EP2636877A2 - Motor vehicle with reduced noise emissions - Google Patents
Motor vehicle with reduced noise emissions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2636877A2 EP2636877A2 EP13001054.9A EP13001054A EP2636877A2 EP 2636877 A2 EP2636877 A2 EP 2636877A2 EP 13001054 A EP13001054 A EP 13001054A EP 2636877 A2 EP2636877 A2 EP 2636877A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- motor vehicle
- noise
- mode
- schallabstrahlreduziertes
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
- F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/60—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the driver demands or status
- F02D2200/604—Engine control mode selected by driver, e.g. to manually start particle filter regeneration or to select driving style
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/70—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
- F02D2200/701—Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
- F02D2250/22—Control of the engine output torque by keeping a torque reserve, i.e. with temporarily reduced drive train or engine efficiency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
- F02D31/009—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply for maximum speed control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
- F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reduced-noise motor vehicle, in particular trucks or buses, with an engine, in particular diesel engine whose operation is controlled by an engine via an injection pump, which includes a microprocessor, data and program memory and an input and output peripherals and thus measures for at least temporary Reduction of the sound radiation of the engine and / or the vehicle and / or under a, preferably prescribed by law measure are executable.
- a dynamics management for the powertrain in which for controlling the operating behavior of a diesel engine of a motor vehicle, a vehicle control computer controls an electronic fuel injection in dependence on the engine speed.
- the acceleration of the engine speed is controlled by a programmed into the vehicle control computer map, which assigns the setpoints of the speed acceleration, the engine speed and the vehicle speed in relation to each other. This makes it possible that the speed of the engine speed can be limited by means of a map speed and speed dependent.
- the setpoints of the individual parameters speed acceleration, engine speed and vehicle speed are transmitted to the engine control and lead there to a, the respective load condition appropriate and the desired dynamic behavior corresponding engine run-up.
- the publication EP 545 027 A1 teaches a low-noise motor vehicle, especially trucks or buses, in which the reduction / limitation of the noise emission of the engine via its operating control is accomplished.
- the values of different full load lines and Abregellinien that are at least partially different from those of the standard full load line and Abregelline provided.
- the from the full load line and / or Values taken from the control line are used for adjusting the injection pump in the sense of reduced-noise operation of the engine, with the values of power-reduced and reduced-speed full-load lines and cut-off lines being stored in free or additionally to be provided data storage locations of the engine electronics.
- the invention / innovation is based on the object to reduce the sound radiation of a vehicle and at the same time to ensure greater safety for the vehicle in traffic. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention, despite an at least temporarily reduced sound radiation of the motor vehicle to keep its power or speed of the engine constant and to increase the safety of the vehicle.
- the reduction of the sound radiation of the engine by measures whose operating control is executable such that switch free or additional data storage slots to be provided the engine electronics in a noise reduced mode, at least temporarily increasing consumption and at the same time at least power and speed constant acts and reduces the noise emission of the drive and / or motor.
- the noise reduced mode lowers the rail pressure, relocates the injection to a later time, and / or provides a higher volume of fuel metering subsets.
- the noise-reduced mode is active for a maximum period of 5 minutes, preferably 2 minutes, more preferably for a maximum period of 40 seconds, so that subsequently this noise-reduced mode is switched back to a normal mode and the usual noise emission of the motor vehicle is present again, during this phase, the usual power reserves of the engine are available.
- the described time limitation to a maximum period of 5 minutes or as set forth by a correspondingly shorter period of time is based on the finding that in particular short-term sound emission peaks decisively influence the subjective noise impression of a motor vehicle. If now these tips of the Schallabstrahl characterizing of the vehicle are "capped" by the described measure, the subjective overall perception of the vehicle noise can be significantly reduced while maintaining a Vorhalten the usual power and speed characteristics of the vehicle can be achieved.
- the limit values to be used for this purpose could, for example, be in the form that the decrease in the conversion rate of the catalyst is between 10 and 50%, preferably between 12 and 15% and / or the fill level limit, in particular indicated by the exhaust backpressure, for the particulate filter between 60 and 400 mbar , preferably between 150 and 250 mbar.
- the temporary noise reduction may affect fuel consumption and / or exhaust emissions for this period.
- the pilot injection quantity is increased compared to the normal mode and / or that in the noise-reduced mode, the exhaust gas recirculation is opened and / or opened more than in a normal mode.
- the latter results in maintaining or increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
- a greater opening of the exhaust gas recirculation means an increase in the exhaust gas recirculation rate than comparable operating parameters in the normal mode.
- an orientation to a predefined speed value in the range of 33 to 90% of the rated speed of the engine is advantageous in this case.
- values for the actual speed threshold value between 30 and 70 km / h, preferably between 39 and 61 km / h, may be assumed for lorries and / or passenger cars.
- the limit ratio of the gear ratio greater than 2 to 1 or less than 6 to 1 can be used.
- a dependency of the vehicle load can be taken into account.
- the load of the vehicle can be determined via the shock absorber behavior, one or more load cells, by input of the driver and / or by inference of the operating behavior of the truck in the normal state (for example via acceleration sensors).
- a first degree of sound reduction is performed during the quiet mode, provided that the vehicle is in a first surface section and a second degree of sound reduction is performed during the quiet mode, provided the motor vehicle is located in a second surface portion, wherein the first and second degree of sound reduction are different, in particular at least one delta of 3 dB has a sound pressure at a defined selected measuring distance.
- a first and second degree of sound reduction is meant a quasi-silent mode A and a low-noise mode B, during their respective mode phases, the sound emission of the motor vehicle is reduced from the normal mode, and the silent mode A and the silent mode B with a delta of differ by at least 3 dB with respect to their sound radiation.
- Quadrants of a map and / or sections of a GPS map system may be used as the area section become.
- the motor vehicle can also detect and allocate the surface sections, for example, as in-town and out-of-town scanning of town signs and / or the type of surroundings (buildings and / or landscape).
- a quieter mode can be activated in-situ and a low-noise mode out of town. This approach may be due to both the higher noise avoidance objective and the higher noise reflection aspect of the particular location.
- sound in a built-up, urban area will spread much more strongly or the sound will be subjectively more clearly perceptible.
- the location information refers to an assignment of the vehicle location to urban or heavily built-up areas, or to rural or weakly built-up areas.
- the existence of the motor vehicle in a first or second or further surface section may be by a GPS system, a location system, an optical system, a vehicle communication system, a mobile device, a smartphone, a broadcasting system, a radar system, an infrared system, a card system and / or a manual input of the driver can be determined and / or determined.
- the optical system can advantageously detect buildings, landscapes, traffic signs and / or moving objects in the vicinity of the vehicle and select from these detected objects one of at least two different environmental categories and allocate, depending on the selected or associated environmental categories, the degree of sound reduction and / or the threshold for initiating the low-noise mode varies. For example, pedestrians or other road users in the vicinity of the vehicle are detected, so that a need for the initiation of the sound-reduced mode can be derived therefrom. Thus, the initiation could be made dependent on potential noise receivers in the vicinity of the vehicle.
- a further advantageous measure is when the degree of sound reduction and / or the threshold value for initiating the noise-reduced mode depends on the values of a rain sensor on the vehicle and / or depending on the weather conditions assigned to the location of the vehicle and / or depending on a optical sensor detected weather information and / or depending on the Schallreflekomseigenschaften the environment and in particular the roadways varüert.
- a wet road which is characterized among other things by an increased degree of sound reflection, an earlier initiation of a sound-reduced mode phase and / or initiation of an "amplified" sound-reduced mode phase can be advantageous.
- an adjustment of the noise-reduced mode is made dependent on the "acoustic conditions" prevailing outside the vehicle (reflection properties of the environment).
- this can be achieved by increasing the cylinder pressure through the intervention in the combustion process and thereby, by influencing the quantities and / or times of pilot injection, a reduction of the sound radiation is achieved.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system is designed accordingly that the then at least temporarily resulting increased raw exhaust gas emissions remain implementable.
- a direct or indirect (history, account models) query of the exhaust aftertreatment system is advantageous, in particular before the implementation of the noise-reduced mode, which then provides the information as to whether and, if so, how long a sound-emission-reduced mode can be operated while maintaining the exhaust gas limit values.
- An account model can map the time course of parameters of the exhaust gas aftertreatment in the form of addition and subtraction of defined amounts and thereby provide statements on the performance or the duration of a required performance of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
- the temporary increases in the thermal and mechanical load of the engine components can be taken into account in their design.
- a consideration of the loading of the mechanical components may be provided before the start of the noise reduced mode. For example, start of the noise reduced mode may be inhibited if the components of the engine have recently been subjected to a high thermal load (full load operation) to avoid material failure due to a continuous high load of the components.
- the subject invention extends not only to an objectively described motor vehicle, but also generally to a method for influencing the sound emission of a motor vehicle having the above features.
- the invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment in the drawing figures.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein schallabstrahlreduziertes Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere Lastkraftwagen oder Omnibus, mit einem Motor, insbesondere Dieselmotor dessen Betrieb über eine Einspritzpumpe durch eine Motorelektronik regelbar ist, die einen Mikroprozessor, Daten- und Programmspeicher sowie eine Ein- und Ausgabeperipherie umfasst und damit Maßnahmen zur zumindest temporären Minderung der Schallabstrahlung des Motors und/oder des Fahrzeugs auf und/oder unter ein, vorzugsweise gesetzgeberisch vorgegebenes Maß ausführbar sind.The invention relates to a reduced-noise motor vehicle, in particular trucks or buses, with an engine, in particular diesel engine whose operation is controlled by an engine via an injection pump, which includes a microprocessor, data and program memory and an input and output peripherals and thus measures for at least temporary Reduction of the sound radiation of the engine and / or the vehicle and / or under a, preferably prescribed by law measure are executable.
Aus der Offenlegungsschrift
Auch die Offenlegungsschrift
Der Erfindung/Neuerung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Schallabstrahlung eines Fahrzeuges zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig eine höhere Sicherheit für das Fahrzeug im Straßenverkehr zu gewährleisten. Ferner ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, trotz einer zumindest temporär reduzierten Schallabstrahlung des Kraftfahrzeugs dessen Leistung oder Drehzahl des Motors konstant zu halten und die Sicherheit des Fahrzeugs zu erhöhen.The invention / innovation is based on the object to reduce the sound radiation of a vehicle and at the same time to ensure greater safety for the vehicle in traffic. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention, despite an at least temporarily reduced sound radiation of the motor vehicle to keep its power or speed of the engine constant and to increase the safety of the vehicle.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 oder 15 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 14.This object is solved by the features of claim 1 or 15. Advantageous development of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2 to 14.
Als Kern der Erfindung wird es angesehen, dass die Minderung der Schallabstrahlung des Motors durch Maßnahmen dessen Betriebsregelung betreffend ausführbar ist, dergestalt, dass freie oder zusätzliche bereitzustellende Datenspeicherplätze der Motorelektronik in einen geräuschreduzierten Modus schalten, der zumindest temporär verbrauchssteigernd und zugleich wenigstens Leistungs- und Drehzahlkonstant wirkt und die Geräuschemission des Antriebs und/oder Motors reduziert. Insbesondere wird durch den geräuschreduzierten Modus der Raildruck abgesenkt, die Einspritzung auf einen späteren Zeitpunkt verlegt und/oder ein höheres Volumen an Teilmengen der Kraftstoffzumessung bereitgestellt. Ein wesentlicher Punkt der Erfindung ist es, dass erkannt wurde, dass eine Lärmreduktion nicht zwangsläufig durch eine Leistungsreduktion bewerkstelligbar ist, sondern auch ein zumindest temporär oder ein insbesondere kurzzeitiger geräuschreduzierter Modus bei wenigstens gleicher Leistung und Drehzahl und dabei erhöhtem Kraftstoffverbrauch ausführbar ist. Insbesondere bei Bergauffahrten und/oder bei Überholvorgängen könnte eine wie im Stand der Technik stets beschriebene Leistungsreduktion zur Schallabstrahlreduzierung des Kraftfahrzeugs eine für den Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeugs gefährliche Situation schaffen, da beispielsweise während des Überholvorganges dem Fahrer des Fahrzeuges die erwartete Leistung versagt bleibt und der Überholvorgang einen längeren Zeitraum in Anspruch nimmt und ggf. abgebrochen werden muss. Beispielsweise könnte für bestimmte Szenarien in denen eine Geräuschreduktion des Motors erwünscht ist (z. B. Szenarien die anhand von GPS-Daten, Beschleunigungsdaten oder vergleichbarem ermittelt werden) ein erhöhter Kraftstoffverbrauch über einen beschränkten, vorzugsweise kurzen Zeitraum vertretbar und/oder vorteilhaft sein.As the core of the invention, it is considered that the reduction of the sound radiation of the engine by measures whose operating control is executable, such that switch free or additional data storage slots to be provided the engine electronics in a noise reduced mode, at least temporarily increasing consumption and at the same time at least power and speed constant acts and reduces the noise emission of the drive and / or motor. In particular, the noise reduced mode lowers the rail pressure, relocates the injection to a later time, and / or provides a higher volume of fuel metering subsets. An essential point of the invention is that it was recognized that a noise reduction is not necessarily accomplished by a power reduction, but also at least temporarily or a particular short-term noise reduced mode at least the same power and speed and thereby increased fuel consumption is executable. In particular, when driving uphill and / or overtaking a power reduction as always described in the art for Schallabstrahlreduzierung the motor vehicle could create a dangerous situation for the driver of the motor vehicle, for example, during the overtaking the driver of the vehicle, the expected performance is denied and the overtaking one longer period in Claim and must be canceled if necessary. For example, for certain scenarios where noise reduction of the engine is desired (eg, scenarios determined from GPS data, acceleration data, or the like), increased fuel consumption over a limited, preferably short period of time could be acceptable and / or advantageous.
Vorzugsweise ist der geräuschreduzierte Modus für einen maximalen Zeitraum von 5 Minuten, vorzugsweise 2 Minuten, insbesondere bevorzugt für einen maximalen Zeitraum von 40 Sekunden aktiv, so dass im Anschluss dieses geräuschreduzierten Modus in einem normalen Modus zurückgeschaltet wird und wieder die gewohnte Geräuschabstrahlung des Kraftfahrzeugs vorliegt, wobei während dieser Phase die gewohnten Leistungsreserven des Motors abrufbar sind. Die beschriebene zeitliche Eingrenzung auf einen maximalen Zeitraum von 5 Minuten oder wie dargelegt von einem entsprechend geringeren Zeitraum basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass insbesondere kurzzeitige Schallabstrahlspitzen den subjektiven Lärmeindruck eines Kraftfahrzeugs entscheidend prägen. Wenn nun durch die beschriebene Maßnahme diese Spitzen der Schallabstrahlcharakteristik des Fahrzeugs "gekappt" werden, kann die subjektive Gesamtwahrnehmung des Kraftfahrzeuggeräusches entscheidend reduziert und gleichzeitig ein Vorhalten der gewohnten Leistungs- und Drehzahlcharakteristik des Fahrzeugs erreicht werden.Preferably, the noise-reduced mode is active for a maximum period of 5 minutes, preferably 2 minutes, more preferably for a maximum period of 40 seconds, so that subsequently this noise-reduced mode is switched back to a normal mode and the usual noise emission of the motor vehicle is present again, during this phase, the usual power reserves of the engine are available. The described time limitation to a maximum period of 5 minutes or as set forth by a correspondingly shorter period of time is based on the finding that in particular short-term sound emission peaks decisively influence the subjective noise impression of a motor vehicle. If now these tips of the Schallabstrahlcharakteristik of the vehicle are "capped" by the described measure, the subjective overall perception of the vehicle noise can be significantly reduced while maintaining a Vorhalten the usual power and speed characteristics of the vehicle can be achieved.
Ferner hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn vor und/oder während des geräuschreduzierten Modus ein Zustand eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystem abgefragt wird und insbesondere bei Vorliegen eines Rückgangs der Umwandlungsrate des Katalysators und/oder bei Überschreiten eines Füllstandsgrenzwertes, insbesondere angezeigt durch den Abgasgegendruck, für den Partikelfilter in den Normalstatus zurückgewechselt und/oder in dem Normalstatus verblieben wird.Furthermore, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if a condition of an exhaust aftertreatment system is interrogated before and / or during the noise reduced mode and in particular in the presence of a decrease in the conversion rate of the catalyst and / or exceeding a level limit, in particular indicated by the exhaust back pressure for the Particle filter is returned to normal status and / or remains in the normal state.
Mit dieser Maßnahme wird gewährleistet, dass trotz des Bestrebens einer Geräuschreduktion diese nicht durchgeführt wird, wenn das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für die "Abarbeitung" erhöhter Abgasmengen nicht bereit ist. Damit können gegebenenfalls negative Auswirkungen des geräuschreduzierten Modus auf das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem auf Grund der zumindest konstanten Leistung und Drehzahl verhindert werden.This measure ensures that, despite the desire for noise reduction, this is not carried out if the exhaust aftertreatment system is not ready for the "processing" of increased amounts of exhaust gas. In this way, negative effects of the reduced-noise mode on the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may possibly be prevented on account of the at least constant power and rotational speed.
Die hierfür heranzuziehenden Grenzwerte könnten beispielsweise in der Gestalt sein, dass der Rückgang der Umwandlungsrate des Katalysators zwischen 10 und 50 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 12 und 15 % und/oder der Füllstandsgrenzwert, insbesondere angezeigt durch den Abgasgegendruck, für den Partikelfilter zwischen 60 und 400 mbar, vorzugsweise zwischen 150 und 250 mbar beträgt. Die temporäre Geräuschminderung kann den Kraftstoffverbrauch und/oder den Abgasausstoß für diesen Zeitraum beeinflussen.The limit values to be used for this purpose could, for example, be in the form that the decrease in the conversion rate of the catalyst is between 10 and 50%, preferably between 12 and 15% and / or the fill level limit, in particular indicated by the exhaust backpressure, for the particulate filter between 60 and 400 mbar , preferably between 150 and 250 mbar. The temporary noise reduction may affect fuel consumption and / or exhaust emissions for this period.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass in dem geräuschreduzierten Modus die Voreinspritzmenge gegenüber dem Normalmodus heraufgesetzt wird und/oder dass in dem geräuschreduzierten Modus die Abgasrückführung geöffnet und/oder stärker geöffnet wird als in einem normalen Modus. Letzteres hat eine Beibehaltung oder Erhöhung der Abgasrückführrate zur Folge. Unter einer stärkeren Öffnung der Abgasrückführung wird eine Erhöhung der Abgasrückführrate als bei vergleichbaren Betriebsparametern im normalen Modus verstanden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that in the noise-reduced mode, the pilot injection quantity is increased compared to the normal mode and / or that in the noise-reduced mode, the exhaust gas recirculation is opened and / or opened more than in a normal mode. The latter results in maintaining or increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate. A greater opening of the exhaust gas recirculation means an increase in the exhaust gas recirculation rate than comparable operating parameters in the normal mode.
Ferner hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn der geräuschreduzierte Modus abhängig
- von einem vordefinierten Drehzahlwert im Bereich von 33 bis 90 % der Nenndrehzahl des Motors,
- von einem Überschreiten eines an einem Mikrofon am Kraftfahrzeug detektierten Schwellwertes,
- von einer Überschreitung eines Ist-Geschwindigkeits- oder Ist-Beschleunigungsschwellwertes und/oder
- von einem Überschreiten eines Grenzbereiches für Getriebegang und Motordrehzahl und/oder
- einer Kombination zweier oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Ereignisse einsetzt.
- from a predefined speed value in the range of 33 to 90% of the rated speed of the engine,
- from exceeding a threshold value detected at a microphone on the motor vehicle,
- from exceeding an actual speed or actual acceleration threshold value and / or
- by exceeding a limit range for gear and engine speed and / or
- a combination of two or more of the aforementioned events.
Insbesondere eine Orientierung an einem vordefinierten Drehzahlwert im Bereich von 33 bis 90 % der Nenndrehzahl des Motors ist hierbei vorteilhaft. Durch das Auslösen des geräuschreduzierten Modus bei vorliegen wenigstens eines der vorgenannten Ereignisse, sollen die Geräuschspitzen gezielt "gekappt" werden.In particular, an orientation to a predefined speed value in the range of 33 to 90% of the rated speed of the engine is advantageous in this case. By triggering the noise-reduced mode in the presence of at least one of the aforementioned events, the noise peaks should be targeted "capped".
Als Werte für den Ist-Geschwindigkeitsschwellwert können für Lastkraftwagen und/oder Personenkraftwagen zwischen 30 und 70 Kmh vorzugsweise zwischen 39 und 61 Kmh angenommen werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Grenzbereich der Getriebeübersetzung größer als 2 zu 1 oder kleiner als 6 zu 1 verwendet werden.As values for the actual speed threshold value, between 30 and 70 km / h, preferably between 39 and 61 km / h, may be assumed for lorries and / or passenger cars. Alternatively or additionally, the limit ratio of the gear ratio greater than 2 to 1 or less than 6 to 1 can be used.
Im Zusammenhang mit den in den Vorabsätzen beschriebenen Ereignissen und Bedingungen zur Einleitung des geräuschreduzierten Modus kann zusätzlich neben den Beschleunigungsschwellwerten eine Abhängigkeit der Beladung des Fahrzeugs berücksichtigt werden. Die Beladung des Fahrzeugs kann über das Stoßdämpferverhalten, eine oder mehrere Wiegezellen, durch Eingabe des Fahrers und/oder durch Rückschluss des Betriebsverhaltens des LKWs im Normalzustand (z.B. via Beschleunigungssensoren) ermittelt werden.In the context of the events and conditions for initiating the reduced-noise mode described in the previous paragraphs, in addition to the acceleration threshold values, a dependency of the vehicle load can be taken into account. The load of the vehicle can be determined via the shock absorber behavior, one or more load cells, by input of the driver and / or by inference of the operating behavior of the truck in the normal state (for example via acceleration sensors).
Bei der Auslegung der Zeiträume der schallreduzierten Modusphasen hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn zwischen zwei geräuscharmen Modusphasen wenigstens ein Zeitraum von 5 Minuten, bevorzugt wenigstens ein Zeitraum von 2 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt ein Zeitraum von wenigstens 30 Sekunden liegt in dem das Fahrzeug im Normalmodus betrieben wird. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Zwangspause zwischen zwei aufeinander folgenden geräuscharmen Modusphasen.In the design of the periods of the sound-reduced mode phases, it has proven to be advantageous if between two silent mode phases at least a period of 5 minutes, preferably at least a period of 2 minutes, more preferably a period of at least 30 seconds in which the vehicle is in normal mode is operated. This is a compulsory pause between two consecutive quiet mode phases.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass ein erster Grad der Schallreduktion während des geräuscharmen Modus ausgeführt wird, sofern sich das Fahrzeug in einem ersten Flächenabschnitt befindet und ein zweiter Grad der Schallreduktion während des geräuscharmen Modus ausgeführt wird, sofern sich das Kraftfahrzeug in einem zweiten Flächenabschnitt befindet, wobei der erste und zweite Grad der Schallreduktion unterschiedlich sind, insbesondere wenigstens ein Delta von 3 dB Schalldruck bei einem definiert gewählten Messabstand aufweist. Mit einem ersten und zweiten Grad der Schallreduktion sind quasi ein geräuscharmer Modus A und ein geräuscharmer Modus B gemeint, während deren jeweiligen Modusphasen die Schallabstrahlung des Kraftfahrzeugs gegenüber dem Normalmodus reduziert ist und wobei sich der geräuscharme Modus A und der geräuscharme Modus B mit einem Delta von wenigstens 3 dB hinsichtlich deren Schallabstrahlung voneinander unterscheiden. Als Flächenabschnitt können Quadranten einer Karte und/oder Abschnitte eines GPS-Kartensystems verwendet werden. Alternativ hierzu kann das Kraftfahrzeug die Flächenabschnitte auch beispielsweise als innerorts und außerorts Anhand eines Scannens von Ortsschildern und/oder der Art der Umgebung (Gebäude und/oder landschaftliche Umgebung) erkennen und zuordnen/einordnen. Durch die Zuordnung des aktuellen Standorts des Fahrzeugs zu z.B. Innerorts und Außerorts kann hiervon abhängig ein geräuschärmerer Modus Innerorts und ein lediglich geräuscharmer Modus Außerorts aktiviert werden. Dieses Vorgehen kann sowohl dem höheren Lärmvermeidungsziel als auch der höheren Lärmreflektionsaspekt des jeweiligen Ortes geschuldet sein. So wird ein Schall in einem bebauten, städtischen Gebiet sich wesentlich stärker verbreiten bzw. der Schall subjektiv deutlicher wahrnehmbar sein.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a first degree of sound reduction is performed during the quiet mode, provided that the vehicle is in a first surface section and a second degree of sound reduction is performed during the quiet mode, provided the motor vehicle is located in a second surface portion, wherein the first and second degree of sound reduction are different, in particular at least one delta of 3 dB has a sound pressure at a defined selected measuring distance. By a first and second degree of sound reduction is meant a quasi-silent mode A and a low-noise mode B, during their respective mode phases, the sound emission of the motor vehicle is reduced from the normal mode, and the silent mode A and the silent mode B with a delta of differ by at least 3 dB with respect to their sound radiation. Quadrants of a map and / or sections of a GPS map system may be used as the area section become. As an alternative to this, the motor vehicle can also detect and allocate the surface sections, for example, as in-town and out-of-town scanning of town signs and / or the type of surroundings (buildings and / or landscape). By assigning the current location of the vehicle to, for example, inland and out-of-town, a quieter mode can be activated in-situ and a low-noise mode out of town. This approach may be due to both the higher noise avoidance objective and the higher noise reflection aspect of the particular location. Thus, sound in a built-up, urban area will spread much more strongly or the sound will be subjectively more clearly perceptible.
Ferner kann es vorgesehen sein, dass wenigstens ein erster Schwellwert zur Einleitung zumindest eines geräuscharmen Modus verwendet wird, wenn sich das Kraftfahrzeug in einem ersten Flächenabschnitt befindet und ein zweiter Schwellwert zur Einleitung zumindest eines geräuscharmen Modus verwendet wird, wenn sich das Kraftfahrzeug nicht in einem Flächenabschnitt befindet, wobei der erste und der zweite Schwellwert unterschiedlich sind. Damit kann neben dem im vorhergehenden Absatz beschriebenen Unterschied der Geräuschabstrahlung innerhalb des geräuschreduzierten Modus A und des geräuschreduzierten Modus B auch die Initiierung und Einleitung eines geräuscharmen Modus und/oder eines bestimmten geräuscharmen Modus von einer Ortsinformation und damit der Information, ob sich das Kraftfahrzeug in einem ersten oder zweiten Flächenabschnitt befindet abhängig gemacht werden. Beispielsweise beziehen sich die Ortsinformationen auf eine Zuordnung des Fahrzeugstandorts auf städtisches bzw. stark bebautes oder auf ländliches bzw. schwach bebautes Gebiet.Furthermore, provision can be made for at least one first threshold value to be used to initiate at least one quiet mode when the motor vehicle is in a first area section and a second threshold value is used for initiating at least one quiet mode when the motor vehicle is not in a surface section wherein the first and second thresholds are different. Thus, in addition to the difference described in the preceding paragraph, the noise emission within the noise-reduced mode A and the noise-reduced mode B, the initiation and initiation of a quiet mode and / or a certain low-noise mode of a location information and thus the information whether the motor vehicle in a first or second surface section is made dependent. For example, the location information refers to an assignment of the vehicle location to urban or heavily built-up areas, or to rural or weakly built-up areas.
Das Vorliegen des Kraftfahrzeugs in einem ersten oder zweiten oder weiteren Flächenabschnitt kann durch ein GPS-System, ein Ortungssystem, ein optisches System, ein Fahrzeugkommunikationssystem, ein Mobilfunkgerät, ein Smartphone, ein Rundfunksystem, ein Radarsystem, ein Infrarotsystem, ein Kartensystem und/oder durch eine manuelle Eingabe des Fahrers ermittelt und/oder festgelegt werden.The existence of the motor vehicle in a first or second or further surface section may be by a GPS system, a location system, an optical system, a vehicle communication system, a mobile device, a smartphone, a broadcasting system, a radar system, an infrared system, a card system and / or a manual input of the driver can be determined and / or determined.
Das optische System kann vorteilhafterweise Gebäude, Landschaften, Verkehrszeichen und/oder bewegliche Objekte im Umfeld des Fahrzeugs detektieren und ausgehend von diesen detektierten Objekten eine aus wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Umgebungskategorien auswählen und zuordnen, wobei abhängig von der ausgewählten bzw. zugeordneten Umgebungskategorien der Grad der Schallreduktion und/oder der Schwellwert zur Einleitung des geräuschreduzierten Modus varüert. Beispielsweise werden Fußgänger oder andere Verkehrsteilnehmer in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs detektiert, so dass hieraus eine Notwendigkeit der Einleitung des schallreduzierten Modus ableitbar ist. Damit könnte die Initiierung abhängig von potentiellen Lärmempfängern in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs abhängig gemacht werden.The optical system can advantageously detect buildings, landscapes, traffic signs and / or moving objects in the vicinity of the vehicle and select from these detected objects one of at least two different environmental categories and allocate, depending on the selected or associated environmental categories, the degree of sound reduction and / or the threshold for initiating the low-noise mode varies. For example, pedestrians or other road users in the vicinity of the vehicle are detected, so that a need for the initiation of the sound-reduced mode can be derived therefrom. Thus, the initiation could be made dependent on potential noise receivers in the vicinity of the vehicle.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme ist es, wenn der Grad der Schallreduktion und/oder der Schwellwert zur Einleitung des geräuschreduzierten Modus abhängig von den Werten eines Regensensors am Fahrzeug und/oder abhängig von der am Standort des Fahrzeugs zugeordneten Wetterbedingungen und/oder abhängig von den von einem optischen Sensor detektierten Wetterinformationen und/oder abhängig von der Schallreflektionseigenschaften der Umgebung und insbesondere der Fahrbahnen varüert. Beispielsweise kann auf einer nassen Straße, die sich unter anderem durch einen erhöhten Grad der Schallreflektion auszeichnet, ein frühzeitigeres Einleiten einer schallreduzierten Modusphase und/oder ein Einleiten einer "verstärkt" schallreduzierten Modusphase vorteilhaft sein. Damit wird in dieser vorteilhaften Ausführungsform abhängig von den außerhalb des Fahrzeugs herrschenden "akustischen Bedingungen" (Reflektionseigenschaften der Umgebung) eine Anpassung des geräuschreduzierten Modus (Startschwellwert, Grad der Geräuschreduktion, Modusdauer) vorgenommen.A further advantageous measure is when the degree of sound reduction and / or the threshold value for initiating the noise-reduced mode depends on the values of a rain sensor on the vehicle and / or depending on the weather conditions assigned to the location of the vehicle and / or depending on a optical sensor detected weather information and / or depending on the Schallreflektionseigenschaften the environment and in particular the roadways varüert. For example, on a wet road, which is characterized among other things by an increased degree of sound reflection, an earlier initiation of a sound-reduced mode phase and / or initiation of an "amplified" sound-reduced mode phase can be advantageous. Thus, in this advantageous embodiment, an adjustment of the noise-reduced mode (start threshold, degree of noise reduction, mode duration) is made dependent on the "acoustic conditions" prevailing outside the vehicle (reflection properties of the environment).
Es ist zudem möglich, im geräuschreduzierten Modus eine erhöhte Leistung und/oder höhere Drehbeschleunigung des Motors zu erreichen. Dies geht zu Lasten mindestens einer der Kenngrößen: Verbrauch, Rohabgasemissionen, thermische und/oder mechanische Belastung des Motors.It is also possible to achieve increased power and / or higher spin of the engine in the noise reduced mode. This is at the expense of at least one of the parameters: consumption, raw gas emissions, thermal and / or mechanical load of the engine.
Speziell kann dies dadurch erreicht werden, dass durch den Eingriff in den Brennverlauf der Zylinderdruck gesteigert wird und dabei, durch Beeinflussung der Mengen und/oder Zeiten der Voreinspritzung, eine Verringerung der Schallabstrahlung erreicht wird. Für diesen Fall ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem dementsprechend ausgelegt ist, dass die sich dann zumindest temporär ergebenden erhöhten Rohabgas-Emissionen umsetzbar bleiben. Damit ist insbesondere vor der Durchführung des geräuschreduzierten Modus eine direkte oder indirekte (Historie, Kontenmodelle) Abfrage des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems vorteilhaft, die dann die Information bereitstellt, ob und ggf. wie lange ein schallabstrahlreduzierter Modus gefahren werden kann unter Einhaltung der Abgasgrenzwerte. Ein Kontenmodell kann den zeitlichen Verlauf von Parametern der Abgasnachbehandlung in Form von Addition und Subtraktion definierter Beträge abbilden und daraus Aussagen zu der Leistungsfähigkeit bzw. der Dauer einer benötigten Leistungsfähigkeit des Abgasnachbehandlungssystems bereitstellen.Specifically, this can be achieved by increasing the cylinder pressure through the intervention in the combustion process and thereby, by influencing the quantities and / or times of pilot injection, a reduction of the sound radiation is achieved. In this case, it is advantageous if the exhaust aftertreatment system is designed accordingly that the then at least temporarily resulting increased raw exhaust gas emissions remain implementable. In this way, a direct or indirect (history, account models) query of the exhaust aftertreatment system is advantageous, in particular before the implementation of the noise-reduced mode, which then provides the information as to whether and, if so, how long a sound-emission-reduced mode can be operated while maintaining the exhaust gas limit values. An account model can map the time course of parameters of the exhaust gas aftertreatment in the form of addition and subtraction of defined amounts and thereby provide statements on the performance or the duration of a required performance of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die temporären Anstiege der thermischen und mechanischen Belastung der Motorbauteile bei deren Auslegung berücksichtigt werden. Auch kann ähnlich zu der Historie und/oder dem Kontenmodell der Abgasnachbehandlung eine Berücksichtigung der Belastung der mechanischen Bauteile vor dem Start des geräuschreduzierten Modus vorgesehen sein. Zum Beispiel kann ein Start des geräuschreduzierten Modus unterbunden werden, wenn kurz vorher die Bauteile des Motors einer hohen thermischen Belastung (Volllastbetrieb) ausgesetzt waren, um ein Materialversagen wegen einer andauernden hohen Belastung der Bauteile zu vermeiden.Alternatively or additionally, the temporary increases in the thermal and mechanical load of the engine components can be taken into account in their design. Also, similarly to the history and / or the account model of the exhaust gas aftertreatment, a consideration of the loading of the mechanical components may be provided before the start of the noise reduced mode. For example, start of the noise reduced mode may be inhibited if the components of the engine have recently been subjected to a high thermal load (full load operation) to avoid material failure due to a continuous high load of the components.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann durch eine Erhöhung des Einspritzdruckes eine Minimierung der Zündverzugszeit erreicht werden, wodurch die Geräuschabstrahlung abgesenkt werden kann. Auch diese Maßnahme führt zu einer Steigerung der mechanischen Belastung der Motorbauteile und kann dabei verbrauchsneutral geschehen.Additionally or alternatively, by increasing the injection pressure, a minimization of the ignition delay time can be achieved, whereby the noise emission can be lowered. This measure also leads to an increase in the mechanical load of the engine components and can be done consumption-neutral.
Der Erfindungsgegenstand erstreckt sich nicht nur auf ein gegenständlich beschriebenes Kraftfahrzeug, sondern auch allgemein auf ein Verfahren zur Beeinflussung der Schallabstrahlung eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit den oben genannten Merkmalen. Die Erfindung ist anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in den Zeichnungsfiguren näher erläutert.The subject invention extends not only to an objectively described motor vehicle, but also generally to a method for influencing the sound emission of a motor vehicle having the above features. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment in the drawing figures.
Claims (15)
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DE102012004585A DE102012004585A1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2012-03-09 | Schallabstrahlreduziertes motor vehicle |
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