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EP2473655A1 - Fiber for artificial turf - Google Patents

Fiber for artificial turf

Info

Publication number
EP2473655A1
EP2473655A1 EP10731801A EP10731801A EP2473655A1 EP 2473655 A1 EP2473655 A1 EP 2473655A1 EP 10731801 A EP10731801 A EP 10731801A EP 10731801 A EP10731801 A EP 10731801A EP 2473655 A1 EP2473655 A1 EP 2473655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
artificial turf
fiber
carpets
curved
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10731801A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2473655B1 (en
Inventor
Emanuele Testa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mondo SpA
Original Assignee
Mondo SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mondo SpA filed Critical Mondo SpA
Publication of EP2473655A1 publication Critical patent/EP2473655A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2473655B1 publication Critical patent/EP2473655B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G1/00—Artificial flowers, fruit, leaves, or trees; Garlands
    • A41G1/009—Artificial grass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • the following invention relates to a fiber for artificial turf, being of the type of fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets, by weaving the fibers, such that the essential object is to obtain a fiber with some resilient characteristics which make it recover its vertical position after being compressed, occasionally or temporarily, maintaining its original appearance for a long time.
  • the extruded monofilament fiber manufactured with polyolefins in polyethylene has a certain cross section, and the height of the fibers forming the turf carpets present a certain length.
  • the fibers forming the artificial turf carpet are allowed to recover their vertical position after being subjected to successive loads.
  • a fiber for artificial turf is described, of special application in manufacturing artificial fiber carpets for turf in the installation of fields for different sports, such as soccer, golf, rugby, or hockey.
  • the fiber for artificial turf is equally applied to other uses, such as gardens, access roads, or decoration.
  • the monofilament fibers should have high resilience which makes them recover their vertical position after having been occasionally or temporarily compressed over time, preventing the fibers staying tilted over the ground.
  • a synthetic turf having a substrate and a plurality of turf filaments made of synthetic polymer anchored to the substrate, said filaments having a diamond-shaped cross section, with a longitudinal axis along from one end to another end, and a lateral axis located in the middle, so that the thickness of the filament gradually decreases from said lateral axis, substantially, symmetrically and smoothly over the longitudinal axis toward each end.
  • a synthetic turf comprising a turf carpet and some knots projecting therefrom, the knots comprise individual filament strands and at least one shredded strand and, at least, a number of said strands consists essentially of a mixture of high density polyethylene and low density linear polyethylene.
  • an artificial turf filament wherein the filament has, in cross section, a central area and two wing areas in the opposite sides of said central area, and with a divergent orientation, such that an outward protruding head is formed at one side of the divergent areas of the central area, and at the far side from the divergent areas, the central area, has a face which is essentially aligned in the place of said central area and which is merged to the adjacent faces of each wing area.
  • a fiber for artificial turf being of the type of monofilament fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets, by weaving the fibers and which are obtained by extrusion in polyethylene or another material, such that the fiber for artificial turf presents a flat rectangular cross section with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection, and in its other longer face is provided with a pair of projections, equally curved-convex, in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis.
  • the fiber for artificial turf has a width of approximately 1400 ⁇ .
  • the fibers for artificial turf which form the carpets have a height of approximately 60 mm.
  • the thickness of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same for all of them, such that in a preferred implementation the thickness of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is of approximately 270 ⁇ .
  • Figure 1 Shows a perspective view of a segment of a fiber for artificial turf, being able to observe the cross section thereof.
  • Figure 2 Shows a detailed perspective view of some weaved fibers forming the corresponding carpet for artificial turf.
  • Figure 3 Shows a results table of the recovery index of the fibers, with different cross sections, to be analyzed, with a height of 60 mm, according to the elapsed time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes from its release from a compressive load.
  • Figure 4 Shows an evolution table of the fibers in their recovery over time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes after their release from a compressive load, according to the recovery index of the analyzed fibers with a height of 60 mm.
  • Figure 5. Shows a classification table of the analyzed fibers according to a height of 60 mm, according to the elapsed time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes, after their release from a compressive load.
  • the section of the fiber object of the invention has been subjected to an analysis together with three more samples of different sections, so that the cross section of the fiber 1 object of the invention (corresponding to the sample of section 3) presents a flat rectangular general shape with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection 2, and in its other longer face is provided with a pair of curved-convex projections 3 in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis.
  • the special section of the sample 3 based on the curved-convex projections of its longer faces confer it with high resilience, in which the height of the fiber forming the artificial turf carpets collaborates.
  • the fiber 1 for forming artificial turf carpets has a width "D" of approximately 1400 ⁇ .
  • the thickness "d" of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same in all of them, such that in a preferred implementation is of approximately 270 ⁇ .
  • fibers 1 forming the weaved bundles of the artificial turf carpet will have a height preferably of 60 mm, although, logically, the height could be another one.
  • the method is specified based on applying to the samples a constant compressive load of 1400 kg during 72 hours, such that, once said time is elapsed, the load is released and images of the same zone are captured after 1 , 30 and 240 minutes.
  • a constant compressive load of 1400 kg during 72 hours, such that, once said time is elapsed, the load is released and images of the same zone are captured after 1 , 30 and 240 minutes.
  • an image has also been taken in order to know and define the total area occupied by the fibers, this value corresponding to 100% of the fibers in their state of equilibrium.
  • the captured images are analyzed for each one of the times and the area occupied by the fibers is calculated, assigning 100% recovery to the initial area occupied by the fibers before applying the load, such that calculating the recovery index is carried out applying the following ratio
  • the results of the recovery index have been obtained for the carpets formed of some fibers with a height of 60 mm, shown in the table of figure 3, after a time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes of being released from the load, being able to observe how the sample of section 3 presents a recovery index of 100% already at 30 minutes of releasing the load.
  • FIG. 5 of the designs the evolution of the recovery index of the four analyzed samples is depicted at a fiber height of 60 mm, being able to observe how the sample 3 object of the invention is the one having a greater recovery index.
  • a fiber 1 for forming carpets for artificial turf with a flat rectangular general cross section with its shorter sides rounded, and in the central part of its longer faces provided with a curved-convex projection 2, and in its other longer face provided with a pair of curved-convex projections 3 in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis, presents high resilience making the fibers forming the artificial turf carpets to recover their vertical position after being subjected to some successive compressive loads and making them to maintain their original aesthetics over time.
  • the fiber 1 for forming artificial turf carpets has a width "D" of approximately 1400 ⁇ .
  • the thickness "d" of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same for all of them, such that in a preferred implementation is of approximately 270 ⁇ .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Fiber for artificial turf, being of the type of monofilament fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets and which are obtained by extrusion with polyolefins, in polyethylene or another material, the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf presenting a flat rectangular general cross section with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection (2), and in its other longer face is provided with a pair of curved-convex projections (3) in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis, with which a fiber is obtained for artificial turf with high resilience which facilitates its recovery against successive occasional or temporary loads, maintaining its original appearance for a longer time.

Description

FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The following invention, according to what is expressed in the statement of the present specification, relates to a fiber for artificial turf, being of the type of fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets, by weaving the fibers, such that the essential object is to obtain a fiber with some resilient characteristics which make it recover its vertical position after being compressed, occasionally or temporarily, maintaining its original appearance for a long time.
For that purpose, the extruded monofilament fiber manufactured with polyolefins in polyethylene, has a certain cross section, and the height of the fibers forming the turf carpets present a certain length.
In this manner, the fibers forming the artificial turf carpet are allowed to recover their vertical position after being subjected to successive loads.
FIELD OF APPLICATION
In the present specification, a fiber for artificial turf is described, of special application in manufacturing artificial fiber carpets for turf in the installation of fields for different sports, such as soccer, golf, rugby, or hockey.
In the same way, the fiber for artificial turf is equally applied to other uses, such as gardens, access roads, or decoration.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As it is known, each day there are more organizations and sports clubs opting to provide their installations, with playing fields for different sports, with artificial turf as an alternative to natural grass turf since they require less maintenance and to offer a sensation similar to the one of natural grass turf and to present improvements, such as, an artificial turf field can be used all year round, and the natural grass turf fields by requiring a recovery period in which they cannot be used. These artificial turf carpets are manufactured by weaving the artificial fibers.
On the other hand, with the object to obtain artificial turf carpets with fibers that maintain their characteristics over time, the monofilament fibers should have high resilience which makes them recover their vertical position after having been occasionally or temporarily compressed over time, preventing the fibers staying tilted over the ground.
In this manner, it has been attempted to obtain fibers made of different materials and sections with the object to provide them with high resilience, being able to consider the patent documents US 6,432,505; EP 1837423, and PCT WO2005/005731 .
In this way, in the American patent US 6,432,505, a synthetic turf is described having a substrate and a plurality of turf filaments made of synthetic polymer anchored to the substrate, said filaments having a diamond-shaped cross section, with a longitudinal axis along from one end to another end, and a lateral axis located in the middle, so that the thickness of the filament gradually decreases from said lateral axis, substantially, symmetrically and smoothly over the longitudinal axis toward each end.
In the European patent EP 1837423, a synthetic turf is described comprising a turf carpet and some knots projecting therefrom, the knots comprise individual filament strands and at least one shredded strand and, at least, a number of said strands consists essentially of a mixture of high density polyethylene and low density linear polyethylene.
In the patent PCT WO2005/005731 , an artificial turf filament is described wherein the filament has, in cross section, a central area and two wing areas in the opposite sides of said central area, and with a divergent orientation, such that an outward protruding head is formed at one side of the divergent areas of the central area, and at the far side from the divergent areas, the central area, has a face which is essentially aligned in the place of said central area and which is merged to the adjacent faces of each wing area.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present specification, a fiber for artificial turf is described, being of the type of monofilament fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets, by weaving the fibers and which are obtained by extrusion in polyethylene or another material, such that the fiber for artificial turf presents a flat rectangular cross section with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection, and in its other longer face is provided with a pair of projections, equally curved-convex, in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis.
In a preferred embodiment, the fiber for artificial turf has a width of approximately 1400 μιτι.
In the same way, in a preferred implementation the fibers for artificial turf which form the carpets have a height of approximately 60 mm.
The thickness of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same for all of them, such that in a preferred implementation the thickness of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is of approximately 270 μιτι.
For supplementing the description to be carried out next, and with the object to aid to a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification, with figures where the most characteristic details of the invention are depicted in an illustrative but not limitative manner.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIGNS
Figure 1 . Shows a perspective view of a segment of a fiber for artificial turf, being able to observe the cross section thereof.
Figure 2. Shows a detailed perspective view of some weaved fibers forming the corresponding carpet for artificial turf.
Figure 3. Shows a results table of the recovery index of the fibers, with different cross sections, to be analyzed, with a height of 60 mm, according to the elapsed time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes from its release from a compressive load.
Figure 4. Shows an evolution table of the fibers in their recovery over time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes after their release from a compressive load, according to the recovery index of the analyzed fibers with a height of 60 mm.
Figure 5.- Shows a classification table of the analyzed fibers according to a height of 60 mm, according to the elapsed time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes, after their release from a compressive load.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Given that the resilience of the fibers forming the carpets for artificial turf is affected by both their section and the height of the fibers forming them, with the object to obtain a fiber for artificial turf with high resilience which facilitates its recovery against successive occasional or temporary loads and maintains its original appearance, a series of samples of fibers of different sections have been analyzed in order to obtain that fiber presenting higher resilience.
In this way, taking into account that both the height of the fibers forming the carpets for artificial turf and its section affect the recovery thereof, i.e. their resilience and utilizing the method described in the Patent of Invention P200930107 wherein a method for determining the recovery grade in artificial fiber carpets is described, an analysis has been carried out in order to assess the recovery of fibers with different sections, for which it determines the recovery index as well as the recovery rate, such that this parameter points out the speed at which a material recovers after being released from a load.
From these premises, four samples of artificial turf carpets have been analyzed, with fibers of different sections being manufactured from monofilament extruded polyethylene, and the fibers forming the carpets have a height of 60 mm, one of the samples being the fiber object of the invention with a certain section which confers it high resilience.
In this way, the section of the fiber object of the invention has been subjected to an analysis together with three more samples of different sections, so that the cross section of the fiber 1 object of the invention (corresponding to the sample of section 3) presents a flat rectangular general shape with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection 2, and in its other longer face is provided with a pair of curved-convex projections 3 in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis.
In this manner, the special section of the sample 3 based on the curved-convex projections of its longer faces confer it with high resilience, in which the height of the fiber forming the artificial turf carpets collaborates.
Moreover, in a preferred implementation of the fiber 1 for forming artificial turf carpets, it has a width "D" of approximately 1400 μιτι.
On the other hand, the thickness "d" of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same in all of them, such that in a preferred implementation is of approximately 270 μιτι. In this way, as observed in figure 2 of the designs, fibers 1 forming the weaved bundles of the artificial turf carpet, will have a height preferably of 60 mm, although, logically, the height could be another one.
As in the cited patent P200930107, the method is specified based on applying to the samples a constant compressive load of 1400 kg during 72 hours, such that, once said time is elapsed, the load is released and images of the same zone are captured after 1 , 30 and 240 minutes. Before applying the compressive load, an image has also been taken in order to know and define the total area occupied by the fibers, this value corresponding to 100% of the fibers in their state of equilibrium.
The captured images are analyzed for each one of the times and the area occupied by the fibers is calculated, assigning 100% recovery to the initial area occupied by the fibers before applying the load, such that calculating the recovery index is carried out applying the following ratio
Area after releasing load (mm2)
Recovery index (%), lt = a— ? X 100
Area without load (mm )
In this way, applying the described methodology, the results of the recovery index have been obtained for the carpets formed of some fibers with a height of 60 mm, shown in the table of figure 3, after a time of 1 , 30 and 240 minutes of being released from the load, being able to observe how the sample of section 3 presents a recovery index of 100% already at 30 minutes of releasing the load.
In the same way, in figure 3 of the designs, the evolution of the recovery index is observed in the four analyzed samples at a fiber height of 60 mm, so that once the stationary time (240 minutes) is reached, the recovery considerably increases arriving, in the samples object of the invention, to said value.
In figure 4 of the designs, the classification of the result obtained from the four analyzed samples is depicted, being able to observe how the fibers of the sample 3 object of the invention are the ones that recover more, having logically, higher resilience.
Lastly, in figure 5 of the designs the evolution of the recovery index of the four analyzed samples is depicted at a fiber height of 60 mm, being able to observe how the sample 3 object of the invention is the one having a greater recovery index. In this manner, it is concluded that a fiber 1 for forming carpets for artificial turf with a flat rectangular general cross section with its shorter sides rounded, and in the central part of its longer faces provided with a curved-convex projection 2, and in its other longer face provided with a pair of curved-convex projections 3 in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis, presents high resilience making the fibers forming the artificial turf carpets to recover their vertical position after being subjected to some successive compressive loads and making them to maintain their original aesthetics over time.
In a preferred implementation of the fiber 1 for forming artificial turf carpets, it has a width "D" of approximately 1400 μιτι.
On the other hand, the thickness "d" of the fiber for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same for all of them, such that in a preferred implementation is of approximately 270 μιτι.

Claims

1 . FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF, being of the type of monofilament fibers utilized in the manufacturing of artificial turf carpets and which are obtained by extrusion in polyethylene or another material, characterized in that the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf presents a flat rectangular general cross section with its shorter sides rounded, in the central part of one of its longer faces being provided with a curved-convex projection (2), and in its other longer face provided with a pair of curved- convex projections (3) in a symmetrical position with respect to its central axis.
2. FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF, according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf has a height of approximately 60 mm.
3. FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF, according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf has a width of approximately 1400 μιτι.
4. FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF, according to claim 1 , characterized in that the thickness of the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is the same for all of them.
5. FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF, according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the thickness of the fiber (1 ) forming the carpets for artificial turf in the central part of the curved-convex projections is of approximately 270 μιτι.
EP10731801.6A 2009-09-03 2010-06-18 Fiber for artificial turf Not-in-force EP2473655B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200930645A ES2336760B1 (en) 2009-09-03 2009-09-03 FIBER FOR ARTIFICIAL LAWN.
PCT/IB2010/052761 WO2011027235A1 (en) 2009-09-03 2010-06-18 Fiber for artificial turf

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2473655A1 true EP2473655A1 (en) 2012-07-11
EP2473655B1 EP2473655B1 (en) 2013-09-04

Family

ID=42060843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10731801.6A Not-in-force EP2473655B1 (en) 2009-09-03 2010-06-18 Fiber for artificial turf

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120270045A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2473655B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2013503984A (en)
KR (1) KR20120085750A (en)
CN (1) CN102625865A (en)
CA (1) CA2771970A1 (en)
ES (2) ES2336760B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011027235A1 (en)

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KR101357683B1 (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-02-04 (주)대건씨앤엘 Artificial turf
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WO2016113671A2 (en) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-21 Vasconcelos De Araújo Macedo Luis Filipe Synthetic multifilament fibre for lawns and respective lawn
NL2017901B1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-11 Ten Cate Thiolon Bv Split Resistant Fibre
KR102013552B1 (en) 2019-05-29 2019-08-22 주식회사 주목씨지알 A file composition for man-made turf containing elvan and a file for man-made turf having excellent uprightness prepared from the composition
KR102012640B1 (en) 2019-05-29 2019-08-21 주식회사 주목씨지알 A file composition for artificial turf containing a surfactant and a file for artificial turf having excellent uprightness prepared from the composition
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2473655B1 (en) 2013-09-04
CN102625865A (en) 2012-08-01
ES2336760B1 (en) 2011-03-15
ES2437129T3 (en) 2014-01-09
KR20120085750A (en) 2012-08-01
JP2013503984A (en) 2013-02-04
CA2771970A1 (en) 2011-03-10
WO2011027235A1 (en) 2011-03-10
US20120270045A1 (en) 2012-10-25
ES2336760A1 (en) 2010-04-15

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