EP2359983B1 - Rolling body guide with separate replaceable rolling body and rolling tool - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rolling body guide and a rolling tool according to the preambles of claims 1 and 12. Such a device is from the EP 1 468 783 A1 known.

In order to extend the service life of stressed metallic bodies, the surfaces of these bodies are machined using roller burnished bodies or solid-rolled bodies.

For this reason, tubular bodies, such as those used as brake cylinders in crane construction, are rolled on their inner or outer surface. But other axially symmetrical surfaces are also machined by rolling. Waves are an example.

The tools used for rolling have roller body guides. These roller guides are ring-shaped and have rectangular or slightly trapezoidal recesses. In these recesses, a roller body is attached, which processes the surface to be rolled.

The fact that the recesses are dimensioned narrower than the roller bodies prevents the roller bodies from coming out of the roller body guide fall out. The rolling elements are thus positioned by the rolling element guide both in the axial and in the tangential respect.

The roller bodies are preferably held by the roller body guides in axially parallel alignments or in a position rotated by a certain angle with respect to the axle parallelism.

So that the surface can be processed by the roller bodies, the roller bodies are pressed against the surface of the tool to be processed by a support cone. During roller burnishing or deep rolling of the inner surface of a bore, the support cone lies in the interior of the roller body guide, whereby the roller bodies are pressed outward against the surface of the bore by the support cones.

For the rolling of outer surfaces, a reverse arrangement is used, in which the support cones are pressed inwards and thus the rolling rollers can process the outer surface.

The roller guides are attached to carriers. These carriers are rotatably mounted with respect to the tool shaft and can therefore rotate. This can be done both with the speed of the tool shaft and with a different speed. The ratio of the axial position of the roller bodies to the support cone determines an enveloping circle diameter of the roller body set. This diameter is adjustable, which means that the rolling process can be optimized.

In order to adjust the diameter, the roller guide is axially displaced with respect to the support cone with a suitable adjusting device.

In order to be able to carry out several work steps at once, a tool for rolling is often preceded by a cutting element. A peeling head is mentioned here as an example. This peeling head pre-machined the workpiece during rotation and when the entire tool is advanced, after which the inner or outer surface can then be rolled in a chipping.

For rolling tools of the type described here, enveloping circle diameters for inner surfaces between 38 and 400 mm are common. Workpieces with a diameter of over 750 mm can even be machined. These are the usual dimensions for hydraulic cylinders, for example. The length of these hydraulic cylinders can often be more than 15 m. Such hydraulic cylinders are used, for example, for mobile cranes.

Roll body guides, roll bodies and support cones are subject to considerable wear and must be replaced if damaged. Usually, a roller guide has to be replaced after machining a length of approx. 2,000 m, since otherwise the required tolerances can no longer be observed.

If a roller guide is to be replaced, the roller tool and the peeling head must first be removed, the peeling head being pulled off the shaft first. The roller guide is then pulled off the shaft in its entirety. The roller bodies are then removed from the recesses and the roller body guide replaced. The rolling rollers are again inserted into a new rolling element guide and then the rolling element guide is attached to the shaft and finally the peeling head is also attached to the shaft. The actual operation is then continued.

The rolling bodies have to be replaced much more frequently. The exchange takes place in principle as described above, the rolling elements being exchanged instead of the rolling element guide. The roll body guide with the new roll bodies and the peeling head are then reassembled and the process is then continued.

The support cones can also be subject to wear. According to the state of the art, however, it is not possible to inspect these support cones during operation or in the assembled state. If an inspection of these support cones is indicated, the roller guide must also be dismantled as described above and the support cones exposed. Other methods for inspecting the support cones are also not possible because of the space available, since the rolling bodies are closely spaced from one another, so that, for example, inspection windows do not have to be attached.

The above-described dismantling of the peeling head, the roller body guide and the removal of the roller body as well as the subsequent assembly and reassembly usually takes between twenty minutes and half an hour. According to the state of the art, these expensive downtimes are accepted.

Roll body guides are generally made from solid material. Due to the tubular design, there is a material loss of approx. 90% of the original full workpiece during machining.

The complex manufacturing processes mean that roller guides are extremely expensive tools. In addition, many roller body guides of different diameters must be in stock, since different roller body guides have to be kept ready for different workpiece diameters due to the given diameter of the roller body guides. This variety of parts means that roller body guides are only produced in small numbers, which makes production even more expensive.

The invention is based on the object of improving the state of the art.

The object is achieved by a roller body guide for receiving and moving roller bodies which are used for deep rolling or smooth rolling of an inner or outer surface of a tubular body are used, wherein the roller body guide has a support cone for pressing the roller body against the inner or outer surface and at least two defined detachable receiving sections, so that a modular structure of the roller body guide can be implemented, the receiving sections being axially, or perpendicular and axially removable to an axis of rotation, wherein the support cone has two cone sections that are detachably fastened to one another in a defined manner.

The following terms are explained.

A "receiving section" is a receiving element with a guide for rolling bodies with a cylindrical shell that is not fully circumferential. Instead, the receptacle is divided into sections which describe a circumferential angle of at most 180 ° with respect to the central axis of rotation, with rolling bodies being able to be guided.

A roller body guide broken up into such sections embodies an aspect of the invention, according to which the roller body guide can be detachable from the side of the tool for rolling. Advantageously, this type of roller body guide enables different roller diameters to be implemented with one and the same type of roller body guide.

In the event that two semi-cylindrical receiving sections are connected at one joint edge and can be opened at another joint edge, the invention is already embodied, since such a roller body guide can be removed from the tool at the side.

This means that the peeling head cannot be pulled off when the roller body guide or the roller bodies are replaced.

In a further embodiment, the receiving sections can each be detachably attached in a defined manner to a receiving section carrier. In order to produce the receiving section carrier particularly cheaply or simply to fasten it to the shaft of the rolling blade tool, the receiving section carrier can have a disk-ring-shaped or disk-shaped body.

In addition, the receiving section carrier can have a bearing receptacle for receiving the receiving section. Thus, the receiving sections are particularly easily accessible and quick to assemble or dismantle, since the bearing receptacle for the receptacle for the receiving sections are located on the circumference of the receiving section carrier.

According to the invention, the receiving sections can be removed perpendicularly and / or axially to an axis of rotation. In such a configuration, the assembly work when removing or attaching the roller body guide is independent of the working space, which would only be available to a limited extent from a possibly upstream peeling head. A combined removal of a receiving section, which takes place vertically and / or axially, is the tilting or the backward or forward pulling off of the receiving section parallel to the axis of rotation.

In order to reliably guide the roller bodies with respect to the circumference when the tool is advanced for rolling, the roller body guide can have a mounting of the receiving sections on the receiving section support that is fixed and / or non-displaceable.

The advantage here is that low demands can be made on the moment stability of the bearing, since the rolling bodies behave analogously to the rolling bearing rollers or rolling bearing needles when rolling between the support cone and the tool surface to be machined. It follows from this that only small tangential forces occur, which enables the rolling element guide to be constructed in sections at low cost. Since low forces occur at the bearing, the receiving sections can be fastened using a clamping mechanism and / or with dovetail profiles, which means that fastening is independent of screw connections.

In a further embodiment, the receiving sections are spaced apart with respect to a receiving circumference.

The following terms are explained.

A "receiving circumference" is to be understood in particular as an envelope around the roller body guide, which is located in the area of the rolling body seats. This can result in gaps in the roller guide, which enables a visual inspection of a support cone. It should be particularly emphasized that this means that material can be dispensed with, as a result of which the roller body guide can be produced both more cost-effectively and with a lower weight.

In order to make sections as small as possible, a receiving section can have one or two, if possible three or more guides for the roller body or bodies. The lower the number of receiving sections, the greater the number of gaps between the receiving sections can be configured and the resulting possible savings in material increases.

Furthermore, in a related embodiment, the receiving sections can be designed to be narrow. In addition, given the same number of receiving sections, these can be arranged at different distances from one another, whereby a wide range of roll diameters to be implemented can be offered.

It is also possible for identical receiving sections to be used in different numbers, which means that large numbers of items can be produced and thus the lot size can be increased and costs can be reduced. For this case, for example, different receiving section carriers matched to the respective overall diameter can be kept available. It is advantageous here that the wear on the receiving section carriers is low.

With the solution proposed here, pipe diameters between 80 mm and 400 mm can be assembled as roll body guides and thus made available.

In one example, the receiving sections have a flat design and are equipped with two, three or more receptacles, the receptacles tapering towards an upper side of the receiving section and being designed for a roller body so that a tubular body can be solid or smoothly rolled.

At this point it should be pointed out that a roller body guide with spaced-apart receiving sections are advantageous and inventive designs in themselves.

In order to realize large batch sizes for the production of the receiving sections, all of the receiving sections can be designed identically and, in particular, can be arranged symmetrically around the receiving circumference. This also makes assembly easier, as a large variety of products is guaranteed and mix-up is ruled out. This applies analogously to the symmetrical arrangement of the receiving sections around a circumference of the roller guide.

In a further example, a bearing roller or a bearing ball can be attached to a feed face of a roller body receptacle. When the roller body guide is advanced, this bearing roller or bearing ball takes along the roller body arranged in the roller body guide along the roller axis of the roller body. The force required for the advance is transmitted to the end face of the cylindrical body via a narrow face of the recess. If a bearing roller or bearing ball is missing, so the roller cage wears especially on this face of the cutout.

However, because a bearing roller or a bearing ball is provided, the feed force does not act directly on the roller body guide, whereby the service life of the roller body guide can be increased.

It is proposed to geometrically arrange the receiving section leading to the rolling body at different diameters. It must be ensured that a circular circumference is arranged around the arranged receiving sections and the rolling body received therein in such a way that the circumferential circle is only touched by the rolling body. It follows from this that it must be ruled out that the material actually forming the receiving sections or the roller body guide touches or intersects the circumferential circle.

This can be ensured in that a kinked or curved sheet metal shape forms the receiving section, with the edges of the upper side being chamfered.

However, flat sheets can also be used. This is possible in particular if the receiving sections protrude as little as possible to the side of the recesses for the roller bodies. It is therefore proposed that this protrusion be a maximum of twelve, in particular less than ten millimeters. Chamfering can also occur here of the edges on the top, so that the side overhang can be increased.

In a further embodiment, the receiving section can be embodied as a continuous bore with a countersink, so that the receiving section can be fastened to the receiving section carrier by means of a countersunk screw. The use of a retractable fastening prevents the receiving section from touching or cutting the circumference.

One aspect of the present invention is that tool parts or tool elements can be removed from the tool for rolling in such a way that, for example, the tool elements cannot be dismantled. This aspect can also be extended to the support cone.

A rolling tool with a roller body for machining an inner or outer surface of a tubular body and with a roller body guide for moving the roller body and with a support cone for adapting the roller body against the inner or outer surface can be provided, the support cone having two cone sections that can be detached in a defined manner wherein the roller body guide has two defined detachable receiving sections, so that a modular structure of the roller body guide can be implemented, the receiving sections being axially or perpendicularly and axially detachable to an axis of rotation.

The following will be explained.

A "cone section" is either directly connected to a further cone section or connected to it to a common carrier in such a way that a seamless connection takes place.

Corresponding to the assembly or disassembly of the rolling element guide and the receiving sections, the support cone can be removed laterally, in particular axially and / or perpendicular to an axis of rotation, from the tool for rolling. This also ensures that a change is quick and easy and that there is no need to dismantle other elements such as a peeling head.

In a related embodiment, a circumferential transition between two adjacent cone sections can have an application, a bevel or a filled recess on two abutting edges. The order as well as the filling can be padded where the cone sections adjoin one another along the circumference at the height of the roller bodies. A soft application or a soft filling compound can be used. If there is a bevel, the roller can fall slightly into the interior of the receptacle, so that when rolling over the abutting edges, no major forces which damage the components occur.

The invention enables the replacement of a defective roller body guide and / or defective rollers of a tool for deep or smooth rolling an inner or outer surface of a tubular body with a roller body, a roller guide and a support cone, whereby the roller guide is first opened and / or separated and removed from the tool essentially perpendicularly and / or axially to the axis of rotation and that after replacement the roller guide is also attached essentially perpendicularly and / or axially to the axis of rotation of the tool and is closed and / or reconnected there.

An inspection of the surface of the support cone as well as dismantling or replacement can thus be made possible. Furthermore, the receiving sections can be designed to be essentially flat, which is an important prerequisite for the production of large quantities.

The receiving section carriers are mounted in a conventional manner on a tool shaft. The mounting can be equipped with an adjusting device so that the receiving section carrier can be adjusted in a defined manner in the axial direction. Such adjustment devices are known from the prior art and can be adopted accordingly.

Figur1:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Werkzeuges zum Walzen mit einem Schälkopf und einem Glattwalzkopf in einer teilgeschnittenen dreidimensionalen Ansicht und

Figur 2:

eine schematische Darstellung des Walzwerkzeuges in einer teilgeschnittenen dreidimensionalen Ansicht.

In the following, an exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail with the aid of the figures. It shows:

Figure 1:

a schematic representation of a tool for rolling with a peeling head and a roller burnishing head in a partially sectioned three-dimensional view and

Figure 2:

a schematic representation of the rolling tool in a partially sectioned three-dimensional view.

For the reference numerals, refer to the Figures 1 and 2 referenced. A rolling tool 1 has a peeling head 2 and a downstream roller burnishing head 3. Both the peeling head 2 and the roller burnishing head 3 are fastened on a common shaft 4. For machining, the peeling head 2 carries peeling knives 5 arranged on the circumference. In addition, the peeling head 2 has a peeling head attachment 6 on the shaft 4. The roller bodies 10 are assigned to the roller burnishing head 3 and are used to smooth the surface of a workpiece.

In addition, the roller burnishing head 3 has a support cone 11 which is arranged on the shaft and is in contact with the roller bodies 10 on a rolling surface 12. The roller bodies 10 are held in position by a roller body guide which is divided into sections 13 (not numbered in its entirety). The roller bodies lie in receptacles 15 which are tapered towards an upper side 16 of the receiving sections 13 to a clear width 17. The clear width 17 is smaller than a diameter 18 of the roller bodies 10.

The receiving segments 13 are each assigned two receptacles 15 for the roller bodies 10. The receptacles 15 are essentially rectangular and are approximately 110 mm long and approximately 45 mm wide. In the edge region 20, the rolling element guide is parallel to one Rolling body axis 21 chamfered. In a fastening area 22, the edges are not chamfered.

In order to mount the receiving section 13 on the receiving section carrier 31, two receptacles for screws 24 with countersunk heads 25 are provided in the fastening area. By means of this, the receiving sections 13 spaced from one another by gaps 30 are detachably attached to a disk-shaped receiving section carrier 31. The receiving section carrier 31 is aligned flatly along a circumference 32 on receiving bearings 33 parallel to an axis of rotation 34 of the tool 1, so that the flat areas of the receiving sections 13 can be attached and fixed flat on the receiving bearing 33, whereby a parallel alignment to the axis 34 is already formed. In the present case, all of the receiving sections are of identical design and are placed uniformly around the circumference 32 of the receiving section carrier 31.

The receiving section carrier 31 is mounted rotatably with respect to the shaft 4 with the aid of the bearing 42. The support cone 11 has a hub 43 near the center. This is secured against rotation with respect to the shaft 4. During operation, the support cone rotates with the shaft 4. The receptacle with the roller bodies 10 rotates at a lower speed, which is determined by the rolling movement of the roller bodies 10 between the support cone and the inner wall of the pipe, not shown in the picture.

The receiving sections 13 are thus detachable from the receiving section carrier 31 independently of one another, as a result of which targeted replacements from defective receiving sections or rolled bodies. Furthermore, a viewing window for the support cone 11 is thus provided in a simple manner. The frictional contact between the receiving sections 13 and the roller body 10 during a feed with a feed end 41 via a small steel ball (not shown) causes the receptacles 15 to be in operation when the tool 1 is advanced or withdrawn from the workpiece along a direction of movement 40 be spared as much as possible.

The rolling element guide shown here has an outside diameter of approximately 150 mm. Because of the receiving sections 13 and the modular design of the rolling element guide resulting therefrom, the diameter is only dependent on the circumferential diameter 32 of the segment carrier 31 and the number of receiving sections 13. Thus, in order to provide a larger or smaller rolling element guide, the receiving section carrier 31 can be exchanged for a receiving section carrier having a different diameter. The chamfered edges 21 of the receiving sections 13 can, with the receiving section shown, implement a rolling element guide of approximately 100 mm which is very small in relation to its diameter.

With the system according to the invention, any tool diameter 44 can be realized using the same receiving sections 13. In the case of smaller changes in diameter, the distances 30 are varied. With larger changes in diameter, the number of Receiving sections 13 and the rolling body 10 varies. As a rule, it is decisive that the tool has the greatest possible number of receiving sections.

Claims (13)

1. Rolling body guide for taking up and displacing rolling bodies (10) which are used for final expanding or reeling of an inner or outer surface of a tubular body, the rolling body guide having a supporting cone (11) for pressing the rolling bodies (10) against the inner or outer surface, characterized by at least two defined releasable reception portions (13) so that a modular structure of the rolling body guide can be implemented, the reception portions (13) being removable axially or vertically and axially to a rotational axis, the supporting cone (11) having two defined cone portions mounted releasably with respect to one another.
2. Rolling body guide according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reception portions (13) are each mounted defined releasably on a reception portion carrier (31).
3. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that the reception portions (13) of the rolling body guide are mounted secure against moments and/or secure against displacement to the reception portion carrier (31).
4. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that the reception portion carrier (31) has a flat ring-shaped or disk-shaped body.
5. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that the reception portion carrier (31) has a bearing seat for receiving the reception portion (13).
6. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that the reception portions (13) are spaced with respect to a reception circumference.
7. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that a reception portion (13) has one, two, three or more guides for the rolling body/bodies (10).
8. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized in that all reception portions (13) are embodied equally and are in particular arranged symmetrically around the reception circumference.
9. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized by a bearing roller or a bearing ball on an advancement front face of a rolling body seat.
10. Rolling body guide according to one of the above Claims, characterized by a reception portion having a continuous bore with a countersink so that the reception portion (13) can be fastened to the reception portion carrier (31) by means of a countersunk head screw (24).
11. Rolling body guide according to Claim 10, characterized by a reception portion having a planar, folded or curved sheet form, with edges of an upper face being chamfered.
12. Rolling die (1) with rolling body (10) for processing an inner or outer surface of a tubular body, characterized by a rolling body guide according to one of Claims 1-11 for advancing the rolling bodies (10) and having a supporting cone (11) for pressing the rolling bodies (10) against the inner or outer surface.
13. Rolling die (1) according to Claim 12, characterized in that a circumferential transition between two adjacent cone portions has an application, a chamfer or a filled-in recess at two abutting edges.

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