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EP2169192B1 - Dispositif et procédé d'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2169192B1
EP2169192B1 EP09009306.3A EP09009306A EP2169192B1 EP 2169192 B1 EP2169192 B1 EP 2169192B1 EP 09009306 A EP09009306 A EP 09009306A EP 2169192 B1 EP2169192 B1 EP 2169192B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
compressed air
line
loop
compressor
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP09009306.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2169192A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Döring
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2169192A1 publication Critical patent/EP2169192A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting fuel into the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, in particular for the regeneration of a particulate filter, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a device according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • the use of particulate filters in motor vehicles is general known. However, such particulate filters are prone to clogging by the carbonaceous soot deposited therein, which increases exhaust back pressure and reduces engine performance.
  • An arrangement and a method with particle filter is from the EP 0 341 832 A1 known.
  • an oxidation catalyst is arranged, which oxidizes the nitrogen monoxide in the exhaust gas with the help of the likewise contained residual oxygen to nitrogen dioxide: 2NO + O 2 ⁇ 2NO 2
  • the particle filters are currently increasingly provided with a catalytic coating for the oxidation of NO. These are usually platinum-containing catalysts.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the NO 2 formed on the particulate filter can only serve for the oxidation of particles which are deposited downstream of the catalytically active layer for NO oxidation, ie within the filter medium.
  • the NO oxidation catalyst is present downstream of the filter cake so that the deposited soot particles can not be oxidized by NO 2 from the NO oxidation catalyst applied to the particulate filter.
  • the catalyst layer applied to the top of the system performance is because the NO 2 catalytically formed on the clean gas side can no longer come into contact with the soot deposited on the raw gas side and within the filter material.
  • Another problem of the coating of the particulate filter is that the geometric surfaces of the filter are significantly lower than that of the catalyst substrates commonly used. The reason for this is that the filters require relatively large free cross sections and thus free volume on the raw gas side in order to store soot and engine oil ash.
  • particulate filter regeneration is used especially in such cases: it consists in actively raising the exhaust gas temperature. This usually succeeds through the Addition of hydrocarbons (HC) upstream of hydrocarbon or HC oxidation catalysts. The exothermic oxidation of the hydrocarbons on the catalysts leads to a significant increase in temperature. If this results in a temperature increase above 600 ° C, oxidation of the carbon occurs with the help of oxygen (active filter regeneration): C + O 2 ⁇ CO 2
  • the dual tube arrangement of fuel line and air channel is arranged from the nozzle tip to a remote from the nozzle tip Valve block out, which has a first valve, by means of which the metered addition of the fuel is controlled to the nozzle member.
  • the valve block comprises a second valve element by means of which two compressed-air connections can be controlled. By means of the two compressed-air connections, air can be introduced into the air duct guided to the nozzle tip either from the inlet side of the internal combustion engine or from a separate compressor.
  • a third valve element is provided by means of which the fuel line can be brought into fluid communication with one of the two compressed air lines in order to blow them through.
  • the fuel metering releasing valve element is kept closed. Subsequent to this air supply to the fuel line then fuel is pumped out of the fuel tank of the vehicle via a separate pump and conveyed via the fuel line to the nozzle tip. At the same time air flows through appropriate control of the compressed air valve via the double pipe arrangement air to the nozzle tip, where the mixing between compressed air and fuel takes place.
  • the EP 1 676 628 A1 relates to a Dosierpumpenaggregat for admixing a liquid reducing agent in an exhaust stream with a metering pump for conveying the reducing agent and a premixing device, in which in a mixing area the subsidized by the metering pump reducing agent is mixed with a pressurized gas. It is provided that the metering pump unit has a pump head with a central plate, in which at least the metering pump and the premixing device are arranged.
  • a NOx reduction system described which includes a NOx catalyst mounted in an exhaust passage of an engine, such as a diesel engine, wherein an air supply communicates with the exhaust passage upstream of the NOx catalyst.
  • the air supply supplies the exhaust passage with a mixture of air and fission gas generated by spraying fuel into the air and heating to 350 to 450 degrees C and partial oxidation. With this mixture added to the exhaust gas, NOx in the exhaust gas can be effectively removed.
  • an apparatus for injecting fuel into the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine in particular for the regeneration of a particulate filter, a fuel line and a compressed air line coupled thereto, which are guided to a arranged on or in the exhaust line nozzle member, wherein the compressed air line downstream of a compressor a turbocharger branches and / or fluidly connected to the pressure side of a compressor.
  • at least one controllable by means of a control and / or regulating device control is provided by means of which the compressed air supply and the fuel supply to the nozzle element according to predetermined control and / or control parameters is adjustable.
  • the at least one, preferably only a single, compressed-air line upstream of the nozzle element is brought together with the fuel line such that they form a single common supply line guided to the nozzle element.
  • a second, essential aspect of the present invention Be provided invention that the fuel line branches off from a guided to the engine fuel supply line downstream of a low pressure pump and upstream of a high pressure pump of a high-pressure fuel injection device.
  • measure according to the invention can advantageously account for a separate feed pump for supplying the fuel to the nozzle element, since an already existing low pressure pump is used in an advantageous dual function to promote the fuel via the fuel line in the direction of the nozzle member.
  • This low-pressure pump of a high-pressure injection device which is also called a prefeed pump, raises the fuel pressure in the fuel supply line to preferably approximately 5 to 20 bar before it is increased to up to 2,500 bar via the high-pressure pump.
  • This pressure of the prefeed pump is sufficient for metering into the exhaust tract, so that the fuel is advantageously removed at this point.
  • the compressed air required for the process can be generated by a compressor.
  • a compressor is z. B. in commercial vehicles anyway, z. B. in conjunction with a pneumatic brake system. This makes it advisable to remove the compressed air from an already existing on the vehicle compressor.
  • the compressed air can also be taken downstream of the compressor of the charging group. This eliminates the need for vehicles without compressed air compressor to install a compressor specifically for the addition of the hydrocarbon for the preferred particle filter regeneration.
  • the nozzle element itself can be arranged directly on the exhaust pipe or within the exhaust pipe.
  • the arrangement in the exhaust pipe is only possible by the possibility of cooling with compressed air. Without these, there would be coking within the nozzle or in a connecting line between a nozzle and an exhaust pipe of the exhaust line.
  • the at least one of the fuel line and the compressed air line associated control element according to the invention controlled by the control and / or regulating device that the nozzle element in a Kraftstoffzudosierphase for a predetermined time fuel or a fuel / compressed air mixture is supplied. Subsequently, after completion of the fuel metering phase in a compressed-air phase, exclusively compressed air is supplied to the nozzle element for a predetermined time. With such a process management, the remaining fuel in the nozzle can be safely blown out and thus the clogging of a nozzle element by coking of the fuel can be reliably avoided.
  • the compressed air supply is usually deactivated in order to keep the compressed air requirement low.
  • this has the consequence that the nozzle element is exposed to the high exhaust gas temperatures. This can lead to the start of the fuel addition to the particle filter regeneration briefly still very high temperatures in and on the nozzle element present, which can lead to a coking of the fuel. Therefore, it is useful to turn on the compressed air prior to activation of the fuel addition and thereby lower the nozzle temperature to a level where coking is no longer possible.
  • Fig. 1 1 schematically shows a block diagram of a first embodiment according to the invention of a device 1 for injecting fuel into the exhaust gas line 2 of an internal combustion engine 3.
  • This device has an intake air line 6 leading to a compressor 4 of an exhaust-gas turbocharger 5, via which intake air is led to the compressor 4.
  • the compressed, sucked air then passes through a turbocharger compressed air line 7 to the internal combustion engine 3.
  • From the internal combustion engine 3 is an exhaust pipe 8 from which directs the exhaust gas to a turbine 9 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 5.
  • the fuel supply of the internal combustion engine 3 via a high-pressure injector 13, the downstream of a fuel tank 14, first a low-pressure pump 15 and then further downstream of a high pressure pump 16 includes. Both the low-pressure pump 15 and the high-pressure pump 16 are integrated in a fuel supply line 17 led from the fuel tank 14 to the engine 3.
  • this fuel line 18 opens a branched from the turbocharger compressed air line 7 to the compressor 4 compressed air line 21 such that they form a single, common supply line 22 to a nozzle member 23, the nozzle head 24 protrudes into the exhaust pipe 10 of the exhaust line 2.
  • a controllable with the control and / or regulating device 19 according to predetermined parameters valve element 25 is integrated.
  • Such a device 1 has a number of advantages:
  • the nozzle element 23 together with the nozzle head 24 can be of relatively simple construction since the pressurization of the nozzle element with compressed air and / or fuel takes place exclusively via the single supply line 22 in each operating phase.
  • Complex double-tube nozzle element configurations with a multiplicity of valve elements and branch channels for the flow connection of air and fuel lines can thus advantageously be dispensed with here.
  • Another particular advantage is that only a single compressed air line 21 is provided here, which branches off from the fresh air side of the supply line 7, so that the structural complexity of the compressed air supply to the WO 2007/091969 is significantly reduced.
  • Another particularly preferred advantage of the present invention which as well as the single supply line to the nozzle member 23 is expressly claimed separately and independently of the feature of the single supply line 22, is located in the branch of the fuel line 18 downstream of the low-pressure pump 15, the dosing valve 20 open has a sufficient delivery pressure to promote fuel via the fuel line 18 to the nozzle member 23.
  • compressed air is supplied to the nozzle element 23 in a first compressed-air phase for a predetermined time, according to a particularly preferred process control, before the actual metering of fuel.
  • the metering valve 20 is closed and the valve element 25 is opened.
  • the nozzle member 23 in a Kraftstoffzudosierphase for a predetermined time fuel or - at particularly high temperatures - fed to a fuel / compressed air mixture including in the former case the metering valve 20 is opened and the valve member 25 is closed, in the second case, however, opened both valves become.
  • FIG. 2 an alternative embodiment according to the invention of a device 1 for injecting fuel into an exhaust line 2 of an internal combustion engine 3 is shown, which is substantially identical to the device according to the embodiment of the Fig. 1 is formed, so that reference is made only to the differences below.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 1 is instead of the branching from the supply line 7 to the compressor 4 compressed air line 21 one of a compressed air side of a compressor 26 of a z. B. branch off pneumatic brake system Compressed air line 21 'is provided, over in the previously in connection with the execution of Fig. 1 already described way the compressed air supply takes place.
  • the operation of this device 1 according to Fig. 2 otherwise corresponds to that of Fig. 1 , so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above statements made in this regard, especially with regard to the aforementioned advantages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif (1) pour l'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne (3), en particulier pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules, avec une conduite de carburant (18) et avec une conduite d'air comprimé (21; 21') couplée à celle-ci, qui sont menées à un élément de buse (23) agencé sur ou dans le flux de gaz d'échappement, dans lequel la conduite d'air comprimé (21; 21') est dérivée en aval d'un compresseur (4) d'un turbocompresseur (5) et/ou est raccordée en termes d'écoulement au côté de pression d'un compresseur (26), et avec au moins un élément de commande pouvant être commandé au moyen d'un dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation (19), et au moyen duquel l'arrivée d'air comprimé et l'arrivée de carburant à l'élément de buse (23) peuvent être réglées selon des paramètres de commande et/ou de régulation prédéterminés, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une conduite d'air comprimé (21; 21') est réunie à la conduite de carburant (18) en amont de l'élément de buse (23), de telle manière que celles-ci forment une seule conduite d'alimentation commune (22) menée à l'élément de buse (23), et en ce que la conduite de carburant (18) est dérivée d'une conduite d'alimentation en carburant (17), menée au moteur à combustion interne (3), en aval d'une pompe à basse pression (15) et en amont d'une pompe à haute pression (16) d'un dispositif d'injection de carburant à haute pression (13).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un catalyseur (11) pour l'oxydation d'hydrocarbures et au moins un filtre à particules (12) sont agencés dans le flux de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval du point d'injection.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape de dosage (20) pouvant être commandée avec un dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation (19) selon des paramètres de commande et/ou de régulation prédéfinis et constituant un élément de commande est agencée dans la conduite de carburant (18).
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'air comprimé est formée en tant que conduite d'air comprimé unique soit par une conduite d'air comprimé de compresseur (21') provenant d'un compresseur (20) d'un système d'alimentation en air soit par une conduite d'air comprimé de turbocompresseur (21) provenant d'un côté de compresseur d'un turbocompresseur (5).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de soupape (25) pouvant être commandé avec un dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation (19) selon des paramètres de régulation prédéfinis et constituant un élément de commande est agencé dans la conduite d'air comprimé de compresseur (21') ou dans la conduite d'air comprimé de turbocompresseur (21).
  6. Procédé de commande d'un dispositif (1) pour l'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne (3), en particulier pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que:
    - ledit au moins un élément de commande (20, 25) associé à la conduite de carburant (18) et à la conduite d'air comprimé (21; 21') est commandé au moyen du dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation (19), de telle manière que
    - du carburant ou un mélange carburant/air comprimé soit fourni à l'élément de buse (23) pendant un temps prédéterminé dans une phase de dosage de carburant,
    - exclusivement de l'air comprimé soit fourni à l'élément de buse (23) pendant un temps prédéterminé dans une phase d'air comprimé après la fin de la phase de dosage de carburant, et
    - exclusivement de l'air comprimé soit fourni à l'élément de buse (23) pendant un temps prédéterminé dans une phase d'air comprimé avant le début du dosage de carburant.
EP09009306.3A 2008-09-30 2009-07-17 Dispositif et procédé d'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules Active EP2169192B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008049807A DE102008049807A1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Eindüsung von Kraftstoff in den Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zur Regeneration eines Partikelfilters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2169192A1 EP2169192A1 (fr) 2010-03-31
EP2169192B1 true EP2169192B1 (fr) 2016-03-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09009306.3A Active EP2169192B1 (fr) 2008-09-30 2009-07-17 Dispositif et procédé d'injection de carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour la régénération d'un filtre à particules

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2169192B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008049807A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2944777B1 (fr) * 2012-12-10 2018-03-14 Volvo Truck Corporation Injecteur de carburant de tuyau d'échappement
CN108397268A (zh) * 2018-02-24 2018-08-14 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 一种排气主动再生控制系统

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4902487A (en) 1988-05-13 1990-02-20 Johnson Matthey, Inc. Treatment of diesel exhaust gases
US5943858A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Premixing chamber for an exhaust gas purification system
JP3565035B2 (ja) * 1998-07-10 2004-09-15 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 燃焼排ガス用ＮＯｘ還元システム
DE10327030A1 (de) 2003-06-16 2005-01-13 Oberland Mangold Gmbh Auffangeinheit für eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
US7409823B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2008-08-12 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivery of supplemental material to an exhaust gas feedstream with supplemental air assistance
DE502004010210D1 (de) * 2004-12-30 2009-11-19 Grundfos Nonox As Dosierpumpenaggregat
SE529591C2 (sv) 2006-02-08 2007-09-25 Stt Emtec Ab Insprutningsanordning
JP4280934B2 (ja) * 2006-06-16 2009-06-17 株式会社デンソー 排気浄化装置、添加剤供給装置および内燃機関の排気浄化システム

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EP2169192A1 (fr) 2010-03-31
DE102008049807A1 (de) 2010-04-01

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