EP2664730A1 - Panel for laying in an area as cladding or lining with improved moisture resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The panel (1) comprises a panel main portion (100) having a top surface (6) and a bottom surface (7), and a pair of coupling mechanisms (10,11). The panel main portion is made of a non-swelling material. A groove (31) is formed on an end face (9) of the panel main portion. A spring (21) is provided at an opposite front side (8) of the panel main portion. The spring is introduced into the groove of the similar panel, such that the top surface of the panel main portion lies in a plane. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a method for flat laying of panels; and (2) a manufacturing method of flat laying panel.

Description

The invention relates to a panel for laying flat with similar panels for producing a wall covering, a ceiling covering or a floor covering, a corresponding laying method and a manufacturing method for such a panel.

From the prior art, it is known to join together several similar panels and to produce a wall or ceiling panel or floor covering. In order to facilitate a laying of the individual panels, these usually comprise coupling means on their end faces. The coupling means are preferably each formed on opposite end faces of the panel as a tongue and groove. Here, a groove is formed on one of the opposite end faces and on the opposite side a spring. These are designed so that the spring of a panel can be inserted into the groove of another panel during installation. Perpendicular to the plane in which the panel or pad is created, a positive connection is made via the coupling means. Coupling agents of this type are known both for solid wood planks, parquet rods, Fertigparkettpaneele or laminate panels.

At least for a floating installation, in which the panels are not fixed to the substrate, the panels were previously additionally bonded together via adhesive or glue, which is applied in the region of the coupling agent. In the past, however, systems have also been developed in which the panels are connected to each other substantially via a positive connection by means of the coupling means and / or locking or blocking means formed thereon.

Some systems use a bias that is present in a laminate floor due to the manufacturing process. An example of this is in the EP 2 275 622 A2 described. This describes a floor covering, which consists of hard floor panels which are provided at least at the edges of two opposite sides with coupling means which interact with each other and are formed substantially in the form of a groove and a spring. The coupling means are provided with integrated mechanical locking means, a divergence of two with each other coupled panels in a direction perpendicular to the interconnected edges and parallel to an underside of the interconnected floor panels prevented.

In addition, systems are known from the prior art, in which plastic springs are used. An example of this is in the EP 1 650 375 A1 , which shows floor panels equipped with a mechanical locking system having a flexible tongue in a displacement groove of a panel, which is pressed into the displacement groove in a vertical movement of another panel and then springs into a groove of the other panel.

Another system is in the WO 2007/079845 A1 shown. A lock member for a rectangular plate-shaped panel mounting system has an insertion portion for insertion into a lock groove formed along a longitudinal direction on an end face of a first panel. In addition, the locking member has a locking portion which is provided for engagement with a Einrastausnehmung an undercut arrangement, which is formed in an opposite end side of a second panel in the laid state and extending along the longitudinal direction of the second end face, opposite to the locking groove. The locking portion has an elastic latching tongue or spring, which automatically springs into the latching recess in a latching position during the joining of the two panels. About anchoring means formed on the insertion portion of the locking element of the insertion is anchored in the locking groove. The panel can also be equipped with retaining profiles and an additional latching locking element.

The systems described have great advantages in the laying of panels, for example as a floor covering. Compared with the connection with glue, the glue-free installation in a much shorter time and much easier possible. The locking systems described can be used both on the longitudinal end faces and on the transverse end sides of rectangular-shaped panels, in particular floor panels.

Such locking systems are used today not only in laminate panels, but also in parquet flooring and other floor coverings. The main task and the main advantage of the systems described are to connect adjacent panels together, with a transition from the individual panels should be visible as little as possible. If possible, a flat surface is therefore sought, in which no gaps occur between the individual panels and thus no joints are formed.

From the WO 2005/124052 A1 is known a panel that is suitable for a wall or ceiling paneling. The panel has coupling means which are designed so that the panel can be connected to another panel in several different positions. For this purpose, locking means are formed on the coupling means, which engage in each other in different positions.

From the EP 2 189 589 A1 a wooden panel arrangement is known which comprises at least two juxtaposed, interconnected panels, in particular wall, ceiling or floor panels, the panels having a particular designed as a visible surface top and a top side opposite bottom and the top and bottom connecting end faces , wherein a first panel is provided on at least one of its end faces with a groove and a second panel on at least one of its end faces with a spring, wherein on the groove a latching means and the spring is provided a latching element, and in the installed position of the panel assembly, the two Optionally panels may assume a plurality of relative positions to each other, wherein at least in one of the relative positions, the latching means and the latching element cooperating latching in such a manner that the spring is at least partially in the groove.

The WO 2007/115747 A1 describes a clamp for fastening panel elements to a substrate, wherein the panel elements at a longitudinal and / or transverse edge a the edge in question in an upper and a lower edge portion dividing spring having an upper tongue edge and a lower tongue edge, and at the opposite longitudinal and / or transverse edge having a corresponding with the spring, the respective edge in an upper and a lower edge portion dividing groove having an upper groove flank and a lower groove flank, wherein the clip a base plate to be fastened to the base, on which a web is provided with an end, substantially parallel to the base plate angled, wherein in the assembled state of two adjacent panel elements of the web at least approximately abuts the lower edge portion of a panel element and the bend between the to limit the insertion depth of the spring of the panel element into the groove of the adjacent panel element, the length of the bend is greater than the length of the lower groove flank of the lower edge section, so that the groove base in the inserted state abuts the front end at the free end of the bend. There are described embodiments of panels having in the interior of the groove between at a bottom of the upper groove flank a plurality of recesses for receiving a projection on the top of the spring.

In contrast to the glue compounds originally used, which have protected the interstices between the panels or the abutting surfaces of the front sides against moisture and water penetration in laminate flooring, the panels are made of organic materials and laid with one of the described connection systems are very susceptible to the ingress of moisture and water. According to the prior art, panels are produced from support plates made of organic material, in particular based on wood-based materials, for example HDF (high-density fiberboard) panels. Such panels are at risk of water penetration at the transition areas between the panels, as they swell under the action of water, thus causing damage to the floor covering. At high ambient humidity or direct contact with water at unsealed areas of the panel, for example in the connection area, the panels swell and expand. When drying and extremely low relative humidity, the panels shrink. As a result of the change in humidity, alternating stresses occur in the laying plane. These may, for example, lead to undesirable and generally very irregular joints and height differences between the panels. As a rule, a groove and a spring swell differently. This is the cause for the mentioned height differences. When walking there is an increased risk of tripping due to such height differences. On the edges, it may come to the outbreaks eruptions. In extreme cases, the panels due to the Even tearing up sources of tensions. Therefore, the known panels, which are intended for a glueless laying, a high susceptibility to ingress of moisture and water.

This problem is compounded by the desire to decorative enhance the panels by chamfering or the introduction of piping. By targeted deformations or milled grooves in the profile area, other decorative effects can be achieved. In general, there is thus the problem that the chamfers and milled cutouts considerably increase susceptibility to moisture and water. Furthermore, in the known systems, the milling depths for decorative elements are limited by the fact that the remaining material thicknesses in the region of the coupling elements, which are constantly subjected to a voltage by the locking mechanisms and systems, must not fall below a sufficient minimum strength, so that the panels caused by the bias stresses to be able to withstand the long term.

The invention has for its object to provide improved panels for a wall covering, a ceiling covering or a floor covering, which do not have the disadvantages mentioned above. In addition, a manufacturing process and a suitable installation method are required to produce the panels or to lay them as a surface covering or as a flat cladding.

The object is achieved by a panel with the features of claim 1, a laying method with the features of claim 10 and a manufacturing method having the features of claim 13. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea flat-shaped panels, which are provided on opposite end faces with coupling means in the form of tongue and groove to produce from a carrier material which has no tendency to swell on contact with humidity and / or water. The advantage of using a non-swelling material is that susceptibility to water damage upon penetration at the joints between two panels is significantly reduced or completely eliminated. In particular, a panel for laminar laying is created with similar panels, which a Panel body having an upper side and a lower side and coupling means, which comprise a groove on one end side of the panel body and a spring on an opposite end side, wherein the spring and the groove are formed so that in the groove of the panel, the spring of another similar panel is insertable to connect the panels together, so that the tops of the panel body lie in a plane, it being provided according to the invention that the panel body is made of a non-swelling material. As similar panels are considered that are identical in terms of physical characteristics.

As end faces in each case the sides of a panel are referred to, which are formed between the top and the bottom. It is irrelevant whether these adjoin the long sides of the top and bottom of the panel or on the short sides of the top and bottom of the panel.

A flat floor covering or a wall or ceiling cladding is obtained with a method for the flat laying of similar panels, comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of similar inventive panels; Applying one of the panels to a substrate (eg, a flat floor, a wall surface, or a ceiling surface); Connecting the one panel with another of the similar panels by the tongue and groove of the panels are joined together so that the tops of the similar, interconnected panels lie in one plane. Even with a gapless laying of panels, which have chamfered edges, there is a high resistance to water and moisture. Although in such a laying due to the chamfered edges at the transitions between the panels small recesses arise above a gap between the panels, in which water can collect, for example when wet wiping the floor, such flooring is well protected from damage, as a Accumulation of water and even penetration of water due to capillary forces in such a gap between two panels can not lead to a swelling effect and damage to the floor covering.

A manufacturing method for such panels for laying flat comprises the steps of: providing or producing a support plate of a panel body with a top and a bottom, which are plane-parallel to each other; Milling in Coupling means on the end faces of the panel body, wherein in each case at one of the opposite end faces a groove and the other of the opposite end faces according to a spring is milled, wherein the spring and the groove are formed so that in the groove of the panel, the spring of a similar panel insertable is to connect the panels together so that the tops of the panel body lie in a plane, wherein the support plate is made of a non-swelling material or is provided from a non-swelling material.

The non-swelling material in a preferred embodiment has a thickness swelling of less than 2%, more preferably less than 1%. Such thickness swelling is determined according to the measuring method specified in standard EN 13329: 2006 + A1: 2008 Annex G. To determine thickness swelling, two specimens with dimensions (longitudinal side x transverse side) of (150 ± 1) mm x (50 ± 1) mm are cut out of a panel. In the case of a sample piece A, its longitudinal side is oriented parallel to the longitudinal side of the panel; in the case of a sample piece B, its longitudinal side is oriented parallel to the short side edge of the panel. If the short side edge of the panel is shorter than 150 mm, the side length of the sample B is chosen to be correspondingly shorter.

The specimens are conditioned in a preparatory atmosphere at a temperature of (23 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)% such that their mass does not exceed 0 in successive measurements at a distance of 24 hours , 01% changes.

For thickness measurements, a micrometer measuring device is used with two opposing flat and mutually parallel measuring surfaces with a diameter of at least 5 mm and with an accuracy of ± 0.05 mm.

On each sample piece, three thickness measurements are made perpendicular to the surface at the outer edges. A first measuring point is located at the outer edge in the middle of a transverse side, the other two measuring points are located at the outer edges of the longitudinal sides 25 mm from the transverse side, in the middle of the first measuring point. The thicknesses are referred to as initial thicknesses d _in .

For each of the sample pieces, three thickness measurements are thus carried out in the conditioned state. Subsequently, the sample pieces with the transverse side, at the outer edge of the first measuring point is arranged, immersed in a vessel with water. An immersion depth is 50 mm. The long sides of the specimens are oriented perpendicular to the water surface. The water is kept constant at a temperature of (20 ± 1) ° C. The vessel in which the water is located is dimensioned so large that a water level in the vessel remains constant.

After 24 hours ± 15 minutes, the specimens are removed from the water and dried with a towel. At the same three measuring points thickness measurements are carried out again on each panel, which are referred to as final thicknesses d _fin .

Based on the measured in the conditioned state output thickness _d and the measured after removal from the water final thickness d _fin a percent thickness swelling according to the following formula is calculated for each measurement point: $$\frac{\left({\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{fin}}-{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{in}}\right)\mathrm{x}\mathrm{100}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{in}}}$$

The thickness swelling is expressed as the average of the six individual thickness swelling results in percent (%) with an accuracy of 0.1%.

Particularly suitable materials for the production of the panels are materials such as magnesium oxide or composite materials based on gypsum fiber, cement chip or cement fiber, preferably each in the form of plates have been found. The panels are thus preferably produced from a magnesium oxide carrier plate, a gypsum fiber carrier plate, a cement-chip carrier plate or cement-fiber carrier plate. As support materials also come some wood plastic composites into consideration, which are also referred to as Wood Plastic Composites (WPC). In general, inorganic materials with the mentioned thickness-source properties are suitable. Composites having an organic content of less than 60% may also be suitable provided they have a swelling of less than 2%, more preferably less than 1%.

In order to facilitate the joining of the panels, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the groove is formed between a Nutoberwange and a Nutunterwange, wherein the groove facing side of Nutoberwange is aligned parallel to the top of the panel and an upper surface of the spring is aligned parallel to the top of the panel. As a result, a sliding of the coupling means of the panels during assembly is facilitated.

A facilitation in the alignment of the panels is achieved in that the Nutunterwange over the Nutoberwange has a supernatant and the panel body has at the opposite end of the Nutunterwange bottom of its recess for receiving the Nutunterwange another similar panel when connecting to the similar panel. Mating is significantly facilitated by the fact that the spring of the other similar panel can first be placed on the Nutunterwange the panel and aligned before it is inserted into the groove of the panel.

Another advantage of forming the Nutunterwange with a supernatant is that on the Nutunterwange engaging means can be formed, which are formed together with engagement means, which are formed on a bottom in the recess for receiving the Nutunterwange and optionally additionally on a lower side of the spring in the installed state via a mesh can cause a fixation of the panels transversely to the longitudinal direction of the groove and the spring. An education only in the region of the supernatant and in the region of the recess and optionally additionally on the underside of the spring, can be easily realized in each case via a milling.

In one embodiment, it is therefore provided that on the one hand on the Nutunterwange and on the other hand on an underside of the panel in the region of the recess and optionally in addition to the underside of the spring at least partially mutually complementary engagement means are formed, the relative to the connection of the panel with another similar panel can be brought into engagement in different engagement positions to fix the other similar panel connected to the panel in one of different fixed intervals. The different engagement positions correspond with the different preset distances. The mutually adjacent engagement positions are each spaced by a fixed constant distance from each other. Due to the fact that the panels are made of a non-swelling material, joints may be created between the panels otherwise detrimental penetration of moisture and water in the panels itself is not to be feared. The optionally formed joints have fixed widths and result in the laid surface a uniform joint pattern, if the same position of the predetermined distances is selected as the panel spacing over the engagement position.

With regard to the geometric configuration of the engagement means and the groove and the spring can thus advantageously implement embodiments in which the panel body is formed so that this in the installed state in which it is connected to at least one other similar panel in each of the engagement positions of Engagement is stress-free. This leads to the fact that the stresses of the individual panels are significantly reduced. A susceptibility to damage caused by existing in the panels continuously existing tensions in floor coverings according to the prior art, is thus avoided. In addition, a laying of the panels is much easier, since in the floating installation, the individual panels are each tension-free, so that even with large-area installation each optimal alignment of the panels to each other is possible. The fact that the individual panels do not swell, even when exposed to moisture, means that in the installed state, in contrast to the coatings known from the prior art, no stresses caused by the swelling occur, so that the total forces which occur could lead to a divergence of the laid panels are significantly reduced. Thus, it is possible to produce larger areas without Ausgleichsfugen. When laying wood-based panels according to the prior art, equalization and expansion joints are necessary to absorb and compensate for dimensional changes caused by moisture variations, so as to prevent or at least minimize cracking and / or uneven, unintentional jointing.

There are different ways to design the intervention means. Preferably, the engagement means are formed in the form of at least partially complementary surface reliefs. These are formed on the upper side of the Nutunterwange or on the underside of the panel body in the region of the recess and possibly also on the underside of the spring.

In one embodiment, it is provided that on the upper side of the supernatant of the Nutunterwange a so-called lower cheek relief and on the underside of the panel body in the region of the recess and possibly additionally the spring a recess relief are formed and the lower cheek relief and the relief relief are formed so that when connecting the panel with another similar panel the recess relief and the lower frame relief relative to each other can be brought into different engagement positions, so that the upper edge of the panel from the facing upper edge of the other similar panel at different engagement positions has different distances.

The reliefs are preferably formed without undercut or undercut. They can thus be formed in a simple way in a milling parallel to the direction of the groove on the Nutunterwange. Just as easily, the complementary relief in the region of the recess for receiving the Nutunterwange be milled into the bottom of the panel parallel to the direction of the spring through a milling. The milling can also be done at the same time. By complementary reliefs are meant those which, when joined together, lead to a surface contact between the two relief surfaces. In sections of complementary relief structures, there is a section of a relief structure which comes into contact with the other relief when the reliefs are engaged. It is understood that such engagement positions, in which the reliefs engage in a complementary manner, only exist in certain relative positions of the reliefs, or in other words, in certain relative positions of the panel and the other similar panel to each other. In these particular engagement positions of the reliefs, a flat contact is formed. Such engagement positions can also be referred to as complementary engagement positions. Considering a cross section through the interconnected panels in such a complementary engagement position, there is a profile line in cross-section, which for both the relief and the complementary relief at least in the section in which the reliefs complement each other complementary, the respective surface profiles describes.

At least one relief is or is periodically formed in order to allow optimal engagement in different positions of the at least partially complementary relief. A period of one relief is correlated with the one different predetermined intervals in which the engagement means of the panel and the engagement means of the other similar panel are engageable with each other.

Particular preference is given to embodiments in which the relief and the relief complementary thereto are each formed both periodically. The engagement means, for example the relief, is preferably designed such that in the engagement positions in which the lower cheek relief and the relief relief engage in a complementary manner, i. lie flat against one another in areas, with respect to a movement in the plane in which the surfaces of the panel are aligned, have no play relative to each other.

Engagement means or reliefs which have a sawtooth-shaped structure in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of progression of the groove or tongue have proven particularly suitable.

In one embodiment, it is therefore provided that on the top of the supernatant of Nutunterwange the lower cheek relief and on the underside of the panel body in the region of the recess and optionally in addition to a bottom of the spring a recess relief are formed, the lower cheek relief and the relief relief sawtooth and complementary to each other are formed. In such a structure, it is at least when laying on a floor, that the panels are brought by a load perpendicular to the floor in an optimal complementary engagement position, since the relief has local minima and local maxima, which correspond to local maxima and local minima in the cross-sectional profile of the complementary relief correspond. In the lower cheek profile and / or in the recess profile, there are in each case one or preferably several, preferably tapered, notches in which the projecting sawtooth tips are forced when a vertical force is exerted and "centered" at the notch positions. This ensures that the predetermined distances during installation are achieved exactly and at the same time a good adhesion between the interconnected panels on the complementary engagement of the reliefs is achieved. About a net weight of the panels is achieved that they remain fixed to each other in the plane of the surfaces of the panels when laying on a flat, horizontal or substantially horizontal ground, even if external forces occur tangentially to the laying plane.

Engagement means or reliefs which have a periodic structure having curves in a cross section perpendicular to the direction of progression of the groove or tongue have proved to be particularly suitable. Such profiles are particularly easy to mill in and do not tend to break out, which can occur locally on profiles with "tips" and / or "teeth". Even with a profile which comprises a sinusoidal or cosinusoidal structure, a good centering of the complementary reliefs of the engagement means takes place in the different engagement positions.

A particularly good frictional connection is achieved in an embodiment in which, in at least two of the engagement positions, which lead to different panel distances, profile sections complement each other in a complementary manner, each spanning at least one and a half period lengths.

In order to ensure a large variety of installation options with the same panel, it is desirable that the panels are still connected to each other without joints. Therefore, it is provided in one embodiment that the engagement means are designed so that an engagement position exists in which, taking into account the edge shape of the upper edge of the panel and an edge shape of the associated hereby another similar panel, the upper edges are joined together without spacing. This means that the end face from which the joint protrudes, is in contact with the end face, in which the groove is milled, the projection of the Nutunterwange is disregarded in the determination of the end face. If the top edges are rounded or chamfered, it is understood that nevertheless on the surface of a notch or a joint-like incision is optically visible.

In other engagement positions, in which a joint between the panels is formed, it is advantageous if this is limited by the spring on the bottom. This is achieved in that the spring penetrates in all laying positions at least with a portion in the introduced groove of the adjacent panel.

Due to the fact that the top of the spring is formed parallel to the top of the panel body and due to the fact that the groove facing the inside of the groove upper cheek of the groove is also aligned parallel to the top of the panel body, an existing minimum gap distance between Spring top and the inside of Nutoberwangen the groove each constant and can be kept to a minimum.

In one embodiment, the panels are formed so that they can be connected to each other only in an engaged position. In this embodiment, the panel is designed with respect to the engagement means such that the panel is connected to a similar panel in the engaged position so that both the panel and the like panel connected thereto are de-energized in the connected position. Furthermore, the engagement means are partially complementary to each other and engage in this engaged position complementary to each other. At least in a portion in which the groove cheek of the panel is formed complementary to the underside of the panel in the recess at the opposite end of the panel and / or the underside of the spring, between the panel and the like further panel in the connected state forms a planar Contact between the top of the lower beam and the underside of the similar further panel in the recess for receiving the lower beam and / or in the region of the spring. The panel and in particular the coupling means and their engaging means are formed so that in the connected state no play exists parallel to the direction oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal extension direction of the groove and the spring. That along the direction in which the panels are put together when laying, there is no play in the connected state. Preferably, the end faces abut each other in the installed state flush. In an embodiment in which the upper edges of the top of the panel are not touched, thus abut the upper edges in the laid, connected state to each other. No gap or gap is formed between the panels.

In order to achieve a seal despite the use of a non-swelling material even in a joint-free installation, in some embodiments, a glue pocket in the front of the panel is provided above the top of the spring of the panel. This is preferably formed as a groove-like milling along the entire length of the course of the spring, thus parallel to the upper edge of the panel. In addition to a seal can also be achieved in addition fixation when a glue is introduced into the Nuttasche.

In order to facilitate handling of the panels during installation, preferably the edges of the underside of the panel are circumferentially rounded.

In order to facilitate insertion of the spring into the groove, in some embodiments, an upper, leading edge of the groove is rounded.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the top of the panel is or will usually be or is and / or is decorative in design. In one embodiment it is provided that the non-swelling material is decorative, for example colored. For this purpose, in one embodiment, the carrier material is colored in the volume. For this purpose, colorants can be added in the preparation of the non-swelling material or the carrier plates produced therefrom. For example, pigments can be added which color the carrier plates in the volume. The addition of the pigments during the production of the carrier plates can be carried out so that the carrier plates are homogeneously colored. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that colorants are not introduced homogeneously in the volume of the carrier material and thus the carrier material causes different color impressions in the volume and also on the surface depending on the surface position. These color impressions can be produced at different positions by a different concentration of a colored pigment or by the introduction of different pigments which produce a different color impression. The non-swelling material from which the carrier plate is made, thus may be monochromatic, multicolored or colorful.

In another embodiment, the panel or support plate from which the panel is made is merely inked at the top. This can be done for example by applying colorants. Here again a homogeneous coloring of the upper side can be made. Likewise, a monochrome chanching color design of the surface can be brought about, in which a color impression is varied by a concentration of colorants per unit area. In particular, a color intensity can be varied locally. Even a multicolored or colorful design can be chosen.

In yet another embodiment, it is provided that a decor of the panel is determined, for example, by printing a pattern. Here you can different printing methods are used. Particularly preferred are digital printing methods, such as inkjet printing, with the individual decor designs adapted for individual batches of panels are possible. Thus, the decor may be provided, for example, with a logo, lettering or the like, to enable a design of a floor covering or a wall or ceiling cover with a corporate identity. The use of digital printing processes also makes it possible to produce panels that complement each other in terms of their decoration to a large-scale pattern, which can also be selected individually for a batch of panels. As a result, large logos or patterns, whose areal extent required for the formation of the tops of a plurality of panels, divided into different otherwise technically similar in terms of mechanical training panels are applied. From the individually different with respect to the decor panels when laying according to the predetermined relative orientation to each other, the logo or pattern formed in a floor covering or a cladding of a wall or ceiling.

In a particularly preferred embodiment and / or further development of the panels, it is provided that the panel is or is provided with one or more finishing layers on the upper side, optionally in addition to a colored design of the carrier plate or the panel body. Particularly preferred are finishing layers in the form of lacquer layers. If the surface of the carrier material already has a decorative design, for example because of a coloring of the carrier material and / or a printing of the carrier material, a transparent, color-neutral lacquer layer is preferably selected. However, it is also possible to apply a transparent, but an inherent color having lacquer layer. In addition, it is possible to apply a translucent lacquer layer in which a diffuse scattering of light takes place during the passage.

Coating layers have the advantage that they contribute among other things to increasing the haptic properties of the panel. In particular, a feeling of a warm surface is mediated. Coating layers based on plastics, which are cured by means of an electron beam method, have proved to be particularly preferred. To increase the abrasion resistance of the top of the panel corundum paints are preferably used.

As an alternative or in addition to one or more finishing layers formed as a lacquer layer, it is also possible to use thermoplastic plastic layers as finishing layers. These are in one embodiment by means of an adhesive, which in one embodiment as a hot melt adhesive, e.g. a PU hot melt adhesive is formed, laminated to the top of the panel. It is also possible to use dispersions for bonding. In particular, PU dispersions are used. PU stands for polyurethane in each case. If a thermoplastic film is used in combination with a lacquer layer, the lacquer layer is preferably applied as the outermost layer. The painting is preferably carried out after the transparent thermoplastic film is applied to the carrier material or the panel. As a result, the surface texture with the help of paints can be modified and designed application specific. In another embodiment, it is provided that the thermoplastic film is already provided prior to application with a lacquer layer and the thermoplastic film is applied to the substrate or on the panel, that provided with the lacquer layer side of the film, the top of the finished panel forms. If the carrier material has already been colored or printed, a transparent, color-neutral film is preferably used.

In another embodiment it is provided that a decorative plastic film is used as a finishing layer. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a PVC film is used which has a wear layer. The wear layer may be a transparent PVC material layer. As a wear layer is also a coating layer into consideration. For example, PU or acrylic paints are used for this purpose.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the finishing layer comprises a printed film. Preferably, this film is a thermoplastic film. This film can be applied for example with an adhesive on the top of the panel or the carrier material.

When applying films, an adhesion promoter may additionally be used.

In order to achieve special optical effects and moreover to facilitate insertion of the spring into the groove, it is provided in some embodiments that at least the top of the groove with a finishing layer, for example a Decorative layer is provided. Here, the decorative layer may be formed the same or different from the decorative layer on the top of the panel.

In order to enable a uniform design of the top of the panel and an upper surface of the spring of the panel, a foil can be applied after the milling of the spring as a unitary foil and fixed on the top of the panel and the top of the spring. Again, the film may or may not be provided with a lacquer layer.

In a further development of the method for laying it is provided that the one panel and the other similar panel are connected to each other so that the engagement means fix the panel and the other similar panel at a distance from each other in the plane, so that a down through the Forming spring-limited gap between the panels.

Another advantage of the formation of a joint is that in this after the joining of the panels a grout can be filled. On the one hand optical effects can be brought about and on the other hand a sealing of the plane formed by the upper sides in the area of the points of contact can be brought about. This offers the advantage that liquids and / or dirt can not penetrate through the laid soil layer and can damage a subfloor underneath. In particular, in areas in which, for example, regularly act on a floor large amounts of moisture or even water or applied by the maintenance cleaning, it is advantageous to protect under the floor covering formed by the panels by such a seal by means of a grout. Furthermore, protective deposits in the joints are avoided.

The fact that different distances between the panels during installation can be brought about, an adaptation of the area covered by the panels can be brought about within certain limits. In many cases costly cutting work can be saved.

The engagement means, such as the lower cheek relief and the relief relief, are each at least partially uniform along the respective end face, to which they are arranged adjacent formed, so that the panel with another similar panel in different positions with respect to an offset parallel to a longitudinal direction of the groove and the spring and each one of the different fixed distances is connectable.

In order to facilitate non-floating installation and / or installation on a wall or ceiling, in one embodiment, the lower frame relief has one or more recesses for receiving fasteners. With the fasteners, the panel is fixed to a substrate. For example, at the outermost edge of the Nutunterwange a parallel to the groove over the entire longitudinal side extending or only over a portion extending or extending over a plurality of sections recess for receiving fasteners may be formed. As fasteners, for example, brackets, angles or the like can be used. It is also possible that along the longitudinal direction of the groove in the relief one or more recesses or recesses are provided in order to introduce or receive such fastening means and / or for example screws. Here, the recesses or recesses are adapted to the fastening means to be selected so that the fastening means do not protrude beyond the cross-sectional profile of the relief contour in cross section perpendicular to the groove, so that another similar panel can be brought into an optimal complementary engagement.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische schematische Ansicht eines profilierten Paneels;

Fig. 2a

eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Paneels, welches mit einem weiteren gleichartigen Paneel in einer ersten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist;

Fig. 2b

eine schematische Schnittansicht des Paneels nach Fig. 2a, das mit dem weiteren Paneel in einer zweiten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist;

Fig. 3a

eine schematische Schnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Paneels, welches mit einem weiteren gleichartigen Paneel in einer ersten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist;

Fig. 3b

eine schematische Schnittansicht des Paneels nach Fig. 3a, das mit dem weiteren Paneel in einer zweiten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist;

Fig. 4a

eine schematische Schnittansicht noch einer anderen Ausführungsform eines Paneels, welches mit einem gleichartigen Paneel in einer ersten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist;

Fig. 4b

eine weitere schematische Schnittansicht des Paneels nach Fig. 4a, das mit dem weiteren gleichartigen Paneel in einer zweiten Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist; und

Fig. 5

eine schematische Schnittansicht noch wieder einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Paneels, welches mit einem gleichartigen Paneel in einer einzigen möglichen Eingriffsstellung verbunden ist.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Hereby show:

Fig. 1

a perspective schematic view of a profiled panel;

Fig. 2a

a schematic sectional view of a panel which is connected to another similar panel in a first engagement position;

Fig. 2b

a schematic sectional view of the panel according to Fig. 2a which is connected to the further panel in a second engagement position;

Fig. 3a

a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a panel which is connected to another similar panel in a first engagement position;

Fig. 3b

a schematic sectional view of the panel according to Fig. 3a which is connected to the further panel in a second engagement position;

Fig. 4a

a schematic sectional view of yet another embodiment of a panel which is connected to a similar panel in a first engagement position;

Fig. 4b

a further schematic sectional view of the panel according to Fig. 4a which is connected to the further similar panel in a second engagement position; and

Fig. 5

a schematic sectional view of yet another embodiment of a panel, which is connected to a similar panel in a single possible engagement position.

In Fig. 1 schematically a perspective view of a panel 1 is shown, which is cut perpendicular to its longitudinal sides 2, 3, so that a sectional surface 5 is visible to illustrate the cross-sectional profile. The panel 1 consists of a panel body 100, which is made of a support plate of a non-swelling material or is. Preferably, the carrier plate is a gypsum fiber board, a cement fiber board, a cement chipboard or a magnesium oxide support plate. The support plate can also be made of a wood plastic composite material, provided that it has a thickness swelling of less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, wherein the thickness swelling determined in accordance with the provisions of the standard EN 13329: 2006 + A1: 2008 (E) Annex G. becomes. The measuring instructions are explained in detail above. The panel body 100 has an upper side 6 and a lower side 7. On the long sides 2, 3, the top 6 and the bottom 7 are connected via end faces 8, 9. At opposite end faces 8, 9 respectively coupling means 10, 11 are formed in order to connect the panel 1 with another similar panel can. Also on the short end faces, which are not shown here, similar coupling means are formed in the rule.

At one end face 8, the coupling means 10 are formed as a spring 21. At the opposite end face 9, the coupling means 11 are formed as a groove 31. The groove 31 is formed between a Nutoberwange 32 and a Nutunterwange 33. The Nutunterwange 33 has over a top edge 13 of the top 6 on the longitudinal side 3 on a projection 34. In order to accommodate such a projection of another similar panel, the panel 1 on its underside 7 at the opposite end to the projection 34, ie the end on which the spring 21 is formed, a recess 24.

The spring 21 and the groove 31 are in this case each formed so that a spring 21 'of another similar panel is inserted into the groove 31 in order to connect the panel 1 with the other similar panel 1' so that in the connected state, the top 6 in a plane 19 with the top 6 'of the other similar panel 1' is located. This connected state is z. In Fig. 2a in a schematic sectional view through the panel 1 and the other similar panel 1 'shown. The same technical features have the same reference numerals in the different figures. The corresponding features of a similar to the panel 1 panel 1 'are each identified by the reference numeral of the panel 1 and a trailing apostrophe. A description of features with respect to the similar panel 1 'also refers in each case to the description of the same features with respect to the panel 1.

To the panel 1 and the other related panel 1 '(see, for example Fig. 2a ) in the connected position with respect to a movement in the plane 19 perpendicular to the longitudinal sides 2, 3, 2 ', 3' to fix, the panel 1 engagement means 25, 35 on. The engagement means 25, 35 of the panel 1 are complementary to each other, so that different engagement positions of the engagement means 25, 35 exist, in which the engaging means in the connected state of the panel 1 with the other similar panel 1 'sections intermesh flat. Two such different engagement positions are in the Fig. 2a and 2b shown.

The engaging means 35 are formed on the one end face 9 on the upper side 36 in the region of the projection 34 of the Nutunterwange 33 as a lower cheek relief 37. Furthermore, the engagement means 25 are formed on the underside 7 of the panel 1 in the region of the recess 24 and optionally additionally in the region of an underside 23 of the spring 21 as a relief relief 27. The lower cheek relief 37 and the recess relief 27 are at least partially complementary to each other, so that in different engagement positions sections of the lower cheek relief 37 and the Aussparungsreliefs 27 in the connected state of the panel with another similar panel 1 'are connected to each other surface, ie are flat with each other in contact.

In Fig. 2a are the profile sections in which the recess profile 27 'and the lower cheek profile 37 engage flatly, characterized by the brace 41. In Fig. 2b These profile sections are indicated by the curly bracket 43. The Profilabschitte each span at least one and a half period lengths of the respective relief profiles. As a result, a good frictional connection between the engagement means 25, 35 and thus between the panel 1 and the other similar panel 1 'is achieved. In the FIGS. 2a and 2b For better illustration, the engagement means 35, 25 'are shown so that a distance remains between the lower cheek profile 37 and the recess profile 27' in the connected state of the panels 1, 1 '. In a real embodiment, this distance does not exist. Similarly, the gap 29 in Fig. 2a and 2b and the distance between the panels 1, 1 'and the upper edges 13, 12' in Fig. 2a shown enlarged for the sake of illustration.

In the illustrated embodiment, an upper side 28 of the spring is aligned parallel to the upper side 6 of the panel 1. Likewise, one of the groove 31 facing side 38 of the Nutoberwange 32 is formed parallel to the upper side 6. As a result, a merging of the spring and the groove is favored. In addition, a remaining gap 29 in different engagement positions of the engagement means 25 ', 35, as they are for example in Fig. 2a and 2b are shown, in each case the same. The top of the Nutunterwange 33 may be formed in a portion 39 in which the groove 31 is formed between the Nutoberwange 32 and the Nutunterwange 33, also parallel to the upper side 6. However, in order to facilitate insertion of the spring 21 'into the groove 31, this portion 39 may advantageously also be inclined downwards towards the outside 55 of the groove 31. Also, the bottom 23 'of the spring 21' may be inclined slightly upwards in other, not shown embodiments to a front end of the spring 61, so that the spring tapers slightly towards the front end of the spring.

The lower cheek relief 37 and the relief relief 27 'are formed in a preferred embodiment so that the surfaces in a cross-sectional profile perpendicular to the longitudinal side 2, 3 each represent a sawtooth profile. These are as mentioned above complementary to each other. The flanks of the teeth 55,65 wear one Angle α a. The notches 56, 66 also close the same angle β = α. This follows from the condition that the reliefs and thus their surface profiles are complementary to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, the complementary surface reliefs are identical. This means that the teeth (or serrations) 55, 65 'and notches 56, 66' are each symmetrical to an angle bisector 67, 68 passing through the tip.

In the Fig. 3a and 3b is a cross section through a junction of another embodiment of a panel 1 with another similar panel 1 'shown schematically. The lower frame relief 37 and the relief relief 27 'each have a sawtooth profile in this embodiment. For sawtooth-like complementary profiles, however, the angle α included in the tips of both complementary profiles is identical, and likewise the notch angles β. In the illustrated embodiment, however, the serrations and notches are not symmetrical with respect to the bisectors 67, 68 passing through the tips of the teeth / notches. When selecting a sawtooth profile, as in the embodiment, FIG Fig. 3a and 3b , In each case the advantage that a vertically acting on the upper side 6, 6 'force causes the serrations 55, 65' of a relief or sawtooth profile are driven into the notches 56, 66 'of the respective complementary relief or profile. As a result, the panels 1, 1 'are driven into the predetermined engagement position, which define the corresponding distance between the panels 1, 1' and a joint width 71 over this. In the Fig. 2b and 3b in each case a corresponding joint 70 is formed, which is bounded on the underside by the spring 21 '. Other embodiments may provide that the panel is connectable to another similar panel in more than two different engagement positions.

In Fig. 1 the engagement means 35, ie the lower cheek relief 37, recesses 80. These are provided for receiving fasteners with which the panel is fixed to a substrate, for example on a wall, a ceiling or even a floor. The fastening means may for example have angles which engage in the recesses 80. However, the relief remains at least partially uniform along the longitudinal side 3. If no recesses 80 are provided in the relief, this is uniform over the entire longitudinal side. This facilitates formation of the lower frame relief structure.

In the embodiment, which in the Fig. 3a and 3b is shown, a shoulder 58 is provided at an outer end 57 in the lower cheek relief, which is provided for receiving fastening means 90. This shoulder 58 preferably extends along the entire longitudinal side 3 of the panel 1. Fixing is also possible with clip systems known from the prior art.

It is understood by those skilled in the art that the top 6 is usually provided with a finishing layer, for example a decorative layer. Likewise, the upper side 28 of the spring 21 can be provided with the same or another finishing layer, for example the same or another decorative layer. For aesthetic and aesthetic reasons and to avoid sharp edges, the upper edges 12, 13 of the upper side 6 along the longitudinal sides 2, 3 be chamfered or rounded. In addition, it is possible to make cut-outs on these edges (not shown). Due to the fact that the engagement means 25, 35 are formed at the bottom in the recess 24 and on the upper side of the Nutunterwange 33 deeper recesses than in the prior art panels can be made without causing structural weakening, which Locking and fixing would affect transverse to the longitudinal sides in the installed state. This is mainly due to the fact that no internal stresses in the individual panels 1, 1 'are used to fix them in the plane relative to each other. It is crucial that the individual panels are nested in the laid state stress-free.

In Fig. 4a and 4b is a section of a cross section through the connecting portion of a panel 1 with another panel 1 'for a further embodiment of panels shown. In these, the engagement means 25, 35 are sinusoidal, ie provided with rounded complementary profiles. Nevertheless, a good centering also takes place in this embodiment, so that no play exists in the installed state transverse to the longitudinal directions and a good fixation is achieved transversely to the longitudinal sides 2, 3. Shown are again two different engagement positions. In Fig. 4a one is shown an engagement position in which there is no space between the panels 1 and 1 '. In Fig. 4b is shown an engagement position, in which between the panel 1 and the other similar panel 1 ', a gap 70 is formed. In all embodiments 2b, 3b and 4b, the joint 70 can be sealed for sealing with a grout 72. This will cause ingress of liquids from prevents the top to a floor located under the bottom 7 or another type of support surface. Furthermore, a deposit of protection in the joints is prevented. The grout can have different colors. By means of this, various optical effects can be achieved in cooperation with a finishing layer designed as a decorative layer.

In Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view yet another embodiment of a panel 1 shown, which is connected to a similar panel 1 'in a single possible engagement position. Same technical features again have the same reference numerals as in the figures to the other embodiments.

The panel 1 and the similar panel 1 'connected thereto have engaging means 25', 35 which are in flat contact with each other in a portion marked by a brace 45. The engagement means are formed in this section complementary to each other and engage complementary to each other. In the illustrated connected state, in which the engagement means 25 ', 35 are in surface contact, further push the end faces 8' of the similar panel 1 'and the other end face 9 of the panel 1 to each other. This means that the upper edges 13, 12 'also abut each other. In the direction towards each other a movement is prevented by the abutment of the end faces 9, 8 '. In the direction away from each other a movement by the engagement of the engaging means 25 ', 35 is prevented. Between the panels 1, 1 'there is no gap and no gap.

The engaging means 35 of the panel 1 have on the upper side 36 of the Nutunterwange 33 in the region of the supernatant 34 to the end 57 of the panel 1 towards a "survey" or thickening 59 on. Accordingly, the engagement means 25 'of the similar further panel 1' in the recess 24 'has a notch 69'. A surface profile of the thickening 59 and a surface profile of the notch 69 'are at least in a portion (which is indicated by the curly bracket 45) formed complementary. In the connected state of the panels 1, 1 'engage the engaging means 25', 35 in the engaged position complementary to each other, so that a moving apart of the panels transverse to the upper edges 13, 12 'is prevented and no play in this direction exists.

In order to facilitate handling of the panels 1, 1 'and to minimize the risk of injury due to angled edges, in the illustrated embodiment the edges 14', 15 bordering the underside 7 are rounded.

For receiving fastening means, the panel 1 or the panels 1, 1 'can be designed so that a free space 75 remains on the underside in the connected state of the panels 1, 1'. As indicated in the other embodiments, the profile of the groove lower cheek 33 may be modified or such that fasteners may engage the groove lower cheek 33 without interfering with complementary engagement of the engaging means 25 ', 35.

In the illustrated embodiment, a so-called glue pocket 22 is further formed in the end face 8 '. In this glue or a sealing material can be filled in the laying process, so that the panels 1, 1 'fixed to each other and / or a seal is brought about.

In order to facilitate insertion of the spring 21 into the groove 31, a front edge 76 of the underside 28 of the Nutoberwange 32 is rounded. Likewise, the front spring end 61 'is rounded both to the top 28' of the spring 21 'and to the bottom 23' of the spring 21. This reduces a risk of injury during handling and facilitates the merging of the coupling means 10 ', 11, i. spring 21 'and groove 31. This purpose is also the rounding of the portion 39 of the Nutunterwange 33th

The embodiments have in common that the engagement means are formed so that they have transversely to the respective longitudinal sides periodic surface profiles. These surface profiles are each complementary to each other. The engagement means are further configured such that in each case at least two engagement positions exist, in which the respectively complementary relief structures, ie the lower cheek relief and the relief relief, are in areal contact with each other. The region in which the mutually complementary engagement means are in area contact, spans at least two and a half period lengths in both surface profiles perpendicular to the respective longitudinal side. This creates a good adhesion between the adjacent panels. Furthermore, a connection is free of play transversely to the longitudinal sides, when mutually complementary engagement means are flat with each other over an area in Are contact that has more than one period length. The panels are tension-free when connected.

In describing the various embodiments shown, only the design of two of the long sides of a panel has been described. It is understood that the other two opposite longitudinal sides of a panel with a rectangular top can be formed in the same way with coupling and engagement means. As a rule, all four longitudinal sides are provided with coupling means and additionally with engagement means.

When laying, silicones or tile adhesives can be used for bonding.

In the embodiments illustrated in the different figures, a decorative design of the surface and / or a formation of a finishing layer are not separately described and illustrated.

However, it goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the different design options mentioned in the introduction to the description are also used for finishing and / or decorating the top side of the panels and / or an upper side of the spring or springs of the individual panels. Here, the top of a panel and the tops of the springs at the different end faces (the longitudinal end face and the transverse end face) may each be configured the same or different. It is also possible to design these uniformly. If a decorative or transparent film is applied to the top side of the panel as a finishing layer or as part of a finishing layer, then it can also be uniformly applied to the top side of the spring in addition to being applied to the top side of the panel.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the panel is provided with a finishing layer, for example a decorative layer. A decor can be applied for example by printing a pattern and then painting the top. To obtain a visually appealing, smooth and particularly tactile pleasant and moreover highly abrasion resistant surface, plastic lacquers can be used for the finishing layer, which preferably cured by means of electron beam bombardment. Corundum-containing paints are preferred.

The various described methods of decorating and / or refining the panel may be combined as desired with the various described embodiments. It should be noted at this point that panels which differ only in terms of their decorative design, but otherwise identical in their physical characteristics, are considered as similar panels in the context of the application.

It is understood that only exemplary embodiments are described here. The features described in the individual illustrated embodiments may be used in any combination to practice the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

paneling

2

long side

3

long side

5

section

6

top

7

bottom

8th

front

9

opposite front side

10, 11

coupling agent

12, 13

upper edges

14.15

Edges (the bottom)

18

opposite end

19

level

21

feather

22

Leimtasche

23

Bottom (spring)

24

recess

25

engagement means

27

recess profile

28

Top (spring)

29

gap

31

groove

32

Nutoberwange

33

Nutunterwange

34

Got over

35

engagement means

36

top

37

Lower beam Relief

38

Bottom groove cheek

39

Section, the top of the groove lower cheek

41, 43, 45

curly braces

51

outside

55

jag

56

score

57

outer end

58

paragraph

59

thickening

61

front end of spring

65

spike peak

66

score

67, 68

bisecting

69

notch

70

Gap

71

joint width

72

grout

75

free space

76

front edge (bottom groove cheek)

80

recess

90

fastener

100

panel body

Claims (13)

Panel (1) for laminar laying with similar panels (1 ') comprising a panel body (100) having a top (6) and a bottom (7) and coupling means (10, 11) on an end face (9) of the panel body ( 100) comprise a groove (31) and at an opposite end face (8) a spring (21), wherein the spring (21) and the groove (31) are formed so that the groove (31) of the panel in the spring ( 21) of a similar panel (1) is insertable to connect the panels (1, 1 ') together so that the tops (6, 6') of the panel bodies (100, 100 ') lie in one plane,
characterized in that
the panel body (1) is made of a non-swelling material. Panel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-swelling material has a thickness swelling of less than 2%, wherein the thickness swelling is determined according to the following measurement specification: from the material are two specimens A and B with dimensions of (long side x transverse side) of (150 ± 1) mm x (50 ± 1) mm, with the cutting directions of the long sides of the specimens oriented perpendicular to each other;
the specimens are conditioned in a preparatory atmosphere at a temperature of (23 ± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)% until their masses are measured in successive measurements made 24 hours apart do not change more than 0.01%;
Each sample is subjected to three thickness measurements with a micrometer-gauge with two opposing flat and parallel measuring surfaces of at least 5 mm diameter and with an accuracy of ± 0,05 mm, the thickness measurements being made perpendicular to the surface at the outer edges and in each case a first measuring point is located at the outer edge in the middle of a transverse side, the other two measuring points at the outer edges of the longitudinal sides are each 25 mm away from the transverse side, in the middle of which lies the first measuring point, the measured thicknesses being the initial thicknesses d _are designated in the sample pieces are then immersed in each case with the transverse side, at the outer edge of the first measuring point is arranged in a vessel with water, so that an immersion depth is 50 mm and the longitudinal sides of the sample pieces are oriented perpendicular to the water surface, wherein the water is kept constant at a temperature of (20 ± 1) ° C and the vessel in which the water is located, is dimensioned so large that a water level in the vessel remains constant;
the specimens are removed from the water after 24 hours ± 15 minutes and dried with a towel;
thereafter thickness measurements are carried out again at the same three measuring points of each panel, the measured thicknesses being referred to as final thicknesses d _fin ,
from the measured initial thickness in the conditioned state _in d and the measured after removal from the water final thickness d _fin a percent thickness swelling according to the following formula for each of the measuring points: $$\frac{\left({\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{fin}}-{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{in}}\right)\mathrm{x}\mathrm{100}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{in}}}$$

calculated;
thickness swelling is the mean of the six individual thickness swelling results in percent (%) with an accuracy of 0.1%. Panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the non-swelling material is magnesium oxide or a composite material based on gypsum fiber or cement-fiber or cement fiber. Panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (31) between a Nutoberwange (32) and a Nutunterwange (33) is formed, wherein the groove (31) facing side (38) of the Nutoberwange (32 ) is aligned parallel to the upper side (6) of the panel (1) and an upper side (28) of the spring (21) is aligned parallel to the upper side (6) of the panel (1). Panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Nutunterw cheek (33) relative to the Nutoberwange (32) has a projection (34) and the Paneelköper (100) at the Nutunterwange (33) opposite end of its underside (7 ) has a recess (24) for receiving the Nutunterwange (33 ') of another similar panel (1') in the connection with the other similar panel (1 '). Panel (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that on the one hand on the Nutunterwange (33) and on the other hand in the region of the recess (24) and optionally in addition an underside (23) of the spring (21) each at least partially complementary engagement means (25, 35) are formed, which in the connection of the panel (1) with another similar panel (1 ') are engageable relative to each other in different engagement positions to the with the panel (1) connected another similar panel (1') in one to fix at different fixed distances. Panel (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the panel body (100) is adapted to be in the laid state in which it is connected to at least one further similar panel (1) in each engagement position of the engagement means (100). 25, 35) is tension-free. Panel (1) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the engagement means (25, 35) are designed so that an engagement position exists, in consideration of an edge shape of an upper edge (13) of the panel (1) and a Edge shape of an upper edge (12 ') of the associated hereby similar panel (1) the upper edges (13, 12') are joined together without spacing. Panel (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that on the upper side (36) of the projection (34) of the Nutunterwange (33) a lower frame relief (37) and on the underside (7) of the panel body (100) in Area of the recess and optionally in addition (24) of the underside (23) of the spring (21) a recess relief (27) are formed, and the lower cheek relief (37) and the relief relief (27) are formed so that the lower cheek relief (37) and the recess relief (27) are formed like a sawtooth and complementary to each other, so that in the engagement positions, the complementary sawtooth-shaped reliefs at least in sections lie flat against one another. Method for laminating similar panels (1, 1 ') comprising the steps: Providing a plurality of similar panels (1, 1 ') according to one of claims 1 to 9; Applying one of the panels (1) to a substrate; Connecting the one panel (1) to another of the similar panels (1 ') by interlocking groove (31) and tongue (21) of the panel (1, 1') so that in the connected condition the tops (6, 6 ') of the similar interconnected panels (1, 1') lie in one plane and the individual panels (1, 1 ') are each tension-free. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the one panel (1) and the further panel (1 ') are interconnected so that the engagement means (25, 35) the panel (1) and the further panel (1') in Fix a distance to each other in the plane, so that a downwardly by the spring (21) limited gap (70) between the panels (1, 1 ') forms. Method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that between the panels (1, 1 ') formed gap (70) is filled with a grout (90). Manufacturing method for a panel (1) for surface laying comprising the steps of: providing or producing a support plate as a panel body (100) having a top (6) and a bottom (7) which are plane-parallel to each other; Milling of coupling means (10, 11) on the end faces (8, 9) of the panel body (100), wherein in each case at one of the opposite end faces (9) a groove (31) and the other end face (8) of the opposite end faces (8, 9) corresponding to a spring (21) is milled, wherein the spring (21) and the groove (31) are formed so that the groove (31) of the panel (1) in the spring (21) of another similar panel (1 ') is insertable to connect the panels (1, 1') together so that the tops (6, 6 ') of the panel body (100, 100') lie in one plane,
characterized in that
the carrier plate is made of a non-swelling material or is provided from a non-swelling material.

Images