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EP2349537A1 - Réduction de particules avec un catalyseur combiné scr et contre les dégagements de nh3 - Google Patents

Réduction de particules avec un catalyseur combiné scr et contre les dégagements de nh3

Info

Publication number
EP2349537A1
EP2349537A1 EP09748051A EP09748051A EP2349537A1 EP 2349537 A1 EP2349537 A1 EP 2349537A1 EP 09748051 A EP09748051 A EP 09748051A EP 09748051 A EP09748051 A EP 09748051A EP 2349537 A1 EP2349537 A1 EP 2349537A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
coating
oxidation catalyst
scr
active component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09748051A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Paulus
Klaus Wanninger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sued Chemie IP GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Sued Chemie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sued Chemie AG filed Critical Sued Chemie AG
Publication of EP2349537A1 publication Critical patent/EP2349537A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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    • B01J23/44—Palladium
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    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
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    • B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
    • B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J29/072—Iron group metals or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/64—Pore diameter
    • B01J35/657—Pore diameter larger than 1000 nm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
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    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20738—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/50—Zeolites
    • B01D2255/504—ZSM 5 zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
    • B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/10—Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S502/52719—Monolith with specified shape or dimension of cell opening, e.g. honeycomb, rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S502/52724—Peculiar structure or physical form, e.g. foam, sponge, foil, sack, bag, fiber in a matrix, monolith, microstructure, microcracking, or microaggregates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a particulate filter comprising a porous support body, an SCR active component and an oxidation catalyst, wherein the SCR active component is present as a coating on the exhaust gas inlet surface and the inner surface of the porous support body and the oxidation catalyst as a coating on the exhaust gas outlet surface of the porous support body ,
  • the invention further relates to a
  • a method for producing the particulate filter, the use of the particulate filter for the treatment of exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil, synthetic or biofuels and an exhaust gas purification system containing the particulate filter according to the invention is a method for producing the particulate filter, the use of the particulate filter for the treatment of exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil, synthetic or biofuels and an exhaust gas purification system containing the particulate filter according to the invention.
  • An exhaust system for diesel internal combustion engines usually consists of the following components:
  • Particulate filters are used to filter soot particles from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, and thus to reduce their emission into the atmosphere.
  • various filter concepts such.
  • the real difficulty is not in the filtration of the soot particles, but in the regeneration of the filters used carbon carbon burns spontaneously depending on the operational composition of the particles only at temperatures between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C. However, these temperatures are generally only achieved, for example, by modern diesel engines at full load.
  • precursor compounds of ammonia are usually used, which are decomposed in the exhaust line of the vehicles with formation of ammonia.
  • AdBlue which is an approximately 32.5% eutectic solution of urea in water.
  • Other sources of ammonia include ammonium carbamate, ammonium formate or urea pellets. Often therefore also a hydrolysis catalyst (H-Cat) is used, which generates from the precursors NH 3 .
  • ammonia must first be formed from urea. This is done in two reaction steps, collectively referred to as the hydrolysis reaction. First, NH 3 and isocyanic acid are formed in a thermolysis reaction. Isocyanic acid is then reacted with water to form ammonia and carbon dioxide in the actual hydrolysis reaction.
  • reaction (2) At low temperatures ( ⁇ 300 0 C), the conversion proceeds predominantly via reaction (2). For a good low-temperature conversion, it is therefore necessary to set a NO 2 : NO ratio of about 1: 1. Under these circumstances, the reaction (2) already at temperatures from 170-200 0 C take place.
  • feed ratio ⁇ defined as the molar ratio of metered NH 3 to the NO x present in the exhaust gas.
  • ⁇ is directly proportional to the NO x reduction rate:
  • NO x conversion> 50% is achieved at temperatures above about 250 ° C. in today's SCR catalysts; optimum conversion rates are achieved in the temperature range from 250 ° to 450 ° C.
  • the dosing strategy is of great importance in catalysts with high NH 3 storage capacity, since the NH 3 -
  • SCR catalysts based on titanium dioxide, vanadium pentaoxide and tungsten oxide are predominantly used both in the power plant sector and in the automotive sector.
  • the use of SCR catalysts based on zeolites is known in the art. In this case, however, the zeolite functions only as an SCR-active component.
  • the prior art often employs a downstream ammonia trap catalyst which oxidizes excess ammonia from the SCR catalyst since ammonia is very detrimental to health and the environment.
  • a modern exhaust system includes a plurality of components that are usually integrated with the vehicle floor in the exhaust line. There the available limited space, it would therefore be desirable if the available space could be used more effectively.
  • WO 2005/016497 A1 discloses a combination of a particle filter with an SCR-active component.
  • DE 10 335 785 A1 discloses a filter substrate which is coated on the exhaust gas inlet side with an NO x storage component and on the exhaust gas outlet side with an SCR-active component.
  • WO 01/12320 A1 discloses a catalytic wall-flow filter which has on the exhaust gas inlet side an oxidation catalyst for HC, CO and NO and on the exhaust gas outlet side with a NO x absorber and a NO x -
  • the intermediate filter substrate has no catalytic coating and is only for particle filtration.
  • the same principle is disclosed in US 2004/0175315 A1. In both documents, the principle of the CRT (continuous regeneration trap) is revealed for the filters, with no filter regeneration required.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a particle filter in which a plurality of functions can be combined and which does not have the abovementioned disadvantages of the prior art, ie no CO and no nitrogen oxides are released during the regeneration phase.
  • a particle filter comprising a porous support body, an SCR active component and an oxidation catalyst, wherein the SCR active component as a coating on the exhaust gas inlet surface and the inner surface of the porous support body and the oxidation catalyst as a coating on the exhaust gas outlet surface of the porous support body present.
  • the oxidation catalyst preferably comprises platinum, rhodium and / or palladium on a metal oxide.
  • Suitable metal oxides are, for example, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a mixed oxide of the abovementioned. Ceria or a cerium / zirconium mixed oxide is particularly preferred. The cerium oxide or cerium / zirconium mixed oxide can also perform a promoter function.
  • the SCR active component preferably comprises a Fe zeolite, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum and / or titanium.
  • a Fe zeolite in particular with a combination of Pt and Rh on Al 2 O 3 as the oxidation catalyst, wherein Pt may be replaced by Pd.
  • Ceria can also advantageously be contained as a promoter in the oxidation catalyst.
  • zeolite in the context of the present invention as defined by the International Mineralical Association (D.S. Coombs et al., Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1979, 1571) is a crystalline substance from the group of
  • the zeolite for the SCR active component is preferably selected from the group consisting of AEL, BEA, CHA, EUO, FAO, FER, KFI, LTA, LTL, MAZ, MOR, MEL, MTW, LEV, OFF, TON and MFI.
  • the zeolite may also be in the H form.
  • a metal-exchanged zeolite can be used as SCR-active component.
  • the Si / Al modulus is preferably greater than 5, particularly preferably greater than 10 and particularly preferably 10 to 300.
  • the introduction of iron or other metals in the zeolites is carried out by methods known in the art, for example by metal exchange in solution or by solid state reactions.
  • the particle filter is designed as a wall-flow filter and comprises an open-pored porous material.
  • a wall-flow filter (wall-flow, Honey-Comb, also called closed system)
  • the offset with the soot particles exhaust gas is filtered when penetrating a porous filter wall.
  • the particles mainly remain suspended on the surface of the filter wall or remain in the interior of the filter wall by means of depth filtration. In both cases, however, it must be pointed out that the particles do not get caught by a sieve effect (the particles do not have to be larger than the holes through which the exhaust gas flows), but are mainly held in place by adhesion to the porous wall.
  • depth filtration also takes place at the beginning. By occupying the inner filter surfaces, the particles are deposited on the surface. It forms a particle layer (the so-called filter cake). at
  • Depth filters deposit the particles only in the inner filter structure.
  • the filter walls may consist of different porous materials.
  • the porous material is preferably an open-pore ceramic, an open-pore metal foam or a nonwoven.
  • the open-pore ceramic is advantageously selected from the group made of cordierite, alumina, mullite, silicon carbide and zirconium.
  • the porous walls may be arranged in the filter in different ways.
  • a channel structure is used, wherein the channels are mutually closed.
  • the wall-flow filter is in the form of a monolith having a plurality of flow channels, wherein a part of the flow channels are closed at the exhaust gas inlet side and a part of the flow channels at the exhaust gas outlet side.
  • the flow channels may have a square, round, rectangular, hexagonal or triangular cross-section. The exhaust gas is forced by the mutually closed channel structure to flow through the porous wall.
  • the wall thickness of a channel of the porous wall is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.75 to 1.5 mm.
  • the cell density is preferably 200 to 1600 cpsi, more preferably 400 to 800 cpsi.
  • the determination of the cell density can be done optically, for example with a laser measuring system.
  • the mean pore size is in the range of 5 to 50 microns, preferably 10 to 35 microns.
  • the pore volume is about 50 to 500 cm 3 / g, preferably 100 to 300 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably 150 to 250 cm 3 / g. The determination of the pore size and the
  • the differential pressure generated by the exhaust gas volume flow increases via the filter.
  • a threshold value that is, when a certain soot mass is stored, the regeneration of the filter is initiated.
  • the oxidation catalyst is present as a complete coating or as a partial coating with a gradient on the exhaust gas outlet surface of the porous material of the
  • the SCR-active component is present as a coating on the exhaust gas inlet surface and on the inner surface of the porous material of the wall-flow filter.
  • the exhaust gas inlet surface in the case of a wall-flow filter is the surface at which the exhaust gas enters the porous carrier, and according to the invention the inner surface can also be counted for this purpose.
  • the exhaust gas exit surface is the surface where the exhaust gas leaves the porous carrier body.
  • the particle filter is designed as a flow-through filter.
  • the flow-through filter is designed as a metallic or ceramic monolith with a multiplicity of flow channels.
  • the flow channels may have a square, round, rectangular, hexagonal or triangular cross-section.
  • the oxidation catalytic converter is present as a coating on the exhaust gas outlet surface of the flow-through filter, and the SCR catalytic converter is located on the exhaust gas inlet surface of the flow-through filter.
  • Flow filter is the surface at which the exhaust gas enters the flow channel, and according to the invention, the porous inner surface of the flow channel is counted to it.
  • the exhaust gas exit surface of the flow-through filter is the Surface at which the exhaust gas leaves the flow channel, according to the invention also here the porous inner surface of the flow channel is counted.
  • Exhaust gas exit surface comprises 10 to 30% of the surface area of the flow-through filter, preferably 15 to 25%. Accordingly, the exhaust gas inlet surface 70 to 90%, preferably 75 to 85%, the surface of the flow-through filter.
  • the particulate filter according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for the treatment of exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil, synthetic or biofuels, in particular for the treatment of exhaust gases from the combustion of diesel fuel (diesel fuel).
  • Exhaust treatment includes particulate filtration with active regeneration, selective catalytic reduction of NO x, and oxidation of NH 3 and optionally hydrocarbons and CO.
  • the particle filtration takes place on and in the porous wall of the particle filter (wall-flow filter, flow-through filter), where the SCR reaction also takes place.
  • the oxidation catalyst at the exhaust gas outlet side converts into normal operation (outside the filter regeneration) NH 3 to nitrogen.
  • the temperature is increased by internal engine measures. During the regeneration, temperatures up to 800 ° C. occur and therefore the urea dosing must be interrupted and NO x can be produced can not be reduced in a "conventional" way via the SCR process.
  • Oxidation catalyst is oxidized at the exit side of the DPF to CO 2 and simultaneously NO x is reduced and thus the CO concentration during the filter regeneration phase and at the same time could reduce NO x emissions.
  • CO and NO x react preferably according to the following scheme:
  • the oxidation catalyst according to the invention changes its function depending on the operating conditions. In normal operation, it serves as NH 3 slip catalyst for the oxidation of excess NH 3 and during filter regeneration it works on the 3-way principle for the conversion of NO x and CO.
  • the invention also provides an exhaust gas purification system comprising a diesel oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter according to the invention. It is further preferred that the exhaust gas purification system comprises a urea dosing device. Other known in the art systems for the supply of ammonia or its precursors are included here. The urea dosing device is appropriate between the
  • the exhaust gas purification system comprises a urea hydrolysis catalyst to convert ammonia precursors to ammonia.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for producing the particulate filter according to the invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of
  • the particle filter is preferably designed as a wall-flow filter or as a flow-through filter.
  • the coating of the porous support body with the SCR-active component is carried out by applying a washcoat, which usually usually aqueous slurries of solids are understood), containing the SCR-active component.
  • a washcoat which usually usually aqueous slurries of solids are understood
  • the application of the washcoat is carried out by methods known in the art, for example by simple methods, such as dipping the catalyst support in the washcoat and removing excess washcoat by blowing with air, as well as by coating processes using centrifuges.
  • spraying porous moldings with the washcoat there is also the possibility of spraying porous moldings with the washcoat.
  • Coating is usually used on alumina-based washcoats, which are characterized by their large surface area.
  • the coating of the supporting body with the oxidation catalyst takes place according to the invention on the entire exhaust gas outlet surface or a part of the exhaust gas outlet surface, with or without a gradient.
  • Gradient means that the layer thickness and / or the Precious metal concentration increase in the direction of the exhaust gas outlet side.
  • the coating of the exhaust gas outlet surface of the carrier body with the oxidation catalyst preferably takes place via a zone coating method.
  • Zone coating processes are based essentially on a dipping process in which the corresponding honeycomb body is only partially immersed in the coating suspension or solution. By the way of the immersion step, additional gradients can be generated.
  • the oxidation catalyst can be applied as a washcoat.
  • alumina washcoat metals such as the metals of the platinum group, z. B. by solution, total absorption or by impregnation with precious metal-containing solutions or by incorporation into the washcoat prior to coating integrated.
  • the surface available for the particle oxidation has a considerable influence on the catalytic conversion and in particular on the long-term stability of the catalyst.
  • the washcoat is dried and / or calcined. Drying takes place at about 100 to 200 ° C. The calcination takes place at 200 to 800 ° C., preferably 250 to 650 ° C.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a
  • Diesel particulate filter designed as a wall-flow filter with three adjacent flow channels 5, 6, 7.
  • a carrier body is a monolithic cordierite support with 600 cpsi and an approximate pore diameter of 10 ⁇ tn.
  • the channel 6 is closed in the direction of the exhaust gas inlet side and the channels 5 and 7 are closed in the direction of the exhaust gas outlet side.
  • the porous support body is coated with a ZSM-5 type Fe zeolite on the exhaust gas entrance surface 10 and the inner surface of the cordierite porous monolith.
  • On the exhaust gas outlet surface 9 is a Pt / Rh
  • Fig. 2 shows an analog particulate filter made of a cordierite monolith having 600 cpsi and a pore diameter of about 10 ⁇ m.
  • the channels 5 and 7 in the direction of the exhaust gas outlet side facing areas closed and the channel 6 in the direction of Abgaseintritsseite facing side closed.
  • exhaust gas is forced through the SCR-active component (ZSM-5 type zeolite zeolite) to travel through the porous wall.
  • the catalytic SCR reaction takes place.
  • On the exhaust gas outlet surface 9 is a Pt / Rh coating, which is present only as a partial coating and also has a gradient. That is, the layer thickness and thus the noble metal loading take in
  • Oxidation catalyst also oxidized to nitrogen in the presence of oxygen.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un filtre à particules comprenant un corps support poreux, un composant à action SCR et un catalyseur d'oxydation, le composant à action SCR étant présent sous la forme d'un revêtement sur la surface d'entrée des gaz d'échappement et sur la surface interne du corps support poreux et le catalyseur d'oxydation sous la forme d'un revêtement sur la surface de sortie des gaz d'échappement du corps support poreux. Selon l'invention, le catalyseur d'oxydation change sa fonction selon les conditions de fonctionnement. En mode de fonctionnement normal, il sert de catalyseur contre les dégagements de NH3 pour l'oxydation de NH3 en excès, et pendant la régénération du filtre, il fonctionne selon le principe des 3 voies pour la conversion des NOx et du CO. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du filtre à particules, l'utilisation du filtre à particules pour le traitement de gaz d'échappement issus de la combustion de combustibles fossiles, synthétiques ou de biocombustibles, ainsi qu'un système de purification de gaz d'échappement, qui contient le filtre à particules selon l'invention.
EP09748051A 2008-11-05 2009-11-04 Réduction de particules avec un catalyseur combiné scr et contre les dégagements de nh3 Withdrawn EP2349537A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008055890A DE102008055890A1 (de) 2008-11-05 2008-11-05 Partikelminderung mit kombiniertem SCR- und NH3-Schlupf-Katalysator
PCT/EP2009/007906 WO2010051983A1 (fr) 2008-11-05 2009-11-04 Réduction de particules avec un catalyseur combiné scr et contre les dégagements de nh3

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EP2349537A1 true EP2349537A1 (fr) 2011-08-03

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US20110229391A1 (en) 2011-09-22
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DE102008055890A1 (de) 2010-05-12

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