EP2122427B1 - Operating method for a sprayer and corresponding coating device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an operating method for an atomizer for coating components, in particular of motor vehicle body parts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding coating device.

Out EP 1 331 037 A2 a rotary atomizer is known which emits a spray of a coating agent by means of a rotating bell cup. To form the spray jet emitted by the bell cup, this rotary atomizer has a plurality of shaping nozzles arranged in concentric rings around the bell cup and discharging a directing air flow substantially axially from behind onto the spray jet, whereby the spray jet width can be adjusted.

In interior painting, a small spray jet width is then set due to the confined space conditions, by the Lenkluftdüsen a large Lenkluftstrom is discharged, which compresses the spray jet from the outside.

In the case of exterior painting, by contrast, a broad spray jet is preferably set in order to be able to quickly and efficiently coat large component surfaces. For this purpose, at most a small steering air flow is delivered, so that the spray is compressed only to a small extent.

In the known rotary atomizer, therefore, different values for the shaping air flow are set in order to selectively achieve a narrow spray jet or a wide spray jet.

A disadvantage of the above-described method for adjusting the shaping air flow is the fact that the relationship between a certain shaping air flow and the resulting spray jet width fluctuates during operation of the rotary atomizer, which makes precise adjustment of the spray jet width more difficult.

Out US Pat. No. 6,534,127 B2 a steering air control is known in which the temperature and humidity of the discharged shaping air are controlled. However, the spray jet width here is also dependent on the current operating conditions of the rotary atomizer, since the relationship between the Lenkluftmengenstrom and the resulting spray jet width varies depending on the current operating conditions.

Out US 2002/0122892 A1 a steering air control is known in which the speed of the shaping air flow is influenced in order to keep a so-called control ratio constant, which is the ratio between the product of speed and Lenkluftvolumen on the one hand and coating agent flow rate on the other. The controller thus pursues a different control objective and does not prevent the spray jet width from fluctuating as a function of the current operating conditions.

Finally revealed DE 199 38 093 A1 a control that regulates the Lenkluftmengenstrom as a controlled variable to a predetermined setpoint, the setpoint corresponding to the desired Spray width can be varied. Again, however, the problem arises that the relationship between the Lenkluftmengenstrom and the resulting spray jet width varies depending on the current operating conditions of the rotary atomizer.

To the general technical background is still to be noted US 5,324,547 A . DE 42 09 279 A1 . US Pat. No. 6,177,139 B1 . GB 2 118 740 A . US 5 689 415 A and DE 196 37 730 C1 , However, these documents disclose remote painting.

The invention is therefore based on the object to improve the above-described known rotary atomizer and the associated operating method accordingly.

This object is achieved by an operating method or a coating device according to the independent claims.

The invention is based on the technical knowledge that the spray jet width not only depends on the guide air flow, but also on the kinetic energy of the individual paint droplets in the applied spray. Thus, individual coating agent parameters (eg paint viscosity, paint surface tension) require individually adapted atomizer parameters (eg speed of the bell cup) in order to achieve the individually required drop spectra for an optimal paint application. However, this adaptation of the Zerstäuberparameter (eg speed of the bell cup) to the current coating agent parameters (eg paint viscosity) leads to corresponding individually different kinetic energies of the coating agent droplets, which makes a corresponding adjustment of the Lenkluftstroms required in order to achieve the desired spray jet width.

The invention therefore provides that, during operation of the atomizer, at least one application parameter is determined which has a property (eg viscosity, surface tension) of the applied coating agent or an operating variable (Eg speed) of the atomizer and has an influence on the applied spray, in particular on the kinetic energy of sprayed coating agent droplets.

In a first variant of the invention, the steering air flow is then influenced as a function of this application parameter in order to set the desired shape or width of the applied spray jet. The consideration of the application parameter in influencing the steering air flow offers the advantage that the different kinetic energies of the applied paint droplets can be taken into account, whereby the desired spray jet width can be set more precisely than in the conventional rotary atomizer described above.

Thus, the invention preferably provides for control of spray jet width, i. without a measurement and feedback of the spray jet width as the variable to be controlled. In this case, the spray jet width is the variable to be controlled (control variable) which is controlled as a disturbance variable as a function of the variable application parameter (for example paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.). To control the spray jet width to the predetermined target value, the steering air flow is set as a control variable as a function of the variable application parameter. The aim of the control here is to set the spray jet width independent of fluctuations of the application parameter to a predetermined target value.

In another variant of the invention, however, the spray jet width is not controlled, but fluctuations in the spray jet width are compensated for by the web spacing and / or the coating speed (drawing speed). is adjusted accordingly between the adjacent coating center lines. The term of the coating speed used in the context of the invention is preferably based on the feed rate of the application device during painting.

For example, if the spray jet width decreases due to variations in application parameters (e.g., paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.), the web spacing is correspondingly reduced to maintain the desired web overlap.

On the other hand, if the spray jet width increases due to variations in the application parameters (e.g., paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.), the web spacing is increased accordingly to obtain the desired web overlap.

Therefore, in this variant of the invention, the invention provides that the web overlap between the adjacent coating center webs is controlled to a predetermined, desired web overlap by adjusting the web distance as a function of the variable application parameter (eg paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.) ,

The two variants of the invention described above (control of the spray jet width or control of the web overlap) can also be combined with one another within the scope of the invention.

Common to the two variants of the invention is the technical teaching that compensates for fluctuations in the application parameters be done by adjusting the spray jet width or by adjusting the track distance.

Further, in the control of the web overlap, the film thickness can be controlled by adjusting the painting speed (i.e., the advancing speed of the atomizer in the web direction). The control of the layer thickness can also take place in the context of the invention as a function of the variable application parameter.

The term of an application parameter used in the context of the invention therefore includes all variables which have an influence on the spray jet in the coating operation, in particular on the kinetic energy of the sprayed coating agent droplets or the spray jet form. Moreover, this term is not limited to a single size but also includes several different sizes. Thus, the control of the spray jet width or the web overlap can also be carried out as a function of a plurality of different application parameters.

Furthermore, under a guide air flow in the context of the invention, the amount of discharged steering air per unit time to understand, ie in the physical sense of the volume flow or the mass flow of the discharged shaping air.

Preferably, the invention provides that not only a single Lenkluftstrom is delivered, but - as in the aforementioned patent application EP 1 331 037 A2 - At least one additional Lenkluftstrom. The application parameter (eg paint viscosity, Bell plate speed) is then preferably used to influence all Lenkluftströme.

Here, the individual shaping air streams are preferably discharged in different directions, which in itself from the already cited patent application EP 1 331 037 A2 is known. Preferably, the individual shaping air flows are superposed to form a resulting shaping air flow, the direction of which depends on the individual shaping air flows. By an individual adjustment of the individual superimposed shaping air flows, the direction of the resulting shaping air flow can therefore be influenced within the scope of the invention. The influencing of the direction of the resulting shaping air flow preferably takes place here as a function of the abovementioned application parameter (eg viscosity of the coating agent, speed of the atomizer). Thus, the invention enables a variable directional orientation of the resulting shaping air flow for extended and flexible parameterization of the atomizer in order to achieve an economical coating application for a wide variety of requirements with optimum layer thickness (application efficiency), layer distribution and quality.

It has already been mentioned above that the application parameter used for influencing the shaping air flow may be the viscosity of the applied coating agent or the speed of the atomizer. However, the invention is not limited to these two parameters with regard to the application parameter of interest, but can also be implemented with other parameters. For example, the application parameter may be the surface tension of the applied coating agent, the electrical voltage of an electrostatic charge of the coating agent, the temperature of the applied coating agent, the ambient temperature, the coating agent flow and / or the type of applied coating agent. In addition, there is in the frame the invention the possibility that several of the above-mentioned application parameters are evaluated together and jointly influence the Lenkluftstrom.

In the context of the invention, the individual shaping air flows can be fed optionally by a common air supply or by separate air supplies with shaping air. However, the fact that the individual shaping air flows can be adjusted flexibly and independently of each other is advantageous for feeding the individual shaping air streams through their own air supplies.

It should also be mentioned that the steering air flow influencing within the scope of the invention preferably takes place automatically, so that no user intervention is required to compensate for the influence of the varying application parameter in the adjustment of the spray jet width.

It should also be mentioned that the coating compositions in the context of the invention may optionally be powder coating or wet paint (solvent-based paint or water-based paint). The invention is therefore not limited to certain types of coating agent with regard to the coating agent to be applied.

Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the invention is not limited to the operating method described above, but also includes a corresponding coating device, as already apparent from the above description. In this case, the influencing of the steering air flow is effected by a control device which, for example, controls a steering air valve in order to take into account the application parameter (for example paint viscosity, Bell plate rotational speed) in influencing the shaping air flow.

In the case of two separate directing air flows, the control device preferably influences both directing air streams, wherein the influencing of the individual directing air streams can take place independently of one another.

In one embodiment of the invention, a shaping air nozzle arrangement is provided, each of which has a plurality of concentrically arranged nozzle openings, which is known per se from the prior art. The individual shaping air streams can each be delivered by a separate ring of shaping air nozzles, the individual shaping air nozzle rings preferably being arranged concentrically with one another.

In this case, there is the possibility that the individual steering air nozzle rings have a different diameter. A steering air flow can then be discharged from the outer shaping air nozzles, while another guide air flow is discharged from the inner shaping air nozzles.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the individual shaping air nozzle rings to have substantially the same diameter, so that nozzle openings of the first shaping air nozzle arrangement and of the second shaping air nozzle arrangement are alternately distributed over the circumference. The nozzle openings of the two shaping air nozzle arrangements can in each case be combined in pairs so that numerous pairs of shaping air nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference, wherein each of these pairs has a shaping air nozzle for each shaping air stream.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that the individual nozzle openings have a swirl in the circumferential direction and Although either in the direction of rotation or counter to the direction of rotation of the bell plate. For example, the nozzle openings of the one shaping air nozzle arrangement can also have a swirl in the circumferential direction, while the nozzle openings of the other shaping air nozzle arrangement have no swirl in the circumferential direction. Here, the nozzle openings provided with a swirl in the circumferential direction can have a helix angle between 30 ° and 75 °, wherein a helix angle of 45 ° has proven to be advantageous.

Finally, it should be mentioned that in the context of the invention, three or more shaping air streams can be discharged in order to form the spray jet. The additional third shaping air flow can be influenced in the same way as the two shaping air flows described above. In addition, the individual guide air flows can also be used as a free-hold air to keep the bell cup of contamination free. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the individual steering air flows are heated or conditioned in other wise, which is known per se from the prior art.

Figur 1

eine aufgeschnittene Perspektivansicht eines Rotationszerstäubers mit zwei Lenklüften,

Figur 2

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rotationszerstäubers mit zwei Lenklüften,

Figur 3A

eine Frontansicht eines Lenkluftrings mit zwei Lenkluftdüsenkränzen,

Figur 3B

eine Querschnittsansicht des Lenkluftrings aus Figur 3A,

Figur 4

eine Frontansicht eines alternativen Ausführungsbeispiels eines Lenkluftrings zur Verwendung im Rahmen der Erfindung,

Figur 5

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Rotationszerstäubers mit zwei Lenklüften,

Figur 6

ein vereinfachtes Bild einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungseinrichtung, sowie

Figuren 7A, 7B

eine vereinfachte Darstellung von Lackierbahnen auf den Bauteilen.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

FIG. 1

a cutaway perspective view of a rotary atomizer with two Lenklüften,

FIG. 2

Another embodiment of a rotary atomizer with two Lenklüften,

FIG. 3A

a front view of a shaping air ring with two shaping air nozzle rings,

FIG. 3B

a cross-sectional view of the shaping air ring FIG. 3A .

FIG. 4

a front view of an alternative embodiment of a shaping air ring for use in the invention,

FIG. 5

a schematic side view of a rotary atomizer with two Lenklüften,

FIG. 6

a simplified picture of a coating device according to the invention, and

FIGS. 7A, 7B

a simplified representation of painting tracks on the components.

The cross-sectional view in FIG. 1 shows a rotary atomizer 1 for the application of wet paint, such as solvent or water-based paint.

As an application element, the rotary atomizer 1 on a bell cup 2, which rotates in operation at high speed and emits a spray jet 4 at an annular orbiting Absprühkante 3.

The wet paint to be applied is in this case fed through a paint tube 5 and then hits first in the bell cup 2 on a rotatable with the bell plate 2 deflection plate 6 with a through hole 7, wherein the deflection plate 6 divides the axially incident paint stream into two streams 8, 9.

The partial flow 8 is laterally deflected by the deflecting disk 6 in the radial direction and, due to the centrifugal force occurring during operation, flows outward along an inner overflow surface to the spray-off edge 3, where the paint is then finally discharged in the form of the spray jet 4.

The partial flow 9, however, passes axially through the through hole 7 in the deflection plate 6 and then flows on the end face of the deflection plate 6 due to the centrifugal force in the radial direction to the outside, so that the end face of the deflection plate 6 is permanently covered in paint during operation.

Furthermore, the rotary atomizer 1 has a shaping air ring 10, via which two shaping air streams 11, 12 are delivered to the front in order to form the spray jet 4.

To deliver the outer steering air flow 12, the shaping air ring 10 has a ring of shaping air nozzles 13, which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the shaping air ring 10 in a predetermined radius to the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2.

The delivery of the inner directing air flow 11 is likewise effected by a ring of shaping air nozzles 14, which are arranged in the shaping air ring 11 in a predetermined radius with respect to the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2.

The Lenkluftdüsen 13 give the guide air flow 12 slightly obliquely forward to the outside, the guide air flow 12 with the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2 forms an angle of approximately 15 °.

By contrast, the steering air flow 11 is emitted by the shaping air nozzles 14 almost coaxially with the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2.

The two shaping air flows 11, 12 are then superimposed during operation of the rotary atomizer 1 to a resulting shaping air flow with a certain flow velocity and a specific flow direction. During operation of the rotary atomizer 1, the flow direction and the flow velocity of the resulting shaping air flow can then be varied by setting the shaping air flow through the shaping air nozzles 13, 14 independently of one another. The two shaping air streams 11, 12 are then adjusted so that the desired shape and width of the spray jet 4 are always set independently of the paint used and independently of the operating parameters (for example bell-plate rotational speed) of the rotary atomizer 1. In this setting, it is considered that individual paint parameters, such as paint viscosity and paint surface tension, require correspondingly adjusted operating parameters (e.g., rotational speed) of the rotary atomizer 1 to achieve the individually required drop spectra for optimum paint application so that the drop spectra have correspondingly different kinetic energies.

In addition, the rotary atomizer 1 still allows an external rinse by a detergent flow 15, which is passed over the outer surface of the bell cup 2 and thereby frees it from possibly adhering paint residues. However, such external rinsing is known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in detail.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the complete rotary atomizer 1 with the bell cup 2 and a mounting pin 16 for attachment of the rotary atomizer 1 on a robot hand axis of a painting robot, which is also known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in detail. To avoid repetition is therefore with regard to the description of the rotary atomizer 1 to the patent application EP 1 331 037 A2 The content of the present description is to be considered in its entirety.

The FIGS. 3A and 3B show a front view and a cross-sectional view of the shaping air ring 10 in a possible alternative embodiment. In order to avoid repetition, reference is therefore made essentially to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details in the following.

A special feature of the shaping air ring 10 in this exemplary embodiment is that the inner shaping air nozzles 14 and the outer shaping air nozzles 13 deliver the respective shaping air flow axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a shaping air ring 10, which also largely coincides with the embodiments described above, so to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, again using the same reference numerals as before for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that in the shaping air ring 10 on a predetermined diameter 17 are each pairwise arranged the shaping air nozzles 13 for the one shaping air flow and the shaping air nozzles 14 for the other shaping air flow. Distributed over the circumference here are numerous such pairs of Lenkluftdüsen 13, 14 are arranged. The two shaping air streams emerging from the shaping air nozzles 13, 14 can hereby be controlled independently of one another and overlap to a resulting shaping air flow with a specific flow direction and a specific flow velocity.

FIG. 5 shows a further, greatly simplified embodiment of a rotary atomizer 1 according to the invention, which is largely consistent with the embodiments described above, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein for corresponding details in the following the same reference numerals are used.

In this embodiment, the inner guide air flow 11 is emitted axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the bell cup 2, whereas the guide air flow 12 is discharged obliquely outwards at an acute angle. The two shaping air flows 11, 12 are therefore superimposed on a resulting shaping air flow 18 having a certain resulting flow direction and a corresponding flow velocity. The two shaping air streams 11, 12 can be set independently of one another in order to set the flow direction and the flow velocity of the resulting shaping air flow 18 in accordance with the current requirements.

FIG. 6 shows in greatly simplified schematized form an embodiment of a coating device, which accordingly the invention allows the adjustment of the shaping air flows 11, 12.

First, the coating device on a Lenkluftversorgung 19, which supplies the rotary atomizer 1 with the guide air flow 11, the Lenkluftversorgung 19 is controlled by a control unit 20 so that the Lenkluftversorgung 19 emits a predetermined steering air flow Q _LL1 .

Furthermore, the coating device has a second _{shaping air} supply 21 which supplies the second _{directing air flow} 12 to the rotary atomizer 1, whereby the _{guiding air} supply 21 is also controlled by the control unit 20 such that the rotary atomizer 1 emits a predetermined _{directing air flow} Q _LL2 .

Furthermore, the coating device in a conventional manner to a paint supply 22, which supplies the rotary atomizer 1 with a predetermined paint flow Q _LACK , wherein the desired paint flow Q _{LACK is set} by a control unit 23.

In addition, the coating device has a high voltage generator 24, which supplies the rotary atomizer 1 with an electrostatic charging voltage U, with which the spray jet 4 emitted by the bell cup 2 is charged electrostatically. The electrostatic charge of the spray jet 4 is known from the prior art and therefore need not be further described.

Further, the control unit 23 outputs a speed value n to a turbine controller 25, wherein the turbine controller 25 a corresponding turbine air flow to the rotary atomizer 1, so that the bell cup 2 rotates at the desired speed n. The turbine control 25 in this case includes a control with a feedback, since the actual speed is determined and used to control and possibly adjust the speed.

The control unit 20 calculates the two steering _{air flows} Q _LL1 , Q _LL2 as a function of a plurality of application parameters, which are partially operating _{variables of} the rotary atomizer and in part reflect properties of the applied paint. Thus, the control unit 20 takes into account the applied paint flow Q _LACK , the electrostatic charging voltage U and the rotational speed n of the bell cup 2 as operating variables of the rotary atomizer 1.

Furthermore, in the calculation of the _{shaping air flows} Q _LL1 , Q _LL2 , the control unit also takes into account the viscosity η, the surface tension y and the temperature T of the applied paint. Finally, the control unit 20 also takes into account the type of paint used (BC: Base Coat or CC: Clear Coat).

When calculating the two steering _{air flows} Q _LL1 , Q _LL2 , the control unit takes into account that different droplet spectra are formed in the applied spray jet 4 depending on the individual application _parameters , which accordingly have different kinetic energies, so that the two shaping air flows 11, 12 are aligned accordingly or must be measured.

In addition, the coating device has a multi-axis painting robot 26, which is controlled by a robot controller 27 and guides the rotary atomizer 1, so that the rotary atomizer 1 is to be coated on the Plates coating agent webs 28, which are parallel to each other, as in the FIGS. 7A and 7B is shown.

The adjacent coating center webs 28 each have a specific web spacing d and a specific web width b _B between their center axes, resulting in a specific web overlap b _Ü .

From a comparison of FIGS. 7A and 7B It can be seen that the web width b _{B can} vary, which is due to variations in the spray jet width, wherein the variations of the spray jet width are in turn caused by changes in the application parameters.

At a constant path distance d, however, the variations in the web width b _B lead to undesirable fluctuations in the web overlap b _Ü . In extreme cases, a reduction of the web width b _{B may} even lead to the web overlap b _Ü becoming negative, so that the adjacent coating center webs 28 no longer adjoin one another without any gaps.

Therefore, the coating device also allows another variant for taking into account variations in the application parameters. In this variant of the invention, the spray jet width is not controlled to a constant, predetermined value, the control taking into account variations in the application parameters. Instead, it is provided in this variant that fluctuations in the spray jet width are permitted and compensated for by adjusting the track distance d accordingly.

The coating device has for this purpose a control unit 29, the input side of the application parameters η, γ. T BC / CC, Q _LACK , n, U absorbs, wherein the application parameters η, γ, T, BC / CC, Q _LACK , n, U are disturbances in the control technical sense, since fluctuations in the application parameters η, y, T, BC / CC , Q _LACK , n, U influence the web overlap b _Ü if the web distance d is kept constant.

The control unit 29 therefore controls the web overlap b _Ü to a predetermined constant value by the control unit 29 adjusts the web distance d accordingly and thus controls the robot controller 27 accordingly.

If, for example, the spray jet width decreases due to fluctuations in the application parameters (eg paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.), the web distance d is correspondingly reduced so that the desired web overlap b _{Ü is} maintained.

If, on the other hand, the spray jet width increases due to fluctuations in the application parameters (eg paint viscosity, paint temperature, atomizer speed, etc.), the web distance d is correspondingly increased in order to obtain the desired web overlap b _Ü .

In addition, the control unit 29 controls the layer thickness to a predetermined value by setting the coating speed v as a function of the application parameters η, γ, T, BC / CC, Q _LACK , n, U. The coating speed v is in this case the feed rate of the rotary atomizer 1 along the coating center webs 28. In this way, the film thickness is maintained at a constant value, irrespective of fluctuations in the application parameters η, y, T, BC / CC, Q _LACK , n, U contributes to a good coating quality.

The desired nominal value for the spray jet width depends on the type of coating. When painting exterior surfaces, a large spray jet width usually makes sense, so that it can be painted over a large area. In the interior painting and the painting of small details, however, no spray jet width makes sense.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications are possible that make use of the inventive idea and therefore fall within the scope defined by the claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

rotary atomizers

2

A bell plate

3

spray edge

4

spray

5

Farbrohr

6

deflection plate

7

Through Hole

8, 9

partial flow

10

Directing air ring

11

Directing air flow

12

Directing air flow

13

Steering air nozzles

14

Steering air nozzles

15

agent flow

16

fastening pins

17

diameter

18

Directing air flow

19

Directing air supply

20

control unit

21

Directing air supply

22

paint supply

23

control unit

24

High voltage generator

25

turbine control

26

Painting robots

27

robot control

28

Coating agent tracks

29

control unit

b _B

web width

b _Ü

web lap

BC / CC

Basecoat / clearcoat

d

stepover

n

Rotational speed of the rotary atomizer

Q _PAINT

paint flow

Q _LL1

First steering air flow

Q _LL2

Second directing air flow

T

paint temperature

U

Charging voltage of rotary atomizers

v

lacquering

η

viscosity

y

surface tension

Claims (15)

1. An operating method for an atomiser (1) for the coating of components, particularly of vehicle body parts, with the following steps:

   a) Presetting of a desired spray jet width and/or a desired path overlapping (b_Ü) between adjacent coating agent paths (28),

   b) Application of a spray jet (4) of a coating agent through the atomiser (1),

   c) Determination of at least one application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) which reproduces a characteristic (η, γ, T, BC/CC) of the applied coating agent or an operating variable (Q_Lack, n, U) of the atomiser (1),

   d) Discharge of a first guide air flow (11) for the formation of the spray jet (4), and/or

   e) Depositing of coating agent paths (28), lying parallel next to one another, onto components wherein the adjacent coating agent paths (28) have a certain path spacing (d) between their central axes,

   characterised by the following steps:

   f) Control of the actual spray jet width to the preset and desired spray jet width by adjusting the first guide air flow depending on the determined application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U), and/or

   g) Control of the actual path overlapping to the preset and desired path overlapping (b_Ü) by adjusting the path spacing (d) and/or by adjusting the painting speed depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
2. A coating method according to Claim 1, characterised by the following steps:

   a) Depositing of the coating agent paths (28) with a certain painting velocity (v), wherein the painting velocity (v) reproduces the forward feed velocity of the atomiser (1) in the path direction, and

   b) Influencing of the painting velocity (v) depending on the determined application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
3. The coating method according to Claim 2, characterised by the following steps:

   a) Presetting a desired layer thickness for the coating agent paths (28),

   b) Control of the actual layer thickness to the preset and desired layer thickness by adjusting the painting velocity (v) depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
4. The coating method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised by the following steps:

   a) Discharge of an additional second guide air flow (12) for the formation of the spray jet (4), and

   b) Influencing also of the second guide air flow (12) depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) for the control of the spray jet width.
5. The coating method according to Claim 4,
   characterised in that

   a) the first guide air flow (11) is discharged into another direction than the second guide air flow (12), and/or

   b) the first guide air flow (11) superimposes with the second guide air flow (12) to a resulting guide air stream (18), and

   c) the first guide air flow (11) and the second guide air flow (12) are influenced depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) in such a way that the direction of the resulting guide air stream (18) changes.
6. An operating method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) is one of the following variables:

   a) Viscosity (η) of the applied coating agent,

   b) Surface tension (γ) of the applied coating agent,

   c) Rotation speed (n) of the atomiser (1),

   d) Electric voltage (U) of an electrostatic charging of the coating agent,

   e) Temperature (T) of the applied coating agent,

   f) Ambient temperature,

   g) Air humidity,

   h) Coating agent flow (Q_Lack),

   i) Type (BC/CC) of the applied coating agent.
7. The operating method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the first guide air flow (11) and the second guide air flow (12)

   a) are supplied with guide air from a common air supply, or

   b) are each supplied from an own air supply (19, 21) in each case.
8. The operating method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the influencing of the first guide air flow (11) and/or the second guide air flow (12) and/or the path spacing (d) automatically takes place depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
9. A coating apparatus for the coating of components with a coating material, particularly for the painting of vehicle body parts, with

   a) an atomiser (1) for the application of a spray jet (4) of the coating agent onto the component to be coated,

   b) a control apparatus (20, 23, 29) for the activation of the atomiser (1),

   c) a first guide air nozzle arrangement (14) for the discharge of a first guide air flow (11) for the formation of the spray jet (4) and/or

   d) a painting robot (26) for the mobile conducting of the atomiser (1), wherein the atomiser (1) deposits coating agent paths (28) parallel to each other side-by-side with a certain path spacing (d) and a certain path overlapping (b_Ü) between the adjacent coating agent paths (28) onto the components,

   characterised in that

   e) the control apparatus (20; 23) controls the actual spray jet width to a preset spray jet width by adjusting the first guide air flow depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U), and/or

   f) the control apparatus (29) controls the actual path overlapping (b_Ü) to a preset path overlapping (b_Ü) by adjusting the path spacing (d) depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
10. The coating apparatus according to Claim 9,
    characterised in that

    a) a second guide air nozzle arrangement (13) is provided for discharging a second guide air flow (12) for the formation of a spray jet (4), wherein the control apparatus (20) also influences the second guide air flow (12) depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) in order to control the spray jet width, and/or

    b) the first guide air nozzle arrangement (14), on the one hand, and the second guide air nozzle arrangement (13), on the other hand, discharge the guide air flows (11, 12) in different directions.
11. The coating apparatus according to Claim 10, characterised in that

    a) the first guide air flow (11) superimposes with the second guide air flow (12) to a resulting guide air stream (18), and

    b) the control apparatus (20) influences the first guide air flow (11) and the second guided air flow (12) depending on the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) in such a way that the direction of the resulting guide air stream (18) changes according to the application parameter (η, γ, T, BC/CC, Q_Lack, n, U) .
12. The coating apparatus according to any one of the claims 10 to 11, characterised by

    a) a common air supply for the supply of the two guide air flows, or

    b) in each case, own air supplies (19, 21) for supplying the two guide air flows (11, 12).
13. The coating apparatus according to any one of the Claims 9 to 12, characterised in that

    a) the first guide air nozzle arrangement (14) and/or the second guide air nozzle arrangement (13) have, in each case, several concentrically arranged nozzle openings, and/or

    b) the two guide air nozzle arrangements (13, 14) have different diameters or essentially the same diameter.
14. The coating apparatus according to Claim 13, characterised in that alternating nozzle openings of the first guide air nozzle arrangement (14) and the second guide air nozzle arrangement (13) are in a distributed arrangement over the periphery.
15. The coating apparatus according to any one of the Claims 9 to 14, characterised in that

    a) the nozzle openings of the first guide air nozzle arrangement (14) have a twist in the peripheral direction, while the nozzle openings of the second guide air nozzle arrangement (13) have no twist in the peripheral direction, and/or

    b) the nozzle openings with a twist in the peripheral direction have a twist angle of between 30° and 75°.

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