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EP2718917B1 - Détecteur de fumées et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumées et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2718917B1
EP2718917B1 EP12718918.1A EP12718918A EP2718917B1 EP 2718917 B1 EP2718917 B1 EP 2718917B1 EP 12718918 A EP12718918 A EP 12718918A EP 2718917 B1 EP2718917 B1 EP 2718917B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
frequency
time
measurement
receiver unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12718918.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2718917A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Röpke
Gerhard Niederfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ista International GmbH
Job Lizenz GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ista International GmbH
Job Lizenz GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Ista International GmbH, Job Lizenz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Ista International GmbH
Publication of EP2718917A1 publication Critical patent/EP2718917A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2718917B1 publication Critical patent/EP2718917B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a smoke detector with at least one light emitting unit and at least one light receiver unit, wherein the light receiver unit receives from the light emitting unit and emitted in at least one light measuring section scattered / reflected light, wherein the light measuring path at least partially outside of the components of the Smoke alarm receiver receiving housing is arranged.
  • the invention further relates to a smoke detector with at least one light emitting unit and at least one light receiver unit, wherein the light receiver unit is adapted to receive from the light emitting unit and emitted in at least one light measuring section scattered / reflected light, wherein the at least one light measuring path at least partially outside a the components of the smoke detector receiving housing is arranged.
  • Smoke alarms of this type and methods for operating such smoke detectors are basically known in the art, for example from the publication EP 1 191 496 A1 ,
  • the cited publication discloses a method or a smoke detector in which the temporal profile of the received signal of the light receiver is analyzed by means of a processor in order to conclude on the basis of the time course whether smoke or another foreign body is present in the scattering point ,
  • the publication also mentions the possibility of additionally using an ultrasonic sensor in such a smoke detector in order to be able to monitor an area around the scattering point in addition to the previously mentioned monitoring of the scattering point.
  • this object is achieved by a method of the aforementioned generic type in which an intensity-modulated light is emitted into the light measuring path in at least one measuring step, preferably in repetitive measuring steps from a transmission start time with the light-emitting unit, wherein the frequency of the intensity modulation with the Time after a predetermined modulation function changes and the light receiver unit is tuned to a frequency to be received intensity modulation of light received from the light path so that the tuned receiving frequency changes with an adjustable reception time with the same modulation function and recorded during the frequency tuning a receiver output signal or is formed.
  • the object is also achieved by a smoke detector of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the light-emitting unit is set up to emit an intensity-modulated light in a measuring step, preferably several measuring steps, starting from a transmission start time whose modulation frequency changes with time after a predetermined modulation function and the light receiver unit can be tuned to a frequency of an intensity modulation of light received from the light measuring path in such a way that the tuned reception frequency changes with the same modulation function after an adjustable reception time.
  • the light receiver unit used is not sensitive to any light signal received from the light measuring path, but is only susceptible to those light signals whose intensity modulation frequency coincides with the reception frequency tuned to the light receiver unit at the moment of reception.
  • a light receiver unit of the type according to the invention preferably only generates an output signal which is different from zero if the currently tuned frequency of the light receiver unit corresponds to the intensity modulation frequency of a receiving light signal, but otherwise no output signal of the receiver is generated.
  • a transmission start time is set in the implementation of the method or in the smoke detector according to the invention and is known and the vote of the light receiver unit to a frequency to be received intensity modulation takes place only from an adjustable reception time, by the time period between be determined in advance of the transmission start time and the reception time, how long the transit time of a receivable light signal between the light emitting unit and light receiver unit may be due to the fixed propagation speed of the light and the fixed geometry of the transmitter and receiver, from which spatial distance between the light emitting unit and the light receiver unit a detectable scattered light signal can be detected.
  • the path of the light emitted from the light emitting unit light signal and the path of the scattered by an object / smoke light signal to the light receiver substantially parallel to each other, which can be achieved by the geometric arrangement of light emitting unit and light receiver unit, as well as the emission direction of the transmitting unit , so gives the distance to the light receiver unit, from the one scattered light signal is receivable, in a simple way out of the context: distance speed of light / 2 * (reception time - start time)
  • Scattered light signals from other distance ranges may, if appropriate, impinge on the light receiver unit, but at this time have no matching to the currently tuned reception frequency intensity modulation and are therefore at least substantially not perceived by the light receiver unit.
  • the invention of the type described above has the advantage that not only a single scattering point at a certain distance from the light receiver unit can be monitored with this method or such a functioning smoke alarm, but basically any distance can be monitored. Accordingly, for each measurement step to be carried out, it is also possible to individually determine in advance the distance at which scattered light is to be sampled.
  • future requirements for smoke detectors may also be met, indicating that during operation of a smoke alarm, it must be ensured that a certain prescribed environment around the smoke alarm is not blocked by objects obstructing safe smoke detection.
  • the light receiver unit is tuned so that it not only outputs a non-zero receiver output signal when the frequency of the intensity modulation of the receiving light exactly matches the currently tuned frequency of the light receiver unit, but already even if the frequency of the intensity modulation of the received light within a frequency bandwidth coincides with the frequency tuned to the light receiver unit.
  • the frequency bandwidth of the light receiver unit is adjustable.
  • a sensitivity of the light receiver unit within a certain preferably adjustable frequency bandwidth that a scattered light signal is received not only if it comes from a defined exactly by the time interval between the transmission start time and reception time spatial distance to the light receiver unit, but also if the light scattering in a spatial interval is formed whose length is defined by the frequency bandwidth and whose distance from the light receiver unit is given by the time difference between the reception time and the transmission start time.
  • a smoke detector or a method of the type according to the invention therefore has the further advantage that not only the monitored distance is adjustable, but also by the adjustable frequency bandwidth, a measuring section can be defined, in which a check for scattered light takes place.
  • the invention thus offers the possibility of creating a virtual measuring chamber located outside the smoke alarm device whose length extension in the light propagation direction or backscattering direction to the light receiver unit is defined by the set frequency bandwidth of the receiver and whose distance from the light receiver unit is defined by the time interval between the transmission start time and the reception time.
  • a reception time can be predefined in advance by an electronics of the smoke alarm device, wherein the distance to the housing of the smoke alarm device is defined by the time difference between the reception time and the transmission start time, from which the light to be detected in the measurement step should be scattered / reflected , Furthermore, the frequency bandwidth of the light receiving unit can be set around the distance to be checked as a function of a desired interval interval defined by the bandwidth.
  • a chosen modulation function ensures that the time derivative of the frequency is not equal to zero at any time of the modulation.
  • a modulation function may preferably be continuous.
  • a light signal is preferably emitted by the light-emitting unit only if an intensity modulation according to the selected function also takes place. The modulation takes place over a predetermined modulation time, so that a pulse-like light signal is emitted in the length of the modulation time. For example, at the beginning of the modulation, a light source in the light-emitting unit, e.g. a laser or LED is turned on and off at the end of the modulation time.
  • a particularly significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the light receiver unit always provides an output signal of the same type, namely a zero signal except for noise components if no scattered signal reaches the receiver unit from the measurement interval determined by the time interval (between reception time and transmission start time) and frequency bandwidth but a signal is generated which has a first flank, in particular a rising flank, then a plateau region and a following second flank, in particular a falling flank. If necessary.
  • the height of the plateau region can change, for example, as a function of the intensity of the scattering occurring, which has an effect on the overall intensity of the received light signal.
  • the inventive method or a smoke alarm that makes use of this method thus operates essentially with always the same type of received signal, so that in contrast to the prior art of the type described above, no temporal analysis of the course of the received signal is to perform in order draw conclusions about the events in the scattering point from the received signal.
  • the preselection of the parameters it is possible to distinguish between the emergence of scattered light due to a solid object or smoke metrologically by the preselection of the parameters to be set time interval between the transmission start time and reception time or frequency bandwidth, especially in preselection and implementation of the measurement in several measurement steps.
  • a receiving signal will always be detected if this measuring path interval is shifted spatially relative to the receiver between several measuring steps, for example by varying the distance between the starting time and the receiving time. Assuming an even density distribution of smoke within a predetermined interval, if this interval is checked by measurement, a received signal will always be detected by varying the time interval between the transmission start time and the reception time, possibly with only a slightly different altitude.
  • a smoke alarm device If, on the other hand, there is a solid object in the vicinity of a smoke alarm device according to the invention, it generates light scattering only exactly at a very specific distance from the light receiver, in which there is a surface of this object. In spatial areas before or after this concrete distance range, however, no received signal will be detectable, if by appropriate parameter selection of temporal difference between the transmission start time and the time of reception, these areas located in front of and behind the scattering surface are checked for scattered light.
  • An electronics which is connected downstream of the receiver unit to a smoke detector according to the invention, thus can have a much simpler structure than is the case in the prior art, since any temporal analysis of a signal waveform can be omitted.
  • a microprocessor initially mentioned in the prior art can either be dispensed with altogether or, if available for evaluation of the received signal, requires at least no extensive programming for the purpose of detecting different possible time courses in the received signal.
  • a measurement scenario may be provided which tests in several measurement steps whether or not there is smoke at a specific distance to the receiver unit and in a measuring path interval arranged around this distance.
  • Another scenario may be provided for carrying out, if appropriate, a plurality of measuring steps in order to determine whether a disturbing object is arranged in a certain distance range to be selected for the receiver.
  • a series of measuring steps are carried out to check for smoke, in order to perform the actual function of the smoke alarm, whereby in others, e.g. checking for the presence of objects in the immediate vicinity of the smoke detector at longer intervals.
  • this process successively checks the area around the smoke detector at different distances from the light receiver for scattered light. From the determination of whether a light receiver signal is generated in one or more measuring steps can be concluded whether smoke is present in the predetermined distance (if several measurement steps generated a received signal) or if a solid object is present (if only one or very few measurement steps, a received signal was generated).
  • the different light measuring sections define different measuring directions, so that a predetermined range, e.g. a predetermined angle environment can be checked by a smoke detector.
  • a smoke alarm device of the type according to the invention not only has a light-emitting unit and a light-receiver unit, but rather a plurality of such unit pairings.
  • a specific light measuring path is defined by each such pairing.
  • a multiplicity of possible measuring paths may extend in a star shape, in particular in a plane around a smoke alarm.
  • a light-emitting unit which emits light in at least one plane by 360 degrees, with different light receivers being tested for scattered light from different spatial regions or directions.
  • the transmission start time is determined by a higher-level electronics in the smoke detector, which is then the same for all recipients, with the reception times, from which the modulation of the tuned Receiving frequency is performed at the receiver will be the same or different for all existing light receiver.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of only the arrangement of a light emitting unit 1 and a light receiver unit 6 of a smoke detector according to the invention, which is not shown in the figure with respect to its other components.
  • the light emitting unit 1 emits a light signal 2 which is modulated in intensity
  • the modulation frequency is not constant in time, but obeys a predefined function, here in this embodiment, for example, a linear function that causes in that the light is initially modulated in intensity with a low frequency at the time the transmission starts, and this modulation frequency increases with increasing time.
  • a predefined function here in this embodiment, for example, a linear function that causes in that the light is initially modulated in intensity with a low frequency at the time the transmission starts, and this modulation frequency increases with increasing time.
  • a predefined function here in this embodiment, for example, a linear function that causes in that the light is initially modulated in intensity with a low frequency at the time the transmission starts, and this modulation frequency increases with increasing time.
  • a predefined function here in this embodiment, for example, a linear function that causes in that the light is initially modulated in intensity with a low frequency at the time the transmission starts, and this modulation frequency increases with increasing time.
  • This light signal 2 then initially propagates over a distance R1 in space until it reaches an assumed obstacle 3, where it is scattered.
  • the light scattering is also carried out in the direction of the light receiver 6, on which the scattered light signal 5 then impinges after bridging the distance R2 between the light receiver 6 and the obstacle 3, which has the same modulation as the originally emitted light signal 2.
  • the light receiver unit 6 tunes the light receiver unit 6 with respect to the possible receivable frequency of the intensity modulation of a scattered light signal 5 with the same modulation function, as was the case with the emission of the light signal 2, which means that a scattered light signal 5 is independent of its formation on the obstacle 3 is received only when the modulation of the receivable frequency of the receiving unit 6 is made at a time TE at a time interval to the emission at the time T0 of the light signal 2, which corresponds to the time that the light needs to bridge the aforementioned distances R1 and R2 ,
  • the FIG. 1 shows here an amplitude modulation signal 7, with which the light transmitter 1 is driven, wherein the frequency of this amplitude signal 7 according to the function 8 changes over time.
  • the same function is used here as function 10 to tune the receiving frequency of the receiver 6, for which this receiver is sensitive only in the environment of a frequency bandwidth.
  • Obstacle 3 determines, in which case, when a scattered light signal from the set Distance to the light receiver 6 impinges on the receiver, a signal 11 is generated, as shown in the figure, otherwise not.
  • the plateau height of the received signal 11 may depend on the one hand on the intensity of the scattering by the obstacle 3 and on the degree of overlap between the currently set at the receiver frequency and the frequency of the received scattered light signal within the possible frequency bandwidth.
  • the shape of the received signal is otherwise always the same and has over time no characteristics specific to smoke or other objects.
  • the plateau is maximum in height and decreases with increasing deviation, until that outside the frequency bandwidth no signal at the receiver with the Present signal waveform is present.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a slight modification to FIG. 1 only a situation in which a plurality of articles 14a, 14b and 14c each contribute to a scattering of light emitted here from the light emitter 12.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show that the output signal 11 or 19 always has the same waveform, regardless of the distance at which a scattered light event takes place or by what type of event the scattering takes place, for example by an obstacle 3 or by diffuse smoke.
  • a discrimination between solid objects and smoke preferably takes place by the type of measurement series and the choice of parameters in a measurement series, in particular the individually determined for each measurement step time intervals between the transmission start and the reception time and the frequency bandwidth.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'un détecteur de fumée comportant au moins une unité émettrice de lumière (1) et au moins une unité réceptrice de lumière (6), dans lequel l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) reçoit la lumière (5) émise par l'unité émettrice de lumière (1) et diffusée/réfléchie sur au moins un trajet de mesure de lumière (R1, R2), dans lequel le trajet de mesure de lumière (R1, R2) est disposé au moins partiellement à l'extérieur d'un boîtier dans lequel sont logés les composants du détecteur de fumée, caractérisé en ce que lors d'une étape de mesure, une lumière (2) modulée en intensité est émise par l'unité d'émission de lumière (1) à partir d'un temps de début d'émission (TO), dans lequel la fréquence de la modulation d'intensité varie au cours du temps conformément à une fonction de modulation prédéterminée (8) et un temps de réception (TE) est prédéterminé par un système électronique du détecteur de fumée pour une étape de mesure à effectuer, dans lequel on définit par l'intermédiaire de la différence de temps entre le temps de réception (TE) et le temps de début d'émission (T0) la distance du boîtier du détecteur de fumée à partir de laquelle la lumière (5) à détecter lors de l'étape de mesure doit être diffusée/réfléchie puis l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est accordée à une fréquence devant être reçue d'une modulation d'intensité de la lumière (5) reçue en provenance du trajet de mesure de lumière (R1, R2) de manière à ce que la fréquence de réception accordée à partir du temps de réception réglé (TE) soit modifiée conformément à la même fonction de modulation (10) et à ce qu'un signal de sortie de récepteur (11) soit détecté pendant l'accord en fréquence.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est accordée de manière à ne délivrer un signal de sortie de récepteur (11) différent de zéro que lorsque la fréquence de la modulation d'intensité de la lumière reçue (5) concorde avec la fréquence d'accord dans une largeur de bande de fréquence réglable de l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence est modifiée linéairement au cours du temps avec la fonction de modulation (8, 10).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de bande de fréquence de l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est réglée en fonction d'un intervalle de distance défini par la largeur de bande au voisinage de la distance à tester.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une série d'étapes de mesure est effectué, lors de laquelle le temps de réception (TE) est modifié par rapport au temps de début d'émission (T0) entre deux étapes de mesure, et en ce qu'il est notamment modifié au voisinage d'un temps toujours constant.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une série d'étapes de mesure est effectuée, lors de laquelle le temps de réception (TE) reste inchangé par rapport au temps de début d'émission (T0) entre les étapes de mesure, et en ce que le signal de sortie de récepteur (11) est intégré sur toutes les étapes de mesure.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, au moyen d'une unité réceptrice de lumière (6), la lumière est reçue en provenance d'au moins deux trajets de mesure de lumière différents dans lesquels la lumière provenant d'une même unité émettrice de lumière (1) est émise, dans lequel les différents trajets de mesure de lumière sont notamment associés à différentes directions de mesure.
  8. Détecteur de fumée comportant au moins une unité émettrice de lumière (1) et au moins une unité réceptrice de lumière (6), dans lequel l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est conçue pour recevoir une lumière (5) émise par l'unité émettrice de lumière (1) et diffusée/réfléchie dans au moins un trajet de mesure de lumière (R1, R2), dans lequel le trajet de mesure de lumière (R1, R2) est situé au moins partiellement à l'extérieur d'un boîtier dans lequel sont logés les composants du détecteur de fumée, caractérisé en ce que l'unité émettrice de lumière (1) est en outre conçue pour émettre, lors d'une étape de mesure, à partir d'un temps de début d'émission (T0) une lumière (2) modulée en intensité dont la fréquence de modulation varie au cours du temps conformément à une fonction de modulation prédéterminée (8) et en ce qu'un temps de réception (TE) peut être prédéterminé par un système électronique du détecteur de fumée pour une étape de mesure à effectuer, dans lequel on peut définir par l'intermédiaire de la différence de temps entre le temps de réception (TE) et le temps de début d'émission (TO) la distance du boîtier du détecteur de fumée à partir de laquelle la lumière (5) à détecter lors de l'étape de mesure doit être diffusée/réfléchie puis l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est accordée à une fréquence devant être reçue d'une modulation d'intensité de la lumière (5) reçue en provenance du trajet de mesure de lumière de manière à ce que la fréquence de réception accordée à partir du temps de réception réglé (TE) varie conformément à la même fonction de modulation (10).
  9. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6) est accordée de manière à ne délivrer un signal de sortie de récepteur (11) différent de zéro que lorsque la fréquence de la modulation d'intensité de la lumière reçue (5) concorde avec la fréquence d'accord dans une bande de fréquence réglable de l'unité réceptrice de lumière (6).
EP12718918.1A 2011-06-09 2012-04-27 Détecteur de fumées et son procédé de fonctionnement Active EP2718917B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110105183 DE102011105183A1 (de) 2011-06-09 2011-06-09 Rauchwarnmelder und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
PCT/EP2012/001856 WO2012167858A1 (fr) 2011-06-09 2012-04-27 Détecteur de fumées et son procédé de fonctionnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2718917A1 EP2718917A1 (fr) 2014-04-16
EP2718917B1 true EP2718917B1 (fr) 2015-09-30

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EP12718918.1A Active EP2718917B1 (fr) 2011-06-09 2012-04-27 Détecteur de fumées et son procédé de fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP2718917B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011105183A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012167858A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19947023A1 (de) * 1999-09-30 2001-05-10 Siemens Gebaeudesicherheit Gmb Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Detektieren von lichtstreuenden Objekten
DE10046992C1 (de) 2000-09-22 2002-06-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Streulichtrauchmelder
EP1688898A4 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2010-03-03 Hochiki Co Detecteur de fumee mettant en oeuvre un rayonnement de diffusion
DE602007006232D1 (de) * 2006-11-14 2010-06-10 Instro Prec Ltd Detektionssystem für eindringlinge

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WO2012167858A1 (fr) 2012-12-13
DE102011105183A1 (de) 2012-12-13
EP2718917A1 (fr) 2014-04-16

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