranged to be driven by said phase train (10) and to pivotally drive said first mobile component (5).
7. Mechanism (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the uncoupling means of said phase train (10) comprise, on the one hand, a cam (16) disposed on the periphery (15A) of a snail (15) arranged to be driven by an intermediate wheel (13) which is kinematically connected to the input train from said movement (100), and on the other hand, the first arm (19A) of a lever (19), said first arm (19A) is returned by an elastic return means towards said cam (16), and the jump thereof on a slope (16A) of said cam (16) causes the rotation of said lever (19) and the movement of a second arm (19B) which is comprised therein, and which carries a click (19C), arranged to cooperate with said day train (20) and move said train forward one position at the time of said jump.
8. Mechanism (1) according to the claim 7, characterized in that said snail (15) is not permanently driven by said intermediate wheel (13), which carries a toothing (14) with female wolf teeth; said snail (15) carries a click (17) arranged to make the snail pivot integrally with said intermediate wheel (13), and the jump of said first arm (19A) of said lever (19) on said slope (16A) of said cam (16) releases said click (17) from said female wolf toothing (14) prior to the re-engagement thereof in position in the next tooth.
9. Mechanism (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that said snail (15) pivots integrally with said intermediate wheel (13).
10. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first day arbour (6) is directly or indirectly pivotally driven by a part of said gear train (2) which is synchronous with said first phase arbour (4) which is directly or indirectly pivotally driven by a first part (21) of said gear train (2).
11. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first phase arbour (4) is carried by said first day arbour (6), or by a phase mobile component (7) driven by said first day arbour (6).
12. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trajectory of said first mobile component (5) partially occurs behind a screen (8) defining a horizon (9) on the pivot axis (D6) of said first day arbour (6).
13. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism displays the day and lunar phase of said first celestial body which is the Moon.
14. Mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first phase arbour (4) is transparent or made of sapphire.
15. Movement (100) comprising a drive means for driving at least one said display mechanism (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
16. Movement (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said movement includes a day/night drive mechanism (47) and/or a GMT mechanism (46), for driving at least one mobile component (5; 50) representing a celestial body and/or for driving a globe (51) with a transparent half covering one said mobile component (5; 50).
17. Astronomical watch comprising at least one said movement (100) according to claim 15 or 16 and/or at least one said mechanism (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14.

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