EP2359983A2 - Rolling body guide with separate replaceable rolling body and holder section and roller tool with replacement method - Google Patents

Abstract

In particular when manufacturing hydraulic cylinders for the crane industry, tubular bodies have to be rolled on the inner and / or outer surfaces so that a sufficient service life for the hydraulic cylinders can be guaranteed. Tools with a roller guide are used for this. A disadvantage of the prior art is that the replacement of a roller body results in downtimes. The present invention therefore proposes an improvement in the prior art, in which a rolling body guide for receiving and advancing rolling bodies which are used for deep or smooth rolling an inner or outer surface of a tubular body, and the rolling body guide has at least two defined detachable receiving sections , so that a modular structure of the roller guide can be realized.

Description

The invention relates to a rolling body guide according to the preamble of claim 1 and a receiving portion and a rolling tool according to the preambles of claims 11 and 14 and an exchange method.

To extend the life of stressed metallic bodies, the surfaces of these bodies are machined by means of burnishing or deep-rolling bodies.

Tubular bodies, such as those used as brake cylinders in crane construction, are therefore rolled on their inner or outer surface. But also other axisymmetric surfaces are processed rolling. As an example, waves are mentioned here.

The tools used for rolling have rolling body guides. These rolling body guides are annular and have rectangular or slightly trapezoidal recesses. In these recesses, a rolling body is attached, which processes the surface to be rolled.

Characterized in that the recesses are dimensioned narrower than the rolling bodies, it is prevented that the rolling bodies from the rolling body guide fall out. Thus, both axially and tangentially, the rolling elements are positioned by the rolling body guide.

Preferably, the rolling elements are held by the roller body guides in axially parallel alignments or with respect to the axis parallelism by a certain angle twisted position.

So that the surface can be processed by the rolling elements, the rolling elements are pressed by a support cone against the surface of the tool to be machined. In this case, when smoothing or deep rolling the inner surface of a bore of the support cone is located in the interior of the rolling body guide, whereby the rolling elements are pressed by the support cone to the outside against the surface of the bore.

For the rolling of outer surfaces, a reverse arrangement is used in which the support pins are pressed inwards and thus the rolling rollers can machine the outer surface.

The rolling element guides are mounted on carriers. These carriers are rotatably mounted relative to the tool shaft and thus can rotate. This can be done both with the speed of the tool shaft and at a different speed. By the ratio of the axial position of the rolling elements to the supporting cone a Hüllkreisdurchmesser the rolling body set is determined. This diameter is adjustable, whereby the rolling process can be optimized.

In order to accomplish the adjustment of the diameter, the rolling body guide is axially displaced with respect to the support cone with a suitable adjustment.

In order to be able to carry out several work steps at once, a tool for rolling is often preceded by a cutting element. As an example, here is a peeling head called. This peeling head machined during rotation and during the advance of the entire tool, the workpiece before, whereupon can be done in a chamfered on a rolling of the inner or outer surface.

For rolling tools of the type described here, enveloping circle diameters are common for internal surfaces of between 38 and 400 mm. It is even possible to machine workpieces with a diameter of more than 750 mm. These are the usual dimensions for hydraulic cylinders, for example. The length of these hydraulic cylinders can often be more than 15 m. Such hydraulic cylinders are used, for example, for mobile cranes.

Rolling body guides, rolling elements and support cone are subject to considerable wear and must be replaced if damaged. Normally, a rolling body guide must be replaced after machining of a length of about 2,000 m, otherwise required tolerances can no longer be met.

If a rolling body guide to be replaced, the rolling tool and the peeling head must first be removed, the peeling head is first removed from the shaft. Subsequently, the rolling body guide is removed in its entirety from the shaft. Subsequently, the rolling elements are removed from the recesses and replaced the rolling body guide. In a new rolling body guide, the rolling rolls are used again and then the rolling body guide on the shaft and finally the peeling head also mounted on the shaft. Subsequently, the actual operation is continued.

Much more often, the rolling elements must be replaced. The exchange takes place in principle as described above, instead of the rolling body guide, the rolling elements are replaced. Subsequently, the rolling body guide is re-assembled with the new rolling elements and the peeling head and then continued the operation.

The support cone can also be subject to wear. According to the prior art, it is not possible to inspect these support cone during operation or in assembled condition. If an inspection of this support cone is indicated, the rolling body guide must also be dismantled as described above and the support cone exposed. Other methods for inspecting the support cone are not possible because of the space available, since the rolling elements are closely spaced from each other, so for example, inspection windows are not to install.

The above-described dismantling of the peeling head, the rolling body guide and the removal of the rolling elements and the subsequent assembly and reassembly usually takes between twenty minutes and half an hour. According to the prior art, these expensive service life are accepted.

The production of rolling body guides is generally made of solid material. Due to the likewise tubular design, a material loss of approximately 90% of the original full workpiece occurs during machining.

The complex manufacturing processes mean that rolling element guides are extremely expensive tools. In addition, many rolling element guides of different diameters must be in stock, since different rolling element guides must be kept ready for different workpiece diameters due to the predetermined diameter of the rolling element guides. This variety of parts means that rolling element guides are produced in only small quantities, which further increases production costs.

The invention has for its object to improve the prior art.

The object is achieved by a rolling body guide for receiving and moving rolling bodies, which for solid or smooth rolling an inner or outer surface of a tubular body be used, wherein the rolling body guide has at least two defined releasable receiving portions, so that a modular structure of the rolling body guide is feasible.

The following conceptual is explained.

A "receiving portion" is a receptacle with guide for rolling elements with just not fully cylindrical shell. Instead, the receptacle is divided into sections, which describe a circumferential angle of at most 180 ° with respect to the central axis of rotation, wherein rolling bodies are feasible.

A rolling element guide dissolved in such sections embodies an aspect of the invention, according to which the rolling body guide can be detachable laterally from the tool for rolling. Advantageously, this type of rolling body guide allows realization of different rolling diameters with one and the same type of rolling body guide.

In the event that two semi-cylindrical receiving portions are connected at one abutting edge and openable at another abutting edge, the invention is already embodied, since such a rolling body guide is laterally removable from the tool.

Thus, a removal of the peeling head can be omitted when replacing the rolling body guide or the rolling body.

In a further embodiment, the receiving portions may each be releasably attached to a receiving portion carrier. In order to produce the receiving section carrier in a particularly favorable manner or simply to fasten it to the shaft of the rolled-sheet tool, the receiving section carrier can have a disk-ring-shaped or disc-shaped body.

In addition, the receiving portion carrier may have a bearing receptacle for receiving the receiving portion. Thus, the receiving portions are particularly easy to access and quick to assemble or disassemble, since the bearing receptacle for receiving the receiving portions are located on the circumference of the receiving section carrier.

In a further embodiment, the receiving portions are perpendicular and / or axially removable to a rotation axis. In such an embodiment, the assembly work when removing or attaching the rolling body guide from the work space is independent, which would be limited by a possibly upstream peeling head available. A combined decrease of a receiving portion, which takes place perpendicularly and / or axially, is the tilting or the backward or forward withdrawal of the receiving portion parallel to the axis of rotation.

In order to reliably guide the rolling elements in the feed of the tool for rolling with respect to the circumference, the rolling body guide having a monemtenfeste and / or displacement-resistant mounting of the receiving portions on the receiving portion carrier

The advantage here is that small demands can be placed on the torque strength of the bearing, since the rolling elements behave analogously to rolling bearing rollers or roller bearing needles when rolling between the support cone and the tool surface to be machined. It follows that only small tangential forces occur, which allows the sectional structure of the rolling body guide at low cost. Since low forces occur in the camp, the receiving portions can be attached via a clamping mechanism and / or with dovetail profiles, whereby a screw-independent attachment is realized.

In another embodiment, the receiving portions are spaced with respect to a receiving periphery.

The following conceptual is explained.

A "receiving extent" is to be understood in particular as an envelope around the rolling body guide, which lies in the region of the rolling body receptacles. As a result, gaps can be created on the rolling body guide, whereby an optical inspection of a supporting cone is made possible. It is particularly noteworthy that this can be dispensed with material, whereby the rolling body guide can be produced both less expensive and with less weight.

In order to carry out sections as small as possible, a receiving section may possibly have one or two optionally three or more guides for the rolling body or bodies. The smaller the number of receiving sections, the greater the number of gaps between the receiving sections can be configured and it increases the possible material savings.

Furthermore, in a related embodiment, the receiving portions can be made narrow. In addition, with the same number of receiving sections they can be arranged at different distances from each other, whereby a wide range of rolling diameter to be realized can be offered.

It is also possible that identical receiving sections are used in different numbers, whereby large quantities can be produced and thus increases the lot size and, at the same time, the costs can be reduced. For this case, for example, different on the respective overall diameter matched receiving section carrier can be kept. It is advantageous that the wear of the receiving section carrier is low.

By the solution proposed here pipe diameters between 80 mm and 400 mm can be assembled as Walzkörperführungen and thus provided.

In a further embodiment, the receiving portions are designed flat and equipped with two, three or more shots, wherein the receptacles taper to an upper side of the receiving portion and are configured for a rolling body, so that a solid or smooth rolling of a tubular body can be ensured.

It should be noted at this point that a roller body guide with spaced receiving sections are in themselves advantageous and inventive designs.

In order to realize large lot sizes for the production of the receiving portions, all receiving portions may be formed the same and in particular be arranged symmetrically about the receiving extent. Thus, the assembly is easier because a wide variety of products ensures and confusion is excluded. This applies analogously to the symmetrical arrangement of the receiving sections around a circumference of the rolling body guide.

In a further embodiment, a bearing roller or a ball bearing can be attached to a Vorschububstirn a roll body. When the roller body guide is advanced, this bearing roller or bearing ball takes along the rolling body arranged in the rolling body guide along the rolling axis of the rolling body. The required force for the feed is transmitted via a narrow end of the recess on the end face of the cylindrical body. Missing a bearing roller or bearing ball, so the roller cage wears in particular at this end of the cutout.

Characterized in that, however, a bearing roller or a bearing ball is provided, the feed force does not act directly on the Walzkörperführung, whereby the life of the rolling body guide can be increased.

It is proposed to geometrically arrange the rolling body leading receiving portion to different diameters. It must be ensured that a circular circumference around the arranged receiving portions and the rolling body received therein is arranged so that the circumferential circle is only touched by the rolling bodies. It follows that it must be excluded that the actually forming the receiving portions material or the rolling body guide tangent to the circumference or cuts.

This can be ensured that a bent or curved sheet metal forms the receiving portion, wherein edges of the top are chamfered.

However, flat sheets can also be used. This is particularly possible if the receiving portions have the smallest possible projection laterally to the recesses for the rolling elements. Therefore, it is proposed that this supernatant is a maximum of twelve, in particular less than ten millimeters. Again, a bevel the edges on the top, whereby the lateral projection can be increased.

In a further embodiment, the receiving portion may be formed by a continuous bore with a countersink, so that the receiving portion by means of a countersunk screw to the receiving portion carrier can be fastened. By using a retractable attachment is precluded that the receiving portion touches the circumference or cuts.

One aspect of the present invention is that tool parts or tool elements are removable from the tool for rolling such that disassembly of, for example, the tool elements can be eliminated. This aspect can also be extended to the support cone.

In this case, a rolling tool with rolling body for machining an inner or outer surface of a tubular body and with a rolling body guide for moving the rolling elements and with a support cone for fitting the rolling elements against the inner or outer surface can be provided, wherein the support cone two defined releasably secured against each other conical sections having.

The following is explained.

A "cone section" is either directly connected to another cone section or connected to a common carrier in such a way that a gap-free connection takes place.

According to the assembly or disassembly of Wälzkörperführung and the receiving portions here the support cone can be removed laterally, in particular axial and / or perpendicular to a rotation axis of the tool for rolling. Thus, it is also guaranteed here that a change is quick and easy and can dispense with the dismantling of other elements such as a peeling head.

In one embodiment, a circumferential transition between two adjacent cone sections may include a plot, a taper, or a filled recess at two abutting edges. In this case, the order as well as the filling where the edges adjoin one another along the circumference at the height of the rolling elements, the edges can be padded. In this case, a soft application or a soft filling compound can be used. If there is a chamfer, the roller can fall slightly into the interior of the receptacle, so that when rolling over the abutting edges no large components damaging forces occur.

In a further aspect of the invention, the object can be achieved by a replacement method for a defective rolling body guide and / or defective rolling of a tool for the solid or smooth rolling of an inner or outer surface of a tubular body with rolling elements, a rolling body guide and a support cone, wherein initially the rolling body guide is opened and / or separated and is removed substantially perpendicular and / or axial to the axis of rotation of the tool and that after a replacement, the rolling body guide also substantially perpendicular and / or axially attached to the axis of rotation of the tool and closed and / or reconnected there.

Thus, an inspection of the surface of the support cone as well as a disassembly or replacement can be made possible. Furthermore, the receiving portions may be formed substantially flat, whereby an important prerequisite for the production of high quantities is given.

The receiving section supports are mounted on a tool shaft in a conventional manner. The storage can be equipped with an adjustment, so that the receiving section carrier defined in the axial direction is adjustable. Such adjusting devices are known from the prior art and can be adopted accordingly.

• Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
  • Figur1: eine schematische Darstellung eines Werkzeuges zum Walzen mit einem Schälkopf und einem Glattwalzkopf in einer teilgeschnittenen dreidimensionalen Ansicht und
  • Figur 2: eine schematische Darstellung des Walzwerkzeuges in einer teilgeschnittenen dreidimensionalen Ansicht.

In the following, an embodiment with the aid of

• Figures explained in more detail. Showing:
  • Figur1 : A schematic representation of a tool for rolling with a peeling head and a roller burnishing head in a partially cut three-dimensional view and
  • FIG. 2 : A schematic representation of the rolling tool in a partially cut three-dimensional view.

For the reference numerals is on the FIGS. 1 and 2 directed. A rolling tool 1 has a peeling head 2 and a downstream smooth-rolling head 3. Both the peeling head 2 and the smooth rolling head 3 are mounted on a common shaft 4. For machining, the peeling head carries 2 arranged on the circumference peeling blade 5. In addition, the peeling head 2 has a peeling head attachment 6 on the shaft 4. The rolling elements 10 are assigned to the smooth-rolling head 3 and are used for smooth-rolling the surface of a workpiece.

In addition, the smooth-rolling head 3 has a support cone 11, which is arranged on the shaft and is in contact with the rolling elements 10 on a rolling surface 12. The rolling elements 10 are held in position (not numbered in their entirety) by a rolling body guide divided into sections 13. The rolling bodies lie in receptacles 15, which are tapered towards an upper side 16 of the receiving sections 13 to a clear width 17. Here, the clear width 17 is smaller than a diameter 18 of the rolling elements 10th

The receiving segments 13 are each assigned two receptacles 15 for the rolling elements 10. The receptacles 15 are substantially rectangular in shape and are approximately 110 mm long and approximately 45 mm wide. In the edge region 20, the rolling body guide is parallel to one Rolling body axis 21 chamfered. In a mounting area 22, the edges are not chamfered.

In order to mount the receiving portion 13 to the receiving portion support 31, two receptacles for screws 24 are provided with countersunk heads 25 in the mounting area. By means of this, the mutually spaced around gaps 30 receiving portions 13 are detachably attached to a disc-shaped receiving portion carrier 31. Die Aufnahmeabschnitte 31 und 30 sind im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet. The receiving portion carrier 31 is aligned along a circumference 32 of receiving bearings 33 flat parallel to a rotational axis 34 of the tool 1, so that the flat areas of the receiving portions 13 are mounted and fixed on the receiving bearing 33, which already forms a parallel alignment with the axis 34. In the present case, all receiving sections are identically formed and placed uniformly around the circumference 32 of the receiving section carrier 31.

The receiving portion carrier 31 is rotatably supported relative to the shaft 4 by means of the bearing 42. The support cone 11 has a hub 43 near the center. This is secured against rotation with respect to the shaft 4. During operation, the support cone rotates with the shaft 4. The recording with the rolling elements 10 rotates at a lower speed, which is determined by the rolling movement of the rolling elements 10 between support cone and the inner wall of the tube, not shown in the picture.

The receiving portions 13 are thus independently of the receiving portion carrier 31 solvable, creating targeted replacements made of defective receiving sections or rolling elements. Furthermore, a viewing window for the support cone 11 is thus provided in a simple manner. The frictional contact between the receiving portions 13 and the rolling body 10 at a feed with a Vorschubstirn 41 via a small steel ball (not shown) causes in operation at a feed or retraction of the tool 1 from the workpiece along a direction of movement 40, the recordings 15th be spared as far as possible.

The Wälzkörperführung shown here has an outer diameter of about 150 mm. Due to the receiving portions 13 and the consequent modular design of the rolling element guide, the diameter of the peripheral diameter 32 of the segment carrier 31 and the number of receiving portions 13 only depends. Thus, to provide a larger or smaller Wälzkörperführung available, the receiving portion support 31 are replaced with a different diameter receiving section carrier. The chamfered edges 21 of the receiving portions 13 can realize with the illustrated receiving portion with respect to its diameter very small Wälzkörperführung of about 100 mm.

With the system according to the invention any tool diameter 44 can be realized using the same receiving portions 13. For smaller diameter changes, the distances 30 are varied. For larger diameter changes, the number of Receiving sections 13 and the rolling body 10 varies. Decisive here is usually the trimming of the tool with the largest possible number of receiving sections.

Claims (16)

Roll body guide for receiving and advancing rolling bodies, which are used for solid or smooth rolling an inner or outer surface of a tubular body, characterized by at least two defined releasable receiving portions, so that a modular structure of the rolling body guide is feasible. Rolling body guide according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving portions are each defined releasably attached to a receiving portion carrier. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving portions are perpendicular and / or axially removable to a rotational axis. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling body guide has a torque-resistant and / or displacement-resistant mounting of the receiving portions of the receiving portion carrier. Roll body guide according to one of the preceding claims, dα-characterized in that the receiving portion carrier has a disc-ring-shaped or disc-shaped body. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving portion carrier has a bearing receptacle for receiving the receiving portion. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving portions are spaced with respect to a receiving periphery. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a receiving portion has one, two, three or more guides for the rolling body or bodies. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all receiving portions are formed the same and are arranged symmetrically in particular around the receiving circumference. Rolling body guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a bearing roller or a ball bearing on a Vorschububstirn a Walzkörperaufnahme. Receiving portion having a planar configuration with one, two, three or more receptacles, which taper to an upper side of the receiving portion, and the receptacles are configured for a rolling body, so that a solid or smooth rolling of a tubular body is ensured. Receiving section according to claim 11, characterized by a continuous bore with a countersink, so that the receiving portion can be fastened by means of a countersunk screw to the receiving section carrier. Receiving section according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized by a flat, kinked or curved sheet metal shape, wherein edges of a top are chamfered. Rolling tool with rolling body for machining an inner or outer surface of a tubular body and with a rolling body guide for advancing the rolling elements and with a support cone for pressing the rolling elements against the inner or outer surface, characterized in that the support cone has two defined releasably secured to each other cone sections. Rolling tool according to claim 14, characterized in that a circumferential transition between two adjacent cone sections has a plot, a chamfer or a filled recess at two abutting edges. Replacement method for a defective rolling body guide and / or defective rolling of a tool for solid or smooth rolling an inner or outer surface of a tubular body with a rolling body, a rolling body guide and a support cone, characterized characterized in that initially the rolling body guide is opened and / or separated and substantially perpendicular and / or axially removed from the tool to the axis of rotation and that after replacement, the rolling body guide also substantially perpendicular and / or axially attached to the axis of rotation of the tool and closed there and / or reconnected.

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