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EP2420107B1 - Power regulation of led by means of an average value the led current and bidirectional counter - Google Patents

Power regulation of led by means of an average value the led current and bidirectional counter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2420107B1
EP2420107B1 EP10711663.4A EP10711663A EP2420107B1 EP 2420107 B1 EP2420107 B1 EP 2420107B1 EP 10711663 A EP10711663 A EP 10711663A EP 2420107 B1 EP2420107 B1 EP 2420107B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
switch
current
value
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP10711663.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2420107A1 (en
Inventor
Eduardo Pereira
Michael Zimmermann
Alexander Barth
Markus Mayrhofer
Günter MARENT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Tridonic AG
Original Assignee
Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Tridonic AG
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE102009017139A external-priority patent/DE102009017139A1/en
Application filed by Tridonic GmbH and Co KG, Tridonic AG filed Critical Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL10711663T priority Critical patent/PL2420107T3/en
Publication of EP2420107A1 publication Critical patent/EP2420107A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/14—Controlling the intensity of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/375—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using buck topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/38—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using boost topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/385—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using flyback topology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating light emitting diodes (LED), in particular of inorganic light emitting diodes or organic light emitting diodes, which is used in electronic ballasts for corresponding light emitting diodes.
  • LED light emitting diodes
  • the invention also relates to a lighting system.
  • the US 2006/0238174 A1 describes a switching regulator for an LED.
  • the switching regulator comprises a transistor. Once this is turned on, a current flows through a coil. The transistor is turned off when the coil current reaches a desired maximum value. The maximum value is determined by comparing a monitoring voltage at a terminal of the coil with a reference. The transistor is turned on when it is determined that the coil current has reached zero.
  • the switch-off time of the switch is determined by the fact that the LED current reaches a fixed predetermined Ausschaltschwellenwert. This leads to inaccuracies, since the negative current flow range can vary immediately after switching on the switch, which makes the power control inaccurate.
  • boost converter boost converter
  • buck converter also called step-down converter
  • buck-boost converter buck-boost converter
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for regulating, in particular for controlling the power of an LED in a converter with a switch.
  • the converter is formed by an active clocked switch and passive energy storage elements with, for example, an inductor.
  • a converter can be a buck converter, buck-boost converter or flyback converter (isolated flyback converter).
  • the LED is connected in the output circuit.
  • An inductance is magnetized if the switch is actively clocked and a current flow takes place via the closed switch and the inductance.
  • the feedback variable used for the control is a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, which is compared with a reference value as setpoint.
  • the duty cycle of the current switch-on of the active clocked switch and / or a subsequent switch-on can be set.
  • the duty cycle of the active clocked switch can be changed only every n-th switch-on, where n is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the duty cycle of the active clocked switch can be changed, for example, over the time of switching off the active clocked switch as a control variable.
  • the duty cycle can be adjusted by adaptively specifying a turn-off level of a measured, representative of the LED current size, is switched off when the switch-off level of the active-clocked switch.
  • the level of the DC bus voltage supplying the converter can be used as an alternative or in addition to the clocking of the actively-clocked switch.
  • the bus voltage can be generated by means of an active PFC circuit, wherein the level of the generated bus voltage is carried out by changing the timing of a switch of the PFC circuit.
  • a sample of the LED current may be obtained, preferably measured at half the Einschatzeitdauer the active clocked switch.
  • the actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current can be determined by a continuous measurement of the LED current (or a variable representative thereof).
  • the continuously measured LED current may be compared to a reference value, and the actual value representative of the mean value may be the duty cycle of the comparison value over the on period of the active switch.
  • the duty cycle can be determined using a bidirectional digital counter.
  • the reference value may depend on a predetermined dimming value and / or the measured LED voltage.
  • a dimming of the LED (s) can be done by PWM, wherein the LED current preferably in Continous Conduction Mode in the ON time of a PWM pulse is generated.
  • the invention also relates to an integrated circuit, in particular ASIC or microcontroller or hybrid thereof, which is designed to carry out a method as stated above.
  • the invention relates to an operating device for an LED, comprising such an integrated circuit.
  • a circuit for power control of an LED which has a converter with a switch, wherein the LED in the output circuit can be connected.
  • a control unit activates the switch, whereby the switch takes over the current flow and magnetizes the inductance, whereby the LED is supplied with a high-frequency voltage.
  • the control unit is fed back a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, which is compared with a reference value.
  • control unit can set the duty cycle of the current switch-on operation of the actively switched switch and / or a subsequent switch-on operation.
  • the control unit can change the duty cycle of the active clocked switch only every n-th switch-on, where n is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the control unit may change the duty cycle of the active clocked switch over the time of switching off the active clocked switch as a control variable.
  • the control unit can adjust the duty cycle by adaptively specifying a turn-off level of a measured, representative of the LED current magnitude, the control unit turns off when reaching the turn-off, the active clocked switch.
  • control unit can also drive a DC link circuit and receive feedback signals from the DC link circuit, the DC link voltage generating the DC bus voltage supplying the converter.
  • the control unit can use as a control variable of the power control, alternatively or in addition to the timing of the active clocked switch, the level of the DC bus voltage supplying the converter.
  • an active PFC circuit may be provided, wherein the control unit carries out the level of the generated bus voltage by changing the timing of a switch of the PFC circuit.
  • the control unit may be fed back as a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, a sample of the LED current, preferably measured at half the on-time of the active clocked switch.
  • the control unit can continuously measure the LED current (or a variable representative thereof) for determining the actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current.
  • the control circuit may comprise a comparator which compares the continuously measured LED current with a reference value, and the control circuit uses the duty cycle of the comparator output signal as the actual value representative of the mean value.
  • the output of the comparator may be fed to a bidirectional digital counter of the control circuit.
  • the control circuit may set the reference value depending on an externally or internally predetermined dimming value and / or the measured and the control circuit supplied LED voltage.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electronic ballast for operating LED.
  • Fig. 1 shows a converter for operating at least one LED and a power factor correction circuit, wherein both circuits are controlled by a control unit IC.
  • the electronic ballast On the input side, the electronic ballast has a mains voltage supplied - not shown rectifier - to which the active power factor correction circuit adjoins, which acts as a boost converter.
  • the PFC circuit essentially has a coil L6 which is magnetized when the switch (transistor) S6 is closed in accordance with a drive command S6D from the integrated circuit IC.
  • the bus voltage Uout at this pin can be measured at the pin ST2 when the switch S6 is open, on the other hand, the time of demagnetization of the coil L6 can also be determined.
  • Fig. 1 On the output side, this includes in Fig. 1 shown electronic Ballast a converter with a switch S1 and an inductor L1. A description of the other elements will be given below.
  • the converter has a further switch S1 and is designed as a buck converter.
  • the current through the switch S1 can be supplied to the control circuit IC by means of a measuring resistor (shunt) R1 at a pin CS.
  • a control signal for the switch S1 is outputted by the control circuit IC.
  • the reclosing of the actively-clocked switch S1 can be determined by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized (Critical Conduction Mode). This can be done by means of a secondary winding at the inductance L1 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. In Continuous Conduction Mode it is monitored whether one of the branch currents has reached a lower switch-on threshold (greater than zero). In the Discontinous Conduction Mode, it is monitored whether the branch current has already been at zero for a predetermined period of time before switching on. In this discontinuous conduction mode, the off time period T off is included to calculate the average time value of the current.
  • the switching on of the switch S1 before the complete demagnetization of the inductance L1 can be advantageous, especially if no or only a very small capacitor C1 is present. In this case, so-called non-gap current operation can be achieved.
  • the control circuit IC drives the converter and can continue to perform the PFC control.
  • the control unit can adjust the level of the output voltage by clocking the switch S6 and preferably digitally control it by means of the returned bus voltage.
  • the LED voltage V LED can be evaluated, for example, as a parameter for the control of the LED operation or for error detection.
  • the turn-off time period T off of the switch S1 can be included in order to calculate the time-average value of the current through the LED.
  • the switch-off period T off can be determined, for example, by monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. In this case, it can be recognized over which period of time there is a demagnetization of the inductance L1 (which is the case) Switch off period T off corresponds).
  • the switch-off time T off can also be determined or detected, for example, by an evaluation of the drive signal for the switch S1.
  • a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the LED as a filter or smoothing capacitor in parallel. This can smooth the LED voltage during operation and maintain the LED voltage during demagnetization of the inductance L1.
  • the current determined via the shunt R1 does not exactly correspond to the current flowing through the LED, but additionally also contains a current component flowing through the capacitor C1.
  • This total current can also be used for the power control according to the invention, since the current through the shunt R1 again represents a measure of the actual power in the output circuit, if it is assumed that the bus voltage Uout is constant (eg due to the regulation of the PFC) or due a measurement is known. This total current is therefore referred to below as LED current.
  • a low-impedance shunt R1 is interposed, which, however, serves only for the measurement of currents and has no measurable influence on the voltages in the circuit.
  • a brightness change (dimming) of the LED is preferably achieved by a pulsed operation (periods with nearly constant LED current are interrupted by periods without current flow, PWM).
  • PWM pulsed operation
  • the inventive method in particular when using a non-lapping current operation, which performed in the turn-on periods of a PWM operation becomes.
  • Fig. 2 shows a converter for operating at least one LED, which circuit is controlled by a control unit IC.
  • the converter may be preceded by a circuit for power factor correction.
  • the converter has a further switch S1 and is designed as a buck-boost converter.
  • the current through the switch S1 can be supplied to the control circuit IC by means of a measuring resistor (shunt) R1 at a pin CS.
  • a control signal for the switch S1 is outputted by the control circuit IC.
  • the switch S1 When the switch S1 is closed, the current flows through an inductance L1 and rises substantially linearly with the magnetization of the inductance L1.
  • the LEDs are powered by capacitor C1 during this phase.
  • the switch S1 When the switch S1 is switched off, the energy of the inductance L1 is reduced substantially linearly by a current flow through the LEDs and the freewheeling diode D1 until the switch S1 is finally switched on again.
  • the secondary winding L2 on the inductance L1 can be determined at a measuring point and pin A2, the time in which the magnetization of the inductor L1 is substantially degraded and thus the current through the freewheeling path (diode D1, LED path, inductance L1) not more is driven on.
  • the reclosing of the actively-clocked switch S1 can be determined by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized. This can be done by means of a secondary winding at the inductance L1 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. But it can also be a reconnection due to the expiration of a certain period of direct current measurement in the path of the LED.
  • the control circuit IC drives the converter and can continue to perform the PFC control.
  • a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the LED as a filter or smoothing capacitor in parallel. This can smooth the LED voltage during operation and maintain the LED voltage during the magnetization or even during the demagnetization of the inductance L1.
  • a low-impedance shunt R1 is interposed, which, however, serves only for the measurement of currents and has no measurable influence on the voltages in the circuit.
  • FIG. 3 Signal curves are shown during the switching on and off of the switch S1.
  • the switch S1 is actively clocked and switched on between the times T 31 and T 32 (time duration t ON ).
  • the linearly increasing LED current I LED can only be detected during the time period t ON at the shunt R1, during which the switch S1 is switched on.
  • the LED current through the shunt R1 can not be detected.
  • the turn-on time of the high-frequency clocked switch S1 can be set by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized. This can be done by means of a secondary winding to the inductor L2 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1.
  • the turn-off timing of the high-frequency clocked switch S1 is thereby set when the LED current reaches a predetermined threshold Ipeak.
  • Ipeak a predetermined threshold
  • the switch-off instant of the actively-timed switch (in the example of FIG. 2 Switch S1) designed adaptive, so that as a result, the turn-on time t ON is variable.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by adapting the turn-off threshold for the LED current and / or adaptively adjusting the turn-on time duration of the actively-timed switch.
  • the adaptation takes place on the basis of a feedback signal which is representative of the mean value of the LED current (averaging over one or more switch-on durations of the actively-timed switch). By controlling the average of the LED current, the lamp power control is much more accurate.
  • the mean value of the LED current can be detected by a sample is detected and evaluated at the time t on / 2, ie half of the ON time t ON of the active clocked switch. If this is higher than the setpoint mean value, the switch-on time period or the switch-off current threshold can be reduced, in the current order, in a subsequent switch-on operation of the actively-timed switch.
  • This reference value I avg_soll thus provides the desired mean value for the LED current and may, for example, depend on an external or internal dimming value specification and / or the magnitude of the LED voltage.
  • This reference value I avg_soll is a measure of the nominal power.
  • the purpose of the control is that the duty cycle of the output of the comparator K1 during a turn-on period t ON of the active clocked switch is 50%.
  • the output signal of the comparator is supplied to a digital up / down counter COUNTER, which is clocked by a timer of the control unit (clock signal CNT_CLK).
  • the COUNTER counter counts in one direction as long as the LED current I LED is below the reference value I avg_setpoint and in the opposite direction as soon as the LED current I LED exceeds the reference value I avg_soll exceeds.
  • the duty cycle of the comparison signal supplied to the counter COUNTER will be 50% and thus at the end of a switch-on period the counter reading will correspond exactly to its initial level.
  • the manipulated variable (s) can be changed in the current switch-on process, in each subsequent switch-on process or in every n-th switch-on process, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the output signal of the further comparator K2 controls the switching off gate_off of the switch.
  • the converter for the LED may, for example, also be a boost converter or a flyback converter.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von Leuchtdioden (LED), insbesondere von anorganischen Leuchtdioden oder auch organischen Leuchtdioden, welche in elektronischen Vorschaltgeräten für entsprechende Leuchtdioden zum Einsatz kommt.The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating light emitting diodes (LED), in particular of inorganic light emitting diodes or organic light emitting diodes, which is used in electronic ballasts for corresponding light emitting diodes.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Beleuchtungssystem.The invention also relates to a lighting system.

Die US 2006/0238174 A1 beschreibt einen Schaltregler für eine LED. Der Schaltregler umfasst einen Transistor. Sobald dieser eingeschaltet ist, fließt ein Strom durch eine Spule. Der Transistor wird ausgeschaltet, wenn der Spulenstrom einen gewünschten Maximalwert erreicht. Der Maximalwert wird durch einen Vergleich einer Überwachungsspannung an einer Klemme der Spule mit einer Referenz ermittelt. Der Transistor wird eingeschaltet, wenn ermittelt wird, dass der Spulenstrom den Wert Null erreicht hat.The US 2006/0238174 A1 describes a switching regulator for an LED. The switching regulator comprises a transistor. Once this is turned on, a current flows through a coil. The transistor is turned off when the coil current reaches a desired maximum value. The maximum value is determined by comparing a monitoring voltage at a terminal of the coil with a reference. The transistor is turned on when it is determined that the coil current has reached zero.

Bei dem Stand der Technik wird der Ausschaltzeitpunkt des Schalters dadurch bestimmt, dass der LED-Strom einen fest vorgegeben Ausschaltschwellenwert erreicht. Dabei kommt es zu Ungenauigkeiten, da der negative Stromflussbereich unmittelbar nach dem Einschalten des Schalters variieren kann, was die Leistungsregelung ungenau macht.In the prior art, the switch-off time of the switch is determined by the fact that the LED current reaches a fixed predetermined Ausschaltschwellenwert. This leads to inaccuracies, since the negative current flow range can vary immediately after switching on the switch, which makes the power control inaccurate.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist nunmehr, die Leistungsregelung einer LED in einem Konverter wie beispielsweise einem Boost-Konverter (Hochsetzsteller), Buck-Konverter (auch Tiefsetzsteller genannt) oder Buck-Boost Konverter (Sperrwandler oder auch Inverter genannt) genauer zu machen.The object of the invention is now, the power control of an LED in a converter such For example, a boost converter (boost converter), buck converter (also called step-down converter) or buck-boost converter (flyback converter or inverter called) to make more accurate.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Die abhängigen Ansprüche bilden den zentralen Gedanken der Erfindung in besonders vorteilhafter Weise weiter.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims further form the central idea of the invention in a particularly advantageous manner.

Ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung, insbesondere zur Leistungsregelung einer LED in einem Konverter mit einem Schalter.A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for regulating, in particular for controlling the power of an LED in a converter with a switch.

Die Erfindung lässt sich dabei gleichermassen anwenden auf:

  • den sog. Boarderline-Mode oder Critical Conduction Mode (Grenzmodus), bei dem der Entmagnetisierungsstrom auf Null abfällt bzw. die Nulllinie kreuzt, was unverzüglich das Einschalten des Schalters und somit das Wiederansteigen des Stroms auslöst,
  • den Continous Conduction Mode (nichtlückender Strombetrieb), bei dem das Wiedereinschalten des Schalters erfolgt, bevor der Strom auf Null abgefallen ist, und
  • den Discontinous Conduction Mode (lückender Strombetrieb), bei dem das Wiedereinschalten des Schalters erst wieder erfolgt, nachdem der Strom während einer Zeitdauer grösser als Null auf dem Nullpegel verharrt hat.
The invention can be applied equally to:
  • the so-called boarderline mode or critical conduction mode, in which the demagnetizing current drops to zero or crosses the zero line, which triggers immediately the switching on of the switch and thus the re-rising of the current,
  • Continuous Conduction Mode, where the switch is reset before the current drops to zero, and
  • the Discontinous Conduction Mode, in which the reconnection of the switch only occurs again after the current has remained at the zero level for a period of time greater than zero.

Der Konverter wird durch einen aktiv getakteten Schalter und passive Energiespeicherelemente mit beispielsweise einer Induktivität gebildet. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei einem solchen Konverter um einen Buck-Konverter, Buck-Boost Konverter oder Flyback-Konverter (isolierter Sperrwandler) handeln.The converter is formed by an active clocked switch and passive energy storage elements with, for example, an inductor. For example, such a converter can be a buck converter, buck-boost converter or flyback converter (isolated flyback converter).

Die LED ist dabei in dem Ausgangkreis verschaltet. Es wird eine Induktivität aufmagnetisiert, wenn der Schalter aktiv getaktet wird und über den geschlossenen Schalter und die Induktivität ein Stromfluß erfolgt. Als Rückführgrösse für die Regelung wird ein für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentativer gemessener Istwert verwendet, der mit einem Referenzwert als Sollwert verglichen wird.The LED is connected in the output circuit. An inductance is magnetized if the switch is actively clocked and a current flow takes place via the closed switch and the inductance. The feedback variable used for the control is a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, which is compared with a reference value as setpoint.

Abhängig von einer Differenz zwischen dem Istwert und dem Sollwert kann das Tastverhältnis des aktuellen Einschaltvorgangs des aktiv getakteten Schalters und/oder eines folgenden Einschaltvorgangs eingestellt werden.Depending on a difference between the actual value and the setpoint, the duty cycle of the current switch-on of the active clocked switch and / or a subsequent switch-on can be set.

Dabei kann das Tastverhältnis des aktiv getakteten Schalters nur bei jedem n-ten Einschaltvorgang verändert werden, wobei n grösser oder gleich 2 ist.In this case, the duty cycle of the active clocked switch can be changed only every n-th switch-on, where n is greater than or equal to 2.

Das Tastverhältnis des aktiv getakteten Schalters kann bspw. über den Zeitpunkt des Ausschaltens des aktiv getakteten Schalters als Steuergrösse verändert werden.The duty cycle of the active clocked switch can be changed, for example, over the time of switching off the active clocked switch as a control variable.

Das Tastverhältnis kann durch adaptive Vorgabe eines Ausschaltpegels einer gemessenen, für den LED-Strom repräsentativen Grösse eingestellt werden, wobei bei Erreichen des Ausschaltpegels der aktiv getaktete Schalter ausgeschaltet wird.The duty cycle can be adjusted by adaptively specifying a turn-off level of a measured, representative of the LED current size, is switched off when the switch-off level of the active-clocked switch.

Als Steuergrösse der Leistungsregelung kann alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Taktung des aktiv getakteten Schalters der Pegel der den Konverter versorgenden DC-Busspannung verwendet werden.As a control variable of the power control, the level of the DC bus voltage supplying the converter can be used as an alternative or in addition to the clocking of the actively-clocked switch.

Die Busspannung kann mittels einer aktiven PFC-Schaltung erzeugt werden, wobei der Pegel der erzeugten Busspannung durch Veränderung der Taktung eines Schalters der PFC-Schaltung ausgeführt wird.The bus voltage can be generated by means of an active PFC circuit, wherein the level of the generated bus voltage is carried out by changing the timing of a switch of the PFC circuit.

Als für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentativer gemessener Istwert kann ein Abtastwert des LED-Stroms werden, vorzugsweise gemessen bei der Hälfte der Einschatzeitdauer des aktiv getakteten Schalters.As a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, a sample of the LED current may be obtained, preferably measured at half the Einschatzeitdauer the active clocked switch.

Der für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentative Istwert kann durch eine kontinuierliche Messung des LED-Stroms (oder einer dafür repräsentativen Grösse) ermittelt werden.The actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current can be determined by a continuous measurement of the LED current (or a variable representative thereof).

Der kontinuierlich gemessene LED-Strom kann mit einem Referenzwert verglichen werden und der für den Mittelwert repräsentative Istwert kann das Tastverhältnis des Vergleichswerts über die Einschaltzeitdauer des aktiv geschalteten Schalters sein.The continuously measured LED current may be compared to a reference value, and the actual value representative of the mean value may be the duty cycle of the comparison value over the on period of the active switch.

Das Tastverhältnis kann anhand eines bidirektionalen digitalen Zählers ermittelt werden.The duty cycle can be determined using a bidirectional digital counter.

Der Referenzwert kann von einem vorgegebenen Dimmwert und/oder der gemessenen LED-Spannung abhängen.The reference value may depend on a predetermined dimming value and / or the measured LED voltage.

Der LED-Strom kann durch einen der folgenden Betriebsmodi (bzgl. der Taktung des Schalters, insbesondere seines Wiedereinschaltens) erzeugt werden:

  • dem sog. Boarderline-Mode oder Critical Conduction Mode bei dem der Entmagnetisierungsstrom auf Null abfällt bzw. die Nulllinie kreuzt, was unverzüglich das Einschalten des Schalters und somit das Wiederansteigen des Stroms auslöst,
  • dem Continous Conduction Mode, bei dem das Wiedereinschalten des Schalters erfolgt, bevor der Strom auf Null abgefallen ist, oder
  • dem Discontinous Conduction Mode, bei dem das Wiedereinschalten des Schalters erst wieder erfolgt, nachdem der Strom während einer Zeitdauer grösser als Null auf dem Nullpegel verbleibt.
The LED current can be generated by one of the following operating modes (with respect to the clocking of the switch, in particular its restarting):
  • the so-called boarderline mode or critical conduction mode in which the demagnetizing current drops to zero or crosses the zero line, which triggers immediately the switching on of the switch and thus the re-rising of the current,
  • the continuous conduction mode, in which the switch is switched on again before the current has fallen to zero, or
  • the Discontinous Conduction Mode, in which the reconnection of the switch only occurs again after the current remains at the zero level for a period of time greater than zero.

Ein Dimmen der LED(s) kann durch PWM erfolgen, wobei der LED-Strom vorzugsweise im Continous Conduction Mode in den Einschaltzeitdauern eines PWM-Impulses erzeugt wird.A dimming of the LED (s) can be done by PWM, wherein the LED current preferably in Continous Conduction Mode in the ON time of a PWM pulse is generated.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf eine Integrierte Schaltung, insbesondere ASIC oder Mikrokontroller bzw. Hybrid davon, die zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens wie oben ausgeführt ausgelegt ist.The invention also relates to an integrated circuit, in particular ASIC or microcontroller or hybrid thereof, which is designed to carry out a method as stated above.

Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Betriebsgerät für eine LED, aufweisend eine derartige integrierte Schaltung.Furthermore, the invention relates to an operating device for an LED, comprising such an integrated circuit.

Erfindungsgemäss ist auch eine Schaltung zur Leistungsregelung einer LED vorgesehen, die einen Konverter mit einem Schalter aufweist, wobei die LED in dem Ausgangkreis verschaltbar ist. Eine Steuereinheit aktiviert den Schalter, wodurch der Schalter den Stromfluß übernimmt und die Induktivität aufmagnetisiert, wodurch die LED mit einer hochfrequenten Spannung versorgt ist. Der Steuereinheit wird ein für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentativer gemessener Istwert zurückgeführt, der mit einem Referenzwert verglichen wird.According to the invention, a circuit for power control of an LED is also provided which has a converter with a switch, wherein the LED in the output circuit can be connected. A control unit activates the switch, whereby the switch takes over the current flow and magnetizes the inductance, whereby the LED is supplied with a high-frequency voltage. The control unit is fed back a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, which is compared with a reference value.

Die Steuereinheit kann abhängig von einer Differenz zwischen dem Istwert und dem Sollwert das Tastverhältnis des aktuellen Einschaltvorgangs des aktiv getakteten Schalters und/oder eines folgenden Einschaltvorgangs einstellen.Depending on a difference between the actual value and the setpoint value, the control unit can set the duty cycle of the current switch-on operation of the actively switched switch and / or a subsequent switch-on operation.

Die Steuereinheit kann das Tastverhältnis des aktiv getakteten Schalters nur bei jedem n-ten Einschaltvorgang verändern, wobei n grösser oder gleich 2 ist.The control unit can change the duty cycle of the active clocked switch only every n-th switch-on, where n is greater than or equal to 2.

Die Steuereinheit kann das Tastverhältnis des aktiv getakteten Schalters über den Zeitpunkt des Ausschaltens des aktiv getakteten Schalters als Steuergrösse verändern.The control unit may change the duty cycle of the active clocked switch over the time of switching off the active clocked switch as a control variable.

Die Steuereinheit kann das Tastverhältnis durch adaptive Vorgabe eines Ausschaltpegels einer gemessenen, für den LED-Strom repräsentativen Grösse einstellen, wobei die Steuereinheit bei Erreichen des Ausschaltpegels der aktiv getaktete Schalter ausschaltet.The control unit can adjust the duty cycle by adaptively specifying a turn-off level of a measured, representative of the LED current magnitude, the control unit turns off when reaching the turn-off, the active clocked switch.

Die Steuereinheit kann neben der Regelung des Betriebs der LED auch eine Zwischenkreisschaltung ansteuern und von der Zwischenkreisschaltung Rückführsignale erhalten, wobei die Zwischenkreisspannung die den Konverter versorgende DC-Busspannung erzeugt.In addition to controlling the operation of the LED, the control unit can also drive a DC link circuit and receive feedback signals from the DC link circuit, the DC link voltage generating the DC bus voltage supplying the converter.

Die Steuereinheit kann als Steuergrösse der Leistungsregelung alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Taktung des aktiv getakteten Schalters den Pegel der den Konverter versorgenden DC-Busspannung verwenden.The control unit can use as a control variable of the power control, alternatively or in addition to the timing of the active clocked switch, the level of the DC bus voltage supplying the converter.

Zur Erzeugung der Busspannung kann eine aktive PFC-Schaltung vorgesehen sein, wobei die Steuereinheit den Pegel der erzeugten Busspannung durch Veränderung der Taktung eines Schalters der PFC-Schaltung ausführt.To generate the bus voltage, an active PFC circuit may be provided, wherein the control unit carries out the level of the generated bus voltage by changing the timing of a switch of the PFC circuit.

Der Steuereinheit kann als ein für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentativer gemessener Istwert ein Abtastwert des LED-Stroms, vorzugsweise gemessen bei der Hälfte der Einschaltzeitdauer des aktiv getakteten Schalters, zurückgeführt sein.The control unit may be fed back as a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current, a sample of the LED current, preferably measured at half the on-time of the active clocked switch.

Die Steuereinheit kann zur Ermittelung des für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms repräsentativen Istwerts kontinuierlich den LED-Strom (oder eine dafür repräsentative Grösse) messen.The control unit can continuously measure the LED current (or a variable representative thereof) for determining the actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current.

Die Steuerschaltung kann einen Komparator aufweisen, der den kontinuierlich gemessenen LED-Strom mit einem Referenzwert vergleicht und die Steuerschaltung als für den Mittelwert repräsentativen Istwert das Tastverhältnis des Ausgangssignals des Komparators verwendet.The control circuit may comprise a comparator which compares the continuously measured LED current with a reference value, and the control circuit uses the duty cycle of the comparator output signal as the actual value representative of the mean value.

Das Ausgangssignal des Komparators kann einem bidirektionalen digitalen Zähler der Steuerschaltung zugeführt sein.The output of the comparator may be fed to a bidirectional digital counter of the control circuit.

Die Steuerschaltung kann den Referenzwert abhängig von einem extern oder intern vorgegebenen Dimmwert und/oder der gemessenen und der Steuerschaltung zugeführten LED-Spannung einstellen.The control circuit may set the reference value depending on an externally or internally predetermined dimming value and / or the measured and the control circuit supplied LED voltage.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher beschrieben.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Betriebsgerät für in einem Buck-Konverter verschaltete LED,
  • Figur 2 zeigt im Detail eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung für in einem Buck-Boost-Konverter verschaltete LED sowie die daran abgreifbaren Messignale,
  • Figur 3 zeigt den Verlauf von Ansteuersignalen von einem Schalter der Halbbrücke sowie der Mittenpunktspannung UL3 und des LED-Stroms ILED,
  • Figur 4 zeigt den Aufbau einer Regelung des LED-Stroms,
  • Figur 5 zeigt den zeitlichen Verlauf von Signalen der Regelung von Figur 4,
The present invention will be described below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive operating device for connected in a buck converter LED,
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail a circuit according to the invention for an LED connected in a buck-boost converter and the measurement signals which can be tapped off therefrom,
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of drive signals from a switch of the half-bridge as well as the mid-point voltage U L3 and the LED current I LED ,
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of a regulation of the LED current,
  • FIG. 5 shows the time course of signals of the control of FIG. 4 .

Fig. 1 zeigt ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zum Betreiben von LED. Fig. 1 shows an electronic ballast for operating LED.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Konverter zum Betreiben mindestens einer LED und eine Schaltung zur Leistungsfaktorkorrektur, wobei beide Schaltungen durch eine Steuereinheit IC gesteuert wird. Fig. 1 shows a converter for operating at least one LED and a power factor correction circuit, wherein both circuits are controlled by a control unit IC.

Eingangsseitig weist das elektronische Vorschaltgerät einen mit Netzspannung versorgten - nicht dargestellten Gleichrichter - auf, an den sich die aktive Leistungsfaktor-Korrekturschaltung anschliesst, die als Hochsetzsteller fungiert.On the input side, the electronic ballast has a mains voltage supplied - not shown rectifier - to which the active power factor correction circuit adjoins, which acts as a boost converter.

Die PFC-Schaltung weist im wesentlichen eine Spule L6 auf, die aufmagnetisiert wird, wenn der Schalter (Transistor) S6 auf einen Ansteuerbefehl S6D von der integrierten Schaltung IC aus vorgegeben geschlossen ist.The PFC circuit essentially has a coil L6 which is magnetized when the switch (transistor) S6 is closed in accordance with a drive command S6D from the integrated circuit IC.

Wenn der Schalter S6 geöffnet wird, entlädt sich die Energie der aufmagnetisierten Spule L6 über ein Diode D9 zum Speicherkondensator C6, so dass sich an dem Kondensator C6 eine hochgesetzte Gleichspannung Uout (Busspannung Uout) einstellt, die einen dreieckförmigen Rippel mit der Frequenz der Taktung des Schalter S6 aufweist.When the switch S6 is opened, the energy of the magnetized coil L6 discharges via a diode D9 to the storage capacitor C6, so that a high DC voltage Uout (bus voltage Uout) adjusts to the capacitor C6, which forms a triangular ripple with the frequency of the clocking of the Switch S6 has.

An dem Pin ST2 kann bei geöffnetem Schalter S6 einerseits die Busspannung Uout an diesem Pin gemessen werden, andererseits kann auch der Zeitpunkt der Entmagnetisierung der Spule L6 festgestellt werden.On the one hand, the bus voltage Uout at this pin can be measured at the pin ST2 when the switch S6 is open, on the other hand, the time of demagnetization of the coil L6 can also be determined.

Ausgangsseitig umfaßt das in Fig. 1 gezeigte elektronische Vorschaltgerät einen Konverter mit einem Schalter S1 und einer Induktivität L1. Eine Beschreibung der weiteren Elemente wird nachfolgend gegeben.On the output side, this includes in Fig. 1 shown electronic Ballast a converter with a switch S1 and an inductor L1. A description of the other elements will be given below.

Der Konverter weist einen weiteren Schalter S1 auf und ist als Buck-Konverter ausgeführt. Der Strom durch den Schalter S1 kann mittels eines Messwiderstands (Shunt) R1 an einem Pin CS der Steuerschaltung IC zugeführt werden. An dem Pin S1D wird ein Steuersignal für den Schalter S1 durch die Steuerschaltung IC ausgegeben.The converter has a further switch S1 and is designed as a buck converter. The current through the switch S1 can be supplied to the control circuit IC by means of a measuring resistor (shunt) R1 at a pin CS. At the pin S1D, a control signal for the switch S1 is outputted by the control circuit IC.

Bei geschlossenem Schalter S1 fließt der Strom durch die Leuchtdioden (LED) und eine Induktivität L1 und steigt näherungsweise linear mit der Magnetisierung der Induktivität L1 an. Bei ausgeschaltetem Schalter S1 baut sich die Energie der Induktivität L1 durch einen Stromfluss wiederum durch die LEDs und die Freilaufdiode D1 näherungsweise linear ab, bis der Schalter S1 schließlich wieder eingeschaltet wird. Mittels des Spannungsteilers R5, R6 kann an einem Messpunkt und Pin A2 der Zeitpunkt ermittelt werden, indem die Magnetisierung der Induktivität L1 im Wesentlichen abgebaut ist und somit der Strom durch den Freilaufpfad (Diode D1, LED-Strecke, L1) nicht mehr weitergetrieben wird.When the switch S1 is closed, the current flows through the light-emitting diodes (LED) and an inductance L1 and increases approximately linearly with the magnetization of the inductance L1. When the switch S1 is turned off, the energy of the inductance L1 decreases by a current flow again through the LEDs and the freewheeling diode D1 approximately linearly until the switch S1 is finally turned on again. By means of the voltage divider R5, R6 can be determined at a measuring point and pin A2 the time by the magnetization of the inductance L1 is substantially degraded and thus the current through the freewheeling path (diode D1, LED track, L1) is no longer driven.

Das Wiedereinschalten des aktiv getakteten Schalters S1 kann durch die Überwachung des durch die Induktivität L1 fließenden Zweigstroms iL1 festgelegt werden. Beispielsweise kann überwacht werden, ob der durch die Induktivität L1 fließende Zweigstrom iL1 wieder auf Null abgesunken bzw. ob die Induktivität L1 entmagnetisiert ist (Critical Conduction Mode). Dies kann mittels einer Sekundärwicklung an der Induktivität L1 oder auch mittels einer Überwachung der Spannung über dem Schalter S1 erfolgen. Im Continous Conduction Mode wird überwacht, ob eine der Zweigstrom eine untere Einschaltschwelle (grösser als Null) erreicht hat. Im Discontinous Conduction Mode wird überwacht, ob der Zweigstrom bereits eine vorbestimmte Zeitdauer auf Null war, bevor eingeschalten wird. In diesem Discontinous Conduction Mode wird zur Berechnung des zeitlich mittleren Werts des Stroms die Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff einbezogen.The reclosing of the actively-clocked switch S1 can be determined by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized (Critical Conduction Mode). This can be done by means of a secondary winding at the inductance L1 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. In Continuous Conduction Mode it is monitored whether one of the branch currents has reached a lower switch-on threshold (greater than zero). In the Discontinous Conduction Mode, it is monitored whether the branch current has already been at zero for a predetermined period of time before switching on. In this discontinuous conduction mode, the off time period T off is included to calculate the average time value of the current.

Es kann aber auch ein Wiedereinschalten aufgrund des Ablaufs einer bestimmten Zeitspanne einer direkten Strommessung in dem Pfad der LED erfolgen. Es kann aber auch ein Wiedereinschalten aufgrund der Auswertung der Steilheit des Anstieges des erfassten LED-Stromes während der Einschaltphase des Schalters S1 und / oder der Dauer der Einschaltphase des Schalters S1 erfolgen. Es kann auch der aktuelle Stromwert unmittelbar oder kurz nach dem Wiedereinschalten des Schalters S1 ausgewertet werden, um davon abhängig die Dauer der Ausschaltphase und somit den nächsten Wiedereinschaltzeitpunkt festzulegen.But it can also be a reconnection due to the expiration of a certain period of direct current measurement in the path of the LED. However, a reconnection on the basis of the evaluation of the steepness of the rise of the detected LED current during the switch-on phase of the switch S1 and / or the duration of the switch-on phase of the switch S1 can also take place. It is also possible to evaluate the instantaneous current value immediately or shortly after the switch S1 is switched on again in order to determine the duration of the switch-off phase and thus the next switch-on time depending thereon.

Da ein Betrieb der LED mit einem möglichst konstanten Strom erfolgen sollte, kann das Wiedereinschalten des Schalters S1 vor der vollständigen Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L1 vorteilhaft sein, vor allem, wenn kein oder nur ein sehr kleiner Kondensator C1 vorhanden ist. In diesem Fall kann ein sogenannter nichtlückender Strombetrieb erreicht werden.Since an operation of the LED should take place with as constant a current as possible, the switching on of the switch S1 before the complete demagnetization of the inductance L1 can be advantageous, especially if no or only a very small capacitor C1 is present. In this case, so-called non-gap current operation can be achieved.

Die Steuerschaltung IC steuert den Konverter an und kann weiterhin die PFC-Regelung durchführen.The control circuit IC drives the converter and can continue to perform the PFC control.

Der Steuereinheit können Rückführsignale aus dem Bereich der PFC-Zwischenkreisspannung zurückgeführt werden, wie bspw.:

  • die Eingangsspannung über einen Abgriff ST1,
  • der Strom durch die Induktivität L6 mittels eines Spannungsteilers ST2 (oder eine Überwachung der Spannung über der Induktivität L6), und
  • die Busspannung Uout über den Spannungsteiler ST2.
The control unit can be returned feedback signals from the range of PFC DC link voltage, such as:
  • the input voltage via a tap ST1,
  • the current through the inductor L6 by means of a voltage divider ST2 (or monitoring the voltage across the inductance L6), and
  • the bus voltage Uout via the voltage divider ST2.

Die Steuereinheit kann den Pegel der Ausgangsspannung durch Taktung des Schalters S6 einstellen und mittels der zurückgeführten Busspannung vorzugsweise digital regeln.The control unit can adjust the level of the output voltage by clocking the switch S6 and preferably digitally control it by means of the returned bus voltage.

Der Steuereinheit können Rückführsignale aus dem Bereich des die LED enthaltenden Lastkreises mit dem Konverter zurückgeführt werden:

  • die LED-Spannung VLED (beispielsweise ermittelt mittels eines Vergleiches der zurückgeführten Busspannung mit der Spannung am Spannungsteiler A2),
  • den LED-Strom ILED mittels des Shunts R1 (nur während des Einschaltens des aktiv getakteten Schalters S1), und
  • die Spannung über dem Schalter S1 mittels eines Abgriffs A2 (beispielsweise induktiv oder durch Abgriff über dem dem Schalter S1).
The control unit feedback signals from the area of the load circuit containing the LED can be returned to the converter:
  • the LED voltage V LED (determined, for example, by means of a comparison of the returned bus voltage with the voltage at the voltage divider A2),
  • the LED current I LED by means of the shunt R1 (only during the switching of the active clocked switch S1), and
  • the voltage across the switch S1 by means of a tap A2 (for example, inductive or by tapping over the switch S1).

Die LED-Spannung VLED kann beispielsweise als Parameter für die Regelung des LED Betriebes oder auch zur Fehlererkennung ausgewertet werden.The LED voltage V LED can be evaluated, for example, as a parameter for the control of the LED operation or for error detection.

Im Discontinous Conduction Mode kann wie bereits erwähnt zur Berechnung des zeitlich mittleren Werts des Stroms durch die LED die Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff des Schalters S1 einbezogen werden. Die Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff kann beispielsweise mittels der Überwachung der Spannung über dem Schalter S1 bestimmt werden. In diesem Fall kann erkannt werden, über welchen Zeitraum eine Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L1 vorliegt (was der Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff entspricht). Die Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff kann aber beispielsweise auch durch eine Auswertung des Ansteuersignals für den Schalter S1 bestimmt bzw. erfasst werden.In the Discontinous Conduction Mode, as already mentioned, the turn-off time period T off of the switch S1 can be included in order to calculate the time-average value of the current through the LED. The switch-off period T off can be determined, for example, by monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. In this case, it can be recognized over which period of time there is a demagnetization of the inductance L1 (which is the case) Switch off period T off corresponds). The switch-off time T off , however, can also be determined or detected, for example, by an evaluation of the drive signal for the switch S1.

Vorzugsweise ist parallel zur LED ein Kondensator C1 als Filter- oder Glättungskondensator parallel geschaltet. Dieser kann im Betrieb die LED-Spannung glätten und während der Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L1 die LED-Spannung aufrecht erhalten. In diesem Fall entspricht der über den Shunt R1 ermittelte Strom nicht exakt dem durch die LED fliesenden Strom, sondern enthält zusätzlich auch einen über den Kondensator C1 fließenden Stromanteil. Auch dieser Gesamtstrom kann für die erfindungsgemäße Leistungsregelung genutzt werden, da der Strom durch den Shunt R1 wiederum ein Maß für die aktuelle Leistung im Ausgangskreis darstellt, wenn davon ausgegangen wird, dass die Busspannung Uout konstant ist (z.B. aufgrund der Regelung des PFC) oder aufgrund einer Messung bekannt ist. Auch dieser Gesamtstom wird deshalb im nachfolgenden als LED-Strom bezeichnet.Preferably, a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the LED as a filter or smoothing capacitor in parallel. This can smooth the LED voltage during operation and maintain the LED voltage during demagnetization of the inductance L1. In this case, the current determined via the shunt R1 does not exactly correspond to the current flowing through the LED, but additionally also contains a current component flowing through the capacitor C1. This total current can also be used for the power control according to the invention, since the current through the shunt R1 again represents a measure of the actual power in the output circuit, if it is assumed that the bus voltage Uout is constant (eg due to the regulation of the PFC) or due a measurement is known. This total current is therefore referred to below as LED current.

Zwischen dem Schalter S1 und dem negativen Pol der Gleichspannungsquelle ist ein niederohmiger Shunt R1 zwischengeschaltet, der jedoch nur zur Messung von Strömen dient und auf die Spannungen in der Schaltung keinen messbaren Einfluß hat.Between the switch S1 and the negative pole of the DC voltage source, a low-impedance shunt R1 is interposed, which, however, serves only for the measurement of currents and has no measurable influence on the voltages in the circuit.

Eine Helligkeitsänderung (Dimmen) der LED wird vorzugsweise durch einen gepulsten Betrieb (Perioden mit nahezu konstantem LED-Strom werden durch Perioden ohne Stromfluß unterbrochen, PWM) erreicht. Für diesen Betrieb eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, insbesondere bei Anwendung eines nichtlückenden Strombetriebs, der in den Einschalt-Zeitdauern eines PWM-Betriebs durchgeführt wird.A brightness change (dimming) of the LED is preferably achieved by a pulsed operation (periods with nearly constant LED current are interrupted by periods without current flow, PWM). For this operation, the inventive method, in particular when using a non-lapping current operation, which performed in the turn-on periods of a PWM operation becomes.

Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass bei einem Einschalten der LEDs der oder die ersten PWM-Impulse eines Impulszuges gezielt verlängert werden, damit ein üblicherweise parallel zu der LED-Strecke geschalteter Speicherkondensator schneller auf die Sollspannung aufgeladen wird.It can be provided that upon turning on the LEDs or the first PWM pulses of a pulse train are selectively extended, so that a usually connected in parallel to the LED circuit storage capacitor is charged faster to the target voltage.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Konverter zum Betreiben mindestens einer LED, wobei diese Schaltung durch eine Steuereinheit IC gesteuert wird. Dem Konverter kann eine Schaltung zur Leistungsfaktorkorrektur vorgeschaltet sein. Fig. 2 shows a converter for operating at least one LED, which circuit is controlled by a control unit IC. The converter may be preceded by a circuit for power factor correction.

Der Konverter weist einen weiteren Schalter S1 auf und ist als Buck-Boost-Konverter ausgeführt. Der Strom durch den Schalter S1 kann mittels eines Messwiderstands (Shunt) R1 an einem Pin CS der Steuerschaltung IC zugeführt werden. An dem Pin SR wird ein Steuersignal für den Schalter S1 durch die Steuerschaltung IC ausgegeben.The converter has a further switch S1 and is designed as a buck-boost converter. The current through the switch S1 can be supplied to the control circuit IC by means of a measuring resistor (shunt) R1 at a pin CS. At the pin SR, a control signal for the switch S1 is outputted by the control circuit IC.

Bei geschlossenem Schalter S1 fließt der Strom durch eine Induktivität L1 und steigt im Wesentlichen linear mit der Magnetisierung der Induktivität L1 an. Die LED werden während dieser Phase von dem Kondensator C1 gespeist. Bei ausgeschaltetem Schalter S1 baut sich die Energie der Induktivität L1 durch einen Stromfluss durch die LEDs und die Freilaufdiode D1 im Wesentlichen linear ab, bis der Schalter S1 schließlich wieder eingeschaltet wird. Mittels der Sekundärwicklung L2 auf der Induktivität L1 kann an einem Messpunkt und Pin A2 der Zeitpunkt ermittelt werden, in dem die Magnetisierung der Induktivität L1 im Wesentlichen abgebaut ist und somit der Strom durch den Freilaufpfad (Diode D1, LED-Strecke, Induktivität L1) nicht mehr weitergetrieben wird.When the switch S1 is closed, the current flows through an inductance L1 and rises substantially linearly with the magnetization of the inductance L1. The LEDs are powered by capacitor C1 during this phase. When the switch S1 is switched off, the energy of the inductance L1 is reduced substantially linearly by a current flow through the LEDs and the freewheeling diode D1 until the switch S1 is finally switched on again. By means of the secondary winding L2 on the inductance L1 can be determined at a measuring point and pin A2, the time in which the magnetization of the inductor L1 is substantially degraded and thus the current through the freewheeling path (diode D1, LED path, inductance L1) not more is driven on.

Das Wiedereinschalten des aktiv getakteten Schalters S1 kann durch die Überwachung des durch die Induktivität L1 fließenden Zweigstroms iL1 festgelegt werden. Beispielsweise kann überwacht werden, ob der durch die Induktivität L1 fließende Zweigstrom iL1 wieder auf Null abgesunken bzw. ob die Induktivität L1 entmagnetisiert ist. Dies kann mittels einer Sekundärwicklung an der Induktivität L1 oder auch mittels einer Überwachung der Spannung über dem Schalter S1 erfolgen. Es kann aber auch ein Wiedereinschalten aufgrund des Ablaufs einer bestimmten Zeitspanne einer direkten Strommessung in dem Pfad der LED erfolgen. Es kann aber auch ein Wiedereinschalten aufgrund der Auswertung der Steilheit des Anstieges des erfassten LED-Stromes während der Einschaltphase des Schalters S1 und / oder der Dauer der Einschaltphase des Schalters S1 erfolgen. Es kann auch der aktuelle Stromwert unmittelbar oder kurz nach dem Wiedereinschalten des Schalters S1 ausgewertet werden, um davon abhängig die Dauer der Ausschaltphase und somit den nächsten Wiedereinschaltzeitpunkt festzulegen.The reclosing of the actively-clocked switch S1 can be determined by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized. This can be done by means of a secondary winding at the inductance L1 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1. But it can also be a reconnection due to the expiration of a certain period of direct current measurement in the path of the LED. However, a reconnection on the basis of the evaluation of the steepness of the rise of the detected LED current during the switch-on phase of the switch S1 and / or the duration of the switch-on phase of the switch S1 can also take place. It is also possible to evaluate the instantaneous current value immediately or shortly after the switch S1 is switched on again in order to determine the duration of the switch-off phase and thus the next switch-on time depending thereon.

Die Steuerschaltung IC steuert den Konverter an und kann weiterhin die PFC-Regelung durchführen.The control circuit IC drives the converter and can continue to perform the PFC control.

Der Steuereinheit können Rückführsignale aus dem Bereich des die LED enthaltenden Lastkreises mit dem Konverter zurückgeführt werden:

  • die LED-Spannung VLED mittels eines nicht dargestellten, parallel zur LED angeordneten Spannungsteilers,
  • den LED-Strom ILED (bspw. mittels Shunt R1), und
  • die Spannung über dem Schalter S1 mittels eines Abgriffs A2 (induktiv oder durch Abgriff über dem Schalter S1).
The control unit feedback signals from the area of the load circuit containing the LED can be returned to the converter:
  • the LED voltage V LED by means of a not shown, parallel to the LED arranged voltage divider,
  • the LED current I LED (for example, by means of shunt R1), and
  • the voltage across the switch S1 by means of a tap A2 (inductive or by tapping over the switch S1).

Vorzugsweise ist parallel zur LED ein Kondensator C1 als Filter- oder Glättungskondensator parallel geschaltet. Dieser kann im Betrieb die LED-Spannung glätten und während der Aufmagnetisierung oder auch während der Entmagnetisierung der Induktivität L1 die LED-Spannung aufrecht erhalten.Preferably, a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the LED as a filter or smoothing capacitor in parallel. This can smooth the LED voltage during operation and maintain the LED voltage during the magnetization or even during the demagnetization of the inductance L1.

Zwischen dem Schalter S1 und dem negativen Pol der Gleichspannungsquelle ist ein niederohmiger Shunt R1 zwischengeschaltet, der jedoch nur zur Messung von Strömen dient und auf die Spannungen in der Schaltung keinen messbaren Einfluß hat.Between the switch S1 and the negative pole of the DC voltage source, a low-impedance shunt R1 is interposed, which, however, serves only for the measurement of currents and has no measurable influence on the voltages in the circuit.

In Figur 3 werden Signalverläufe während des Ein- und Ausschaltens des Schalters S1 dargestellt. Dabei ist wie ersichtlich der Schalter S1 aktiv getaktet und zwischen den Zeitpunkten T31 und T32 (Zeitdauer tON) eingeschaltet. Wie ersichtlich kann der linear ansteigende LED-Strom ILED nur während der Zeitdauer tON an dem Shunt R1 erfasst werden, während der der Schalter S1 eingeschaltet ist. In der Zeitdauer des Ausschaltens des Schalters S1, in der die Induktivität L1 den Strom durch die LED absinkend bis zum unteren Umkehrpunkt weitertreibt, kann der LED-Strom mittels des Shunts R1 dagegen nicht erfasst werden.In FIG. 3 Signal curves are shown during the switching on and off of the switch S1. As can be seen, the switch S1 is actively clocked and switched on between the times T 31 and T 32 (time duration t ON ). As can be seen, the linearly increasing LED current I LED can only be detected during the time period t ON at the shunt R1, during which the switch S1 is switched on. On the other hand, in the period of turning off the switch S1 in which the inductor L1 continues to sink the current through the LED to the lower reversal point, the LED current through the shunt R1 can not be detected.

Der Einschaltzeitpunkt des hochfrequent getakteten Schalters S1 kann durch die Überwachung des durch die Induktivität L1 fließenden Zweigstroms iL1 festgelegt werden. Beispielsweise kann überwacht werden, ob der durch die Induktivität L1 fließende Zweigstrom iL1 wieder auf Null abgesunken bzw. ob die Induktivität L1 entmagnetisiert ist. Dies kann mittels einer Sekundärwicklung an der Induktivität L2 oder auch mittels einer Überwachung der Spannung über dem Schalter S1 erfolgen.The turn-on time of the high-frequency clocked switch S1 can be set by monitoring the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1. For example, it can be monitored whether the branch current iL1 flowing through the inductance L1 has fallen back to zero or whether the inductance L1 has been demagnetized. This can be done by means of a secondary winding to the inductor L2 or by means of monitoring the voltage across the switch S1.

Bei dem Stand der Technik wird der Ausschaltzeitpunkt des hochfrequent getakteten Schalters S1 dadurch festgelegt, wenn der LED-Strom einen festgelegten Schwellenwert Ipeak erreicht. Dabei bleibt - wie bereits eingangs erläutert - etwaige Schwankungen des maximalen negativen Strompegels ΔI bei dem Umkehrpunkt T31 und dem unberücksichtigt, was diese Art der Leistungsregelung ungenau macht.In the prior art, the turn-off timing of the high-frequency clocked switch S1 is thereby set when the LED current reaches a predetermined threshold Ipeak. As already explained at the outset, any fluctuations in the maximum negative current level ΔI at the reversal point T31 and in that case are disregarded, which makes this type of power regulation inaccurate.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird nunmehr der Ausschaltzeitpunkt des aktiv getakteten Schalters (im Beispiel der Figur 2 Schalter S1) adaptiv gestaltet, so dass im Ergebnis die Einschaltzeitdauer tON variabel ist. Dies kann bspw. dadurch erzielt werden, indem die Ausschaltschwelle für den LED-Strom adaptiv gestaltet wird und/oder die Einschaltzeitdauer des aktiv getakteten Schalters adaptiv einstellbar ist.According to the invention, the switch-off instant of the actively-timed switch (in the example of FIG FIG. 2 Switch S1) designed adaptive, so that as a result, the turn-on time t ON is variable. This can be achieved, for example, by adapting the turn-off threshold for the LED current and / or adaptively adjusting the turn-on time duration of the actively-timed switch.

Die Adaptierung erfolgt dabei anhand eines Rückführsignals, das für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms (Mittelung über eine oder mehrere Einschaltzeitdauern des aktiv getakteten Schalters) repräsentativ ist. Durch Regelung auf den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms ist die Lampenleistungsregelung wesentlich genauer.The adaptation takes place on the basis of a feedback signal which is representative of the mean value of the LED current (averaging over one or more switch-on durations of the actively-timed switch). By controlling the average of the LED current, the lamp power control is much more accurate.

Der Mittelwert des LED-Stroms kann erfasst werden, indem zu dem Zeitpunkt ton/2, also zur Hälfte der Einschaltzeitdauer tON des aktiv getakteten Schalters ein Abtastwert erfasst und ausgewertet wird. Ist dieser höher als der Soll-Mittelwert, kann die Einschaltzeitdauer oder die Ausschaltstromschwelle verringert werde, und zwar im aktuellen order in einem folgenden Einschaltvorgang des aktiv getakteten Schalters.The mean value of the LED current can be detected by a sample is detected and evaluated at the time t on / 2, ie half of the ON time t ON of the active clocked switch. If this is higher than the setpoint mean value, the switch-on time period or the switch-off current threshold can be reduced, in the current order, in a subsequent switch-on operation of the actively-timed switch.

(Im Discontinous Conduction Mode wird wie gesagt zur Berechnung des zeitlich mittleren Werts des Stroms die Ausschaltzeitdauer Toff einbezogen.)(In Discontinous Conduction Mode, as I said) Calculation of the time average value of the current, the switch-off period T off included.)

Im Folgenden soll indessen ein Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert werden, bei dem der LED-Strom kontinuierlich erfasst und zu der Steuereinheit zurückgeführt wird.In the following, however, an embodiment will be explained, in which the LED current is continuously detected and returned to the control unit.

Wie in Figur 4 gezeigt wird in der Steuereinheit der LED-Strom ILED durch einen Komparator K1 mit einem Referenzwert Iavg_soll verglichen. Dieser Referenzwert Iavg_soll gibt also den Soll-Mittelwert für den LED-Strom vor und kann bspw. von einer externen oder internen Dimmwertvorgabe und/oder der Höhe der LED-Spannung abhängen. Dieser Referenzwert Iavg_soll ist ein Mass für die Sollleistung.As in FIG. 4 shown in the control unit of the LED current I LED is compared by a comparator K1 with a reference value I avg_soll . This reference value I avg_soll thus provides the desired mean value for the LED current and may, for example, depend on an external or internal dimming value specification and / or the magnitude of the LED voltage. This reference value I avg_soll is a measure of the nominal power.

Um eine konstante Lampenleistung zu erzielen, muss bei schwankender LED-Spannung VLED die Sollwertvorgabe für den Mittelwert des LED-Stroms invers nachgeführt werden, so dass sich ergebende Produkt aus LED-Strom und LED-Spannung konstant geregelt bleibt. Bei konstanter LED-Spannung entspricht natürlich eine Mittelstromregelung genau einer Lampenleistungsregelung.In order to achieve a constant lamp power, when the LED voltage V LED fluctuates, the setpoint value for the mean value of the LED current must be inversely adjusted, so that the resulting product of LED current and LED voltage remains constantly regulated. Of course, with a constant LED voltage, a medium current control corresponds exactly to a lamp power control.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist es Ziel der Regelung, dass das Tastverhältnis des Ausgangs des Komparators K1 während einer Einschaltzeitdauer tON des aktiv getakteten Schalters 50% beträgt. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel wird dazu das Ausgangssignal des Komparators einem digitalen Up-/Down-Zähler COUNTER zugeführt, der von einem Zeitgeber der Steuereinheit getaktet ist (Taktsignal CNT_CLK). Wie in Figur 5 ersichtlich zählt der Zähler COUNTER in eine Richtung, solange der LED-Strom ILED unterhalb des Referenzwerts Iavg_soll liegt, und in die umgekehrte Richtung, sobald der LED-Strom ILED den Referenzwert Iavg_soll überschreitet. Wenn der Istwert des Mittelwerts des LED-Stroms ILED genau der Referenzwertvorgabe Iavg_soll entspricht, wird das Tastverhältnis des dem Zähler COUNTER zugeführten Vergleichssignals 50% sein und somit am Ende einer Einschaltzeitdauer der Zählerstand genau seinem Anfangsstand entsprechen.In this embodiment, the purpose of the control is that the duty cycle of the output of the comparator K1 during a turn-on period t ON of the active clocked switch is 50%. In the embodiment, for this purpose, the output signal of the comparator is supplied to a digital up / down counter COUNTER, which is clocked by a timer of the control unit (clock signal CNT_CLK). As in FIG. 5 it can be seen that the COUNTER counter counts in one direction as long as the LED current I LED is below the reference value I avg_setpoint and in the opposite direction as soon as the LED current I LED exceeds the reference value I avg_soll exceeds. If the actual value of the mean value of the LED current I LED corresponds exactly to the reference value specification Iavg_soll, the duty cycle of the comparison signal supplied to the counter COUNTER will be 50% and thus at the end of a switch-on period the counter reading will correspond exactly to its initial level.

Jedwege Abweichung wird indessen zu einer Abweichung ERROR des Zählerendsands von dessen Anfangsstand führen. Dieses Abweichungssignal ERROR wird einem vorzugsweise digitalen Regler REGULATOR zugeführt, der ebenfalls von einem Zeitgeber der Steuereinheit getaktet durch ein Signal reg_clk wird. Der Regler REGULATOR implementiert eine Regelstrategie (bspw. PI-Regler) und steuert abhängig vom dem Eingangssignal ERROR und der Regelstrategie eine die Leistung der LED beeinflussende Stellgrösse an. Diese Stellgrösse kann bspw. eines oder mehreres sein von:

  • Busspannung,
  • adaptive Ausschaltschwelle Ipeak, und/oder
  • adaptive Einschaltzeitdauer Ton.
Any deviation, however, will lead to a deviation ERROR of the counter end of its initial state. This deviation signal ERROR is fed to a preferably digital regulator REGULATOR, which is also clocked by a timer of the control unit by a signal reg_clk. The REGULATOR controller implements a control strategy (eg PI controller) and controls a manipulated variable that influences the power of the LED depending on the input signal ERROR and the control strategy. This manipulated variable may, for example, be one or more of:
  • bus voltage,
  • adaptive switch-off threshold Ipeak, and / or
  • adaptive switch-on time tone.

Die Stellgrösse(n) kann im aktuellen Einschaltvorgang, in einem jeden folgenden Einschaltvorgang oder aber in jedem n-ten Einschaltvorgang verändert werden, wobei n eine ganze Zahl grösser oder gleich 2 ist.The manipulated variable (s) can be changed in the current switch-on process, in each subsequent switch-on process or in every n-th switch-on process, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Im Beispiel von Figur 4 und 5 wird entweder die Einschaltzeitdauer Ton verändert, oder aber der Regler REGULATOR verändert den Referenzwerts eines weiteren Komparators K2 der Steuereinheit, an dessen nichtinvertierten Eingang der LED-Strom ILED anliegt.In the example of FIG. 4 and 5 Either the on-time Ton is changed, or the regulator REGULATOR changes the reference value of another comparator K2 of the control unit, at whose non-inverted input the LED current I LED is present.

Das Ausgangssignal des weiteren Komparators K2 steuert das Ausschalten gate_off des Schalters.The output signal of the further comparator K2 controls the switching off gate_off of the switch.

Bei dem Konverter für die LED kann es sich beispielweise auch um einen Boost Konverter oder einen Flyback-Konverter handeln.The converter for the LED may, for example, also be a boost converter or a flyback converter.

Claims (19)

  1. Method for controlling an LED by means of a converter with a switch, whereby the LED is connected in the output circuit and an inductor (L1) is magnetised when the switch (S1) is actively clocked, characterised in that a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current (ILED) is used as a feedback value for the control, whereby it is compared with a reference value (IAVG_soLL), whereby the actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current (ILED) is determined by a continuous measurement of the LED current (ILED).
  2. Method according to claim 1, whereby the actively clocked switch (S1) is switched on at a point in time when the indirectly or directly detected current has decayed to zero, has preferably reached its lower inversion point.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, whereby the duty cycle of the actual switching-on action of the actively clocked switch and/or a subsequent switching-on is set depending on a difference between the actual value and the reference value.
  4. Method according to claim 3, whereby the duty cycle of the actively clocked switch is changed only at each nth switching-on action, where n is greater than or equal to 2.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, whereby the duty cycle of the actively clocked switch is changed as a control value at the point in time of switching off the actively clocked switch.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, whereby the duty cycle is adjusted by adaptive setting of a switching-off level of a measured value representative of the LED current, whereby the actively clocked switch is switched off on reaching the switching-off level.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, whereby the control value of the power control is used alternatively or additionally to the clocking of the actively clocked switch of the level of the DC bus voltage supplied to the converter.
  8. Method according to claim 7, whereby the bus voltage is generated by means of an active PFC circuit, whereby the level of the bus voltage generated is adjusted by changing the timing of a switch of the PFC circuit.
  9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, whereby a sampled value, preferably measured at the half-way point of the switching-on period of the actively clocked switch, is used as the measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current.
  10. Method according to claim 9, whereby the continuously measured LED current is compared with a reference value and the actual value representative of the mean value is the duty cycle of the reference value over the switched-on period of the actively connected switch.
  11. Method according to claim 10, whereby the duty cycle is determined based on a bi-directional digital counter.
  12. Method according to claim 8 or 9, whereby the said reference value depends on a predetermined dimming value and/or the measured LED voltage.
  13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, whereby the LED current is produced by one of the following modes of operation:
    - the so-called borderline mode or critical conduction mode, whereby the demagnetisation current falls to zero or crosses the zero line and immediately triggers the switching-on of the switch and thus the renewed rise of the current.
    - the continuous conduction mode, whereby the re-switching-on of the switch takes place before the current falls to zero, or
    - the discontinuous conduction mode, whereby the re-switching-on of the switch only takes place again when the current remains at the zero level during a period of time greater than zero.
  14. Method according to any of the preceding claims, whereby a dimming of the LED(s) is performed through PWM, whereby the LED current is preferably generated in the continuous conduction mode during the switching-on period of a PWM pulse.
  15. Integrated circuit, in particular ASIC, that is designed to implement the method according to any of the preceding claims.
  16. Circuit, preferably a digital circuit, for controlling the power of an LED, comprising a converter with a switch, whereby the LED is connected in the output circuit, whereby a control unit controls the magnetisation of an inductor (L1) to actively clock the switch (S1), characterised in that the control unit feeds back a measured actual value representative of the mean value of the LED current for comparison with a reference value, whereby the said representative actual value for the mean value of the LED current (ILED) is determined by a continuous measurement of the LED current (ILED).
  17. Operating device for LEDs, comprising a circuit according to one of the claims 15 or 16.
  18. Lamp, comprising an LED and an operating device according to claim 17.
  19. Lighting system, comprising a plurality of lamps, including at least one according to claim 18, whereby the lamps are preferably connected with one another and/or with a central control unit via one or more bus lines.
EP10711663.4A 2009-04-14 2010-03-26 Power regulation of led by means of an average value the led current and bidirectional counter Revoked EP2420107B1 (en)

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DE102010003054 2010-03-19
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EP2420107A1 (en) 2012-02-22
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US20120133295A1 (en) 2012-05-31
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US9060406B2 (en) 2015-06-16
CN102396295A (en) 2012-03-28

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