RU2747911C1 - Time device with mechanism for indicating proximity of mars during period of perihelic opposition of mars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watchmaking.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more specifically to watch movements of a complicated type with additional display functions on the clock of the time of the closest approach of Mars during the period of the great opposition of Mars. A time device for indicating the period of time at the moment of closest approach to Mars during the period of perihelic opposition between Mars and Earth (PPO) contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, and the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PPO. In this case, in the method of indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PPO, a time device is used containing a mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PPO, which is configured to indicate the period of closest approach of Mars in a time period approximately equal to 5767, 55 days.EFFECT: creation of a time device that provides an indication of the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars during the period of perihelic opposition between Mars and Earth.9 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more specifically to watch mechanisms of a complicated type with additional display functions on the clock of the time of the closest approach of Mars during the period of the great opposition of Mars.

State of the art.

It is known that a manned flight to Mars is a planned manned flight to Mars with the help of a manned spacecraft. Roscosmos, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have declared a flight to Mars as their goal in the 21st century.

It is also known that the most convenient time for a flight to Mars is the so-called time of Mars opposition.

The great oppositions of Mars, in turn, are the epochs of the closest approach of the Earth and Mars. Great confrontations occur regularly, with an interval of 15 or 17 years.

It is known that the Earth and Mars are space neighbors, the orbit of Mars is located behind the orbit of the Earth. The orbit of the Earth takes place in a year, and Mars - in almost two Earth years (more precisely, in 686, 94 Earth days). Therefore, the Earth, moving in an orbit of a smaller radius, at first overtakes the sluggish Mars, but soon, having overtaken it by a circle, again finds itself in the role of catching up. So these two planets have been moving for several billion years, regularly approaching and again moving away from each other.

The author considered in detail the mechanisms that allow displaying the periods of confrontation on the clock. For example, patent document RU2685766, published on April 23, 2019, is known, which discloses a time device for indicating the Mars opposition cycle, which contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, while the clock mechanism additionally contains a Mars opposition cycle indicator (CPM), consisting of, at least from the MSC pointer and the MSC scale. The technical result of the known solution is the creation of a time device with an indicator that visually shows the position of the current earth date relative to the opposition cycle and the opposition period between Mars and Earth, which can be used both on Earth and on Mars.

Thus, in said patent, only a time period of 780 days is disclosed and taken into account. It is known that the convergence of Earth and Mars occurs approximately every two years; more precisely - on average after 780 days. And it is these events that are called "oppositions", since Mars at this time is located in the firmament at a point diametrically opposite to the Sun, that is, from the point of view of an earthly observer, it opposes the Sun. Undoubtedly, this solution is pioneering and allows for the indication of confrontations. However, by means of this device it is not possible to carry out an indication of the closest position of Mars to the Earth during the period of the so-called "Great Oppositions", which occur once every 15-17 years.

Also, the author registered patent RU 2681297, published on 03/05/2019, which discloses a time device for indicating the cycle of opposition between Mars and Earth, which contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, while the clock mechanism additionally contains a multifunctional mechanism for indicating the cycles of rotation of the Earth and Mars, made with the ability to display the cycles of confrontations and great confrontations. The technical result of this invention was the creation of a time device that provides simultaneous indication of the cycle of oppositions and the cycle of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth, indication of the earth date, indication of the Martian date, displays the position of the planets Mars and the Earth relative to each other, which makes it possible to comparatively estimate the distance between the planets. Also, the claimed invention provides the possibility of using a time device both on Earth and on Mars.

In this patent, the author discloses a watch device that provides an indication of periods of great oppositions. However, in the process of in-depth study of the question asked regarding the indication of the periods of great oppositions of Mars, it turned out that with each opposition, the planet Earth and the planet Mars meet in different places of their orbits, approaching each other at different distances. It turned out that the difference in distances in different periods of confrontation reaches 40-44 million kilometers (see, for example, https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/astronomiya/VELIKIE_PROTIVOSTOYANIYA_MARSA.html).

This conclusion is due to the fact that the orbits of the planets Mars and Earth are slightly inclined to each other and elliptical. According to the laws of geometry, if the orbits of the Earth and Mars were completely round and lie in the same plane, then all oppositions of these planets would be the same. Considering the ellipticity of the orbits and the fact that the Earth's orbit only slightly differs from the circle, while the orbit of Mars is elongated quite noticeably, as well as the time between oppositions, which is slightly more than two years, we get that the Earth during this time makes a little more than two revolutions in orbit, and Mars is slightly more than one revolution. Consequently, with each opposition, these planets meet in different places of their orbits, approaching each other at different distances. If the opposition occurs during our winter, from January to March, then the distance from Earth to Mars is quite large, about 100 million km. But if the Earth approaches Mars at the end of summer, when Mars passes the perihelion of its orbit, then its distance from us is reduced to only 56-60 million km.

Thus, in combination, for example, with the opposition indicator or the starting window indicator, this helps both to choose the most optimal time for a period of 15-17 years for flights to Mars and back, and allows you to find the optimal time for astronomical observations of Mars.

Thus, we can conclude that the great oppositions of Mars and Earth are of great importance for the study of Mars, and with the promising development of cosmonautics, the "window" of flight to Mars and from Mars back is possible only during the closest location of these planets.

According to the stated in the claimed invention, it is proposed to create an indicator that allows in real time, with the correct preliminary installation of the indicator, with a given accuracy to visually display the time of the closest approach of Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth.

Task and technical result

The task and the technical result of the invention is the creation of a time device that provides an indication of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the time device for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars during the great oppositions between Mars and Earth (PVP) contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial and additionally contains a period indication mechanism time at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PVP.

In this case, the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars in VFR contains a VFR indicator scale, a VFR indicator.

Also, the clock mechanism contains elements of a pointer mechanism, for example, a minute tribe, an hour wheel, a day wheel, a bill tribe, a bill wheel.

Moreover, the clock wheel interacts with the daily wheel.

In this case, the clockwork additionally contains a gearbox that ensures the movement of the PVP indicator by one revolution in approximately 5767.55 days, which also corresponds to the value of 15.8 tropical years.

Time devices can be instrumental, interior, portable and wrist.

In this case, the time device can contain an additional indicator of oppositions and / or an indicator of the starting window of flight to Mars, while the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in VFR can be used with the indicator of oppositions and / or indicator of the starting window of flight to Mars together.

In addition, the movable elements of the mechanism for indicating the period of time at the moment of the closest approach to Mars in PVP move in one direction smoothly around their axis or abruptly.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of indicating the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars in VFR, in which the time device contains a mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars in VFR, which is made with the ability to indicate the period of closest approach of Mars in a time period approximately equal to 5767.55 days.

Brief Description of Drawings

Structurally, in the preferred, but not the only mandatory, version of the claimed time device with an indicator of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and Earth, the following details:

1. Housing

2. Dial

3. Hour hand

4. Minute hand

5. Indicator of the period of great confrontation (PVP)

6. Scale of the PVP indicator

7. Pointer PVP

8. Minute trib

9. Bill wheel

10. Bill tribe

11. Clock wheel

12. Daily wheel

13. The first trib of the reducer

14. The first gear wheel

15. Second reducer tribe

16. Second gear wheel

17. The third tribe of the reducer

18. Third gear wheel

19. Fourth reducer tribe

20. Fourth gear wheel

Table 1 shows the dates of the oppositions of Mars in the period from 1608 to 2097.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the great confrontations.

FIG. 2 shows a clock with indication of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth according to the invention.

FIG. 3 shows the indicator of the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars during the great oppositions of Mars and Earth according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the indicator of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth according to the invention. Optionally, the indicator can be made in the form of a pointer and a scale on which a colored ring with a changed thickness is located. The pointer moves in a circle, and over a greater or lesser thickness of the ring, you can visually determine the minimum (in the thin part) and maximum (in the thick part) distance between the Earth and Mars in the event of opposition. In the area where the thinnest part of the ring is located, the great opposition will be defined.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the claimed mechanism.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the VFR indicating mechanism according to the invention.

Implementation of the invention

As noted above, the applicant has developed a device and method that allows the manufacture of time devices made with the ability to indicate the great oppositions of the Earth and Mars, namely, with the possibility of indicating the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of the great oppositions of Mars and Earth. At the same time, on Earth, these clocks can be either mechanical or quartz. At the same time, any standard manufactured watch movement can be taken as the basis for such watches. That is, the basic clockwork and the hand system can be practically any of the known and used in watchmaking when performing their usual functions for watches. In addition, the clock mechanism can be made for both 12-hour indication and 24-hour indication.

As noted above and as follows from Table 1, due to the small ellipticity of the Earth's orbit, its aphelion falls on July 3. At the same time, due to the precession, the uneven speed of the planets, the range of great oppositions is possible from July 11 to October 2.

In order to calculate the time of the closest approach of Mars and the Earth during the period of great oppositions, an accurate calculation of the periods of great oppositions was made.

The average period of great confrontations is equal to the number of passes of the coincidence point of both planets through an arbitrary point of the trajectory chosen for control. For example, the point of closest approach. The coincidence point conventionally rotates with an average angular velocity equal to the average angle between adjacent coincidences (oppositions), divided by the period of opposition. Since both parameters are known, the average period of great oppositions is equal to the period of opposition divided by the angular velocity.

The angular velocity of the Earth is 1 / 365.2421897 rpm

The angular velocity of Mars is 1 / 686.98 rpm

The ratio of the speeds of the Earth and Mars: 365.2421897 / 686.98 = 1.88088895.

The angular velocity of Earth overtaking Mars is calculated as:

(1 / 365.2421897) - (1 / 686.98) = 0.00128226288 rpm

Hence the synodic period of Mars (the period of opposition) 1 / 0.00128226288 = 779.87128478 Earth days.

Thus, for 1 synodic period (779.87128478 days) the Earth passes the angle 779.87128478 / 365.2421897 = 2.13521687 revolution, or 768.6780732 °. Since the process is cyclical, the Earth's advance of Mars is the angle of rotation from the origin, that is, the number of full revolutions must be subtracted from the total angle. Thus, the average angular velocity of oppositions is 0.13521687 - 2 = 0.13521687 revolution for the synodic period of Mars.

Hence, the average period of great confrontations is:

779.87128478 / 0.13521687 = 5767.55906848 days, or in tropical years (solar years) 5767.55906848 / 365.2421897 = 15.7910538 years.

Thus, the initial data for creating the claimed device will be the obtained calculations of the optimal time period at which the closest approach between the planets Mars and Earth will occur. That is, the value of 5767.55 days (15.8 tropical years) is the cycle that must be realized through the declared indication mechanism.

In the present description, the abbreviation PVP is introduced - the period of great oppositions between Earth and Mars - for a more detailed and detailed description of the essence of the claimed invention.

FIG. 3 and 4 show variants of the time period indicator at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and Earth. According to FIG. 3, this can be a standard PVP scale 6, with numbers from 1 to 15.8 stamped on it, indicating the time period (in tropical years) and the PVP indicator 7. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the indicator can be made in the form of a pointer 7 and a scale 6, on which a painted ring with a changed thickness is located. Pointer 7 moves in a circle and over a greater or lesser thickness of the ring, you can visually determine the minimum (in the thin part) and maximum (in the thick part) distance between the Earth and Mars in the event of opposition. In the area where the thinnest part of the ring is located, the great opposition will be determined.

One of the possible embodiments of the device of the time device is described below and is shown in FIG. 6.

As shown in FIG. 6, the minute hand 4 is mounted on the minute tribe 8, the hour hand 3 is mounted on the hub of the hour wheel 11. The pointer (bill) gear is a standard pointer gear, which is a gearbox with a gear ratio of 1 to 12, and includes a minute tribe 8, a bill wheel 9, bill tribe 10 and clock wheel 11.

In this embodiment, the clock wheel makes one revolution in 12 hours. A daily wheel 12 operates with the clock wheel, which has twice as many teeth and makes one revolution per day, that is, in 24 hours. On the axis of the daily wheel 12 coaxially mounted on the first gearbox tribe 13. The reducer consists of the first gearbox tribe 13, the first gearbox wheel 14, the second gearbox tribe 15, the second gearbox wheel 16, the third gearbox tribe 17, the third gearbox wheel 18, the fourth gearbox tribe 19 and the fourth gearbox wheel 20.

To understand the essence of the claimed solution, the applicant proposed the calculation of the teeth of the gear wheels to ensure a gear ratio of 5767.55. It should be understood that the proposed calculation is given as an example and in no way restricts the applicant to make other embodiments of the gearbox with a different number of teeth. The main purpose and task of the gearbox is to provide a gear ratio of 5767.55.

An example of a reducer.

In this version

- the number of teeth of the first gearbox tribe 13 is 6,

- the number of teeth of the first gear wheel 14 is 61,

- the number of teeth of the second gearbox tribe 15 is 6,

- the number of teeth of the second gear wheel 16 is equal to 61,

- the number of teeth of the third tribe 17 of the gearbox is 10,

- the number of teeth of the third gear wheel 18 of the gearbox is 62,

- the number of teeth of the fourth tribe 19 of the gearbox is 10,

- the number of teeth of the fourth gear wheel 20 is 90.

The total gear ratio of the gearbox is 61/6 × 61/6 × 62/10 × 90/10 = 5767.55.

This means that with one revolution of the daily wheel 12, the fourth gear wheel 20, on which the PVP indicator 7 is mounted, will make 1 / 5767.55 of a full revolution.

The indicated mechanism for indicating the period of time at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth can be used in any time devices, for example, instrument or interior ones, as well as, mainly, in portable and wrist watches.

In this case, the indicator itself can be made in the form of a movable indicator and a fixed scale. At the same time, it is obvious that the indicated indicator can also be made in the form of a movable scale, which moves relative to the stationary indicator (s).

Also, the indication can be made in the form of a movable disk with an aperture.

The indicator may have marks or signs printed on the scale.

A separate color or any other highlight can be used to mark the time period (date, month) of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars.

Since the author has developed several time devices that are made with the ability to indicate confrontations (see the above patents RU 2685766 and RU 2681297), and also proposed a clock with an indication of the launch window for a flight to Mars (SOPM) (see application RU 2020133053), it is obvious that that the time device may contain an additional indicator of oppositions and / or an indicator of the starting window of flight to Mars, while the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and Earth can be used with the indicator of oppositions and / or indicator of the starting window of flight on Mars is shared, which will increase the information content of the watch.

On the scale, serial numbers of dates or serial numbers of months can be marked, both alternating one after another, and applied at a given interval.

The declared indicator can be made in such a way that the movable element of the indicator, the scale or the pointer moves in one direction smoothly around its axis or abruptly.

Thus, by means of the gear mechanism without additional complication of the clock mechanism, a high accuracy of indication of the time period of the moment of the closest approach of the Earth to Mars during the period of great oppositions of Mars and the Earth will be provided.

Thus, the achievement of the required technical result is ensured, namely the creation of a time device that provides an indication of the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and Earth.

Considering the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proved in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of the Invention", proved in the section "Implementation and Industrial Implementation of the Invention", the technical feasibility and industrial applicability inventions, the solution of the inventive problems and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the patentability requirements for inventions.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented in an industrial way.

Claims (9)

1. A time device for indicating the period of time at the moment of the closest approach to Mars during the period of great oppositions between Mars and the Earth (PVP), containing a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PVP. 2. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in PVP contains a PVP indicator scale, a PVP indicator. 3. A time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock mechanism contains elements of a pointer mechanism, for example, a minute tribe, an hour wheel, a day wheel, a bill tribe, a bill wheel. 4. A time device according to claim 3, characterized in that the hour wheel interacts with the day wheel. 5. Time device according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the watch mechanism additionally contains a gearbox, which ensures the movement of the PVP pointer by one revolution in approximately 5767.55 days, which also corresponds to the value of 15.8 tropical years. 6. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the time devices can be instrumental, interior, portable and wrist. 7. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the time device may contain an additional opposition indicator and / or an indicator of the starting window of a flight to Mars, while the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in VFR can be used with an opposition indicator and / or an indicator of the launch window for a flight to Mars together. 8. The time device according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable elements of the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of the closest approach to Mars in PVP move in one direction smoothly around its axis or abruptly. 9. A method for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in VFR, in which in the time device according to claim 1, the mechanism for indicating the time period at the moment of closest approach to Mars in VFR is configured to indicate the period of closest approach of Mars in a time period approximately equal to 5767.55 days.

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