EP2528453A1 - Procede de trituration reactive des graines de jatropha - Google Patents
Procede de trituration reactive des graines de jatrophaInfo
- Publication number
- EP2528453A1 EP2528453A1 EP11706876A EP11706876A EP2528453A1 EP 2528453 A1 EP2528453 A1 EP 2528453A1 EP 11706876 A EP11706876 A EP 11706876A EP 11706876 A EP11706876 A EP 11706876A EP 2528453 A1 EP2528453 A1 EP 2528453A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seeds
- esters
- jatropha
- cake
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the reactive trituration of Jatropha seeds which makes it possible, starting from specifically conditioned Jatropha seeds and in the presence of light alcohol and basic catalyst, to carry out in a single step the trituration and the transesterification reaction.
- triglycerides present in the oil Jatropha to lead to the simultaneous obtaining of a cake, glycerol and fatty acid esters. These are mainly intended for the manufacture of biodiesel.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a completely detoxified cake.
- the cakes obtained by the method of treating Jatropha seeds (in particular Jatropha curcas L.) according to the invention retain a nutritional interest and can be directly used in animal feed, without constituting a risk to the health of the people who handle them. .
- the genus Jatropha includes several species known for the irritating properties of their seeds in humans and animals. These are tropical plants grown in Latin America, Asia and Africa and used mainly as hedges. Their potential nutritional and technical applications, including soil erosion control and biodiesel preparation, are now limited by their toxicity.
- Jatropha seeds are rich in oil and protein, but they are highly toxic and incompatible with human or animal consumption.
- the toxic and anti-nutritional compounds of Jatropha include curcine (a lectin), fiavonoids, trypsin inhibitors, saponins, phytates and phorbol esters. Lectin and the activity of trypsin inhibitors can be removed by heat treatment.
- the high concentrations of phorbol esters, which are thermally stable, remain the main source of toxicity of the oil extracted from Jatropha seeds and cakes. Indeed, this family of compounds is known for its adverse biological effects in humans and animals, particularly in the inflammation and the promotion of tumors. Phorbol esters do not induce tumors by themselves. same, but facilitate the growth of tumors after exposure to doses considered as non-carcinogenic of a carcinogenic compound.
- the phorbol ester content varies among the different varieties of Jatropha, as shown by the study by Makkar H. P. S et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45: 8, 1997, 3152-3157.
- the data presented in Table 4 show that these compounds were detected in most varieties tested. There is a variety where phorbol esters are almost absent, Jatropha grown in Mexico, while other varieties are more or less rich in these compounds (especially Jatropha from Kenya or Portugal).
- Jatropha meal in animal feed can only be ensured if the elimination of toxic and anti-nutritional compounds can be guaranteed.
- the toxic effects of Jatropha seeds on animals appear to be dose-related, as shown in the publication of S.E.I. Adam, Toxicol. 2: 67-76, 1974.
- the data presented in Table 1 of Vet. Pathol. 16: 476-482, 1979 show that death of animals fed Jatropha seeds occurs after several days, probably due to a cumulative effect of the toxic compounds.
- Jatropha It is therefore desirable to have a method of treating seeds of Jatropha, and more generally of any seed containing toxic compounds such as phorbol esters and / or curcine or other toxic proteins such as crotin (present in particular in the seeds of Croton tiglium) and abrin (in the seeds A'Abrus precatorius), said method for inactivating, in a simple and inexpensive way these toxic compounds, which would then make possible on the one hand, safe handling by humans and, on the other hand, the use of the meal, especially Jatropha, in animal feed.
- This is particularly important for the economies of the major producing countries of Jatropha oil (India, Madagascar, Brazil), because if Jatropha oil has multiple industrial uses, Jatropha oilcake can not yet find use on an industrial scale, particularly because of the toxicity problems mentioned above.
- the present invention proposes to provide a Jatropha seed treatment method which limits the number of seed processing steps and the handling of the cake, for continuous industrial application to produce fatty acid esters. , and that allows to destroy "at the source” the toxin (curcine) and the phorbols esters present in the Jatropha seeds, if possible by maintaining a nutritional value to the cake.
- the other advantage of the process versus the conventional processes lies in the small amounts of water used.
- the refining operations of raw oil for example are very greedy in water. This water saving is a major asset in the development of this technology in developing countries and to a lesser extent in rich countries as water tends to become an increasingly expensive commodity.
- the subject of the invention is a process for treating seeds containing toxic components such as curcine, abrin, crotin and / or phorbol esters, in particular Jatropha seeds, said seeds preferably having a level of acidity less than or equal to 3 mg KOH / g, said process comprising the following steps:
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to react "in planta” the light alcohol with the oil contained in the heart of the seed.
- the alcohol plays both the role of solvent and reagent.
- the seeds are conditioned by a sequence of operations including a flattening step and a drying step thereof.
- said flattening step comprises a triple smooth roll flattening, in particular for the hardest seeds such as Jatropha seeds.
- the process according to the invention can lead directly to obtaining a detoxified cake.
- the cake is subjected to an additional drying step under conditions of temperature and time sufficient to inactivate Curcine and to decompose the phorbol esters.
- the cake thus treated loses its harmful character and can be handled safely by humans for use in animal feed.
- Jatropha seeds is intended to mean seeds of Jatropha plants, alone or as a mixture with seeds from at least one other oleaginous, oleoprotein or proteinaceous plant, the seeds or the mixture. seeds producing an oil containing at least 40% by weight of oleic acid. It would not go beyond the scope of the invention when the seeds used in the process according to the invention come in whole or in part from genetically modified plants.
- Oleaginous plants are grown specifically for their high-fat oil-rich seeds or fruits from which food, energy or industrial oil is extracted.
- Protein plants belong to the botanical group of legumes whose seeds are rich in proteins.
- Oil-protein crops are legumes whose seeds also contain oil.
- Jatropha cake having both:
- a detoxification rate of Curcine of at least 90% and preferably at least 95%, in activity, when this level is measured by means of a quantitative test, or of 100% when this rate is measured by means of a qualitative test;
- a decomposition rate of the phorbol esters of at least 95% and preferably at least 99%, in activity, when this level is measured by means of a quantitative test, or by 100% when this rate is measured by means of a qualitative test.
- a phorbol ester content of 0.11 mg / g corresponds to an edible cake (non-toxic).
- Animal feed specialists generally estimate that for a content of 0.3 mg / g phorbol esters, the meal is detoxified and can be used in animal feed, especially in a mixture with other materials. food.
- the detoxified cakes according to the invention therefore have a phorbol ester content of at most 0.3 mg per g, preferably at most 0.11 mg per g of caked meal.
- Curcine "detoxification rate” means the mass percentage of inactivated toxin in the meal.
- composition rate phorbol esters is meant the mass percentage of phorbol esters decomposed in the oil.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the treatment of seeds containing toxic components such as curcine, abrin, crotin and / or phorbol esters, in particular Jatropha seeds, alone or in mixtures with seeds derived from at least one other oleaginous, oleo-proteinaceous or proteaginous plant, said seeds preferably having an acidity level of less than or equal to 3 mg OH / g, said process comprising the following steps:
- a step of conditioning the seeds without prior shelling i) a step of conditioning the seeds without prior shelling; ii) a step of contacting the conditioned seeds with an anhydrous light alcohol and an alkaline catalyst under conditions of temperature and duration sufficient to allow the simultaneous extraction and transesterification of the vegetable oil and leading to the production of a mixture comprising esters of fatty acids and glycerol, and a cake, characterized in that the seeds are conditioned by a series of operations comprising a flattening step and a drying step thereof.
- Jatropha seeds Another peculiarity of Jatropha seeds is related to their high toxicity, due in particular to the presence of curcine and phorbol esters. After extracting the oil, curcine concentrates in the cakes and the phorbol esters are concentrated in the oil and / or in the esters, making their manipulation by humans problematic, even dangerous.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to solve simultaneously many problems related to the transesterification of Jatropha oil.
- This process advantageously makes it possible to pass directly from the seed to the esters of fatty acids, avoiding the steps of trituration, refining, purification and the production of by-products.
- the fatty acid esters obtained by the process according to the invention are particularly suitable for the preparation of biodiesel, as mentioned above.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a fraction rich in fatty acid esters which is devoid of toxicity and therefore usable without risk, in particular for the manufacture of biodiesel.
- the process leads to the production of detoxified cakes, which can be handled safely by humans and can be used in animal feed without risk of poisoning for animals.
- the first step of the process according to the invention consists in conditioning the Jatropha seeds, used alone or mixed with other plant seeds. oleaginous, oil-protein or protein crops. This conditioning is done on whole seeds. It comprises a first operation of flattening the seeds, followed by a drying operation of the flattened seeds.
- the objective of the seed conditioning is to make the oil as accessible as possible to alcohol, without, however, greatly affecting its mechanical strength. This avoids the formation of a paste and fines, respectively detrimental to the implementation of a continuous process and the final purification of the esters produced. Moreover, the conditioned seed must allow easy passage of the reaction fluid (alcohol mixture - basic catalyst) according to a simple phenomenon of percolation.
- the fresh seeds are flattened on a mechanical flattener with smooth or fluted rollers.
- the seeds thus flattened are dried, for example in a thermoregulated ventilated oven or in a continuous belt dryer or rotary hot air.
- the drying time and the temperature are chosen so as to obtain a decrease in the moisture content of the seeds at values of less than or equal to 2% by weight.
- the drying is carried out rapidly after flattening, in less than one hour, preferably after 5 to 10 minutes, at a temperature sufficient to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to 2% by weight or less.
- the residual moisture of the seed is determined by thermogravimetry.
- the seed is first milled, then the ground material obtained is dried at 105 ° C. in a thermobalance until the weight is stabilized.
- the water content is expressed as a percentage of the raw material.
- the seed conditioning step i) further comprises a step of preheating the seeds, carried out before the flattening operation.
- This preheating operation gives the seed a greater plasticity and therefore a more effective crushing during flattening (gain at the contact surface, the rate of percolation of the alcohol and therefore its extractive capacity). It preferably takes place at a temperature of less than or equal to 100 ° C.
- the seeds packaged as described above are brought into contact with an anhydrous light alcohol and an alkaline catalyst under conditions of temperature and duration sufficient to allow the extraction and transesterification of the vegetable oil. and resulting in a mixture comprising esters of fatty acids and glycerol, and a cake.
- the light alcohol used in step ii) is a lower aliphatic alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol, and preferably is methanol.
- an organic solvent (co-solvent) miscible or immiscible with said light alcohol is also added to the reaction medium.
- co-solvent mention may be made of: hexane, heptane, benzene, bicyclohexyl, cyclohexane, decalin, decane, hexane (Texsolve C), gasoline, petroleum ether, kerosene, kerdane , gas oil, kerosene, methylcyclohexane, Texsolve S or S-66, Naphtha (Texsolve V), Skellite, Tetradecane, Texsolve (B, C, H, S, S-2, S-66, S- LO, V), supercritical CO 2 , propane or butane pressurized, natural solvents such as terpenes (limonene, alpha and beta pinene, etc.), ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ketones such
- the basic catalyst used in the process is chosen from the group: sodium hydroxide, alcoholic sodium hydroxide, solid sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alcoholic potassium hydroxide, solid potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium methoxide, sodium or potassium ethylate, sodium propylate and sodium hydroxide. potassium, isopropylate of sodium and potassium.
- the reaction takes place in a fixed bed reactor.
- the fixed bed reactor is a thermoregulated percolation column equipped with a grid.
- a pump makes it possible to supply the column with a basic alcohol-catalyst mixture.
- the alcohol and catalyst are thus added simultaneously in the reactor, which is maintained at a temperature ranging from 30 to 75 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 50 ° C T preferably less than 45 ° C, preferably about equal at 40 ° C.
- the catalyst / alcohol / seed mass ratio is preferably in the range 0.001 to 0.01 / 0.1 to 5/1, preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 / 0.1 to 1/1, even more preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 / 0.1 to 0.5 / 1.
- a catalyst content of less than 0.001, or even less than 0.005 does not make it possible to obtain detoxified cake, and conversely a content greater than 0.01 results in saponification and a poor yield of esters.
- the feeding is carried out at the head of bed; the reaction liquid then percolates through the bed and is recovered in a reserve located downstream, under the bed. By pumping, the liquid is returned to the headboard to diffuse back into the bed.
- the duration of the recirculation cycle of the alcohol / catalyst mixture is from 15 to 60 minutes, preferably from 20 to 40 minutes.
- the liquid supply is stopped. Part of the liquid still present in the soaked seeds is then recovered by simple dripping.
- the column is supplied with anhydrous alcohol which diffuses again by percolation without subsequent recirculation of the alcohol.
- the alcohol extraction is carried out in 3 to 9 stages.
- the amount of solvent is injected during a given period (of the order of 4 to 10 minutes), the liquid then being drained for a period of 10 to 20 minutes.
- the recovered liquid can undergo a neutralization step by addition of acid, then a step of evaporation of the alcohol, to lead to a mixture of phases consisting of a lighter phase rich in esters and a denser phase rich in glycerol . None of these phases contain curcine.
- the phase mixture is subjected to a decantation step (consisting, for example, of a static decantation in one or more decanters in parallel or in series, centrifugal decantation, combination of static or centrifugal decantation), making it possible to obtain a higher phase composed predominantly of fatty acid esters of fatty acid
- ester phase and a lower phase mainly composed of glycerine and water
- the ester phase is then subjected to a sequence of chemical reactions and / or separations / purifications aimed at recovering the fatty esters, comprising, in a known manner, a washing step with water followed by a drying step under vacuum.
- the fatty acid ester thus obtained is intended in particular for the preparation of biodiesel.
- the other product resulting directly from the process according to the invention is the Jatropha cake.
- the lean meal impregnated with alcohol is dried, for example in a ventilated oven, for 4 hours, at a temperature of less than or equal to 200 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 150 ° C. and even more preferably less than or equal to 120 ° C.
- This drying step also aims to destroy the curcine remaining in the cake.
- this drying step makes it possible to remove from the cake the solvent (alcohol) used during the extraction.
- the method according to the invention does not include a step of drying the cake at a high temperature (temperature above 120 ° C.);
- curcine can be inactivated thanks to physical and / or chemical treatments applied to Jatropha seeds during the conditioning and extraction / transesterification steps described above, so that the operation of drying the cake at high temperatures becomes unnecessary.
- the method comprises only a step of drying the cake at temperatures below 120 ° C, intended to remove the solvent (alcohol) used during the extraction, to allow the use of the cake in the feed animal.
- the quantitative test for determining the toxicity of oilcakes and liquid phases recovered after the transesterification extraction step is the acute oral toxicity test.
- Makkar H.P.S et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45: 8, 1997, 3152-3157 discloses a quantitative test of curcine (haemagglutination test) as well as a quantitative assay method for phorbol esters (successive extractions with dichloromethane, followed by HPLC analysis) .
- the process according to the invention can easily be carried out continuously on an industrial scale, for example by means of: a continuously operating mobile-strip extractor reactor (De Smet extractor type); a rotary filter or centrifuge.
- a continuously operating mobile-strip extractor reactor (De Smet extractor type); a rotary filter or centrifuge.
- the reactive trituration with methanol is carried out against the current of the cake, on several consecutive stages.
- the alcohol extraction is carried out in 3 to 9 stages.
- the reactive trituration process according to the invention is particularly well suited to seed mixtures, such as soya beans, castor beans, safflower seeds and rapeseed.
- seed mixtures such as soya beans, castor beans, safflower seeds and rapeseed.
- Jatropha cake which can not be used pure but mixed with other protein crops, is then directly mixed with other protein sources.
- a starting mixture of Jatropha seeds (rich in oil) and soybean seeds (high in protein) in a ratio of 1: 10 leads, by the method according to the invention, to a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids containing 15 to 40% by weight of oleic acid methyl ester, particularly suitable for use as a biofuel.
- the method of reactive seed trituration according to the invention has many advantages.
- the specific seed conditioning step it is possible to increase the contact surface for a better percolation of the alcohol-catalyst mixture and thus a better lipid extraction and transformation. consecutive esters. No prior impregnation of the packaged seeds is necessary.
- the ester fraction obtained from the mixture comprising fatty acid esters and glycerol is particularly suitable for the manufacture of biodiesel.
- the cakes are obtained directly from the seeds, according to the process of the invention. These cakes are devoid of toxicity to humans and can therefore be handled safely. In addition, these cakes retain their physical integrity (cohesion, mechanical strength) and have an interesting nutritional value, which allows their use in animal feed.
- Phorbol ester content mg / g 3.6
- Jatropha seed is consistent with the literature (Biodiesel & Jatropha Cultivation, S. Lele, 2006). Its acidity less than 2 mg KOH / g allows implementation in the process according to the invention.
- the jatropha seed belongs to the toxic varieties.
- the liquid phase obtained is subjected to decantation to recover firstly a lighter phase rich in esters and a denser phase rich in glycerol.
- the yield of esters is 77.2%.
- the cake obtained is subjected to drying in a ventilated oven at 120 ° C. for 4 hours. It is noted that the lean meal is relatively well exhausted, with a residual fat content of 5.4% (determined according to the NF ISO 659 standard).
- Tests carried out to determine the toxicity in the cake show that the meal is detoxified.
- test the reactivity of the Jatropha seed tests are carried out in a stirred-bed closed reactor in which the reaction is carried out on a crushed seed.
- the stirred bed reaction is carried out under the following conditions: 1. Dry the entire seed at 100 ° C for 16h.
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the amount of dry extract of the miscella obtained represents only 34% of the theoretical amount expected.
- this dry extract is on the one hand not biphasic (absence of glycerin) and on the other hand, has a neutral pH. Therefore, under these conditions, the extractability and reactivity of the lipids are not optimal.
- the flakes are then dried for 16 hours at 100 ° C.
- the flakes are introduced into the brewing column.
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the method of preparation of the flakes is improved in order to reduce the loss of fat in the cake. Flaking is carried out under the following conditions:
- the flakes are then dried for 16 hours at 100 ° C.
- the flakes are introduced into the brewing column.
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of 1 theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the triple flattening provides a plus in terms of lipid extractibility since in the presence of at least 0.8% of catlyseur, the yield of dry extract is greater than 96%.
- the ester of the 10-E12 test is low acid and low in monoglycerides and meets these criteria to a biodiesel quality.
- the final acidity of the esters decreases with the amount of basic catalyst involved;
- the flakes are introduced into the brewing column.
- miscella are grouped together and sent for distillation (90 ° C, 100mbar).
- the crude glycerin is treated with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid where the acid represents 5% of the mass of crude glycerin and the water represents 100% of the glycerine mass.
- the mixture is stirred at 90 ° C for 30min.
- the mixture is then separated by decantation.
- the fatty phase (fatty acids) is washed to neutrality and dried under vacuum (90 ° C., 100 mbar).
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the medium is too saponifying since the reaction medium is in a non-extractable pasty form (soaps);
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the yield of dry extract is the ratio of the dry extract obtained after evaporation of the miscella on the sum of the theoretical ester and the theoretical glycerine.
- the liquid samples are diluted in methanol and then injected.
- the phorbol esters are first pounded and mortared in the presence of methanol.
- the alcoholic extracts obtained are then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.
- EP phorbol esters
- the EPs seem to have a relative affinity for the lipophilic compounds (methyl ester phase); - the residual content in the meal is 0.3 mg / g, that is to say very close to the values of the Mexican non-toxic varieties (0.1 mg / g). There is therefore a positive and detoxifying effect of the process according to the invention.
- the process according to the invention leads to a cake with a low EP content (0.3 mg / g), whereas the methyl esters capture 50% of the
- the Jatropha seed is milled by pressure to obtain a raw pressure oil and a fat cake.
- the seed is crushed on a fluted roller flattener
- the flakes are then sent to the Taby press, which is heated without a die.
- the crude pressure oil obtained is then filtered on cellulose filter 1 ⁇
- the mixture is then stirred for 10 minutes.
- the temperature is then raised to 75 ° C. and maintained for 30 minutes.
- the mixture is then centrifuged for 5 minutes at 4500 rpm
- the dephosphorized oil is neutralized with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide composed of 6% water (relative to the mass of oil) and sodium hydroxide necessary to neutralize all of the free fatty acids with an excess of 5%.
- the soda solution is added to the dephthalated oil heated to 75 ° C, the mixture is maintained for 10 minutes. The temperature is then increased to 90 ° C for 30 minutes. The mixture is then centrifuged for 5 min at 4500 rpm in order to eliminate the heavy soapy phase. The oil is then washed until neutrality with demineralized water by successive additions of 20% water with stirring for 5 min and centrifugation for 5 min at 4500 rpm. The oil is then dried under vacuum at 90 ° C (20mbar)
- the semi-refined oil is then trans-esterified with methanol in the presence of a basic catalyst.
- the semi-refined oil is brought into contact with anhydrous methanol in a mass ratio oil / methanol of 5/1;
- ester phase is then washed with deionized water until neutral (each washing is carried out with stirring for 15 min at 90 ° C.).
- esters are finally dried under vacuum at 90 ° C. (20 mbar).
- TriGlyceride content (%) ARKEMA - 0,0
- the pressure cake is heavily loaded with EP compared to the cake resulting from the process according to the invention, approximately 12 times more charged. It should be noted in passing that the PE balance for oil cake and pressure oil is slightly in excess (+ 10%);
- methanolysis results in a loss of 60% of the EP of the semi-refined oil.
- esters obtained are identical in EP to the esters resulting from the process according to the invention.
- the reactive trituration process according to the invention in particular with methanol, and preferably in the presence of co-solvent and / or a flake prepared by triple-flattening of the seed, makes it possible to pass directly from seeds of jatropha to fatty acid esters with a yield greater than 70% or even greater than 80% and simultaneously to obtain a detoxified cake containing at most 0.03 mg / g of phorbol esters, a content compatible with the use of the meal in animal feed.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1050486A FR2955589B1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | Procede de trituration reactive des graines de jatropha |
PCT/FR2011/050155 WO2011092430A1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-01-26 | Procede de trituration reactive des graines de jatropha |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2528453A1 true EP2528453A1 (fr) | 2012-12-05 |
Family
ID=42549432
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11706876A Withdrawn EP2528453A1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-01-26 | Procede de trituration reactive des graines de jatropha |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20130052328A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2528453A1 (fr) |
CN (2) | CN102802433A (fr) |
AP (1) | AP3670A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012018633A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2955589B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2012008616A (fr) |
PH (1) | PH12012501688A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011092430A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR2980669B1 (fr) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-09-27 | Arkema France | Procede d'extraction a partir de graines de lesquerella |
CN102659583A (zh) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-09-12 | 四川大学 | 从麻疯树种子中提取分离纯化佛波酯的方法 |
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US6712867B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2004-03-30 | Biox Corporation | Process for production of fatty acid methyl esters from fatty acid triglycerides |
CN100502679C (zh) * | 2004-06-14 | 2009-06-24 | 杨卢松 | 一种植物蛋白生产方法 |
CN101085718A (zh) * | 2007-07-11 | 2007-12-12 | 华东理工大学 | 超临界脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法 |
FR2919303B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-24 | 2012-11-30 | Jean Pierre Esterez | Procede de preparation d'esters d'acides gras a partir de flocon de graines oleagineuses. |
GB0725194D0 (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2008-01-30 | Desmet Ballestra Engineering S | Process for producing biodiesel with improved filtration characteristics and biodiesel thus produced |
GB0822805D0 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-01-21 | D1 Oils Plc | Methods for detoxifying oil seed crops |
EP2229820B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-12 | 2013-07-03 | Harinder Makkar | Procédé de détoxification de composants végétaux |
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2010
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2011
- 2011-01-26 PH PH1/2012/501688A patent/PH12012501688A1/en unknown
- 2011-01-26 AP AP2012006452A patent/AP3670A/xx active
- 2011-01-26 US US13/575,415 patent/US20130052328A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-26 WO PCT/FR2011/050155 patent/WO2011092430A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-01-26 CN CN2011800158950A patent/CN102802433A/zh active Pending
- 2011-01-26 BR BRBR112012018633-7A patent/BR112012018633A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-01-26 MX MX2012008616A patent/MX2012008616A/es unknown
- 2011-01-26 EP EP11706876A patent/EP2528453A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-01-26 CN CN201611203729.4A patent/CN107011990A/zh active Pending
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See also references of WO2011092430A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2955589B1 (fr) | 2013-03-29 |
CN107011990A (zh) | 2017-08-04 |
US20130052328A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
FR2955589A1 (fr) | 2011-07-29 |
MX2012008616A (es) | 2012-08-15 |
CN102802433A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
BR112012018633A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
AP3670A (en) | 2016-04-15 |
WO2011092430A1 (fr) | 2011-08-04 |
PH12012501688A1 (en) | 2012-11-05 |
AP2012006452A0 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
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